The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, January 30, 1901, Image 1
1VOL. XV. MANNIN , S. C., WEDNESDAY , JANUARY 3, 1901. N.4
THE QUEEN IS DEAD.1
Victoria's Lorg Life and Event
ful Reign Erded.
KINO EDWARD THE SEVENTH.
The Last Sad Scenes Around
the Bedside of Englar d's
Grand and Well- Beloved
Queen.
Qieen Victoria is dead and Biward
VIi., reigns. The greatest event in the
memory of this generatior:, the most
saupendous change in existing condi
tions that could possibly be imagined,
has taken place quietly, almost gently,
upon the anniversary of the death o'
Queen Victoria's lather, the Duke of
Kent.
'The end of this career, nevi r r qu died
by any woman in the world's Listury,
came in a simply furnished room in
Osoorne house at ('owe s, Isle of Wi tut,
on l'uesday evening of last week. T'hi,
most respeoted ef all women, l.ving or
deaa, lay in a great four-posted bed anu
made a shrausen atom, whose aged
face and figure were a " uei mockery o:
the fair giri who in 1837 t gan to rule
over Engaand Arouu her were gath
ered almost every descendant of her
line.
Well within in view of her dy i ag
eyes there hung a p.rtrait of the princ
eonsori. L was he who designed the
room and every part of the castle. In
scarcely aucoIle words the white
hairca bistop of Winchester prayed be
side her, as he had of ten brayed with
his sovereign, fur he was her chaplain
at Windsor. With bowed heads the it
perionas ru er of the German en pire
and the man who now is king of Ei
and, the woman who has eucceedc
to the title of queen, the princes anc
princesses and tuose of lees than roy at
designation, listened to the bishop'b
oeaseless prayer.
Six o'clock passed. The bishop con
tinned his intercession. One of the
younger children asked a question in a
shrill childish treole and was ,mmed
istely silenced. The women of the
royal family sobbed faintly and the
men shuffind uneasily.
TER END.
At exactly 6.3u sir James Reid held
up his hand, anu the people in the room
knew that England had lost her queen.
The bishop pronounced the benedirtion.
The queen passed away quite peaceful
ly. She suffered no pain. Those who
were now mourners went to their rooms
A few minutes later the inevitable ele
ment of materialism stepped into this
pathetic enapte. of international his
tory, for the court ladies went busily to
work ordering their mourning from
L,,ndon.
'1 he -heels of the world were jarred
when the announcement came, nut in
this palace at Osoorne every thing pur
sued the usual course. Dawn i. the
kitchen they were eooking a huge din
ner for an assemibtage, the like of
which has seldom been known in Eng
land, and the dinner preparations pro
oeeced just as if nothing had happened.
The bocy of Qaeen Victoria was em
balmed and wiii probanly be taken to
Wiz4dor Saturdasy.
IE TEoUBTYULNE83.
An incident characterioria of the
sneen's solicitude for others occurredc
two days ago, when in one of the in
tervales of consciousness, she summoner
asiength to susgest to her dressers,
who had been aarung as nurses, to take
the olportunity of getting some fresn
air. Mlonday afternoon she asked that
her little P,.m ranian spaniel be
brought to her tc asia.
it was if ared that the queen was dy
ing abtxt 9 o'cloot in the tuorning and
carriages were sent to Osoorne cot
tage and the rectory to bring all the
princes and prinrerses and the bishop
of W inchester to her bedside. 1
seemed then very near the end, but,
when things looked the worst, the
quesn had OL.2 ot the ralbies due to her
wonder fui qpn3.itu.ion, opened here ee
and recognisea the rricce ot w es
the Princess and Eoiperor Wiiiiaw.
She sked to see one uf her faithful ser
vants, a niemintr of the hou-ehoid. Hs
bastened to the room, but b. fore he
got there the queen Lad passea into a
fitfur steep.
uro clock marked 'he beginning o!
the ei~d Aatr the fhtniiy Wr re su.L
nmoned and rhi3 time the reispse was
not fuliuwe~d oy rerovery. TIhe Prino.
of ales was vary nmuon affeet-d ahit
ti~e doctors at last inrmred him titac
his mother liac breathed tier last.
EM[PERoE AND KING.
Esnperor Wiliam, himself deeply_
aiazerd, aid his best to minister com
fort to hi:, sorro 4 stricken une, whose
new dignity he was the first to ao
knowledge. F.<m all parts of the wor.d
there are stiui pouring inito Coxes mies
sages of condolence. l'hey camne fr. mi
crowned heads, miilionaires, tradesmen
and pan pez s arnd are vartooisly addreseed
to the Prince of Wales and the king
of England.
Empe roi William's arrari gemente are
not settled. Bi, yacht will arrive I ere
today (Wednesday), but it is bilirves.
that he will' not separt until after the
funeral. Several otther royal person
ages are likey to be present at the
funeral, which probably will be a cere
mony never to be t qualied in this cen
tury.
TIE LAST DAYS.
The recri of the last days of the
reign of Vic~toria is not easy to tcll.
The correspondent of the Asseeiate d
Pros. was the only correspondent ad
mitned to the 0.t ornie house and his in
tenieW with Sir. Authur John Rgra
private secre ary to the late quren, wts
the only efficial statement that had
been give n out For several wprks the
queen had been failing. On Monday
week she summond Lard Robe rts anta
esked him some very searching qu-s
tinsrezarding the war in South Af
rica. Os Tuesday shie went for a drive,
but was v saby affected. On Wed nes
day she buffered a paralytic streke,
accompanied by intene physical weak
ness. It was her first iL,ite5 in all
her 81 years at d she would not admit
it. Then her condition grew so wr-ious
that, against her withis, the famib
were summoned. When they arrived
hrasoan had praanneiiy gumbmh
to paralysis and we knesq. The events
of the last few d.)s are we-l known.
TIE QUEEN IS DEAD
At the I d_ gates ihe wat:hers wait
ed r ervously. Suldet.ly along the
drive Iron tt e houme canie a horseman
w t o cri d "The q-:eeu is dcal" as he
d.shed througl the craw'dP.
LQ'O LIVE THE KING.
Then down the Li.iside rushed a
myriad of messengers. Soon the sur
roun'ing country knew that a king
rui d ov r Great Britian. The local
inha .taits walked as if in a dream
through the stryets of Cwes, but they
dud not I eitate to stop and drink the
heaith of the new n.o-ch.
HAIL TUE NEW s1'G.
Lord Cl.rezdon, th- n,-s LordCham
berisin. w:th Prince Cr;i .ian of Soh
leswNig Hi-it a.d theD.ke o{ Argyle,
arr.v.. d a Osb're We s:ay afitruoon.
It is the io.4 zamberiin who, with the
Archb:snop of C t-rbury, annouces
to a new monarch his acccrsien to .ha
throt e.
At the offices of the lord chamber
!avo, at S.. Js.ues palace, of the city
r, mn.:.rd: c r, gui d nall. and at the
viui ge (f A-a'd,, the ffiials were
bu~y t dry, eve befure tue cea:h of
the que n w-S announced, preparing
for the fo-n a itlek which will attend
he procl :,m n; of a ne . ruler of the
United Kirjeom and India. All the
aLeient aazettes. court circulars ana
otter paper] which describe the cere
wonial 0f 1S37. had been taken fr m
the librari.d teat the officials may
-aailiar z: themilves with the forms
f page a try whereby a sovereign ls
proclaitnad. The city remembrancer
zata today:
"It vii deptn2 on the pleasure of
the new u.tnai ch to decide how far the
aocient ca.toms will be modified to
-nit mode rn methods, but in a country
whcre precede nts are so tiraly adtuered
to as England, it tay be anticipated
that we shall follow closely on the
acts which prevailed when the queen
ascznded the throne. The privy coun
eil, which is a vey large body, wid
meet at once at St James palace. The
term of proelimation ii declare that
-We,' etc ., t ish one voice and con
sent of the tongue and heart, declare
a d proc aim the high mighty Prince
Albert Edward,' etc., '%ho, by the
dea h of the monarch, has become our
only laaf-! and rtzhzful liege,' etc.
A Possible Scrap.
The attitude of the government of
Venezuela towards the B.rmudtz
AOphalt company (American) t3 hostle,
for the reason that the concessions re
ceatly accorded by the government have
b- en given to the people in touch with
the goverrment and wno would like to
resell them to the Bern:uiez eumpany.
lhe governaent having re!used to
grant the rt quest of the American min
ister, who demanded a suspension of
action on the part of the new conces
ionists in taking possession of their
rants, strained rela-ions between
Vent ziela and the U.ited States
resulted and war vessels are exjected
to return to La Guayra, and if the
Vent zu lan guvernment employs force
to taae possession of the a'phalt lake,
it i, believed the United Sta es aux
.iary cruiser dcorpion wiul land an
armed force. The aiutudeof the Vele
zu:lanis towards Aa.ericans is hostile.
O.a tt e 15:liof this month the Venezu
clan troops in the Hoyo barracks at
Caracas mutnircd and kiiled the~rcalonel,
tne liutenant colonel and several men
and then fi~d ia various d~rections. Two
hundured and ten of the men were recap
tured. ['nere was no fighting in the
town and exact cause o1 tae mutiny is
not known. No accurate detai s are
.btainable regardinag the sinking of the
Bautsh sioop Mlaria 'Teresa t-y the
Vent zuelan gutboat Mirarnda. It is
supposeI the ~1tria Teresa was on her
way f romx the Ba?t:sh ilarnd of Trinidad,
wuih a eargo of arms intended for the
Vent zilan rev.': ionist5 a.d that she
was muet by tue M1iranda which, wishing
to taie possession of her, fired upon
the Maria Teresa and by so doing bet
her on fire a Et ein -m sank.
Big .Fire in Montreal.
0O-e ul ttewmost'disastrou, hitts from
,hioh Muntreal ha, ever tuffered began
at 8 o'CucK Weune~dsy n:gait, saa not
wilnStanning the t ffrts or the entite
te department the pre g-ess of the
fa.znes Was not theckea usu 1 o'clect
tnursuay tuorning. B, that time it
n desteroed~ property valued at be
Laween $2 5U00,UtA0 and $.$,U00,000 ana
was si nuruius, th .ugu tue appear
ance was that tne tireumeu have at last
ot it under controi. hen.u ted in te
rgerty titrnea is the <piead boaro
of trade buiuiog whoces:.over hatt a
Liui.iOLA aaars. w.tn over a hu-drec
eancs ani hal a d zun large brm
and two secrie5 of simalAer euncerus.
[ae weatt~er was cold aria the firemen
were greatuy hampered in ts rerp;:ct.
U.atstue uf the Duara ot trado buitug
here was not a ruodera struoture
amot g these burnt a. Ihe narro.
treete, an enxted mtdngs and the
inflamable naturne of tne stocks they cou
aiura maue a coanbiaation whizh the
depar ment was pose:ness to overcome
the fire p:a.:ucaily burned until it
came to open space whica gave anl op
p.runiny for e ff ecaive wor k. For
a time it looked as it the flamnes wouin
spead. aloung Co~nmiis:oaer street to the
6ain tiffioe rauiding in the enurse of
er'.e.'oo there. Nutnexous crowas cf
pee pte jianm:d the narr,>w streets and
he pel ce coud not cantrot them.
Wvwuem faun ten and their elothes were
torn ana a few were elightly it~jured in
ruahes for ~af.-y
Disgraceful CSenes.
A street agzit between wotten, led
on one side by Mrs Carrne Na ios, the
t ale >n wre aker, wnh af >ho win~g of W
C. 1'. U. -women, and on the other side
by Mrs. Jo -n Schiling, wife of the
mariager ol a seloon tha; was wreekd,
tacled tiy a dessn wo nen who enim
tioaed saloons, was enaend at Enter
prtae, Kin, fTurzday. .A1 panies
were arreste d, but. later were rel:-ased.
A a oman, heavi y veiled, raint d biow
afer roew ulod Mrs. Nation with a
hr.e whip. Men who were drawn to
th,~ acene, offered no aid to either side.
Q -et was re,st.>red only when the p.itee
imaerfered. A request was ncads for
a c' warrant for Mrs. Carrie Nation
las t n sht, but none at imbue d toa ay.
"l am coing to huna my work," saia
Mr-e. Naxion determit~eily; and today
th-e chief of police swore in a dozen ex
tra ioijoe. In Ablene, where M~rs.
N~iion threatens to make her Dr It on
laught, the saiuon koet ers have sta
inned gnards at their plaaes
DISPENSARY LAW
Amended So That Most of the
Profits Wil Go.
TO COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
The House of Representatives
Passes Several Other Import
ant Acts. The Proceed.
Irig In Detail.
The House disposed of considerable
business on Wedneslay. There was
quite s unexpected skirmish over Mr.
C A. R >bioson's bili to amend the act
incorporating Clemson C ,leze. The
bill provided that the incorporation of
Clemson College should not arrogate
the charttrs of the towns of Calhoun
and Jentral After some discu'sion
the bill pa-sed when amendei so tiat
no dispensary will ever be established
at Calhoen
There was a long fight over Mr.
Lide's bill to prevent the sale of goods.
wares or merchar dise within one mile
of ary camp aronrd or place of holding
relginuc exercises outside of an incor
Iera ed town or city. Mr Lide ex
ilat.ed that ti-e ral purpos- of the
bill is to keep blind tigers away from
re ligiou4 camp meetings. They come
tn. re in the guise of innocent tradeus,
sel ing lemor ale, etc. After some con
siderable discussion the bill pa-sed its
see nd reading. The priocipsl pro
visions of the bill are that it shall be
unlaaful for any itinerant trader or
tradesman other than established deal
ers of the community to .iffer for sale
any goods wares or merchandise within
one half mile (f any camp ground, or
other place of religions meetings while
the meetings are in progress outside an
incorporated town e- city, except with
tf e Ierawision of the trastees or other
b ard of maoagemet.t of such meetng.
provided th-4t nothing in this act shall
arply to venders of fruits and vegeta
bl. s and other farm products.
The following p -ss, d second reading
without any disonsoo:
Mr. McGowan's bill to make it a
misdemeanor to destroy personal prop
erty. The law as it now stands pro
tects horses, cows, sbe'p, etc. The
author applies existing law more gen
erally.
Mr. Baeot's bill to confer the degree
of bachelor of sciences upon graduates
of the South Carolina Military acad
emy, etc. the law as it was passtd
last year read "cadets" instead of grad
pates.
Also Mr. McGowan's bill to require
any eourts of this State to receive as
evidence the laws and ordinances of
any town or city in this State, when
the same shall be certified to by the
clerk or other offoir of the tws or city
under the seal of the municipal cor
poration wherein such lags and ordin
ances are or were or force.
The third of Mr. McGowan's bills to
pass second reaing Thursday was
that to authorise and empower cities,
tuwns, townsbios, school districts,
sreaial Eiool disticts and counties to
issua negotiable coupon bonds for the
refunding or payment, in whole or
lart, of any vahid bond-:d indebtedness
heretorore or hereafter contracted, etc.
Mr. McGonau explained that there
is one law now giving these privileees
to certain cities and counties He
wanted to incorporate the provisions
into a general statute.
The fight of the day which presented
atusing features was over Capt. J. H.
Bruoks' bill to provide for a capitation
og tax. This is a matter which has
ever been regarded lightly by some
people, but it becomes more and more
,eious eaceb year. A. simi ar bill has
ben presented every year for seve-al
,esions and sech time tne author ha<
been lauglbed at. Cap. Bre iks stated
if any odium be attack- d to th~e
introduction of suoh a messore, he was
willing to endure it, in behaif of his
contiuency in order to protects the
sheep raising industry in South Caro
lins.
The bill was killed by a narrow mar
in, and it is probable that Capt.
Deans bill on the same subj -et has
gained ttrengh from the strong back
ig exhiv ed by Capt~ B-n. k<' bill.
AS TO t.IQI7OR P'oFITS.
The last fisht of the day was on Mr.
Gnter's bill tc apportion the net pro.
dts de-rived from the sale of liquor.
Mr. Gaeter made a lengthy talk upon
the feature of the bill, and expla ned
it very clearly.
Mr Crof t also favored the bill. Mr.
Efrd inquired if its provi->ions would
be constituonal. Mr. Croft explained
tht they woud
Mr. de Laach of York announced his
opposition to the bill.
Mr. Eird-Have you any dispensa
re- in Yo k count>?
Mr. de Loach-Thank God we have
not.
Mr. Efiri-I can then understand
why you oppose the bill.
Mlr. de L >ach then explained the at
tade of York county to thec dispen
,sry. There nev. r hadI been but one dis
pensary in the county and it was at a
town of 12 male adult inhabitants, anid
even that di-pensary has been abolish
ed. The bua seeks to fore counties
like York to adopt the dispensary sys
Mr. Oroft asked suavely why the peo
ple of York, so honorable and pure,etc.,
were opposed to the sale of liquor and
yet were williog to take that oount)'a
share of tublic school funds from hI
quir profits.
Mr de Loach answered that the dis
pensary is a Sta'e and not a local insti
utin. This bill is promoted by no
nobe motive. It is an outrageous en
deavor to force upon the people of York
and other such counties the adoption of
au obnoxious system by holding out
the tempting bait of profit. He culo
gis- d the people of York as a progres
sive and noble people.
Mr Prinee wanted to know if the
people of york were all that Mr. de
Lach had pictured them-fighting the
a 'fub traffic in lignor-why should
they touch the fiahy lucre o~ming
from its male? He warmly refuted the
change of ignoble motive. (Mr. de
Lach disclaimed using the word Ig
noble.) Mr Prince then declared
broadly that he was not the man to
force the sale of liqnor upon any peo
ple. But, if this traffi3 is to be kept
up, .bguld not thea. counties whieh
debauch themselves, if debauchery it
be, receive the price of the father's de
bauchery to build up the character of
their children? Anderson county had
for years been pouring money into the
dispensary coffers, merely to see it
pa'celed amang counties which con
tribated nothing. He agreed with Mr
Croft that tho- e counties which are
put to the trouble and expense of po
licing the dispensary system should
get the lion's share.
The bill with all the co umittee
amendments then passed seootid
reading. The bill provides that on and
after April 1st, 2 per-cent of said net
profits are to go to the State, to be dis
tribu ed as now provided by law; 45
per cent. of the said net profits to go
to rho several towns and cities in which
the dispeosaries are loea-ed, and 53 per
cent. to go to the several counrita in
which the di-pensaries are located.
The county commisioners in each .,f the
various conntirs in which dispensaries
are Iceitid, shall app rtion the net pro
fits ceming to each enunty, as provided
by this sot, in the following manner:
That not less than 10 per cent. of said
protiss to be ap; lied to the schoo's of
conty, and the remiinder of said pro
fits to be distribu ed for the uses and
benefits of said county, as the county
board of comm rsionera may see fit.
THE CHILD L&BOR BlL.
A Majority of the Senate Committee
Against It.
In the senate Friady three reports
were unomitted from the comittee en
eonmerce and manufac ures on the
ch Id iacor b l1. The majority of the
cm naittee, consisting of aeuators Sal
hivan, Barawell, Brown, Sarratt, Stan
land. Dean and Gaines, simp'y made
an untavorabie report. Senators May
iell, Glenn and Caughman submitted
a substitue bill, which is as follows:
A bill to prevent children under 12
years of age from working in the fac
tories, mines and textile manufactur.
ing establishments of this state under
conditions therein stated, and to pro
ide punishment for violations of this
act. and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the general assem
bly of the State of South Carolina:
Section 1 That from and after the
first day of May, 1901. no child under
the ag, of 12 years shall be emp.oyed
in any factory, mine or textile mann
factuiing establishment of this State;
and that from and after the first day
of May, 1902 no child under the age
off 11 shall be employed in any factory,
tory, mine or textile estanlishment of
this State; that from and after the first
day of May 1903, no child under the age
of 12 years shall be employed in any
faa ory, mine or textile esuablishment
of tais State; and that after May 1,
19u1, no o-iid siall be allowed to work
later than 8 o'clock at night or before
6 a. m.
Sec. 2. That from and after the first
day of January, 1902, no child under
the age of 15 years shall be employed
in any factory, mine or textile es-ab
lishment of this State unleas said child
or its parent shal make satisfactory
proof teas the said chAli bas, during
the past 12 months, attended some pub
lic school at least for months; and that
for this purposses the certificate of the
teacher or the record of the soliool
where said ohi.d attended shall by
rime facie DrOOl that said child has so
complied with. the provisions of this
act.
Sec. 3. That every owner, superin
tedent, manager or overaeer of any
*.tory, mine or textile manufactur
ng establishment, and any other per
son in charge thereof or connecestd
therewith, wno shall employ any such
chill contrary to the provisions of
tas act, shall be guilty of a misde
manor, and for etvery sueh offense
sai, upon conviction thereaf, be fined
not lees than $10 nor more than $50, or
be imparisoniei not longer than 30 ays,
at tue discretion of the ciurt.
Sec. 4 Tnat any parent, guardian
or any other pereon having under his
or her control any child, Who consents,
suffers or permits the emplayment of
hi5 or her child or word unarer the ages
as above provided, or who knowingly
[or waifully miscepresents the age of
uh child or ward to any of the per
[sons named in etion 3 of this act, in
~rier to octaia employment for sucn
hild oi ward, shalt be deemed guitty
of a misdemeanor, and f or every rush
offense shall, upon conviction triereof,
ne fined not less than $2, not more than
$50, or be imprisonea not longer than
30 day s at the discretion of the curt.
Sei. 5 Tnat ali acts and parts of
acts in co4tls with tue provisions of
this act be, and the san.e arc hereby,
repealed.
S G Mayfield,
J. Li. Glenn,
B L. Caugaman.
Senator Henderson, fur tiuiseif, sub
mitted a report that the bill -do pass,
with the following amendment:
"Ste out section four and in lieu
thereof insert the foliowing:
"8ec. 4. Taat any widow who shall
furnish to any of the persons named in
section 2 of this act .an affidavit, duly
sworn to buy her before some offier
competent to take the~ same, to the
effect that she is actually dependent
fr support upon the earnings of her
child or ch:ldren, shall be permitte.d
to obtain employ ment for saia eh'ld or
hildren fromu said persons; that the
filig of said affidavis shall be a full
ju~tification for such emplosment; and
any widor who shall wilfully awear
falsely to any fact in said affidayit
shall be in dictable for per jary ai pro
vided by law."
Senators May fld, Caugbman and
Glenn also submitted a minority re
port, which is in the form of a substi
tute bAl-.
Let Them Say.
"Oar Washington correspondenee,"
says the Savannah News, "Yesterday
me tioned that in the matter of the
Harlan con firma'ion Senators Morgan
of Alabama, McLauria of South Jaro
lina and Sullivan of Mississippi voted
with the Republicans, 'as they have
been in the habit of doing on all purely
administration queaiions.' Senator
M rgae is a fix tire in the senate; Sec
ator McLaurin's term has yet twe years
to rue; Ser ator Suilivan will reti:o on
March 3 next. Senator Morgan may
be vting with the R publicans in order
o advace his pet scheme of the N..a
rau' canal. But why sheuld tbe other
to Democrats tote atains& their party
on 'all purely administration meas
=ma?'"
THE COTTON WILT.
Some Further Facts About This
Plant Disease
MON TO PREVENT iT.
Facts About a New Enemy of
Cotton That all Who Plant
the Staple Ought to
Know.
A few weeks ago we published some
facts concerning the cotton wilt, and
this week we published some additional
facts concerning this new enemy to the
cotton plant:
PRETETITE MEASMrIS.
In the cotton wilt, as in many other
plant diseases, certain preventive or
palliative measures, based on our
knowledge of the way the disease
sireads, are very important. These are
a. f;>llows:
1. Ratation of Crops -Land once in
fected with this di-ease has never been
freed from it. It is important, there
fore, that such land should not be
planted for several years to okra or any
variety of cottn subject to this dis
ease. The length of time the fangos
will live in the soil is not yet deter
mined, but four years' rest has proved
sufficient in several cases. Other
crops, as corn, cowpeas, caobage, water
melon. eto -may, it is blieved, be
planted on this land with safety.
The greatest spread of the wilt dis
ease is by the direct grawth of the fua
gus through the soil from diseased to
healthy areas. On this account an area
considerably larger than that on which
the plants are wilted shiold be included
in this rotation.
2 Removal of Diseased Plants.-An
other important sources of infection is
the diseased plants themselves. The
fungus produces on the dead stems and
roots great numbers of spores, which
are carried to other places in a variety
of ways. All diseased plants should be
pulled and burned as soon as discover
ed, so as to prevent the dispersion of
the fungus spores which will finally
cover them.
3 Avoidance of Spread by Cattle,
Tools, Eta.-The writer's observations
in various places in South Carolina dur
ing the past two years lead him to be
lieve that cattle grazing in the fields
spread the disease. They should not
be allowed to pass freely from infected
areas to healthy felds, and would be
better not to pasture such infected
ields. Tools shou.d be carefully
cleaned after cultivating the diseased
land. To insure complete destruction
of the apores of the wilt fungus, ush
tools shonld be scoured clean and then
washed with a 2 per cent solution of
formlin or a 5 per cent oarbalic said
solution.
4. Care of the Compost Heap.-The
fungus is sometimes introduced into the
barnyard and compost heap, so that the
manure becomes a source of general
infection to healthy fields. The utmost
care should be taken to keep diseased
plants out of the manure, and if there
ar any indications that such plants
have found thetr way into the manure,
all such manure and compost should be
used on land . where cotton will never
be planted.
There is no objection to the use of
stable manure which does not contain
the spores of the cotton wilt fungus,
but expedience has shown that in the
case of the closely allhed watermelon
wilt fungus a barnyard once infected
will remain so for many years, and that
all manure taken out of it will be like
ly to spread the disease. The same is
probably true ef the cotton wilt fun
gs.
The most encouraging results have
come from the endeavor of the depart
mens to find a race of cotton which can
be grown on the infected lands. There
are always some plants in every field
which resist the aisease to a grater or
less extent, and it frequently happens
that of two plants in the same hi,
egnally exposed to infection, one will
die and the other live to the end of the
season. All degrees of resistance may
be found, from plants nearly killed by
the wilt disease to those entirely
healthy. The latter are comparatively
uncommon, however.
[D.fferent races of cotton vary consid
erably in their susceptibility to the liI'
diease. This was shown by an e xper l
met carried out by the department on
the farm of Mr. H. L. Galloway, atD
Ion. S. C.
It will be seen that some of the best
kinds are among those most injured by
tus disease; but there were one or
more plants in each race that entirely
withstood the ditease, and the seed
from these has been saved with the in
tention of securing valuable resistant
strains by cress breeding them.
The ability of cercain cotton plants to
grow on infected land is due to the f act
that the wilt fungns is uable to enter
their principal root system and not to
any lack of infection. This has been
deermined by microsopic examination.
That infection of these plants has real
ly taken place may be demonstiated by
an examination of their roots for the
little stts of rootlets which mark the
loation of infections. The roots of
plans taken from the row of Janno
vitch cotton were attacked by the fun.
gs in ever a hundred p'aces, as found
by actual gon, yet in no case did the
paraite penetrate as far as the main
stem, while plants of king cotton in the
adjoining tow were completely over
ome. As determined by numerous mi
rosopie examinations each little tuft
of roots marks a pains attacked by the
fungs, so that shere can b- no doubt
o the thoroughness of the infecsion
and, furthermore, no doubt that such
plats are astually resistant to she fan
It is evident that such an efeet as,
the fangus has produced here must is.
jure the plant considerably and this
was found to be the case. The average
heiht of plaats grown en the ifasted
lan was twenty-three inches, waile
plats on adjoining land very slightly
ifeed grew forty-swo inches high.
Such injury as this would of course
greatly shorten the crop. but the indi
catins are that seed selected from she
most vigoreus plaa will be more re
sistant than the average. The best
plants in our experimental plots on the
nfese land wara nearly ennal to thase
grown on healthy land and also showed
a smaller number of root tufts.
In this connection the most important
question is whe-her this q iality of re
sistanee to disease is transmissib'e
through the seed to sue:eeding genera
tions. An experiment designed to settle
this point proved a rtmsrkahle sue sess.
It was carried out by Mr Elias L. Riv
ers, of James Island, S. C., whoselected
a healthy plant of sea island cotton that
grew in a badly blighted field in 1899
The seed from this resistant plant was
saved and planted in a single row
through a field that had been infeoted
with the wilt disease fcr several year4,
The acjining rows were planted with
seed fromn his main crop, grown on non
infected land. The wilt disease made
almost a clean sweep through the ordi
nary cotton, 95 per cent of the plants
oeing killed, while in the row planted
with se< d from the resistant plant not
a single plant was kiiled by the wilt
disease.
These plants were vigorous and pro
duetive. The dwarfing noted in E .yp
tian and upland cotton grown by the
writer on infected land at Dllon, 8 C ,
was not so marked here. The quality
of the lint good, though not equl to
the crop from which the selection was
m.de It is believed, however, that by
continued cross breeding and selection
in sucer eding years the quality of the
cotton may be improved without loss of
reeistacea to the wilt disease. Work
a'ong this line has already been started
in a small way by the department,
which it is hoped may be enlarged.
It has been shown that much can be
accomplished in the control of the wilt
disease of cotton by simply selecting
seed from resistant plants. It is very
probable that better results will be ob
tained by cross breeding these resistant
individuals, for in this way the resis
tant qualities of two plants will be
combined and there will be added the
increased vigor which usually comes
from crossing On the other hand, if
the flowers of a resistant cotton plant
should be fertilized by pollen brought
by insects from a diseasad plant, as
may easily happen in the field, plants
grown from the resulting seeds will
very likely be less resistant than if they
had been fertilized by pollen from an
other res stant plant. On this account,
in the selection of resistant races, it will
be desirable to cross by hand as many
flowers as possible in order to increase
the chances of success.
In connection with the work of the
department a large number of crosses
between resistant plants have already
been made. It has been our aim to se
cure resistant claims from our common
races by cross fertilizing plants of the
same race, and at the same time to in
crease the productiveness and improve
the quality by selecting the beat plants
of each sort for breeding.
The fact that the Egyptian cottons
are resistant to the wilt disease had led
to the attempt to produce a resistant
long staple upland cotton, by hybridis
ing resissant plants of tne common up
lani races with the Egyptian cotton.
It is very desirable that everyone who
undertakes the breeding of resistant
cotton should at the same time pay
great attent-on to securing a more pro
auctive race and a finer qeality of
staple.
ONCLUSION.
There is a great iromise of a suc
cessful remedy for the cotton wilt dis
ease in selection of seeds fr >m healthy
plants growing on infected soils and
by continuing to select and cross breed
the most resistant plants in succeeatng
crops with a view both to reeistance
and quality of staple.
It would be well in the case of up
land eston to start with a race like the
Jackson, which is already highly re
sistant, and improve and fix the quality
by careful cross breeding and selection.
in places where this cluster type of
cotton is undesirable a res stant strain
of the sorts commonly enltivated can
probably be ootained by crass breeding
and selection. It is hardly to t e ex
peted that this process will result in
trieotly immune race the first year.
Even though much of the cotton be
ome diseaced, the selection should be
continued each succeeding year until
the qoalicy ot resistance is fixed.
In the case of the sea istand cotton,
where length and fine quality of staple
are essential, the process of selection
and breeding should be the same. Re
itanc to diisease must be the primary
requisite, and from the resistant plants
thse bearing the finest lint may be
setled.
The Egyptian cottons will probably
prove of the greatest value when cross
ed with our upland races so as to adai
the vigor ana q-iali~y of the former to
the proanctiveaess of the latter. It is
hoped that the department will be able
to extenl its work along this promising
line.
In ad lition to selection-for resistance
all practicable preventive measures
should be applied. Rj~ation of cro~ps is
even mo~e important on these infected
soils than on healthy ones, for the con
tinual growing of cotton on these lands
will increase the amount of disease and
decrease the resistance of the cotton.
Prompt destruction of di:eased plants
is also very important. Every effort
should be made to avoid the infection of
healthy fields by animals, tools, wash
water frem diseased fields, diseased
plants, iunfected compost, etc. As al
ready stattd, Land oace infected with
this disease remains infected for am un
knwn period.
Indians Uprising.
& dispatch from Mu'kogee,_ Indian
Territory, says the Creek uprising is
growing to dangerous proportions.
Marshal Bennett has just received a
elegram fo~n Brisiow, I. T., announc
ing that 600 armed Creeks, stationed
two miles irom there are preparing to
attack the town, and pleadine for pro
tetion from the marshal. Disaffected
Chotaws have a number of Creek
Snakes amoag them anI they have
been quietly ersasizisag and arming for
some time. They themselves call Uhoc
taw Snakes. It is stated that the
Snakes have planned to destroy all
the railroada in their nation by burning
bridges and section houses on a pre
eenrted ight. They have deposed
Gev. Duke and issued an order to all
citizens to cease leasiug or renting te
whies. The first offense they will
puish with 50 lashes, they say; ears
will be eut off for the second and death
for the third. They have organized
and have leaders in every Choctaw
eaut y and slaim to have a membenhip
af oa. -
Costly Fire In Mullins.
Monday morning abut half past one
o'clock the people of Mullings were
awakened by the furious riogi:.g of the
warehouse bells, and loud cries of fire,
and were horrified to find that a whole
blek situated in the heart of the busi
ress porion of the town was in Limes.
Men and ladies, toa, rushed to the scene
and all united in triing to save a por
tion, at least, of the contents of the
s-ores, but very little of the goods were
saved. The loss was very heavy, five
store' beiLg completely wiped out. The
total loss is estimated at about $6 000,
000. Dr. F. A. Smith, two houses, $700,
losurano, $500; stock $1,000, insurance
$710. Smith Bros. rtore house, $60u, no
insurance A. J. Prosadr. $400, cover
ed by insurance. M. B La,aiter, store
houe, $500,no insurated. Edwards
store bous' $600, no in., W. D. Ed wards
stock $100, 00 insurance. Werbtaiins&
Co. tt-ck $700, no insurance. Edison
Smitn, store house, $8U0, no insurance.
E. C. Lowman, s ock damaged oy mov
ing, $200. E. U. Bethea, stock damag
ed oy m ving, $100. Tnere were several
d velliuhs only a short disaar-es from
toe fire and maih alarm was felt by the
tecpanrs, but fortunately none of them
caught fire. It is un:erstood that most
tf the stores will be rebuilt of briek.
The Sate.
McKinley's Empire.
We move on - apace in imperialism.
From the aeportauon of Fdhpinos from
Manila in eansequence of their alleg.d
"disloyalty" to a government haling
no claims upon their loyalty it is an
easy st p to the depor:ation of Ameri
cans wLo care to criucis details of
imperial administration in the Philip
pines. A Minnesota man, formerly a
volunteer soldier from that Sta.e, who
dared as editor of a marine journal in
)Janila to bring a charge of wrongdoing
stainstan cffiser of that port has been
imprisoned by Gen..,MaeArthur and
ordercd to be deported from Kinley's
island empire. This man might have
been tried b a miluary court and if
proven guilty of libel, punisLel by fine
and imprisonment. That would have
been justice under the forms of law,
even if military law. Bat instead he
is deported without trial-not on the
ground that he printed a libel, but be
cause he insistea that what he had alrea
ay printed was true and he refused to
p:..m se that he would make no more such
uriucisms of the miiitary administra
tion. lie is ousted as "a dangerous in
cendiary and a menace to the military
situation." How long will our people
tolerate this sort of brutal and lawioes
tyranny? Aven Russia has ceased to
deport political oLnders to Siberia.
Lno State.
Legalized Concubinage.
"The iaw of marriage and divorce as
it prevails here is nothing less than
legalized connubiage. I am not an
alarmist, bat I do say that our present
divorce iasv must necessarily result in
the aeoasement of public morals. I
should amend the law no as to permit
aasointe divorce only for intile.itj and
impotency." This is the recommenda
tion of Jaige Jona Gboons, made in a
letter to Uhief Justice Biggs of the
supreme court of Illinois, which he
mraae public Friaay. The juige, urg
ing the enactment of a new law, writes
fur.her: 'It is the Mecca of all the
mismated portion of the humaa family
to seek solace in free love. i a man
becumnse aisasanied with his wife or a
wile prefer another to her husband
here, he or 8he applies for a aivorce
witaout much dander of its being re
iused. "11 the legislature shouid not
be prepared to go as tar as I suggest it
ougut to be mane a misdemeanor for
the guilty party to remarry either in
this satate or elsewhere wiunin a certain
number of years of she granting of the
aivorces."
HelIs a Mason.
Masons every waece in ene world take
more than ordinary interest in the ae
cession to thie tnrone of Bagland of Al
b.:rt Edward, who is one of the most
eminent iiemibers e thse order, in the
woid, being dianti Master of Masons
in Eaglaod, botland, Ireland and
Wales, irand I'rior or &iniglita Temn
paar in England and Grand Patron of
Age.ent an-i Actep.esi Seannan Enie ot
freemasonry, beiog a uairty-tnird de
gree Mason. King E.lward, as Grand
flaster of Mason in England, has a
representative "neair the Grard Lodge
e1 douta Caronna,'' whose seat is in
ijiareston, in the personal of Mayor
J. Adder day th, himself a past G~rand
Master of sOUth Garolina Masons.
M~ay os 8.tyth has represented the Gr.and
Lodge ol E..giand ior many years and
as suca he wsars on ceeimonial oca
ionas a very naanomo j.,wel commiim
eto himi by tne present King of En
giand ats designauion of his aushorir..
-Unarieston cost.
Atlanta Still Ahead.
J. T. heaerson has asked the police
to find his son, Alonso he'4rson, a 13
year-old boy who disappeared from his
noume in Atlanta last Tanursday. Mr.
katrson bslheves his boy has been
Mianapped, 'Te family of Liss Frazer,
who is believed to have been kidnap
ped two weeks ago from the Georgia
Tschoological school, hasgtvain up hope
of ever seeing him again. Fiaser's
brother, who left his home in Alabama
today, has no idea that the $5031) n gold
which he paid a negre who promised
to restore the student to his family,
will ever be recovered. The polio. are
at work on both eases.
Brigands to Be Shot.
A few n~ohts ago a band of brigands
made an assault en the hosse occupied
qy John Meliekeruen, a Amerisan, in
tne village of Sam Sebystianite, near
Guada.j ra, Mexico. Meliekersou re
sisted the attack and was killed, hiis
body being hacked to pieces with
machetes. Everytiig of value in the
house was carried off. The outlaws
were pursued into the mountains by a
force of rurales and several of them
have jnst been overtaken and captured.
The prisoners will be taken to the soene
of the murder and thot.
Will B. Moved.
The (Tharleston Post says the Testa
Cotton Mill, which for more than a
year has been operated in Charleston by
negro labor, will within the Dear fu
ture bi moved to New Holland Springs,
near Gainsville, Ga , and will be oper
ated by white help, under the manage
ment of the Pacolet Manufactaring
Company, which campany owns the
namt Mill.
"HIE COMMONER."
The Great Tribune of the People
Explain the dams.
SPEAKS FOR THE MASSES.
Purposes and deas of the Demo
cratic Leaders Jurnalistic
Enterprises Told in the
First Issue.
A dispateh from Lineeln. Nebraska,
says the first number of "the Commo
ner," the weekly paper publiahed by
William J. Bryan, was issued Wedncs
day afternoon. It is a neat appearing
sheet typograhically. The following is
the salutatory:
THE COxO.Ea.
Webster definaes a comoner as "one
of the common people." The name has
been selected for this paper because
The Commoner will endeavor to aid
the common people in the [rotection of
their rights, the advancement of their
interests and the reaLnation of their
aspirations.
It is not neeessary to apologize for
the use of a term which distingaishes
the great body of the population fr m
the comparativeley few who, for one
reason or another, withdraw them
selves from sympathetic connection
with their fellows. Among the Greeks
"hoi polloi" was used to describe the
many,: while among the Ramaos the
word "plebs" was employed for the
same purpose. Theme appellations, like
"the common people." have been as
sumed with pride by those to whom
they were applied, while they have
been used as terms of reproach by
those who counted themselves among
the aristocratic classes. Within recent
years there has been a growing ten
dency in some quarters to denounce as
demagogic any reference to, or praise
of, the common people.
One editor in a late issue of his paper
takes exception to the phrases and
says:
'This expression is an ill-chosen one
and should have no ldgment in the
vocabulary of an American patriot and
statesman. If we sought its origin, we
would look for it in that specious dem
agogy which has evolved the profes
sional politician, arrayed country
against town-the farmer and his sons
and daughters against the business and
professional men and their sons and
daughters-capital against labor, and
built up against neighbors the impreg
nable barriers of prejadice and hate."
This quotation is reproduad because
it fairly represents the views of those
who criticizs the expression. It has,
however, an eminently respectable ori
gin. In the same chapter in which
Umist condensed man's duy to his fel
lows into the commandment: "Thou
shalt love thy neighoor as thyself," in
the same chapter in which he do
nounced those who devour widows'
houses and for a pretense make long
prayers-in this same chapter is is said
of Him, "fue common people heard
Him gladly."
No nigher compliment was ever paid
to any clas
The term; "the common people," is
properly used,to descrioc the large ma
jonuy of the people-those who earn
their living and give to society a fair
return for the beneflis bestowed by
society-those who in their daily lives
recognize the ties which bind together
he mass of the people who have a
common lot and a common hope.
Somaiumes they are called "the mid1dle
classes"' because paupers and criminals
are excluded on the one hand, whdeS on
she other hand sone exx:ule thea
selves because of wealth or position or
pride of butb.. Tne common people
term the industrious, inteatgens and
patriotic element of our population;
they proinoe the nation's wealth in
ime of peace and fight the nation's
battes in time of war. Tney are self
reliant and independent; they ask of
government notning but justice and
will not be satisat~d with tess. They
are not seeking to get their hands into
other people's pockets, but are consent
if they can keep other people's hands
out or their pokets.
The common people do not constitute
an exculsive societ,-thy are not of
the four hundred; and one can become
a member if he is willing to contribute
by brain or muscle to the nation's
strength and greatness. O~dy those are
barred-and they are barred by their
own choice-who imagine themselves
male of a sup rior kind of clay and
wno deny the oigLality of all before the
A rich man, who has honestly so
qured his wealth and who is not afraid
to intrust its care to laws made by his
fellows, can count himself among the
common people, while a poor man is
nt really not one of them if he faffns
before a plutocrat and has no higher
amoition than to be a courtier or a
sophant.
The Commoner will be satiefi 3d if,
by fidelity to the common people, ia
proves i.s right to the name which it
has chosen.
Missing Boy Found.
A dispatch from Carrollton, Ga., to
the Atlanta Journal s-.ys on New
Year's day Otil, the fourreen-vear old
son of C. M. Wcrd, disappeared from
home, near Victory. The boy had
when he disappeared $10- He was
last seen in company with a Negro
man at a store in Victory, wahere the
boy was making purohases. Tlhe dis
tressed father has been search.ing
wherever he could find the slightest
lew, but without Euccess, until the
horrible dissovery was mide that the
body of the missing boy was in Mo
Daniel's pond at Victory. The water
was turned cif the pond and the body
was found at 4 o'clock Thursday after
noon. A suit of blcoly clothes that
the boy had worn has also been found.
His throat was cut. The Negro man,
Ike Williams, who was seen wtth the
boy at Victory, was arrested at Bowden
and is now in jail at Carrolitan- He
was brought here Thursday night by
Srieriff Merrell. The man was at work
on the college at Bowden and denies
all knowledge of the boy's disappen
ance. It is said that there were threats
of lynching, but Sher:ff Merrell arrived
without incident. Iks Widiams, the
prso-r i. ahout twenty-One years