Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A G~OOD)_1OCI MEN., CONTINUED FR,i a 'iE tural country is ::0 ot r but poor, and the poVerY e !-: vC is due, not alone to 0e deswdt'on o war, but tothe lack of the ara a.nd in dustries which have made the North rich. At the same time Nxe shoald " ot in our zeal to foster manufactures commit the fatal blunder of neglect ingor of failing to protect cur aei;ceui tural interests, which lie at the Ws-s of all prosperity. Capit-, it is sai.1 is cowardly. At any rate :t st:s a sylid basis for iavestn'ert. Wtc oi t on this acccunt, to inspire i t'e vui side world the confidence that lent mate investments msde in So uth Ca: olina shall not be distur be'.1 bV unjast legislation and. at the same time, we should protect and s courage .ind,. tries already Est blished. If we rigid ly pursue this policy durin- the next decade we sball be able to double the material wealth of the State. and thereby to reduce the rate of taxation by increasing our taxable property. DISPENSARY. The most difficult and perplexisg problem with which the peoplein al civilized countries siho;uld contend is that cf the liquor trafic. All the ef forts of the Legislators to cope with the hydra-headed monster of alcohol ism nave been unsatisfactory and i effectual. Prohibition has teen tried repeatedly in different States, and while it has failed to check drunken ness, it has encouraged hypocrisy, evasion or open violation of the la w. Its advocates are unquestionably in spired by the loftiest of motives, but human nature remains forever the same, and while Legislators may en act laws for the punishment of crime, they can never force men to become virtuous or sober. So vast a problem as that oi the liquor traffic demands for its solution the co-operation and combined wisdom of all the people. Local option can not, therefore, settle it except tempo rarily and to a very limited extert. The open saloon is a con: nce and a disgrace to -'izauon. As is w" own I was at first not "' aocate of the dispensary law, and was sceptical as to its ever being a tuccess in any form. I cannot, therefore, be considered as unduly biased m its favor, and I have arrived at my present conclusion m regard to it somewhat against my will. The opinion reached by me af ter a through investigation of its work ing throughout the State, and after having the views of agood many in telligent and good men, is that the law is a great improvement cver the old license system and that it deserves to be fully tried in its present form be fore there is any radical change made. The proof is overwhelming that there is less drunkenness now than former ly, and that the consumption of liquor has been largely decreased. This is acknowledged by every fair-minded man and that the masses of the peo ple are averse to returning to the lic. ense system in any form is very evi dent to any man who has mingled with them. Having stated my opin ion as to the policy the State should pursue I feel it my duty to enter at some length on the workings and mer its of the law, and point out the severe tests to which it has been subjected. It is not saying too much to assert that it has never had a fair chance. Enacted duringr a period of intense political activity, when prejudice and party spirit were running high, it was opposed by many on political grounds without consideration of its p or nirt, and every possible obstruction ~thrown in its way. The Federal Courts, by injuncticns, have crippled its enfor-cement seriously. After the Darlington trouble had been quieted the decision of the Supreme Court declarmngithethe law unconstitu --tional came to undo all the work that had been done. While itdemnonstrated the uitter futility of prohibition it at the same time initiated the sale of liquor without license in every neigh borhood and many who then began the nefarious traffie have never ceased to follow it, and are stillselling liquor as much as they dare. Of what use is it to argue that the State should not sell liquor to its citi zens of reap a profit from the "blood money," as some term it, when they advocate licensing its sale and thus sharing in the profits made by the private dealer? One system is just as immoral as the other, if there is irn morality in either. But the monopoly of the sale by the State enables it to control in a measure and mina-ize the evil, and the profits, which are but of ecnayconsideration to the State, are saebyall the people. -On the other hand telicepsing of its sale to private parties would create a monopo ly just as certainly as the existing one -a private monopoly, which has never been and never will be controll - ed by law, and the profits which then become the paramount object areI shared by the State and the barkeeper. There is a monopoly in either case, and the State in one instance reaps all * the profits and seeks only to promote the cause of temperance and rpduce tne'evil to aminimum. In the other the profit goes largelv to private in dividuals and there is no thought of reducing the eonsumption of liquor and promoting sobriety, while experi ence has shown beyond dispute that private gain stimulates the sale in every way possible and encourages the evil. There are no "back stairs" or "sid~e doors" to the dispensaries, but - there never was a bar room which did not sell liquor on the sly on public oc cassions when the law required it to be closed. The dispensary is open only in the day time and when ordered, to be closed, as on circus days and during Fair week in Columbia, they were closed, and but few .drunken men could be found in the city, though the crowd was- immense. The State can afford to lose the profit on such occasions, but under no sys tern of license has it ever been possi ble toshut the bars- Private greed is not to be thus controlled and herein lies the great merit of the system. Then the closing of the dispensaries at night and the destruction of treatmng by forbidding the sealed packages be ing opened on the premises--these three features are the ones which make the dispensary law popular in spite of "shortages" in dispensers' ac counts and "rebates," whether real or imaginary. Let us try then to perfect the system and punish dishonest dis pensers, rather than try the old plan, which we know is less conducive to sobriety and good morals. Now, in regard to the administration of the law and the prevention of fraud and stealage, I feel sure that an investiga tion will show that a great deal has been said about - rebates" received by the officers charged with the execution of the dispensary law that has little foundation,but should the contrary be shown I feel that a system can be de vised or is already in force which will free the law from crite;a on that score. MIy experience in the Comptroi ler General's office ratistes me that the business can be conducted in suchj a way as to prevent stealing or detect and punish it if the dispensers or other officers connected with the dispensary attempt it. There is no reason why such checks and safeguards cannot be devised as will prottet the States -m terest as thoroughly as in the collec tio a disurement of taxes and GOVERNOR W. H ELLERBE. other public money. The cispensary hs become apartof the fixed policy of the State, Sad as long as our pres ent Constitution remains intact it is theduty of the Gevernor to see that laws governing it arc enforced, and it is the duty of all law stding ci!tns to labor for the same end, or a le'ist to submit to the provisions of the law. I believe the dispensarv comes nearer to the solution of the liquor problem than any other scheme yet proposed by man. It may be necessary to mo dify the law. but constant changes are to be deplored. The dispensers should be honest men, selected without re gard to party afliliations, and when convicted of crime, should be handled like other criminais. The chief dis penser, the board of control and all the hiaher otiials should be men whose hon esty cannot be reasonably questioned and who should hold their places on account of fitness and not lor political reasons. An institution is known by its fruits, and itis simply a question whether. prohibition or the disensir- system will do most to di minisir ~runkenness and its-accom panying ills. Upon moral grounds and only upon moral grounds the dis pensary. lust stand or fail. The profit feature is of secondary consideration. ED'CCATION-THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. That it is the duty of the State to provide for the education of her chil dren is now almost universally con ceded. He belongs to the past, and not to the present, who hopes to cneck the growing demand for popular ed u cation. The enemies of the public school will find the entire drift of modern civilization against them. All the leading nations of the earth have founded and are still endeavoring to perfect systems of popular education. Witness Germany with 19 per cent. and France and England each with 16J per cent of their population in the schools. To be relegated to the rear is the fate of every State that fails to provide for the training of her chil dren. Witness Spain, once the leading Power of Europe. with ly 10 per cent; Italy, once the home of art and science and culture, with 9 per cent; Turkey. at once the shame and dis grace of Europe. -with 2- per cent; exico, with 4;, and Brazil, with only 3 per cent of her population at chool. The whole history of modern civili ation teaches that in the struggle for upremacy the sceptre of .e nnon asses not to the State most richly lessed by nature, but to the State hat best succeeds in training its citi ens for all the duties of life, both pulic and private, in peace and in ar.. in companison with cold and beak, New England the South is a aradise And yet it must be cenfess d by all fair minded men that long efore the desolating cyclone of war ad swept over our fair tields power and dominion were already rapidly pasing to the North. We were al eady approaching a condition of in ellectual bondage in the South. It as been estimated by eminent anthor ty this section paid annually to the orth, for many years before the war, ot less than five million dollars for ooks and education. When New England established her free public chools and strengthene d her system f popular instruction she armed her elf with the power to wrest suprema y from the South, which was content with private and parochial schools,and o make good her claim to leadership far more effectually than she subse uently secured in the surrender of Le at Appomnattox. This is said in no harsh criticism of he generation of men now rapidly asssing from the stage, whose cour ge and fortitude were tested in a hun red hard fought fields, whose "ener vy made bricks without straw, and read splendor auiid the ruins of heir war wasted homes," but for the urpose of emphasizing a truth which annot be too deeply impressed upon he minds o: h men into whose ands is committed the solemn respon ibility of moulding the destiny of tbe tate and of making her future, not uworthy of her proud, inspiring ast. To see our own shortcomings ad to rise with firm will to correct ast mistakes is-the part of wisdom. ain conceit in a State is no more to e admired than in an individual. Our schools are not what they ought o be. In the opportunities they offer heir youth for education the Northern ad Western States have left us far ehind, and this for reasons beyond ur control. The war left us con ronted by the most serious education aproblem ever thrust upon a free eople-tne problem, it has been well aid of educating three times the num er of children with one-third the oney. The war not only robbed us f more than 50 ner cent of our taxa ble property, but'it added, at a single stroke, to our school population hun reds of thonrsands'- of illiterate ex laves. In spite of desperate cdds we ave been moving for ward, but the attle is not yet won. Suth Carolina as not yet regained her once proud psition in this great Republic. She an never regain it until her people rising above all partisan hatred, unite n one heroic effort to make our sys em of public instruction inferior to one. It is thus, and thus only, that we hall triumph in the end. We should evelop our mines, build factories and mrove the fertility of our soil, but ur highest, our niost sacred duty, ow and evermore, must be to im :rove the quality of our citizenship, o develop the minds and hearts of the rising generation, for upon tueir in elligence, virtue and patriotism the estiny of our State depends. In a monarchy in an aristocracy, a ew great and good men may govern the State wisely and well, but, in a overnment of the people, for the eople and by the people, illiteracy is shame and a disgrace, and a con stant menace to the safety of the State, All good citizens should unite in the ef fort to improve our public schools, to lengthen the school term especially in the country, to encourage the foiiada tion ol pu~-ic libraries, to inaugurat system of university extensioni that shalt carry science and culture to ea ger minds grasping af ter better things, to increase the numb~er and etficiency of the farmers' institutes no w conduct ed by the authorities of Clemson Col lege. In this great work of educating the port and sympathy. To cur hiaher institutions of learn ing tLe public schools must lock for eflicient, weh trained teachers. De stroy or cripple our colleges and you destroy or cripple all hope cf better public schools. As a stream canbut rise igher Lhan the fountain head, so will teaching in the public sehcols re mrain low and unsatisfactory until those who are to engage in this work seek ti-e better to equip themselves in ;he higher semiuariks of learnin. Nr is this all The pr imary school, it is said. has a right to live because it tits people for the duties cf citizenship. But for what duties? To read, to write, to cipbe-r? Does thi fit for the uuits of ci:''nship? For the lofest, perha p,, but nha oft the h i chis,, IDO u0! the hi2hest dutits require the an pikt scholarzhip, the hgi est :.d noI lest trainiugo that can be givern Can the free schiool tt for the high est duties of statesma hip? Assured lv not. For the solution of great and oftentimes perplexing problerms, in volvioz peace and prosperity of all the people, the State stands in con siant need of miei of the highest sebol ars ip, of the pr foundest knsoweledze of law men whose mental grasp is large enough to sweep the whole hori zon, men able to rise above local or even State interests. and to set for the conmon good cf the people of all the States. It is the chief pride and glo-y of our State to claim for her sons men whose names s.re forever inscribed in the history of this nation. Such were Legare and Sims and Timrod and Hayne and Preston and McDaffiie, and the great Calhoun. From her hills and valleys may there still go forth men who shall not only bless their State and nation, but hu manity itself. Again does the com mon school train men for the profes sions of law or medcine? Does it equip for scientific pursaits? Does it sand out expert chemists and geolo gists and engineers and scienti~c agri culturists? It c- --me for the manifold pursuits and professions open to the ambitious youth of the State. Fcr these we must furnish neeled training in seminaries of learning, or look to other States to do for us what we should do ourselves and spend money abroad for what the State could supply. Against such a fate State pride and patriotism alike rebel. Such a disaster would fall with crushing weight upon the sons and daughters of the poor, who would be unaole to meet the expenses of an ed vcation at the North. But we are told that higher education in South Caro lina costs too much. Does it not cost less than anywhere else in the world? Harvard, with her three thousand students, has an annual income of more than a million-a cost of $400 per student, and this; too, wita no account taken of the millions already invested in buildings and books and scientific equipment. And yet who will say that the vast sums invested in this great university fail to bring in adequate returns? Does Virginia com plain of the $100,000 annually spent for the five hundred young men at her University? Have not Michigan and Wisconsin and Minnesota and Nebraska and California been amply repaid for the millions in recent years devoted to higher education? A tax of $100,000 for higher education in South Carolina means but little more than 50 cents for every thousand dol ars of tasiable property. Such a tax, ven were there ao adequate returns, s no burden to anyone. Butt it does ring adequate returns in manhood and womanhood. It does. I believe n the long run, pay for the invest nent in actual dollars and cents. here can be, there must be. no con lict between the Church and the State olleges. There should be generous ivalry,but open or covert antagonism s disastrous to the interests of both. Colleges founded by the churches and by private beneficence have per formed and are still performing a reat and patriotic service, but no state should surrender to private >hilanthropy or denominational zeal ts sacred, inallenable right and sol >mn duty of placing withtin reach of ll her children the bread of knowl ~dge. Zeal in educational work is intagious. The Church school flour shes best in those States where public pirit rallies to the support of the State ~oleges, or to speak more Dhilosoptli ~ally, wherever the Church is health est there are public institutions for ~he good of man find their warmest upport. Genuine Christianity enkindles in ellectual life, arouses man from leth rgy and creates within him public pirit and patriotism and an unfailing nterest in the welfare of others. In dexico, in Brazil, in Spain, wherever, an short, Christianity has become tagnant, there all public enterprises anguish. Destroy or cripple our de tominational c >lleges and ybu take r'm our civilization its strong, up ifting force, but destroy or criople ur State instituitions and you tas~e ~he road which has carried Spain, nce the leading Power, and natural y, the richest country of Europe, to he rear in the triumphal march of ~ivilization. There should, of course, e no waste in our educational re ources. CONCLUSIoN. Fellow Citizens: The political cam aign of 1896 is over. You have hon red me as few men in South Carolina ave ever been honored, and far more ichly than I deserve. You gave me -I say it in no spirit of vain glory or f boasting, but in profound apprecia ion of the honor bestowed-you gave e in the Democratic primary the argest majority ever given a candi ate for governor. Both factions of he Democratic party, as the vote cast ndicates, gave me warm and enthu iastic support, such as necessarily ~ould not have been given to any factional candidate. My constant anxiety shall be not to rove unworthy of your confidence. I am y our Governor-the Governor f the whole people. Our interests are utual. It will oe base and treacher us and ungrateful on my part, and uwise and unpatriotic on your par-t, longer to fan the fires of partisan ha red. On questions of public policy we cannot all agree, but when issues are settled at the ballot box we can ad ought to submnit to the will of the :ajority honestly expressed. 1 beseech you to resolve, on this oc :asion, to bury all factional feelings ad to join hands and hearts in your fforts to develop the resources o f our eloved State, to build up her instita ions, to promote her every interest. n assuming my ollicial duties I pledge ou my best services. With all my strength of head and heart I shall la bor for the common weal, and, in my fficial capacity,shall treat both friend ad foe with equal consideration. I rid myself of all sectional and parti san feelings and hail you all as Caro inians. I love my native S:ate. I love her people. I am proud of her grand and inspiring history, of the ames of her illustrious sons, of the thousands of her hion orei dead who sleep upon every great battlefield of their ecuntry. I rejoice in the hope ur future insoires, in the patriotism >f our young manhood and in the self-sacrificing devotion of oar young womonhood. The inaugural address was greeted with loud applause, especially as-Gov rnor Ellerbe emphasized the.eclara tic tha he kne no parts and no LIEUrENANT-GOVERN faction. THE LIEUTENANT GOVERINOR. At the conclusion of Governor El lerbe's address Speaker Gary announ ced that Lieutenant-elect McSweeney waspresent -and ready to be sworn into office, and the oath was duly ad ministered to him by Cbief Justice McIver. Lieutenant Governor Mc Sweeney deviated from the custom and delivered a most happy speech, in which he said: It is not my intention on this occasion to make you any ad dress, but I want to take this occasion and opportunity to most sincerely thank you and the good. people of the State, of which I am so proud, for the confidence expressed in me. What brief remarks I will have to make will be delivered in the Senate. I only want to say that it will be my pleasure and duty to work with the Governor in the promises he has made you, which I know he will carry out, so that when his Administration is closed he will receive the deserved plaudits. I pledge myself to second your Governor in his every effort, to do the best that can be done for the people of the State in giving them a wise and just Administration, and I trust when his term of office comes to a close the people will say, "Thou :ast been a good and faithful serv ant." This happy little speech was kindly received. Thus ended the inaugural ceremo nies, and the procession returned. Governor Ellerbe going out on the arm of former Governor Evans. Bloodthirsty Brutes. CnIN ATI, Jan. 21.-A special to he Commercial-Tribune from Tampa, Fa, says. Emanuel Silvero, a ounded Cuban, arrived here to-night from Key West, having escaped from uba on a fishing vessel He comes ~rom the field inear Artemifa. He onfirms the story of January 9th, when a Spanish band came upon a uban hospital near San Cristobal, ontaining 500 wounded insurgents, and put to death all of them, even the attending physicians. Col. San Mar in's troops are raiding all that sec ion, very seldom going into the hills ear Rivera's camps. One of his ands was ambuscaded two weeks ago and out of forty five men in it only hree escaped. They are bloodthirsty nd are credited with more murders f women and pacificos than any oth r band' They ?aided a small town wenty miles from Paais New ear's Day, and abducted all the wo en in the place, some fifty in :num er. Only ten of them have ever een heard from and they were re aptured by a Cuban band. January, 0. Terrible slaughter. THOMlSON, Ga., January 19.-Mr. hurchill, of Warren county, for erly of Missouri, arrived in Thom on yesterday evening with a car load f stock from his stock farm in the est. He started for his home at oods, Ga., with his stock last nig ht nd just as he got out of town the oad he was traveling, running paral lel with the Georgia railroad track, nd started up it, about this time a, own freight train was approachn g nd ran into the stock in a cut, kill ng, fourteen mules and horses, all but ii that he brought. They were ly ng on either side of the track for about ne hundred yards. The stock were ppraised at ~eleven hundred dollars oday. Terrible Catastrophe. LONDON, Jan. 21.-The Globe pub ishes a dispatch from Bombay, sent' ut by a news agency, which says hat three shocks of earthquake oc urred on the island of Kihm in the ersian gulf on Jan. 15, destroying housands of houses and killing 2,500 ersons._________ A Convenient invention. An Orangeburg farmer comes to the ront with a new invention in the hape of a Lubricator for oiling ve icle wheels without taking them off he axle. It is inserted in the hub etween two of the spokes. When ou want to grease your wheel all you ave to do is to withdraw a plunger, which operates with a spring, and put s much oil as is needed on the axle. pon being released the spring closes p the oil hole until it is opened for oiling up again. It is a very ingeni us and clever device, and is bound to e used generally. With these lubri ators a vehicle can be oiled up any where along the road in less than one inute. 'The patent for this valuable nvention is owned by the National ubricator Company of Orangeburg, S. C. Mr. Jas. L. Sims, Editor and~ rorietor of the Orangeburg Times~ ad'Democrat, is the manager of the ompany, which is a guarantee that it s all right. The company wants an gent in this county to sell the Lubri ators. See advertisement in another olumn.________ Ovation to Bryan. HOUsTON, Texas, Jan. 20.-Hon. William J. Bryan addressed an audi ne of 5.000 people in this city to ight. H s remarks were largely con-. fined to a discussion of the tinancial uestion, along the lines pursued dur ug the late campaign. .Every period was greeted with enthusiastic applause, the cheering at times being in the na ture of an ovation. Gunboat sank by Cuban l'atriots. HAVANA, Cuba., Jan. 19-Though the insurgents have no navy they do not hesitate when the opportunity of-i fers to atta~k the Spanish warships. 'he latest instance of this klnd oc urred Sunday morning when a Span - ish gunboat was sunk by means of~a trped a nd man of her crew killed. DR M. B. McSWEENEY. PLANTERS, ATTENTION! Valuable Information for All Classes of South Carolina Farmers and Stock Raisers. Kno wing that the t'me has now come for you to purchase your fertilizers, we put ourselves to the expense of pay ing for the publishing of the follow ing information for your use. We have done this for years past, and now there are hundreds of planters all over the State that can testify, not only how much money we have saved them but as to the good crop results they have gotten. We do not sell acid phosphate or kainit, but we do sell Cotton Seed Meal and Halls. As we pay the expense of this advertisement, all we ask of you in return is to ask your dealer for the Southern Cotton Oil Co's. Meal, for either feed or ferti lizer, and for our hulls for cattle feed. HOW TO FERTILIZE. This is what many of our personal friends have tried, and is the language and advice of the Agricaltural Depart ment of Georgia: 1st. Beyond v. certain amount it did not pay to manure-that is, while the crop might be increased in gross, after a certain outlay had been made in manures, further increase diminished the relative profits. 2nd. That this holds good, as well, for nitrogenous manures, phosphates and potash-no matter in what form administered. 3d. That all things considered, the cheapest and most profitable fertilizer the farmer could use, by actual test, consists of the following formula: Acid pbosphate.........1,250 lb's. Cotton seed meal..........500 lbs. Kainit.............. 250 lbs. 4th, That the point of greatest profit is passed after applying more than 400 pounds per acre. This formula would analy ze. Available phosphates .9.00 to 9.50 per cent. Ammonia..........2.25 to 2.50 per cent. Potash.............125 to 1.50 per cent. We cannot calculate the actual cost of this fertilizer, for prices vary from time to time and the rate of freight varies, but suppose c~tton seed meal costs you $23 00 per ton, acid phos phate $12.00 per ton and kainit 814. 00 per ton, all freight paid to your sta tion, we have: 500 lbs. cotton seed meal at $23.00 per ton.................$5.75 1250 lbs. acid phosphate at $12.00_ per ton................. 7.50 20lbs. kanit at $14.00 per ton. 1 75 2000 lbs. one ton; total cost..$15.00 Thus you see that you could put 400 pounds per acre at a cost of $3 00 per acre, or 200 pounds per acre at a cost of $1.50 per acre. Now the planter has gotten this y ear an average price of 15 cents per bushel for cotton seed. He usually puts 20 bushels of seed per acre, which at 15 cents per bushel makes a cost to h:m of $3.00 per acre to fertilize. In addi tion to this, he buys acid and kainit to put with the seed. It is for you to say whether you would rather have 20 bushels of cotton seed per acre or 400 pounds of tihe above fertilbzer which every 20 bushels of seed you have sold this year will enable you to buy. FATrENING CATTLE. On this subject we do with you as in our article on fertilizers, namely-pub lish the advice of distinguished parties, people supported by the planters of the various States for the purpose of find ing out what is to your interest. We can tell you, that only five years ago every pound of hulls were burned by the oil mills in this State as we did, not then appreciate ther value as food. Now over 20,000 tons of hulls are sold in this State alone for feed. "For fattening cattle for the beef market put from four to five pounds of meal with twenty pounds of hulls. Below we quote the advice of State authorities. Sir John Lawes says (see State New Jersey Agricultural Report, 1885): "Surprise is oftLen expressed at the much higher prices which English farmers pay for linseed and cotton cake or meal as compared with corn, but the reason is to be found in the much higher manure value of the meal. I have of ten wondered at the high prices which the United States farmer appears willing to pay for nitro gen in arti ical manures, when he might obtain Lhes manures at a much lower cost by simply feeding cotton seed cake or meal. The nitrogen can taned in these goods, with the excep tion of the small amount retained by the animal, passes into the excrements in the form of organic compounds of nitrogen. These compounds nitrify in the soil with very different degrees of rapidity. A certain portion of those found in the urine nitrify very readily while some of those in the solid excrements may remain for sev eral years in the soil. Experience has shown that when these foods are used upon a poor soil for the first time their effect is not at first what it be comes later on when they have been in use for a fe w years. Tuis is due to the slow decay of some of the com pounds. A crop grown by the eighth application of meal may in part be grown by small portions of the meal used in each of the previous seven ap plications. The ultimate decay of or o-anic substances in the soil must de send therefore, upon a great variety of circumstances. and our own expert mnents at Ro..hmasted supply numer ous instances of the very long perioa which may elapse before some man ures cease to produce an effect upon the crop to which they have been ap pled" FATT ENING THE STOCK. How t I acreaos the incorme of Lonsi'sha Farmer-'. The foilowinz address was delivered by Prof. D. N. Barron, before the Louisiana State Agricultural society at Lafavette. La., Jan. 23, 1896: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentle men-The .ubject of "The Fatteaing of Stock as an Adjanet to the Income of Louisiana Farmers~ is one in which I take areat interest. It has grown to be quite the custom for oil mills and wealthy individuals to purchase each fall a number of cattle and fatten them for the market But this is only done by wealthy parties, and the ideat seems somehat to prevail that it is onlv profitable wslu done on a large scale. My obsCrvatior.s are. that not only is this supposition errooeous, but, on thce contrary, the oil mili or individual who fattens on a large scale is able to reap a much smaller profit than he who feeds a few head on his farm. The reason for this fact, I trust, will be apparent before [have finished this naper. Last August it was my privi lege to read a paper before the North Louisiana Agricultural association, at its annual campmeeting fair, cn "The Possibilities of L-uisiana as a Stock Raiser," and althoueh fairly familiar with her resources, I was astonished at the overwhelming evidence of the ca pabilities of our beloved State to pro duce food for its stock. If we can only convince ourselves of the fact that there is not a square foot of soil in this State that is not able to contri bute largely to the feeding of stock, the day will not be far distant when the immense stock-raising of the west will be things of the past and Louisi ana, instead of Texas-New Orleans instead of Chicago-will be the great est raiders and packers of meat in the world. But my mission here today is not to convince you that our land is adapted to the raising of stock, but to show how the fattening of cattle can be made to contribute to the farmer's income. Looking around at our brethren in other sections we find that the custom of fattening a few head of cattle each fall is no new thing, either to our cousins of the west and Ne w England, or the agriculturists of Europe. The English farmer strives to raise all the rough feed lie can, In the fall he buys a lot of American cattle, buys our oil cake and, taking all home, set tles down to put flesh on American cattle with American cake and Ea glish roughness. When his sale is made, after footing accounts, he fre quently finds that the additional flesh has only paid him the cost of his cat tle and their feed, yet he is well satis Bed, for he considers that he has made ample profit in the increased size and value of his manure heap. I know no better way of illustrating the profits to be derived from fatten ing c9ttle than to call your attention to the results obtained in the State ex periment'station at Baton Rouge dur ing the lost two years. In order to test this very question the station has for the last two years fed small herds of cattle on a ration of cotton seed meal, cotton seed hulls and centrifu gal molasses. The animals selected for the test were chosen for their un fitness for fattening. They were scrubs whose day of usefulness as work oxen had long since departed, it being ar gued that if anything could be done with this class of animals, then there was no doubt of a profit to the man who would select his animals. With out going into details, here is the fi nancial statement. FOR 1S94. To purchase of six animals (4,642 pounds) at 1i cents.............$81 2:3 To 11.821.5 pounds food, at 43 cents per c wt..... 53 05 Total cost of animals at ' time of sale.........134 28 By sale of six animals (5,585 pounds) at 4 ets. $167 55 Profits............ 32 27 Or 24 per cent- on the money invest ed in six week. These results were obtained with meal at $20, and hulls at $5 per ton, and molasses at 12 cents a gallon. The next year's results were even more favorable: To purchase of five ani mals (3,320 pounds) at 1-cents............. $58 10 Cost of feeding same for six weeks........... 28 72 Total cost of animals at sale............... $86 82 By sale of 4,402 pounds of beef at 3.15 cents... $1:33 75 Profits...........$51 93 , Or 50 per cent. The excess in this in stance is due to several causes. First of these is that '.he meal used cost only $14.00 a ton, and the animals sold for .15 of a cent higher. The second rea son is that the animals were of a somewhat better class than those in the finst lot, and laid on flesh more rapi:lly, making an average gain of ?i13 pounds each, against 157. - This is the point at whicu th mill and speculators are obliged to stop counting their profits, but a farmer who knows his business has a further source of revenue unaccounted for in the above figures. In the year book for 1884, published by the United States department of agriculture, it is estimated that the manure of a well fed ox of 1,000 pounds is worth $29.27 per year. The animals in the above experiment would average about 800 pounds, hence their manure for the six weeks was worth the first year $t7, and the second year $14. This would give a profit to the farmer of $50 27 in the first and $05 in the second experi ment. The figures given above are the re sults of actual trials.- The food and ::attle were bought at mar-ket prices, and the cattle were sold for what they would bring. They never were choice animals, but to show what improve ment they -made, it is sufficient to state that in several instances they were repurchased at the advanced price by the parties who sold them to us. But it is to the latter part of our esti mate that we should direct our great est attention, for it is the value of the manure that should constitute the rai son d'etre to the farmer; and by the proper utilization of which he can practics more true economy than in any other way. With virgin soil of lmost inexhaustible fertility we con tinued to raise our crops for years without returning anything to the soil. We have been like the poor man, who, suddenly acquiring a for tune, scatters his money broadcas t, forgetful that, though large. he is spending his capital. Like him, we have suddenly awakened to a realiza tion of this fact when our capital is almost gone. This is proven by the steady increase in the sales of com mercial fertilizers. But attempting to replenish our capital in this way is like attempting to fill a barrel through rthe bung while the spigot is open We must first stop this waste. Where! is it? Every ton of hay we sell from our farms contains thirty eight pounds' of fertilhzer that it will cost us $1 to $5 to replace. Every ton of corn 38 pounds, wortii $.50. Every ton or oats .43 pounds, worth $7.50. A 500-pound baie of :otton in the lint 51 pounds, worthi $34, and 1,000 pounds of seed 53 pounds, worth $5. 50. How are we to stop this waste? The Almighty has given ns a machiner, be tt ue ofI which this can be done and yet a profn. made on the machine itself. Live stock of the farm are so constitute:d t are able to convert roughnes; in t a fine nanue. A sbtance 'hich is not only as good a fertiizer afttr pass'in through an animal, cou La; icgall the elementsof plant food it originally contained. but is ae.ually improved by this process, for its con stituents are thereby rendered much more easily available to plants. Tne elements utilized by the animals are largely carbohydrates and fat and not phosphoric acid and potash, for which we pay in commercial fertilizers. The animal also uses nitrogen. But for every article so extracted from the food, a corresponding amount is re leasEd from the body. Hence whe-her we sell our farm products or, atter feeding them to our animals, faii to tike proper care of their manures, our farms are just that much poorer. But some one asks, how s-Al we care for the nanurt? In ordr- to bet ter am wer this question, let us frst inquire what manure is, and how it is formed. The object of adding manure of a'iy kind to a soil is either to supoly a natural deficiency of that soil in the elements of plant food, to return what we have taken from it. or to increase its fertility. A manure must, there fore, contain these elements of plant food. While the substances ne.essa ry to supply plant food are numtrous, fortunately for us, they nearly all ex ist in nature in such aoundance that they are practicadly inexhaustible from any soil. Nitrogen, ohosphoric acid and potash, however, form nota ble exceptions to this rule; hence the chief object in manuring is to supply these, aad no substance is of any val ue as a manure unless it contains some or all of these elements. When ani mals take food into their stomachs they extract therefrom, more or less completely, nitrogen, c. ebohydiates and fat-the latter two of no use as plant food. Tne medium by which these substances are held in the plant and the undigested portions of the plant, then pass on and are voided from the body. The nitrogen is taken into the animai in the form of albumi noids In a mature animal, at rest, the only use of food is to get material to supply heat-supplied by fat and carbohydrates -and to replace the tis sue worn out in performing the vital functions. Tnis last is supplied by aL buminoids. But, as stated above, for every part cf albuminoids so used, a corresponding aaount already con tained in the body is split up into its constituents of nitrogen, carbon, hy drogen, etc., and escapes from the ani mal in the liquid excrements.It is thus seen that while the solid excrements are the refuse from the food, the li quid contains the worn-out portion of the body, and the two together, in the case of the mature animal, contain a! the elements of the piant food con tained in the original plant. L has been found by repeated trials that tLe amount of albuminoids taken up by the body is dependent largely upon the supply in the food. Feei an ani mal on a highly nitrogenous fodder and the resultant manure will be rich in that substance. Hence the value of manure depends largely upon the food of the animal. In chemical composi tion, for manure, the plant has been practically unchanged in its passage through the animal. But while in the form of food it would have required many months for its cnstituenats to become available to plants in the form of manure, its constituents have been converted into an easily soluble, rapidly fermentable medium of plant food. C. Frrz~iaross, Manager Southern Cotton Oil Co., Columbia, S. C. Decided Uinconstituional. WAsHisGroN, D. 0., Jan. 18.-The supreme court of the United States, has decided a portion of the South Carolina dispensary law unconstitu tional. The portion of the law decid ed tobe unconstitutional is the section relating to the importation of'liquor for private consumption. It is tneld that the section is in violation of the interstate commerce law. The decis ion is rendered on appeal of the state from a decision rendered in the lower courts. The opinion of J udge Simon ton of the circilit court and of the cir cuit court of appeals, is confirmed and~ the state loses its case. It will be re membered that shortly after the dis pensary law went into effect in July 193, James Donald, of Georgeto wn, suffered the loss by seizure of a bar rel of beer which had 'been ordered from outside of the state. Mr. Bryan reresenting Donald carried the case into the United States circuit court, and after elaborate arguments on both sides, Judge Simonton decided that the citizens of the United States had the right to order liquor f ar their personal use and that all seizures by the constables would be a clear viola tion of the interstate commerce laws. The state appealed and tne case went to the circjit cour: of appeals where the :ate reczived another set uack. Still another appeal was taken, this time to the supreme court of the Unit ed States, the result of which is an nounced above. A strange Case. PENsACOLA. Fla., Jan.1i0 -An un usual incident occurred in the Circuit Court here to-day. Colyer Hall, an aged and higly respected citizen of Mobile, who was arrested last summer for a murder in this county t wenty tie years ago and released on a boad of $i,000, was in court to answer to the charge. His case was set for trial on the S:n o February and he left tiie court ro-om. in the meantime the grand jury had comie iun court and dled a ne w iodictmnent A: -,nti for murder,it being held -oy tae S~ate's attorn'ey that the old indictuaeat is de fctive. Hall was immediatril ske a into custody by the sheritf an: c: mitted to jail. The strange, part of the case is that nearly e rer., siv ness to the crime of a quarter- of century ago is alive and appea-ed be fore the grand jury. ATLisn, Jan. 19.--A n express package containing $1,000 was stolen on daturday fr.'m a Southern Express' car on a branch of the Georgia rail road bet ween Winder and Social Cir le. Tne nack-age wJ. e-iopedl by the Bank of Winder to ta . ,ry Ban' ing company here. M g'ient at Winder gave the parkage a A. I. Butts, the express ageat, an - iok his receipt. Batts says that he p.2~- the package in his c ar and did no. *ist it until he reached Social (Ircle, ta :z he reported its loss to t be c >nductor. A message was seat to theex .ren s'Ip. inteade-at ner:: anda h t-i.:enaJ have iBut:s arrested. Bats v.t arrest ed, but he declares that he does not kno w what beca:ne of the m onty. l1e is 21 years of age. Will Isolate for Uonsumaption. NEw YcRK, Jan. 2L.-Tu health board passed an anendments to the sanitary ecde declaring pulmonary tuberculosis to be an infec ios and conmunicatable disease, ad requiring physicians to report all eases comingP. under their observation. The board nroposes to treat consumo tion in the samne msnner as caszs of ditheria and other contagious diseas es of a mild nature. Isolation will be ordered if the circumstances require Absolutely Pure. A cream of tartar baking powder Highest of all in leaveninz strength. -Latest United States Governnwnf Food Report. ROYAL BAKING POWDER Co., Ne w York. THE STATE'S FINANCES. N TERESTIN3 FiGURES FOR TAXPAY ERS TO PONDER. Caah Baua1ance Shown at th E ad of Last Year. Bat laterest Hava Been Wide Dar ing the Prcsent 3onth--Th3 Secelpts and Expenditures. The following- are some extracts from the S:ate Treasurer's report: Sir: I have the honor to present herewith my report for the fourteen months commencing November 1, 1695, and ending December 31, 1896. The drawing of checks for payment of interest on the State stocks com merceA, under the requirements of the lw, on the 221 ultimu and continued during December and the present month, tozether with the payment of coopons due the 1;t, and of warrants anrdother demands for the month of December, 18916. Some delay in the work of the o11:e during Dec ember and January has been occasined ne cessarily by attendance upon the Legislative Committee appointed to examine the accounts of the Treasury. The recent change in the Dispen sary law has also imposed heavy addi tional work upon the office. It will be seen that the receipts from the County Dispensers from Novemoer 1, 1895, to December 31, 1896, have amounted tW $L,555,721.61, and I have issued checis in payment of a miss of warraats drawn upon ma by tn Board of Control, amounting to St, 547,307.65. As the current business of the office has taus been going on can tinuously during the last month, up to its very close and after, it was witn difficulty that the balancing of our ac counts and the preparation c: tae an nual statements could be effected. Under the circumstances, I have been compelled, with regret, to omit tme usual synopses, to forego some suggestions as to the proper orgaazh tion of the Treasury office, and to sub mit without fartuer remnars; state ment showing the results of transic tions since my last report and to December 31, 1896. RECEIPTS. The receipts were as follo v from va rious sources: Taxes,$1, 136,226.61 ;phosphate royal ty, to general account, $4,158S.92; phos p ante royalty, to Sinking Fund for re duction, $58,629.04. insurance license- - fees, $10,625 ;ra11road assessments, $7, 109.10; fees of office of Seci-etary of State, $1,349.32; privilege fertilizer tax, $54, 524.37; Niorrill fund, $22,000;. Clemson bequest casti, $258.79; Djwa er fund, cash, $653.36; eschieated prop erty, cash, $7219. State permanens school fuand, cash, $21,387.62; Com missioners' Sinking Fund, $3,343 75; Sinking Fund for reductiona&:, $1d, 163.38; Dispensary, S3outh Carolina, from Dis sensers, e 1,555,724.61; !tutaat Protectio'n Associaton, certificate fee's, $30; fees incorpor ation, $90; sales Can - stitution, $128; loans, general account, $00,000; loan, Constitutionial Con venton, December,g1895, $30,000:. Amounts refunded-Lttigation, At torney General, 5259,91: Constitutiou at Convention accounts-- $194.15; pensions, $136.10, Ciadin UJitege, 57U8 94; Smate o: south Carolina fromn Dispensary S. C., paid to State ?ress urer on general account, .a trains-er - from receipts oa Dispensary a::count, $150,000; making a total of '$3,l78. 734 L91. EXPENI )TURES. Tae total expenditures, incladia; interest, were 3,070,3J9 .4:, aeans as a cash bAance, DeceniOer 31, 1836, ot $3$0,421A9. Ausiong tne cflief iteas of exense were the fodovviag: salaries, $l92,25J.50; Uariagenti funds-3Gavernor, $1,963 72; S:e:e-ar / t tate, $175; Comptronier t3i:a, $2903 75; mate Treasa?rer, $2J.a; A *r ney General, $116.11; Superta1a i-:n. t .diauan 475; Aij1j.u'; .ami t - spector General, Stod; csee L o0:i: n, $U13; mat::Has::Keeper $Jd 77; Si preme Goact, $35L; R uiraI CL>.ans son, $500; eivia conuingea Iu iI, $650; Sapprt fasital Lor le ta : $8, 000; $ou La Caroitna iutarj Ae ey, $21,000); D.:af, LDamo aiua 152.aa sylum, $l1,33; Cata~oa luctsus, $33; Clemson &gri'.uttur4t Cudege, 7,172.91: elia~uop N >rn a suai oilege, or Ujioredi N..ecii, lad ae i Agricaltural anacl cnae at c -n -ge, $2.4412 72; pa oi:e p Ia tug, f'', 37.7; prinuing f or oli:::~ of neric xr Gcneral, $2J2.75; o0.)s, b a-'i&, o., Lo County Auoinars au L:as: ers, $3,23)J.53; tauiis, p ieaue ).. 5 a, $I31.40; litugation, Atturney Gaxaeral 3137.02; expenlse 0o210 -iAt aau' a'at Lsctor 3-cuer-ii SW: re aid tax. s, $1, u62; Cjammisioneri di: .:ag F aau, nd aciount, 83U0.34t 0: Ds.pasary ouw. Caroiina,Rgutarpaymea~t,SL, :I,07.6t5:transferstogeLner.s accounL, 15,00; coogs$Lupreme ..ari, $559. 05; examining nooks ;G Ju ty Au mcrs ad Treasurer-s, $474. 95; coa nutssiou r and mianagers eieston Coiasuitu ionnal Convenucn, $.4')J.6->; dis~rio unig l.eised Stacutes, Soc tA; &at.~ peraueent schiool f and, $23,074 70: n:pas2teC c~amssiou expuses, $2, 315.54; clai.m5 paisse, 1830, $.23).95; epairs Deaf, Da~t and Buad Asy lum, $l,800: maiatainmng mtilaa~ , o 000; water to: ptlouc bauldtags, $2, JO: legal serniees registrau~a ene~s, t,25J; refunding coct Atlaata Espa aion 3,00 J; Confe.erate roils, add ional work, 8 L,UJ0. The Explosion Kiletd T walve. SAN FRisciso, Cal., Jan. 19.-One of the boilers of the French steamer Saghaien expLcdA dwaile .the vessel vas off the Caiiuese c~ast oa Decem e 2, bound fram Siagapore for Hong Kong. Eleven ,>: tiie s:.osers and one > the enginers- were kuled~ by tne ne~a chief st i: was so badig 1i03 ic tii ied :e.v h~ ours after.vards. ur I.r -e addtu1- ext day, .sai o the- uard. ?.e vessel crwe wi'h passengers and for