Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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SPIRIT OF THE PRES. REV. DR. TALMAGE FINDS TWO UNIQUE TEXTS. And Preaches a Broadi sermou on the Di. vine :lisiou of Newspapers--Ie says They Are the Most Fotent Vehicles of Knowledge of the Age. WASIsGTux, March 22.- ewspa per row, as it is called here in WNash ington, the long row of otlices con. nected with prominent journals throughout the land, pays so much at tention to Dr. Tahnage they may be glad to hear what he thinks of them while he discusses a subject in which the whole country is interested, His texts today were, "And the wheels were full of eyes" (Ezekiel x, 12), "For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else but either to tell or to hear some new thing." (Acts xvii, 21). What is a preacher to do when he finds two texts equally good and sug gstive? In that perplexity I take th. Wheels full of eyes? What but the wheels of a newspaper print ing press? Other wheels are blind. They roll on, pulling or crushing. The manufacturer's wheel-how it grinds the operator with fatigues and rolls over nerve and muscle and bone and heart, not knowing what it does. The sewing machine wheel sees not the aches and pains fastened to it tighter than the band that moves it, sharper than the needle which it plies. Every moment of every hour of every day of every month of every year there are hundreds of thousands of wheels of mechanism, wheels of en terprise, wheels of hard work, in mo tion, but they are eyeless. Not so the wheels of the printing press. Their entire business is to look and report. They are full of optic nerves, from axle to periphery. They are like those spoken of by Ezekiel as full of eyes. Sharp eyes, nearsighted, farsighted. They look up. They look down. They look far away. They take in the next street and the next hemisphere. Eyes of criticism, eyes of investigation, eyes that twinkle with mirth, eyes glower ing with indignation, eyes tender with love, eyes of suspicion, eyes of hope, blue eyes, black eyes, green eyes. holy eyes, evil eyes sore eyes, political eyes, literary eyes, historical eyes, re ligious eyes, eyes that see everything. "And the wheels were were full of eyes." But in my second text is the world's cry for the newspaper. Paul describes a class of people in Athens who spent their time either in gather ing the news or telling it. Why es pecially in Athens? Because the more mitelligent people become the more inquisitive they are-not about small things, but great things. The question thea most frequently is the question now most frequently asked, What is the news? To answer that cry in the text for the newspaper the centuries have put their wits to work. China firse succeeded and has at Peking a newspaper that has been printed every week for 1,000 years, printed on silk. Rome succeeded by publishing The Acta )iurna, in the same column putting fires, murders, mairiages and tempests. France suc ceeded by a physician writing out the news of the day for his patients. Eng gland succeeded under Queen Eliza bth in first publishing the news of the Spanish armada and going on un til she had enough enterprise, when the battle of Waterloo was fought, de ciding the destiny of Europe, to give it one-third of a column in the London Morning Chronicle, about as much as the newspaper of our day gives of a small fire. America succeeded by Benjamin Harris' first weekly paper called Public Occurrences, published in Boston in 1690, and by the first dai ly, The American Advertiser, publish ed in Philadelphia in 1784. The newspaper did not suddenly spring upon the world, but came grad ually. The genealogical line of the . newspaper is this: The Adam of the race was a circular or news letter created by divine impulse in human nature, and the circular begat the pamphlet, and the pamphlet begat the quarterly, and the quarterly begat the weekly, and the weekly begat the semi-weekly, and the semi-weekly be gat the daily. But, alas, by what a struggle it came to its present develop ment! No sooner had its power been demonstrated than tyranny and super stition shackled it. There is nothtng that despotism so fears and hates as a printing press. It has too many eyes in its wheel. A great writer declared that the king of Naples made it unsafe for him to write of anything- but nat ural history. Austria could not en dure Kossuth's journalistic pen plead in for the redemption of Hungary. Napoleon I, trying to keep his iron heel on the necks of nations, said, "Editors are the regents of sovereigns and the tutors of nations and are only fit for prison." But the battle for the freedom of the press was fought in the courtrooms of England and America and decided before this century began by Hamilton's eloquent plea for J. Peter Zenger's Gazette in America and Erksine's advocacy of the freedom of publication in England. These were the Marahton and Thermopyhe in which the freedom of the press was es tablished in the United States and Great Britain, and all the powers of earth and hell will never again be able to put on the handcuffs and hopples of literary and political despotism. It is notable that Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the Declaration of American Independence, wrote also, "If I had to choose between a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should prefer the lat ter." Stung by some base fabrication coming to us in print, we come to write or speak of the unbridled print ing press, or, our new book ground un by an unjust critic, we come to write or speak of the unfairness of the printing press, or perhaps through our own indistinctness of utterance we are reported as saying just the opposite of -what we did say, and there is a small riot of semicolons, hyphens and comn mas, and we come to speak or write of the blundering press, or, seeing a pa per filled with divorce cases or social scandal, we speair and write of the filthy press, or, seeing a journal through bribery wheel round from one political side to the other in one night, we speak of the corrupt printing- press and many talk about the lampoonery, and the empiricism, and the sans cu lottism of the printing press. But I discourse now on a sub ject you have never heard-the immeasurable and everlasting bless ing of a good newspaper. Thank God for the wheel full of eyes: Thank God that we do not have, like the Athenians, to go about to gather up and relate the tidmngs of the day, since the omnivorous newspaper does both for us. The grandest temporal bless ing that God has given to the nine teenth century is the newspaper. We -would have better appreciation of this blessing if we knew the money, the brain, the losses, the exasnerations, the anxieties, the wear anAt tear of heartstrings involved in the produc tion of a good newspaper- lUnder the impression that almost anybody can make a newspaper, scores of inexperi encedi capitalists every year enter the the lists, and consequently during the imsa few yars newspaper has died al most every day. Tu disease is epi demic. The larger papers swallow the the smaller ones, the whole taking down .0 minnows at one swallow. 'With more than 7,000 dailies and weeklies in the United States and Canada. there are but 39 a half cen tury old. Newspapers do not average more than five years's existence. The most of them die of cholera infantum. It is high time that the people found out that the most successful way to sink money and keep it sunk is to start a newspaper. There comes a time when almost every one is smitten with the newspaper mania and starts one. or have stock in one he must or die. The course of procedure is about this: A literary man has an agricul tural or scientific or political or religi ous idea which he wants to ventilate. He has no moner of his own-literary men seldom have-but he talks of his ideas among confidential friends un til they become inflamed with the idea and forthwith they buy type and press and rent composing room and gather a corps of editors, and with a pros pectus that proposes to cure everything the first copy is clung on the attention of an admiring world. After awhile one of the plain stockholders finds that no great revolution has been ef fected by this daily or weekly publica tion: that neither sun nor moon stands still; that the world goes on lying and cheating and stealing just as it did be fore the first issue- The aforesaid matter of fact stockholder wants to sell out his stock, but nobody wants to buy, and other stockholders get in fected and sick of newspaperdom, and an enormous bill at the paper factory rolls into an avalanche, and the prin ters refuse to work until back wages are paid up, and the compositor bows to the managing editor and the manag ing editor bows to the editors in chief, and the editor in chief bows to direc tors, and the diretors bow to the world at large, and all the subscribers won der why their papers dosen't come. The world will have to learn that a newspaper is as much of an institu tion as the Bank of England or Yale college and is not and enterprise. If you have the aforesaid agricultural or religious or political idea to ventilate, you had better charge upon the world through the columns already estab lished. It is folly for any one who cannot succeed at anything else to try newspaperdom. If you cannot climb the hill back of your house, it is folly to try the sides of the Matterhorn. To publish a newspaper requires the skill, the precision, the boldness, the vigilance, the strategy of a comman der in chief. To edit a newspaper re quires that one be a statesman, an es sayist, a geographer, a statistician and in acquisition, encyclopediac. To man, to govern, to propel a newspa per until it shall be a fixed institution, a national fact, demands more quali ties than any business on earth. If you feel like starting any newspaper, secular or religious, understand that you are being threatened with soften ing of the brain or lunacy, and throw ing your pocketbook into your wife's lap start for some insane asylum before you do something desperate. Mean while as the dead newspapers week af ter week are carried out to burial all the living newspapers give respectful obituary. telling when they were born and when they died. The best prin ters' ink should give at least onestick ful of epitaph. If it was a good paper, say, "Peace to its ashes." If it was a bad paper, I suggest the epitaph writ ten for Francis Chartreuse: "Here continueth to rot the body of Francis Chartrense, who, with an in flexible constancy and uniformi ty of life, persisted in the prac tice of every numan vice except ing prodigality and hypocrisy. His insatiable avarice exempted him from the first, his matchless impudence from the second." I say this because I want you to know that a good, heal thy, long lived, entertaining ne wspa per is not an easy blessing, but one that comes to us through the fire. First of all, newspapers make know ledge democratic and for the muliti tude. The public library is a haymow so high up that few can reach it, while the newspaper thr~ows down the for age toour feet. Public libraries are the reservoirs where the great floods are stored high up and away off. The newspaper is the tunnel, that brings them down to the pitchers of all the people. The chief use of great libra ries is to make newspapers out of. G-reat libraries make a few men and women very wise.- Newspapers lift whole nations into the sunlight. Bet ter have 50,000,000 people moderately intelligent than 100,000 solons. A false impession is abroad that newspaper knowledge is ephemeral because periodicals are thrown aside, and not one out of 10,000 people files them for future reference- Such knowledge, so far from being ephem eral, goes into the very structulre of the world's heart and brain and decides the destiny of churches and nations. Enowledge on the shelf is of little worth. It is knowledge afoot, know ledge harnessed, knowledge revolu tion, knowledge winged, knowledge projected, knowledge thunderbolted. So far from being ephemeral, nearly all the best minds and hearts have their hands on the printing press to lay and have since it got emancipated Adams and Hancock and Otis used to go to the Boston Gazette and compose articles on the rights of the people. Benjamin Franklin, De Witt Clinton, aamilton, Jefferson, Quincy, were strong in newspaperdom. Many of the immortal things that have been published in a book form first appeared in what you may call the ephemeral periodical. All Macaulay's essays first appeared in a review. All Carlyle's, all Ruskin's, all McIntosh's, all Syd ney Smith's, all Hazlitt's, all Thack eray's, all the elevated works of fic tion in our day, are reprints from periodicais in which they appeared as serials. Tennyson's poems, Burns' poems, Longfellow's poems, Emer son's poems, Lowell's poems, Whit tier's poems, were once fugitive pieces. You cannot find ten literary men in Christendom with strong minds and great hearts but are or have been somehow connected with newspaper printing press. While the book will always have its place, the newspaper is more potent. Because the latter is multitudinous do not conclude it is necessarily superficial. If a man should from childhood to old age see :ly his Bible, Webster's Dictionary and his newspaper, he could be pre pared for all the duties of this life and all the happiness of the next. Again, a good newspaper is a useful mirror of life as it is. It is sometimes :omplained that newspapers report the evil when they ought only to report Lhe good. They must report the evil as well as the good, or how shall we know what is to be reformed, what ruarded against, what fought down? A newspaper that pictures only the bonesty and virtue of society is a mis epresentation. That family is best pepared for the duties of life which. knowing the e'.il, is taught to select the good. Keep children under the impression that all is fair and right in the world, and when they go out into it they will be as poorly prepared to struggle with it as a child who is thrown into the middle of the Atlan tic and told to learn how to swim.Our only complaint is when sin is made attractive and morality dull, when vice is painted with great headings and good deeds are put in obscure corners, righteousness in noup.;reil. Sia is loathsome: make it loathsone. Vir tue is beautiful: make it beautiful. It would work a vast improvement if all our papers-religious, political, literary-should for the most part drop their impersonality. This would do better justice to newspaper writers. Many of the strongest and best writers of the country live and die unknown and are denied their just fame. The vast public never learns who they are. Most of them are on comparative small income. and after awhile their haud forgets its cunning. and they are with out resources. left to die. Why not at least have his initial attached to his most important work"? It always gave additional force to an article when you occasionally saw added to some iig niticant article in the old New York Courier and Enquirer J. W. W., or in The Tribune H. G., or in The Herald J. G. B., or in The Times II. J. R., or in The Evening Post V. C. B., or in The Evening Express E. B. While this arrangemegt would be a fair and just thing for newspaper writ ers it would be a defense for the public. it is sometimes true that things dam aging to private character are said. Who is responsible? It is the "we" of the editorial or reportorial columns. Every man in every profession or oc cupation ought to be responsible for what he does. No honorable man would ever write that which he would be afraid to sign. But thousands of persons have suffered from the imper sonality newspapers. What can one private citizen wronged in his reputa tion do in a contest with misrepresen tation multiplied into 2u,O0U or 50,000 copies? An injustice done in print is illimitably worse than an injustice done in private life. During loss of temper a man may say that for which he will be sorry in ten minutes, but a newspaper iojustice has first to be written, set up in type, then the proof taken off and read and corrected, and then for six or ten hours the presses are busy running off the issue. Plen ty of time to correct: plenty of time to cool off: plenty of time, to repent. But all that is hidden in the imp-:son ality of a newspaper. It will be a long step forward when all is changed and newspaper writers get credit for the good and are held responsible for the evil. Another step forward for newspa perdom will be when in our colleges and universities we open opportunities for preparing candidates for the edito rial chair. We have in such institu tions medical departments, law de partments. Why not editorial depart ments: Do the legal and healing pro fessions demand more culture and careful training than the editorial or reportorial professions? I know men may tumble by what seems accident into a newspaper office as they may tumble into other occupations, but it would be an incalculable advantage if those proposing a newspaper life had an institution to which they might go to learn the qualifications, the respon sibilities, the trials, the temptations, the dangers, the magnificent opportu nities of newspaper life. Let there be a lectureship in which there shall ap pear the leading editors of the United States telling the story of their strug gles, their victories, their mistakes, how they worked and what they found out to be the best way of working. There will be men who will climb up without such aid into editorial pow er and efficiency. So do men climb up to success in other branches by sheer grit. But if we want learned institutions to make lawyers and ar tists and doctors and ministers we much more need learned institutions to make editors, who occupy a pos' tion of influence a hundredfold great er. I do not put the truth too strong ly when I say the most potent influ ence for good on earth is a good editor. and the most potent influence for evil is a bad one. The best way to re-en force and improve the newspaper is to endow editorial professorates. When will Princeton or Harvard or Yale or Rochester lead the way? Another blessing of the ne wspaneti is the foundation it lays fer accurate history of the time itr which we live. We for the most part blindly guess about the ages that a itedate the news paper and are depent~.ent upon the pre judices of this or tbat historian. But after 100 or 200 years what a splendid opportunity the historian will have to teach the peo ple the lesson of this day. Our Bancrof ts got from the early news papers of th is country, from the Bos ton News-Letter, the New York Ga ette and The American Rag Bag and Royal Gazetteer and Independent Chronicle and Massachusetts Spy and the Philadelphia Auorra accounts of Perry's victory and Hamilton's duel and Washington's death and Boston massacre and the oppressive foreign ax on luxuries which turned Boston harbor into a teapot and Paul Revere's midnight ride and Rhode Island re bellion and South Carolina nulli fication. But what a field for the hronicler of the great future when he opens the files of 100 standard Ameri an newspapers, giving the minutite of all things occurring under the so ial, political, ecclesiastical. i nterna ional headings: Five hundred years from now, if the world lasts so long, the student looking for stirring, deci sive history will pass by the misty cor idors of other centuries and say to the libraries, "Find me the volumes that ive the century ini which the American p:esidents were assassinat d, the civil war enacted, and the cot on gin, the steam locomotive and tele raph and electric pen and telephone and cylinder presses were invented.'' Once more I remark that a good ewspaper is a blessing as an evange listic influence. You know there is a great change in our day taking place. All the secular newspapers of the day -for I am not speaking now of the religious newspapers-all the secular ewspapers of the day discuss all the uestion of God, eternity and the dead and all the questiions of the past, pres ent and future. .There is not a single octrine of theology but has been dis ussed in the last ten years by the secu ar newspapers of the countr-y. They ather up all the news of all the earth aring on religious subjects, and then hey scatter the ne ws abroad again. The Christiati newspaper will be the right wing ot the apocalytic angel. he cylinder of the Christianized print ng press will be the front wheel of he Lord's chariot. I take the music f this day, and I do not mark it di inuendo; 1 mark it crescendo. A1 astor on a Sabbath preaches to a few undred or a few thousand people, and n MIonday or during the week the rinting press will take the same ser non and preach it to millions of peo le. God speed the printing press: 3rod save the printing press: God hristianize the printing press. Jesus shalt reign where'er the sun lDoes his successive journey ru,, His kingdomu stretch from shore to shiore T1'il suus sha'l rise and set no more. An Unisual suit. ST. PAUL, MIinn., MIarch 2:.-3Miss Kitty 1-. Smith has filed a very un-( sual claim against the e:;tate of Al-1 fred J. 111ll, who died Last June and whose estate is now undergoing pro ate in the county. MIiss Smith was he fiance of 1Hi11 and bases her clainms n that fact, demanding 82n0 foi- ex enses incurred in preparation for inarriage. 81,0(00 for resign ing her posi tion before marriage and 82.000 said a to have been promised by llill in con sideration of the marriage. The es- I te is vae at #5,000 !THE EXTINCTION OF ARMENIA. Survivors of 31auacro Face Inevitable Starvation in Desolated Home.. B ~T )N, Marci 28.-Under the title 'Armenia's Farewell," a highly edu cated. a prominent and influential Ar menian in Turkey has written a docu ment declaring that the extinction of his race is not far distant. Following are some abstracts from a translation sent here by the author: "We are evidently a doomed people. A hundred thousand of us have been butchered and more than a million of us are in extreme sutiering f'om hun ger and cold and nakedness. "Multitudes beyond the reach of for eign aid must inevitably perish before spring. "As to the rest of us, our supplies of food and money are rapid'y diminish ing. We can prosecute no business, we are not at liberty to earn our daily bread and for even the most fortunate the future has the only prospect of starvation a little later than our poor brethren. "We hear the announcement that order and peace are being restored,but to us these are empty words. "The terrible and wholesale massa cre at Oorfa and Bird jik occurred long subseqent to the most solemn and em phatic assurances that nothing more of the kind was to be apprehended long after the commission sent out from Constantinople to carry the mes sage of peace and reform to Armenia had reached its field of labor. "'Massacres are not now so frequent as they were a few months ago, but the attitude of relentless hostility on the part of the government towards us, the ferocious aspect of our Moslem neighbors, has not n whit improved. "May we not then rightfully offer our farewell message to our fellow men? "First-To our Moslem fellow coun trymen: "We desire to express our deepest gratitude to those of you who have sympathized with and helped us in these days of calamity and bloodshed. "Towards those who have robbed and massacred us and plundered and burned our houses. we have chiefly feelings of compassion. You have per haps done these terrible things in what has seemed to you the service of your religion and government. Second-To our Sultan-most dread and potent Sovereign: "Apparently - you have been per suaded that we are-a rebellious people deserving only utter and speedy ex termination. For such as you this work of destruction is no doubt an easy one, the more so as we have had neither the means nor the disposition to resist it. "Third-Tothe European Powers: "We have not been an importunate nor a turbulent people. We did not incite the Crimean War, nor any of the subsequent wars which have stricken this empire. It is not of our will that we were begotten to a new political life by the treaty of 1856. "Our complaints and-appeals have been based solely on the sentiment of humanity and the common rights of man. It was you who arranged the 'scheme of reforms' and urged it upon our Sultan till he was irritated to the extent that he seems to have adopted the plan of ridding himself finally of this annoyance by exterminating us as a people, and now, while he is re lentlessly carrying out this plan, you are standing by as spectators and wit nesses of this bloody work. "We wonder if sympathy and the brotherhood of man and chivalry are wholly things of the past, or are the material and political interests divid ing you so great that the massacre of a whole people is a seccnday thing ? In elther case 'We who are about to die, salute you.' "Fourth-To the Christians of Am erica: "Although we hav~e cherished strong prejudice against your mission work .:nong us. recent events have iroved that our Protestant brethren are one with us and have shared fully our anxieties and our perils. You have labored through them to promote among us the peace and prosperity of the Gospel. It is not your fault that ne result of their teaching and ex ample has been to excite our masters against us. "The Turkish government dreads mnd dislikes nothing so much as .the deas of progress which you have sent Millions of Soldiers. According to a report on the organ zed militia of the United States which 1as just been prepared by the War D~epartment, the United States, in :ase of need, can put 9.467.694 men .n the field. At the close of the year 1S95 every State and Territory, with he exception of Indian Territory and A~laska, had an organized National iuard. The total force of the militia 1umbered 115,669, of which 102,604 :omposed the infantry arm, 5,215 the :avalry, 5,267 the artillery, 659 special :orps and 1.443 general and statf of icers. In many of the States iast rear camps were held, and the atten lance upon these occasions ranged 'rom fifty-five per cent, in Mississippi .o ninety-five per cent, in Vermont. Lhe total appropriation allowed the nilitia by the government amounted1 .o $400,0J00, while the States during he same period spent $2,S34,974 on1 hese organizations. It is estimated hat mobilization of the militia could e effected in the different States and Cerritories in from three hours in the )istrict of Columbia to seventy two iours in Oregon, other S'ate organi :ations assembling between these two >eriods. New York is far in the lead 4 n the number of men enlisted in the Kational Guard, its strength amount-1 ng to 12,90lohicers and enlisted men.1 ?ennsylvania is second, with 8,482; )hio third, with o,493: Illinois, 6,226; south Carolina, 5,711: Massachusetts, i,344: California, 4,36.1, Georgia 4, i55; New Jersey, 3.364; Alabama. 3, .20: Indiana. -3,026, Texas, 3,000; Iichiigan, 2.875, Connecticut, 2,740; Nisconsin, 2.010; Iowa. 2.,399; Mis ouri, 2.G49; Minnesota, 2,0127: Mary and, 1,885: Louisiana. 1,3S:3; Kansas, 1 ..815: Mississipp, 1,6i5; Oregon. 1, 301: District of Columbia, 1,471: Ken ucky, 1,469; North Carolina, 1.40:3; 'ennessee, 1,389: New IHampshire, .3S0: Maine, 1.137: Washiington, 1. 84: Nebraska, 1,1.37; Florida, 1,088, ;tah, 1,003: Rh ode Island, 979; trkansas, 974 Wes ct V irginia, 845; :oorado, s3:~ \ermont, 800: South )akota, 798: Idaho, 535 North Da- 1 :ota. 525: Montana, 510; Arizona,i 00: New Mexico, -170: Wyoming. 450; Cevada, 4:39: Delaware, 427, and Okla- 1 ioma, 15:3. It is estimated that in ne-i essity Illinois could place 852, 625 in hie field: Petnnsylvania comes next,< vith 771.872, and Ohio third, with 50,000t ; New York, 500,o00; Indiana, SI. 192; Kentucky, 861,1:37; NIissouri, 50 ,0010; Massachusetts, 8:39,891; Wis- 1 onsin, 806,:34:;; Texas, 300,00(0; Vir :iia, 295,440; New Jersey. 2S4,887;< ieorgia. 201.0J71: Michigan, 200,)00;t owa, 245,89.1; North Carolina, 240, 10: Mississippi, 228,700; Maryland, o5.S16: Arkansas, 2li5,000, and the re nainder of the States below 201,000< ach. < lUutchiering P'risoners.( II uun, March 26.-The prisoners rho were condemned to death for ther :rime of rebellion against the govern-( nent wei-e shot in the Cabanas fortress ~ jis moniiag THE NEW PENSION LAW. A Document of Considerable Interest to Old Confederates. In view of the great interest mani fested in the new pension law we give it to our readers in full. It is as fol lows: "Section 939. The following per sons, soldiers and sailors, now resi dents of South Carolina, whc were in the service of the State or of the Con federate States in the late war between the States shall be entitled to receive from the Treasurer of the State a monthly payment of eight, or six, or four dollars, to be paid in -the manner an. on the terms and conditions here inafter set forth. "Sec. 940. In order to obtain the benefit of this Chapter, such soldier or sailor must show: First. That he was a bona fide soldier or sailor in the service of the State of South Carolina or of the Confederate States in the war between the States. Second: That while in such service he lost a leg or an arm, or received other bodily injury whereby he has become disabled. Thira.-That neither himself nor his wife is receiving an income exceeding the amount of two hundred and fifty dollars per annum; or that he shall show that he has reached the age of sixty years, and that neither himself nor his wife is receiving an annual in come of one hundred dollars from any source: "Provided, however, That the widows of Confederate soldiers and sailors now residents of this State who have reached the age of sixty years, and who are not receiving or enjoying the benefit of an annual income of one hundred dollars from any source, and the widows of soldiers and sailors as provided in Section 9+54 of the Revised Statutes of 1893 shall be entitled to re ceive the benefits of this Chap ter.-The word 'income,' as above used, shall be held to nclude the gross amount received as wages, salary or f'r-o . any other source. The persons entitled to pensions under the provisions of this Act shall be paid the amounts hereinafter set forth, to wit: a. All soldiers and sailors who have lost both arms or both legs, or sight, or who are physically helpless, the sum of eight (') dollars per month. b. All soldiers and sailors who lost one arm or one leg in said service, the sum of six (G) dollars per month. c. All other persons entitled to pen sions under the provisions of this Act, the sum of four (4) dollars per month. Provided, however, that should the sum provided by law for payment of pensions be found insufficient to pay all pensioners in full the State Board of Pensions shall be empowered to re duce the rates herein provided, and to pro rate the same in such manner as will restrict the total amount disbursed within the amount appropriated: Pro vided, further, That all persons who are included in class a shall first re ceive the full amount therein stated." Sec. 943. The said applications shall be submitted in each county of the State to a Board, composed of two ex-Confederate soldiers or sailors (to be chosen as hereinafter provided), the County Auditor, the County Treasurer and a regular practicing physician (the latter .to be selected by the other members of the Board); and said Board of five persons shall be known as the 'County Examining Board of Pensions.' The said Board shall meet on the third Monday in April in 1896 and on the third Monday in January in each succeeding year for the purpose of considering the ap plications for pensions provided for in this Act. It shall be their duty to ex amine each applicant under rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of State, the Attorney General and Comptroller General, who are hereby created a 'State Board of Pensions,' and they shall certify their approval to said State Board of Pensions, giv ing in detail the reasons which in fluenced them to grant or oppose each application, accompained by all the evidence upon which they made their decision. After first being duly sworn fairly and impartially to discharge the duties herein prescribed for them to the best of their ability, and after said oaths are duly filed in the office of the Clerk of Court. the members of iaid County Examining Board of Pensions shall meet as soon as practi :able for the discharge of the duties im posed upon them. In selecting pensioners from among the applicants the Board shall flave regard to their physical condition and Fnancial means, and also to the finan ~ial condition of their near relatives, illowing to each applicant so selected ~he sum of eight (8), six (6), or four 4) dollars per month, as they may be mtitled under the provisions of this act;. Four members of said board shall constitute a quorum. A majori ;y of the members of the board pres mnt may determine any matter pre -ented to them, subject, however, to :he right of review by the State Board. As soon as such County Board com aletes its list as above, giving the saames of the pensioners, their resi lences and the amount per month to w'hich they are entitled, they shall :ertify the same to the State Board of P~ensionera, to be reviewed by them. ?he State Board of Pensions shall hereupon pass upon the names con ained in said lists, and shall certify to he Clerks of the Courts of the various lounties the lists of the names and tmounts a pproved by them, and said 3lerks of Court shall record the same n a book; and said roll so made up ;hall be designated 'Approved Pen ion Rolls for 18--;' and such per ons shall constitute the pensioners mtitled to receive the aid herein pro rided for the current year. The com" yensation of the two veterans and the >hysicians who are members of said >oard shall be t wo dollars per day for ~ach day's service, nsot exceeding, iowever, four days' service in any me year. The County Auditor and Joanty Treasurer shall serve upon aid Board without compensation." Sec. 950. The State of South Caro ina shall annually appropriate the um of one hundred thousand dollars o pay the pensions provided for by aw. Sec. 5. That the law as contained in ection 951 of the R~e vised Statutes of 8S93 be, and the same is hereby amend d so as to read as follows: "Section 51. On salesday in April, 1896, and nd on salesday in August in each ubsequent year, the surviving soldiers nud sailors who were in the service of he Confederate Sta;tes or of this State n the late war between the States, re iding in any county of this State shall >e authorized to meet in convention a the court house of such county at 1 a. in., or such other hour thereafter mn such days as will procure as large n attendance as may be had, and or ~anize by electing a chairman and a ecretary, after whichi they shall elect ~y ballot two of their members, who hall receive a majority of the ballots ast in such election, as members of he County Examining Board of Pen ions hereinbefore provided for: Pro rided, however, that in those counties rhere such survivors fail or refuse to omply with this Act the State Board ,f Pensions may appoint two ex-Con ederate soldiers or sailors as membersi if said Board.1 Sec. 6. On the first Monday in Ap il in each year after the year 1896' the ] jomptroller General shall issue to the 1 wersons then entitled to receive pen- I upon that subject his warrant fo' thz amount of the proportion of such an nual appropriation as such persons shall be by l9 w entitled to receive. Pensions payable under the provisions of this Act for the year 19G shall be paid at such times as the State B )ard of Pensions may determine, not later than June 15. 1S9G. Sec. 7. That all Acts or parts of Aets which are inconsistet with this Act are hereby repealed. A Youthful Fraud. COLUMIA. S. C., March 27.-The Register of yesterday published the fol lowing: Patrons of the electric cars in the city will remember a young fel low who several weeks ago was in the habit of boarding the cars at Gervais and Main streets, and during the trip to the union station and back, would present people with circulars stating that he was deaf and dumb and wanted money 1o go to an institution to receive an education. He got many a dime, quarter and even dol lars, and he had a pocketbook builging with coin after a few days stay in the city. It now appears that the boy is a fraud, which is shown by the follow ing taken from the Florence Times: Rock Hill, S. C., March 21, 1896: Rev. R. W. Sanders. My Dear Sir: I have just been in formed by several of the best citizens of the county that a young man born and raised near Catawba, S. C., real name Thos. Shook. sallow complexion about 18 years old, is traveling over the assumed name of Thos. Allen, rep resenting himself as a deaf and dumb orphan with a printed certificate re commending him as a charitaole ob ject, signed by yourself, Dr. G. W. Hill of Catawba, and myself. This fraud was in Columbia last week I am told, and received considerable money, I think we should join in a card through the papers and say something regarding him, as I have never seen or heard of him. Hoping to hear from you at once, I am respectfully, CAD J. PRIDE. Florence, S. C., March 23, 1896. Editor Florence Times: My Dear Sir: Having received the above communication with reference to the "fraud" therein mentioned, I have thought it well to publish it in your paper so that "Thos. Allen" alias ''Thos. Shook" may not impose upon any of the good people who may read the Times. I never heard of him un til the letter of Mr. Cad J. Pride fell into my hands, and any use he is making of my name is a forgery. Truly yours, R. W. SANDERS. Sold Out to Spain. CHARLTSTON, March 26.-Edward Owens. late fireman on the filibuster ing steamer Commodore, went before the Spanish consul here today and made a statement reg arding the much talked of trip of the Commodore. He was mad because the officers of the boat would not pay him more money and he had been drinking besides. He admitted that he always knew where the boat really was going, but he claimed to have been "shangaied," that is, shipped to go to one port and then taken to anotner, and he swears he will prosecute the officers of the Commodore. He told the the consul today that the Commodore went straight to Cuba when she left here on the 13th. She tried to land at night, and failing at that, she campe boldly up to the Cuban coast and put her men and arms ashore. There were 32 men, he said, among whom were 3-eneral DeSoto, and six boat loads of rifles, matchetes and ammunition. E~e said the landing was made just around a cape which was, he thought, in the nrovince of Santa Anna (Clara?). The men on board were mostly Amer icans of Cuban extraction, ~General DeSoto being the only man of note among them. They did not drill while on board the Commodore, but when they landed they all put on caps with Cuban flags on them. The Span ish consul said that he could take no part in the matter until official recog nition of Owens' statement had been taken.- If Owens wished to prosecute the officers or libel the boat, the Span ish government would help all it could after the case had been made and if the United States district attorney would start proceedings Spain would help to push the matter by getting witnesses, etc. Owens saw a lawyer this afternoon and a libel suit against the vessel will be brought tomorrow. Pianos for Winthrop. In August last five pianos from one maker and one each from two other makers were purchased by the Win throp Normal College of Rock Hill, S. ., as triil instruments, with the un :erstanding that if satisfactory others from the same makers were to be add d. Time and test does not seem to prove them entirely satisfactory since when eight more pianos were needed they were not chosen from either of the makes before taken on trial. This time the selection was made from a purely musical standpoint by those ualified to judge the actual merits of a piano; and, as a result the MAsoN AND HAMLIN and MATHUSEK were chos en from some t wenty-t wo competing makers. We shall be pleased if those who are thinking of buying pianos will write the music department of his college asking how they like the ASON AND HAMLIN and MIATHVSEK >ianos, and why they were chosen bove all others. LUDDEN & BATES, Savannah, Ga., wholesale agents for ason and Hamlin and Mathusek panos. Blew Himfelf Up. NASHTILLE, March 27.-Special to he Sun from Knoxville, Tenn., says: itral Bacon, who had been a promi ent figure in Roane county matters, oth business and political, killed him elf at Kingston today. He chose a ethod so terrible and unusual that he entire community was shocked. uring the progress of the Himes-mur er trial Bacon was a leading witness. Iis testimony was of special import oce, and the attorneys on one side oand it necessary to get rid of its ef ect. An indictment for perjury re ulted. The charge caused Bacon to ~uffer mentally until he became de anged. Today he went into the yard, ~ecured a stick of dynamite that had een bought for blasting purposes, uietlyv laid down on it and lit the use. ~A terrible explosion followed. he horr or-stricken neigh bors rushed >t to find that the man had been lown into a hundred pieces. His body Las literally thrown to the four winds. Ie left no explanation of his act. Decidedly Indliffe-rent. WILKEsBARRE. Pa , March 23 3eorge Windisch, the Pittston wife nurderer, was sentenced to be hanged oday. When Judge Wood wardasked imIf he had anything to say why entence should not be pronounceu, e said: "I am not guilty of the miur er. I don't want miy case taken to he Sapr-eme Court. Let them hang e and be done with it." The Dynamite Explodedl. NIAGARA FALLs, N. Y., March 25. t. dynamite cartridge which was be g thawed out over a lire near heret day. was exploded. An Italian was lown almost to piece-s and S'eymiou r ddy, a son of D. R. Eddy of Lewis n,~had both eyes blown out, one leg roken in three places and was other FOR OUR EXH!BIT AT CHICAGO. Plana for a stato Convention to b-- H 4-Id at Sp:sr-auburg. T:la uleuer. st t- me tress a.und to leading citizens in di tfer ent parts of the State, explains it-ell: CHARLEsToN. S. C.. March 27. 1896. DEAR SIn: A conventionz composed of de:gates from the Southern States and cities was held in Chicago in Feb ruary to consider the advisability of holding an expositton of Southern re sources and products in that city this year, and to devise ways and means for covering the cost of such an expo sition. The convention resolved with out a dissenting voice that the exposi tion should be held. The city of Chi cago pledged itself to undertake the whole expense of organizing and maintaining the exposition. The several Southern States under took, on their part, to provide the ex hibits, and to pay the expense of col lecting, arranging and organizing their exhibits. When the delegates from South Carolina met in Chicago, it was deem ed advisable that if the legislature failed to make an appropriation to place before the world the products and resources of our, various cotton and other industries at the exposition in Chicago, a trial should be made to raise the necessary funds from other sources. The Legislature you are aware, did nothing for the end in view, and it now becomes my duty, by the authority of the Governor of the State, to invite you to attend a con vention to be held at Spartanburg, on Wednesday evening, April 15th, 189b, for the purpose of providing a plan by which an exhibit of the industries of the State shall be made at Chicago. It is hardly necessary for me to place before you the imperative reasons why we of this State should make the best exhibit. The great development of our cotton factories, the natural advantages we have of climate, water power, and cotton raised around the mills must invite the attention of capital, there by making our State not only foremost in agriculture, but also in cotton fab ric industries. In no other- way can our farmers be more judiciously helped than by giv ing them a market,we might say, near to each and every farm, therefore by linking together agriculture, man ufactures and commerce. I request, therefore, that the mayors and intendants of the cities and towns in the State attend the convention at Spartanburg, and appoint three dele gates from each of the cities and towns to represent their several municipali ties in this convention, for the purpose of insuring an exhibit by South Caro lina at Chicago. I request that each of the eotton manufacturing enterprises in the State appoint representatives to attend the convention in Spartanburg. I also request that each of the rail road companies doing business in the State will appoint a representative to attend the convention. Ishall be obliged if you will inform me at your earliest convenience the names of the delegates you have ap pointed in resp-nse to this address. Very respectfully, E. L. RochIE., Commissioner from South Ctroli na Carlisle Not [n It. The News and Courier is beginning to see light along certain lines. Up to a short time ago that journal thought that Carlisle was the man to lead-the gold-bug wing of the De mocracy to victory, but a sudden change seems to have come over the spirit of its dreams. On last Wed nes day our cotemporary announced in its headlines that "Carlisle could be nei ther nominated nor elected," which is the p lain, simple truth, and which nearly every one knew when Carlisle was first mentioned as a probable can didate for the presidency. The light that "Carlisle could neither be nomi nated nor elected" comes to the News and Courier through its Washington correspondent, who says in his letter of last W ednesday "it would make in teresting reading to print some of the comments made by Democratic Sena tors and esgecially Southern Senators, upon Mr. Carlisle's candidacy, but it wou:ld not be so agreeable to Mr. Car lisle himself. To sum up these com mernts in a single sentence, it can be said that Mr. Carlisle cannot get the delegation of a single Sou thern State in the Convention, much less can he receive the nomination." The corre spondent goes on to say that one Sen ator even went so far as to say that the Democrats of his State would much rather see Cleveland nominated than Carlisle. and that this sort of talk is not confined to Southern men, as "a prominent Northern Democrat, who has himself been mentioned for the Presidency, said that without doubt Carlisle would be the weakest nominee whom the Democrats could name. His nomination w;ould, he said, excite all the old friction and contention, and it would be practically implossible to carry even Kentucky for the De?mo crats. The refusal of Carlisle to hel p Blackburn in the bitter Senatorita fight which has just closed would be remembered, andl would be the pre text for all the Ulackburn Democrats in the State to knife Carlisle at the polls " The above does not surprise us a bit. We knew all the time that neither Cleveland nor Carlisle had any more chance for the next Demo ratic nomination than the man in the moon. In fact, we do not believe any one believed they had outside of a small band of blind worshippers of these two persistent goldites. The News and Courier belonged to this lit tle band, and we congratulate our co temporary on having its eyes opened at last. A Houie Educator. There is nothing. says an exchange. that will soon indluce children to read s a home newspaper introduced into a family. As it contains every week many items that will direcetly inter st them, tney very naturally form a esire to take it up and peruse its olumns; and it gradually but surt ly nculcates a disposition for- informia ion that no other class of reading atter does, thus lay ing the founda ion for an early, practical education, reating as it does on the every dlay affairs of life. School teachers find ng the taste of their scholars inmproved by reading good papers have, in num rous instances, r-ecommended them to verv family, one of whom writes to a ontemporary: "I-t would be for the iterest of every school teacher to do he same for his district throughout his country. 1 teach in the same place : did lust year. and coming back I and he children who have not been in the abit of reading a ne wspaper back ard; hence my anxiety." The home ewspaper can be made an important tuiliary to teachers, by introducing it nto every household into the country, mnd thus foster and build up a desire for knowledge, which is the ground ork for- higher educational ach ieve nents. We hope our fr-iends through ut the country will consider and act lpon this sensible suggestion. L~ee the orator, RltnIIoUN>. Va., March 03.-Generail tephen D. Lee of Mississippi has ac epted the invitation to deliver the ad ess at the laying of the cornerstone r the D~avis monument. The cere-, J:a vmond E. Dodge. statistician for tihe Rpepublican National Committee, has jrtt cnmoletcd a careful analysis o th- , rnWel silver strength in the nt1xt Dem'crati' National (on'ven tioin. iI estima's that th. free coin a '-' .ig wcill h -tve at le.st io majori t-;. TFi.s wouil-l eal'the silver men to t raime the platforn. but they would lack the: rl' iisit- strength to name the candidates. In the I)emocratic Con vention it takes two thirds to nomi nate. and if the estimates of Mr. Dodge are correct, and the gold men sland iirn. they can absolutely block a nomination. That they wil stand firm is almost certain. The influences behind goldite politicians are of such character that they-very seldom weak en. The power which makes them, absolutely controls their actions. The gold power is one that is thoroughly organized, it knows no party fealty, and in the eastern states, particularly, very few public men care to defy it. Should the silver men absolutely dom inate the convention there is scarcely a doubt that the gold standard Demo crats would refuse to support the tick et. The National Bimetallist very trul y says that the action of the Cuckoo Democrats in the Kentucky Legisla ture, which body has just adjourned without electing a Senator, is conclu sive evidence that when the master speaks they obey. The same paper goes on to say that Kentucky Democ racy has al rays been true to the silver cause. Cutil within the last year there has never been a shadow of doubt that Kentucky was a free silver state. But the maizn influence of Cleveland and Carlisle, backed by the money power of Wall street has done its work. We now and a small can tingent of that party in the legislature, masquerading as "sound money" men, and stubbornly refused to support the regular nominee, Senator Blickburn. That gentleman's Democracy has nev er been questioned. and he has guard ed the interests of his constituents with rare fidelity. Uo to the very moment of Mr. Cleveland's election, Blackburn and Carlisle were apparent ly perfectly agreed on the silver ques tion, and their votes were cast on the same side. Now we find a fe w so called Democrats in the legislature opposed to his re-election, because, forsooth, he stands on the money question pre cisely where he has always stood, and where Mr. Carlisle seemed to stand, until he became the puppet of Cleve land. If goldite Democrats in Ken tucky will thus stultify themselves, it is safe to conclude that the same class of men in the National Conven tion of that party wilt do like wise, and refuse to support a silver candidate on a silver plat form. But Mr. Dodge suggests a compromise, the silver men taking the platform. and the gold men the candi date This would substantially be the case of 1S92 right over. More aptly, the situation would be expressed by the old gag, "the law to the North and the Nigger to the South." A silver platform with a sold candidate would be the worst thing that could happen. Hundreds of thousands of silver Dem ocrats would be deluded into support ing the ticket, and even if successful, no legislation in the interest of silver could possibly be had. But such t combination could not win. Not a silver man outside the Democratic par ty would support it, large numbers of silver Democrats would refuse to be duped, and the party would be buried out of sight. Nothing would please the Republican leaders better than for the Democrats to name a. gold candi date on a silver platform. Such a combination though, is hardly proba ble. The incongruity is too great No gold standardist with any self re spect could accept a nomination on a straightout silver platform. Some qualifying phrase would have to go in, and tfiat would mean gold. This~ is about the true situation of affairs. and we see no way out of it but a split in the Convention, which we believe is inevitable. The gold bug Demo crats, who are in the minority, care nothing for the country or the party. They believe in rule or ruin, and if they can't use the Democratic party to further their selfish ends they will do all they can to wrEck it. On the other hand, the silver Democrats, who con stitute four-fifths of the party, cannot afford to surrender their convictions to please the gold bugs in the party, split or no split. This being the case, we see very little prospect for harrno fly in the next N'ational D~emocratic Convention, and consequently no chance of a Democrat succeeding Cleveland.- Times and Demccrat. Very Fi-shy Ind(eed. CirtsTos, March 22.-The little alleged iilibustering steamer Commo dore. whicht left this port on the 13th for Tampa with a cargo of nrms and ammunition returned here today minus the cargo and 23 of her crew of 31 men. The otticers wili say noth ing. but the steward. who is a Charles ton man. says that when in the Flo rida keys theCommodore expi-rienced bad weather and struck a snaf which caused her to leak s> badly that it was necessary to throwv all of her eIrgo) and much cof her coal ovei-ra-d to lighten her. The c-ew becamnilarme'.d and 2:; men insisted on leaviir the shio in boats. These 23 wer- - ('aas. Hansen's story is considered to be fishv anid is net belie-ved. Getng T"eether. ConsWA, Mtarch 2:$.-P-Iursuant t-' a all made through the Hiorry Elerahli lomel weteks sgo, thre Demiocrats and Reformrers of Harry. county met in tne ourt house today in mass meeting ith a view of trying to unite the two actions ins the coming elec-t:.>n. M1i. E. W. Nalley was made chairman ad Mr. J. A. McIermuot, secret~lry. Spechies w ere maxd- ,4r. -' int h- r,e esity~ for suchi action, ai-d urging tr~ wo -arties to comer to)tiemr and work oethe-r 'for the best initert-t of the ooin-z' to iniat end, and disapproving my' all'.ii ao whatever -' itni the Re pub bi'an pa rty. B .umrMiu- :. :dl ua :G. -Joh n J. iii1, a y-oui merchiart of 'Ahoskie, ertford e >uoty, N. C . died at the ~arr!!ton hotelI today from the effects f inhalin illuminating gas Mr. til ev idently failed to properly shut ti the liuv when he rertired WVednet la night. His i-com was tilled ni~h he vapor and the man was found uin oscious yesterday muorn ig. Puny icianis made everyv effort to) saVe his ife but without avahi. -r. Ilm was n the city pu'-rhasinmg goods for his irm and intendedi to have returned outh today. C. J. P'arker, his par; er, arnive-d today and took charge of he remin ~. Will lirdl 4-et It Fort-\ Wo rr, Tex. March 23.-Mrs i. Adicock is her-e consulting with awryer aout proceeding to recover -h 'i bound i'n a well~ in Hioustoni onty, nearFort \ alley, Miss., a few ayts ago, by~ a well digger. She 3he claimis her hutsbanrd. a Con federate oldier, buried the money during the var and :a-rwards being killed, did iot reveal the hid inz place to the fami THE New, York un. in discussing he Enrglish language, says 'the love est Enuglish' that carn be experienced n ths world is that which you may iear spok~en by a well eduecated an~d oari.ngoung; iapy of South Caroli ta: Patti's most retiaed cadenza has