Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR THEIR PROPER SUPPORT. Long Debate onl the tnustion of Riequiring or Only Authorzitng the Support of the state Conleges. COLV3wA, Nov 19.-Special: The Convention today finished up the ar ticle on education. The debate was promptly resumed yesterday morn ing. The pending question was on the motion of Col. Watson of Edge field, to substitute "may" for "shall" in the section providing for the main tenance of the University and Clem son College-the idea beinig to leave the support of these institutions to the will of the Legislature. Mr. Prince opened the debate in fa vor of the amendment. After a brief statement of the points in controversy. he said: "I would write in the Consti tution after I provided this endow ment, that there should be no free tu ition that was not provided by bene ficiary funds. For the man who will refuse to pay back the $40 a year after he has gone out, has not the st u tr of a man in him. You ought to take them and give them such training 1 hat t' ey would. If you can't, I am willing to write in the Constitution that any man who won't pay back that loan -t.8d in five years after he has aradu ated, shall be disfranchised in South Carolina. If I could get the conven tion to accept my views and grant this $200,000, I am satisned that in 10 years the people would call you bless ed. In 10 years that will be a $500,000 endowment fund. If they don't love their college well enough to put their hands in their pockets to build her up. then, for God's sake, quit talking about your love for your alma mater. We have given Wofford $3,000 since the war. How much have you given? That was not collected by the preach ers as with a sherif's warrant. This is voluntary contribution." MR. HUTSOt. Mr. Hutson was the next speaker, saying: We have no fight here with denominational colleges. My judg ment is that sectarian institutions are ~-- -ci ise-. It I had a dozen sons, and *they could get their education free, I would not send them to a denomina tional school. Dr. Thornwell, who has been quoted here very conspicuously, was opposed to sectarian colleges. We are not op posed to rectarian colleges, however; they are an ornament to the State, but I believe their friends make a mistake when thev bring them in comparison with the South Carolina college. I take the ground that it is the duty of the State to give the people higher education-and in doing so she is not striking at any of them-and provide for them the requisites of citizenship. It is the duty of the State to see that her sons are fitted for every walk in life. I believe that the State should abso lutely provide for the common schools. I am in favor of my friend's amend ment that the common schools should be sa lemented with intermediate schools toprepare the boys for college. But wearediscussinghigher education. Dr. Thornwell said that it was abso lutely necessary that we should have ' gher education in South Carolina. Dr. Thornwell said that "if we should dispense with one or the other. I' ~think it better that we should dispense with the common schools. One sun is better than a thousand stars." He is in favor of common schools, but he thinks that it were better to have higher educated men than a class only educated to a certain point. He says again: "That if it had not been for the college of South Carolina the low country would have continued to send its sons to Europe and the up countr to be contented with their beaut' u climate and green hills. What we are to determine is whetner South Carolina is bound by duty to provide for the higher education of her sons; and any man who attacks dthat should prove that the State has made a great mistake in the past, and will continue to do so in the future, if it keeps it up. In regard to the slurs of my friend from'Anderson on her curriculum, I will say that he must recollect that u' to the war her standard was up with Harvard and Princeton. Then came the war, and then the question of di viding from her the agricultural de partment. When cn the committee on education, I worked hard to provide that every branch of mechanical edu cation in South Carolina be put under the roof of a great university. But Mr. Clemson's death overturned ev erything. They had to establish an agricultural college to get a place to put his donation. I am in favor of supporting every one of the higher in stitutionsof learning including Clem son. It was the policyof the State that these institutions sould be main tained, and it is the duty of those who oppose them to come here and say that the State has been all wrong, and turn it over to the friends of them; or it is the duty of this convention to "see that no lights are put out," in the words of the president of this con vention. He then read some extracts from Sir William Hamilton. Continuing, he said: I only quote his words to show that it is not only the duty, but the interest of the State to maintain those institutions. There is not an amendment offered here but which is directed to cripple their use fulness or to put an end to their exist ence. Mfr. Watson-Dcn't you know that the old Constitution requires that we should keep the free schools for six months? Have we done that? We are not saying "pull them down." We are saying, "support them." Mr. Hutson-That is begging the question. I favor the intermediate system Mr. Hutson's time having expired, Mr. Johnstone moved that he be al lowed definite time, which was M.Htson-I believe in fixing a unique system that will put the free scolthe intermediate schools and the colleges on a firm basis. My friend forgets that it is impossible for a college to fix a high standard in four or five years. Mr. Prince-I only said that South Carolina college was no higher than Wofford. Mr. Hutson-You understand the history of the construction and the re construction of the South Carolina col leg in the last 10 years.2 r. Prince you admit that these con stant changes militate against the col .e Hutson-Of course. No college could in the course of 10 years estab lish such a curriculum as it shouki have. If you tear them down again, you can never hope to have a college of high standing . You must let them alone. On account of the condition of the primary schools, it is imnpossi ble to get students prepared to enter, unless you raise the standard from the bottom upwards. At the University of Virginia and Johns Hopkins you don't require any standing for en trance. The question is can the stu sent stay there. What is the use of talking about an impracticable matter wheni we have here a concrete matter? I would be willing to vote for an issue of bonds, but what else would be ne eessarv: Take the Citadel. I saw some time ago where a nijor in the United States army s-tid it was the finest school in the United States and in ma ny respects touched West Point. Nr. Floyd-- Lexington. Virginia. al ways stood much higher. lr. Iutson--I am only repeating what this inspector in the United States army said about it. Would you have it destroyed As to Clemson college, she provides an edu cation that no other institution pro vides. Would you destroy her just as she has been organized? There are acts to require the maintenance of Clemson. We all know that Claflin should be supported. The colored people are en titled to it. As to the matter of the divorcement from Clailin university, I am not here to discuss that. Then who is ready to pull down the girl's school at Rock H1ill? Then the question is, shall these im stitutions be maintained by Constitu tional provision Ie could not see an iota of wisdom in the arguments that had been advanced on the other side. Du. S.471n. Dr. Smith of Barnwell then took the floor and spoke as follows: Mr. President: I deem it unnees sary for me to say, in discussing the question of higher education that all passion, sectional or factional feeling should be laid aside, for I believe it is the earnest desire of every member of this convention to get all the good possible from the small amount of money which South Carolina is able to appropriate to this noble object, aid wa only ditier as to the amount and the manner in which this money should be used. The older colleges in this State are far from being in an ideal condition and it is ourduty to look at them as we find them today; as they have been in years past and not as we would have them. I am surnrised that the most enthusiastic friend of the South Carolina college should ask that this convention should perpetuate that institution without any guarantee that it will 'be worthy of its fortering care. I claim that it is best for the South Carolina college and for the people that the appropriation should not be guaranteed by the Con stitution. Let the professors and friends of that institution know that when it falls below a reasonable aver age attendance in the collegiate depart ment, not the freshman or preparatory department, then the appropriation shall stop, and this provision should be made mandatory. What I say of the South Carolina college applies with equal force to Clemson college. If the farmers do pay the privilege tax they do not wish to be compelleid to invest in an enter prise that does not pay. In my opin ion Clemson college is doing a noble work and filling a long felt want, but at most it is an experiment. I hope and believe it will be a successful ex neriment. If it is the people will sup port it; if it is not they should not be compelled to do so. I would repeat just here, that at one time the State of Kentucky had an agricultural and mechanical college that cost the SLate about a half million dollars, with about 800 boys in attendance, and yet in less than 15 years there was not a boy on that farm and the'sound of the hammer and saw had ceased to be heard in its work shop and foundry, and yet Kentucky is a great State. In my opinion the appropriations to the South Carolina college and the Military academy should cease now for the following, and to my mind, unanswerable reasons: There are sev eral literary colleges in the State, the equal of the South Carolina college, where young men can be educated at a cost to themselves little. if~any above that of the South Carolina college and these colleges are getting no State aid; while Clemson college is doince all the work and more than the Citael aca demy claims to do for less than half the cost per student. Besides should the South Carolina oollege and the Military academy be -abolished, the efficien'cy and prosperity of the other institutions would be increased. Then I ask, why should they continue to be a burden to the State? I aoeree with Mr. Jervey in saying that tYie brain and brawn of South Carolina is equal to that of any State in the Union, but do not agree with him when he says education should begin at the top and necessarily among the few. That has been the system practised in South Carolina for more than a hundred yaers, and while she has alway s had a few great men, she has a greater proportion of illiteracy than any of the older Smatesof the Un ion and as a direct consequence, in science, art and manufactures we are far behind the other States This sys tem has been weighed in the balance and found wanting and should this convention fail to recognize these facts or be influenced by sentiment, it will p rove recreant to the great and solemn duties that have been imposed upon it by the people of the State. MR. CLAYTON. Mr. Clay ton did not believe that they could better the report of the committee. The gentlemen on the other side say leave it to the legisla ture. Why leave to the legislatuie things that it is our duty to do here? It has been said that Clemsondis a hum bug.- Why could not some man rise uip and kill-not Clemson, for it is in part protected-but that grand college at Rock Hill? I do not oppose Wof ford or the other denominational col leges. It is not fair to run down the South Carolina college and say that is has only 42 students and her profes sors are beneath those of other colleges. Mr. Watson-I did not say that. I gave them the highest commendation. Mr. Clayton-The idea of complain ing that the free school child gets 1.40, while the college man gets $300 will do very well to catch votes on the Iustings, but is not fit for talk this place. MR. HENDERSON. Mr. Henderson was tihe next speak er. He said: I propose to treat this :uestion as a representative of the peo ple and not as a South Carolina, or Wofford, or other college man. That is not the question before us. If there be anything wrong, let the legislature and the board investigate that matter. We are not here as a court of inguiry, but we are here to meet this quistion in a statesmanlike way. The question is whether or not the institutions of higher learning shall be recognized or not? Shall we say that we do not consider that they are not worthy to be supported, but leave it to the legislature to do it? What would be the etfect upon the legisla ture? Won't they feel like drying up these institutions, and won't the prun ing knife be put into them ? What have you got? I am not a graduate of the Citadel or of the South Carolina college, or of a denomina tional collene. But what have you ot? You Save the South Carolina Bollege, the Citadel, Clemson and Rock Hill, all at great expense. Can we af ford to cast the slightest slur on these institutions? IHave we any Vanderbilts and Rock afellers to build it up? Is it the idea to stop what is going on, so that, that willbuild up the sectarian colleges? Is that the idea? In '90, a revolution swept over the State and resulted in the establishment of Clemson aiid Rock Ilill. Did you State's money into higher institutions Those who then said it was right, now want to leave it to the legislature. I say that they should he recognized as a part of the fundamental law of the land. Jidn't we act well by public schools after the friends of public Rchools got their support Are you going to turn your back on the higher institutions to build up the sectarian institutions? Ah, my friends,. the friends of these institutions wherever they are, let us all join together and go forward on a wider field of educa tion and recognize these institutions. Mr. George D. Tillman spoke at length in favor of Mr. Watson's amendment. Mr. McMahan spoke on the other side. MIR. BUIST. Mr. Duist said he was greatly sur prised to know that there were men on the floor who were apparently agents of denominational colleges. le thought they were here to repre sent all the people. Why should they try to break down that grand old State institution, which was doing splendid work. This was also true of the Citadel. He hoped they would rise above all denominational consid erations. 31R. GAGE. Mr. Gage was in favor of the Wat son amendment. le had a duty to perform and he would do it without regard to what the people would think. The only question was wheth er they should inaugurate into the Constiiution a provisor to annually appropriate money to these institu tions. This was the issue and to it be said nay. We have in this State 225, 000 children, who get s 1.75 each for a year's schooling. We have a dearth of schools. We have nine or ten colleges, whose halls are empty without student. The naked facts were these two. Is it right, sir, for us to do this? I can't sce it and I cant cast my vote for the higher in stitutions. My ties areall with thisold South Carolina college. Clemson college had cost the State (200,000 and, gets f rom $40,000 to $70,000; while the South Carolina college gets about the same. The Citadel gets about $20,000. Winthrop costs $20.000. It was a grand work, but done at the cost of the public schools. Put "may" in: will that make any great difference? There was no necessity for the word "shall". Mr. Bryan spoke earnestly and elo quently against the Watson amend ment. Messrs. Parrott and Hayneswor'th spoke in favor of the amendment. 31R. BATES. Mr. Bates rose to speak for the amendment, but was interrupted with an effoi t on the part of Mr. IHutson to have the time for the vote extend ed to 10:30 o'clock with the conven tion voted down. It was then 9:30, and half a hour's more debate was pro vided for. Mr. Bates, continuing, said the question before this body is shall we, by the Constitution we are making, make it mandatory upon the people to perpetually maintain and support all of the institutions of higher education which the State now owns and con trols? What they have done in the past, what they are doing now? Their present condition should not enter into it and would only be pertinent if we were the legislature and were discuss ing what appropriations should .be made for each. I for one agree with Mr. Watson and endorse everything he said in his speech last Saturday and wish that I could make as strong and forcible a speech for his amend ment as he did. Mr. |Watson closed the debate on his side, and Mr. Mitchell closed in favor of the committee's report. THlE WORD "3IAY"~ A WINNER. The vote on the motion to strike out "shall" and insert "mnay" was then called for at 4 minutes of 11 o'clock. The roll being demanded, the vote re sulted as follows: Yeas-Alexander, Ashe, Anderson, Austin, Barry. Behre, Bobo, Bow en Bowman, Bradham, Brice, T. W.; ooper, Cunningham, Derham, Doyle, Dudley, Ellerbe, Estridge, Field, Floyd, Gage, Garris, Glenn,, J. L.; G-ooding, Graham, Hamel, Harris, Harrison, Haynsworth, Hemphill, Henry, Jones, I. B.; Kennedy, J. W.; lugh, Lowman, Lybrand, McDer motte, Montgomery, J. D.; Montgom ery, W. J.; Murray, Otts, Parrott, Prince, Redfearn, Roseborough. Row land, Russell, Shuler, Sligh, Smith, A. J.-; Smith, W. C; Smoak, Stokes, Stribling, Sullivan, Talbert, Taylor, rillman, G. D.; Timmerman, Waters, Watson, Winkler-603. Nays-President John Gary Evans, nderson, Barton, Bryan, Buist, Can Le, Clayton, Eaird, Evans, W. D.; Fitch, Fraser, Glenn, J. P.; Hlender son, I. S.; Hutson, Jerrey, John stone, Geor ee; Jones, Wilie; Kenne :v, E. J.; ie, McCalla, McCaslan, lcGowan. McMahan, McWhite, leares, Miller, Mitchell, Moore, ash, Nicholson, Oliver. Patterson, Patton, Ragsdale, Read, J. H.; Reed, [R.; Rogers, Scarborough, Single ary. Sloan, Smalls, Tillman, B. R.; vonKolnitz, Wells, White, A. HI.; White S. E; Wiggins, Wilson, Stan arne; Woodward-49. There were several " pairs." The vote was then clinched. Mr. Ellerbee at this juncture had his legislature postponement or-di aance tabled, the subject matter hav ing been disposed of in another ordi aance. The Convention then adjourned. This morning the debate was re mumed. Mr. Rogers offered the fol lowing substitute for section S: Section 8. The general assembly in ppropriating money for the institu ions of higher education in this State shall at no time make an annual ap propriation to exceede one-tenth of he money actually paid to teachers nnually in the free common schools f this State from the funds provided for in this article. THE CLAFLIN TRoU-BLE. The amendment offered by Miller last night was then taken up, as fol tows. Amend section 8 by adding at the md of the section the following: "Provided, That Clailin colleg-e shall never be directly or indirecty mder the management or control of 3atlin university, neither shall Chaf lin college ever be connected in any wvay whatever with Cliallin university, md the professors and instructors of 31alin college shall be southern men yr women of the negro race." Miller and Smalis spoke in favor of he amendment. I. 1R. Reed, of Beaufort, olfered the ollowing substitute: "Provided, That in lieu of Clallin ~ollege there shallbe established and naintained a nor-mal, industrial, me Thanical and agricultural college for the higher education of the negr-o race, aing no connection with Clalhin University, whose professors and in structors shall be of the negro race." Mr. Bowman said Claflin college was in the town in which he lived- I don't know what is the sentiment of the people as to whether whites or blacks should teach in negro schools, but I do know they favor this divorce ment. The negroes have a right to say that the money appropriated by the State should not be under denomi national influence. The only ques tion that can be raised is that of the cost. The State owns some six or eight fine buildings and all that is needed is nemarge- building I- don't know ny thing about tli morality there. They do teach social eqiilty. I have scei nfegrees anfld wlite women riding bi cycles together and playing lawn ten nis. As to the name. I don't care. W hat I ask is thie appropria t ion. -naftor Tillnm olie-"d the follow ing-Miller and led having with drawn theirs: Senator Tillman-I don't doubt that the convention is in sympathy with this movement and I would offer the following substitute for the substitute: The President-Out of order. You can read it if you want to. Senator Tillman read it and Miller and Reed witbdrew their amendments in its favor and it was adopted with a rush. It was as follows: Provided, That the general assembly shall as soon as practicable divorce entirely Claflin college from Claflin university and provide for a separate corps of professors and instrucors therein: representation to be given to men and women of the negro race and it shall be the colored normal. in dustrial and mechanical college of this State. Senator Tillman then offered this amendment: Insert after the word "purposes," on line 6, the words "by the national government.' He said this simply meant that those funds should be used as congress should direct. THE W.Y IT STA.DS. Senator Tillman's amendment then went through and then section 8, which has caused so much trouble, was adopted in the following shape: Sec. S. The general assembly may provide for the maintainance of Clem son Agricultural college afid the uni versity of South Carolina as now es tablished by law, also ior tne .estab lishiment and inaintainance of a nor mal and industrial college for the col ored race and may create scholarships therein. The proceeds realized from the land scrip given by the act of con gress passed July 2. 1S62, for the sup port of an agricultural college, and any lands or funds which have here tofore been or may hereafter be given or appropriated for educational pur poses by the national government, shall be applied as dire%-ted in the acts appropriating the same; provided,that the general assembly shall as soon as practicable divorce entirely Clallin college from Clallin university and provide for a separate corps of profes sors and instructors therein, represen tation to be given to men and women of the negro race, and it shall be the colored normal, agricultural and me chanical college of this State." Other sections were then adopted as follows: Sec. 9. The property or credit of the State, or any county, city, town,town ship, school district, or other subdi vision of the State or any public mon ey from whateversource derived, shall not by gift, donation, loan, contract, appropriation or otherwise, be used, directly or indirectly, in aid or raain tainance of any college, school, hospi tal, orphan house, or' other institution, society or organization of whatever kind, which is wholly or of any church or of any religious or sectarian denomination, society or organization. Sec. 10. All gifts, of every kind, for educational purposes, if acceptel by the general assembly, shall be applied and used for the purpose designated by the giver, unless the same he in conflict with the provisions of this Constitution. Sec. 11. All gifts to the State where the purpose is not designated, all es cheated~ property, the net assess or funds of all estates, or copartnerships in the hands of the coum ts of the St-ate, when there have been no claimants for the same within the last 70 years, and other money coming infp the treasury of the State by reason oef the twelfth section of an act entitled, "An act to provide a mode of distribution of the moneys as direct tax from the citizens of this State by the United States in trust to the State of South Carolina," approved Dec. 24, 1891, to get her with such other means as the general assembly may provide, shall be securely invested as the State school fund, and the annual income thereof shall be apportioned by the general assembly for the purpose of maintain in~ the public schools bection 12. All the net income to be derived by the State from the sale or license for the sale of spirituous, malt, vinous and mntoxicating liquors and beverages shall be applied annually in aid of the supplementary tax provided for in the sixth section of this article, and if after said application there should be a surplus, it shall be invest ed to create a school fund, the income of which investment shall be applied first, if necessary, in aid of the state supplementary tax, otherwise it shall be devoted to public school purposes and apportioned, and the general as sembly may determine all waste and unappropriated lands belonging to the State. which terms shall indicate marsh and tidewater lands, but not the phosphate royalty or phosphate deposits, and all the income to be de rived from said lands by leasing them shall be set apart and be and remain forever a perpetual school fund for the support of the public schools of this State. All funds to be derived from the sale of aforesaid lands, if the general assembly should ever deem it advantageous to sell the same,shall be securely invested and the interest therefrom alone shall be appropriated. On this section Mr. Smoak, of Or angeburg,. made quite a lengthy speech in opposition. ABOUT BOOKs. Mr.- Behre offered the following: Section 13. The general assembly shall provide for the selection and purchase of such books, maps and charts as may be necessary for the use of the pupils attending the public schools and for the care and disposi tion of same: Provided, That payment for the same may be made from the school fund herein provided. Mi-. Behre said that the children in Abbeville and Oconee save at least U5 per cent, in the cost of the books. With the three-mill tax we could keep the schools open for seven months, and unless we make provision for these books we wvould have many of our boys growing up uneducated. In my county one-half of the parents were unable to buy books. If we are going to have a free school, let us make it so broad that it will cost the people nothing. The section avas rejected-69 to 42. THE B:OARD OF- ED)UCATIoN. Mr. Mitchell otlfered the following substitute for section 4, which was adopted. Sec. 4. There shall be a State board of education composed of the gover nor, the State superintendent of edu cation and four' persons to be appoint ed by the governor every four years. of wvhichi board the governor shall be chairman and the State superintend ent of education secretary. This board shall have the regulation of the examination of teachers applying for certificates of qualification and shall award ali scholarshins and have such other powers and duties as may be de termined by law. The compensation and traveling expenses for the four persons to be appointed to be fixed by the general assembly. The whole article was passed to a third reading then. It was decided that the per diem or dinance should be taken up and con sidered at the night session. Where the Democratic Party I. A comparison of the election figures for the eight States named below in the year preceeding the PresidentiA elec Lion of 1S92 and the year preceding the PIer-sidential election of 1896(* is si nificant. First we will give tie ma jorities of the year preceding the P'residential election of 182, and then the majorities of the year precpdinz the Presidential election of 1896. Here they are: 1891. Dem. Rep. New York..........47,935 ...... New Jersey.........13,609 Massachusetts....... 6,467 ...... Ohio............... %.21,511 Pennsylvania............. 5S.152 Iowa............... 7,816 ...... Kentucky...........28,081 Maryland...........30,151 ...... it will thus be seen that the vear preceding the Presidential election of 1892 the Democrats carried six of the eight of the above State, but how stands the record of the same States in the year preceding the Presidential election of 1896. Here are the figures: 1895. Dem. Rep. New York......... ..... 100,000 New Jersey........ ..... 25,000 Massachusetts...... ..... 65,000 Ohio... ...... ..... 110 Pennsylvania...... ......175,000 Iowa.............. ..... 80,000 Kentucky.......... ..... . IC.000 Maryland.......... ..... 1,000 The New York Sun is right when it says there has been no political move ment so violent as the above figures show, since the secession of the South practically wiped out . all opposition to the dominating party on either side of the line of hos tilities. The result is the same at at every point. The Cleveland min who would pick out Maryland or Ohio as an illustration of the fate of anti Administration, will have to give'it up when in sight of the returns in Massachusetts, Kew Jersey or Now York. In Massachusetts tne friends of Clevelan have a monopoly of the State Machinery and candidates: in New York Mr. Cleveland took a per sonal hand in the canvass. One idea governed in all the States named above and that was, Ivhen frankly summed up, the determination to condemn and crush the Democratic party, at the head of which is Grover Cleveland. If anyone wants an answer to the qnestion, why the Democratic colors have thus been trailed in the dust, he can say in brief that it is because Cleveland by his home and foreign policies, by the repudiation of the Democratic platform, by his shifty pretence of selling bonds to maintain the gold reserve when it was to pay Federal expenses unprovided for, by his attempted overreaching of Con gress, and secret restoration of the Ha waiian monarchy. by- his attitude to ward foreign insolence, by his general contempt for the idea of party govern ment and his effort to get himself nom inated for a third term, has trampled on the rules, the pride, the sentiment, and the flag of the United States. Cleveland, as a political inflnence in the United States, has been from the first utterly incongruous. He has been like a white man ruling a black country, or a black man ruling a white country, irreconcilably different in ways and thought. And now the people know it.- -Times and Democrat. Death and Destruction. CmcaOo. Nov. 23.-A fire, disas trous to life and property, swept through the dry goods and woolen ex change building this morning. Five -firemen, in the active discharg'e of their duty and totally unmindful of the danger, were carried through a floor and~ buried under ions of wreck age from five floors above. Four of the men lie dead, but the fif th was not seriously injured. One a-irl fell from a window and received injuries from which she died. A dozen other men, women and girls were hurt or over come by smoke and many were res cued from imninent death. The prop erty loss to the building at 215-217 Vanburen street and 2765-278 Frank lin street and contents is estimated at $400,000. The dead are: Patrick J. O'Donnell, lieutenant of Engine com pany No. 2; Thos. J. Pendergrast, pipeman ; Martin Sherrick, pipeman; John Down, pipeman; Kate Land graft, employed in A. Stern & Co.'s garter factory: Among the injured were: Daniel McNally, .pipeman, re moved to St. Luke's hospital; sprained leg and bruises. Olga Keller, leg and arm in jured ; Nellie Turner, fell from fourth story window and seriously hnrt; Harry O'Neil. arm broken and back injured; John Bruenheimer, bad iy injured by falling from fourth story wvhile assisting girls to escape. The others who were injured were girls and the spectators who saved them, all being over come by smoke, but they soon recov ered after medical treatment at hos pitals or their homes. All the dead and injured ' firemen were members of Engine comnp any No. 2. Their cap tain, Lewis Fleene. escaped the awful plunge of death only by hanging to the wall of the window on the sec ond floor until released from his peri lous position by Iiremen on a ladder. Ly-nched for Mlurder. K~oXVILLFE, Tenn., Nov. 21. Charles Hurd, a negro who murdered Jasper Kelly, a young farmer near Harriman. a few weeks ago, and who confessed to the crime yesterday was taken from the jail at Wartburg', the county seat of Morgan county, and lynched at midnight last night. A mob of two hundred masked men gath ered at a point three miles from the jail and' marched in~ fours to the prison. A demand was made on Jailer Lang ley to "onen up." This he refused to do and the door was broken open with a sledge hammer, When the mob was on the inside the ,jailer was placed under the point of pistols and guns and finally gave up the keys. The negro was taken from his cell and a rope placed around his neck. lie was dragged to an oak tree one hun dred yards distant where he was swung up. Afterwards he was cut down and dragged to another tree and hung up) again. A card was pinned on his breast commanding that the body should not be removed. The Athens, Ga., Banner notes that Prof. William Ruther-ford has made an invention which will doubtless do great good in the farming world. The principle involved in the inven tion is that of manuring cotton withi liquid instead of fertilizers. The ma cline consists of a barrel arranged above a number of little plows. The liquid fertilizer is dstributed evenly and the plows open the furrows and cover them up again. TrE ef fect of the decision of Judge Earle recently in the dispensary cases appealed from the mayor is that the man who takes money to go off and buy whiskey for another is not the messenger of the other, but in the eyes of the law is really the seller of the whiskey and subject to the penal ties of the law. TIuE Democrats of New York last v.-ek elected James C. Matthews, a negro, es Judge of the Riecorder's Court in Albany. The office cai-ries with it powers of a Supreme Cour-t Judge, and the New YorklHerald says it is the highest judicial office ever nield Soith Carolina Day in Atlanta. The Columbia Register savh next Thursday will be one of the biggest day.; at the Atlanta Exposition. for South Carolina will be represented there in full forc-. Thousands will go over from this State to spend one day at least at Georgia's c apital and those who do not attend from the Pal metto State will miss a sight that all should see. Every section of the State will be represented, headed by the Governor and staff and twelv'e hundred soldiers in full uniform. The railroads have gone to much trouble in arranging a suitable schedule of trains and have given a rate that is lower than half a cent per mile. By this means thousands will go over next week and the State will have no reason to be ashamed of her represen tatives. Every one who can should go over, for the trip will be a most pleasant one in every respect. The following otlicial interview was had with General Watts, who has just re turned from Atlanta, where he has been to arrange for Carolina Day, and also to arrange for as cheap lodging and board for the militia as possible: "I have arranged for lodging for the troops at 25 cents per night, meals from fifteen cents up. very good meals can be had for 25 cents. The troops need not eat where they sleep if they do not desire. They can get their meals as they see fit. I would suggest that they eat their breakfast where they sleep. After they get to the exposition grounds they can secure meals at whatever price they desire to pay. On Carolina Day all the militia will go into the grounds free. After that day they will have to pay 50 cents, with the privilege of going out and returning as they see fit. All the troops will go by the Southern Railway on special trains, as per rates that have already been sent to the va rious captains. I tried to get satisfac tory arraugements on all the roads, but have only been able to secure the same on the Southern and South Car oina and Georgia. The militia will leave on the morning of the 27th, ex eept the Fcurth Brigade, which will leave Wednesday evening. I expect to carry at least 1,200 soldiers. Yes, Governor Evans and staff will go and also Senator Tillman. Clemson Col lege, the Citadel Academy, South Car olina College and the Winthrop stu dents will go. I will issue orders as soon as possible as to the line of march and as to the order of troops. I have arranged so ihat officers cin get hoases at $3. All companies that are going must notify ie at once thc num ber of men they expect to carry and also oflicers that desire horses. Whinhig Children. Dr. M.ry Wood Allen writing in Womankind of breaking children of the habit of whining says: "In this case, I should say that the first thing to do is to secure the cordial co-opera tion of every other adult member of the family. Let there be united pur pose never to give to the child that for which he whines, even if it would be given him otherwise. Give him to understand this in a firm but gentle way, and if possible secure his approv al of the idea. Tell him kindly of the evil of the habit, the unhappiness it causes him and every one else, show him that it is creating a habit for the future years and tell him you are go ing to help him to overcomne it. Let him feel that your refusal to grant his whining requests are to aid him, not to punish him. Then steadily, persistently, sweetly and firmly adhere to this policy. Never once yield to his insistence, but alwvays recognize his attempt to meet your wishes in a pleasant manner. If the thino- he wants is something he shoulkY not have, tell him so. and assure him that no amount of whining will secure it, and then let him whine. Wait, don't scold, don't tantalize, don't appear to be either disturbed or moved by his whining. If what lie desires is some thing he can have, and he whines for it, assure him that as soon as he asks pleasantly he can have it, and then give him time to miake up his mind to be pleasant. We are too apt to drive our children rapidly from one frame of mind to another. Wait patiently, and if possible help him by'divertinig his thoughts to something agreeable. In a few minutes he will propably get control of himself. It is often a very touching sight to witness the efforts of children to gain self-control, some times under the stings of the tantaliz ing reproaches of their elders. Cruelly )Murdered 1)y Spani Ia soldiiers. TAMPA, Fla., November 21.- Col onel Fernando Fegueredo, the Cuban leader, of this city, is in receipt of a letter from Havana, giving details of atrocities which wer-e comimitted by Spaniards in Matanzas province. Colonel Melino, who commands a Spanish regiment, recently en countered the advauce guard of Gomezs army in Matanzas, and was defeated Whiile soldiers under Meli no were in retreat, they met a group of women and children near a little town called Cayopino. As the sol diers passed, one of the women made a sneering remark about the Spaniards. The remark was overheard by the soldiers and so enraged them that they butchered everyone of the wo men and children. There were ten women and about a dozen children in the group. The letter says that the Spaniards after shooting down their victims, stabbed them with bayonets, inflicting the most horrible wounds. One baby was kiiled at its mother's breast. and the bullet that passed through the infant, also passed through the mother. Colonel Melino made no report of the butchery, but it happen ed that two of the ,womeni murdered were wives of the Spaniards engaged in the sawmill business in Matanzas. When they learned how their loved ones had becn slaughtered they sent DeCampos information of the horrible affair and demanded that Colonel Melino be punished. I*. is stated that DeCampos has ordered that Melino be courtmartialed and it is thought the butchers will be sentenced to death. as the massacre is condemned as bitter ly by Spaniards as by Cubans. A Das-tardly Murde-r. The most dastardly murder in the history of crime in this State was com mitted near Cokesbury, on last Thu rs lay night. Miss Narcissa Bagwell, a young lady of resp~ectable family. while on her way to Greenwood to take the train for the Atlanta Exposi ion, was robbed and killed and her body burned in an old barn of fodder in the field. The coroners jury of in juest has caused John Richar-ds and Thomas Watts, colored. to be arrested on circumstantial evidence pointing to thr guilt. Watts has confessed to be ing a partner in the cime but lays the buden of it on Richards. The two negroes, in the keepin~g of well armed constables. are nowv on their way to A bbeville jail. Great indignation and excitement prevails and there was im mediate danger of a lynching bee. The opinion is now that the law will be allowe-d to take its course. The prisoners in an interview say that they killed the woman for her money and that no outrage was attempted. Thirty dollars in mone y and sonme jewels wvere obtained. One clue to the guilt of the negroes was the- fact of their spending too much money. Ei dence before the grand jury makes the negreseprante chnarce WILD PRANKS OF LIGHTNING Followed a 1'lece of Timber from On Tree to AInotlw'r. While the thunderstori was at it height on a recent Sunday the ligh ning played a peculiar prank MIt - Lynwood. says the hluineapolis Tri une. In -front of A. Eichorn's cot iag stand two enormous oak trees. tea something like one hundred feet hi;r and from two and one-half to thre feet in diameter. The trees stan about twelve or fifteen feet apart an< are connected. as it were. forty fee from the ground by a piece of tinbe four inches square, which has bee. placed in a fork of each for the put pose of furnishing the children of th neighborhood a swing of unusua capacity for making aerial trips Whiile the storm was raging lightin; struck the top of one of the oaks. th electrical fluid passing down the tre and tearing several limbs from th trunk on its course. On reaching the timber supportin: the swing the bolt shot across it a though it had been a metal conducto provided especially for the occasioi and tore down the trunk of the secon< oak, finally spending its force in th< earth, leaving a large hole to mark th spot. The force of the electrical cur rent was so great that in its passag down the trunk of the second tre struck it rended off pieces of timbe six feet long and as large tilrough a the body of an ordinary sizedaman Smaller pieces were hurled through th< air a distance of three hundred feeL "Mr. Eichorn. with his family. wa1s sit ting on the porch at the time the shaf did its work. and all were badly fright ened by seeing a stick as large as good-sized piece of cordwoxd com whizzing through space in their diree tion. It struck on the roof of the porel above their heads, however, and did ni more serious damage than to tear off: patch of shingles. TOOTH OF A SAURIAN. Remarkable Specimen Found in a 31ary land Iron 3line. Recently. Charles E. Coflin. of Muirkirk. 'Md. has lately placed at the disposal of th, Woman's College museum for study ani description, in connection with othe: collections from the same region. a re markable saurian tooth. recently es umed from his iron mines in Prine George county. It measures thre inches in length, and the herbivorou dinosaur to which it belnged was -o less than twenty-five feet in length The dentine of the tooth, with it beautiful polish and characteristi transverse markings, is almost perfectl: preserved, and the delicate serration oIf its edges are as sharply defined a when the reptile was imbedded in th lignitie clays of the Potomac form, tions. The mine from which the tooth wa excavated, says the Baltimore Amer can. is the same as that from whic Prof. 0. C. Marsh, of Yale. several year ago, obtained a considerable collectior These remains were so highly prize by this distinguished investigator tha several men and an engineer were er ployed for a number of weeks in mal ing excavations for the same. Though the Maryland dinosaurs wer huge animals in comparison with rel tiles now living,they are but dwarfs b side some of the gigantic species whic inhabited the western North Amiericai: jurassic time. During a recent visit t the Woman's college,. Prof. Marsh r< marked that one of the fossil species h discovered in the west could stand o the lawn in front of Goucher hall an eat with comfort from the roof. Thi "terrible lizard" was one hundred fee long, and the largest animal ever knowa to inhabit the earth. ANATOMY OF THE OYSTER. It Hae All the Organs Posseed by Othe Animals of Greater Pretensions. Every oyster has a mouth, a heart. liver, a stomach and other necessar; internal organs, including a set of cur ningly devised intestines. The mout] is at the small end of the oyster's body near tihe hinge of the shell. It is ova in shape, says the St. Louis Republic and, though not readily discovered b: an unpracticed eye, may be easily lo cated by gently pushing a blunt bod kin or similar instrument along the folds of the surface of the body at the place mentioned. Connected with th< mouthl is the canal whieh the ovstei uses in conveying food to the stomach from whence it passes into the curiou: little set of netted and twisted intes tines referred to in the opening. T4 discover the heart of an oyster th< folds of flesh which ovstermnen cal. the "mnantle' must be removed. Thi: is fatal to the oyster, of course, but ir the interest of science and for the ben efit of the 'curious" it is occasionalh done. When the "mantle" has beet removed tile heart, shaped like a cres. cent or horned moon, is laid to th< view. The oyster's heartis madenup o two parts. julst like that of a humanin be ing, one of which rceives tile blood frott tile gills and the othecr dr ives it throdghl the arteries. The liver i: foutnd in the inmmediate vicinity of the heart and stomach, and is a queer shaped little organ, which is supposed to perform nll the functions of a blood filter. ______ Odditics of Marriage. Ihalf the weddings in the country- are celebrated on Wednesday and Thurs day. Saturday has more than the aver age number. Friday is not a favorite, as few tmarriages are celebrated or that day. Widowers are more inclined to marry titan bachelors, and widows more itnclined thlan spinsters. Both: facts are eloquently in favor of the comparative advantage of matrimony. For one bachelor that mfarrties between tile alges of fifty and fifty-live seven widlowers remarry between these ages. TIhese are marriages out of an equal tnmb'r oft each class; the actual nm ber of! bachelors married will be thed greatest only in proportion as they ex ecel b'y seven to onle the actual nut ber' of widowers livin;: at these ages. Under the samet cotnditions. fr every spinst.r' marr'ied between thirty atnd sixty-five two widows are rcmarried. E'x-Congressman Holman, of In diana, who thoroughly knows the Democratic party of is State. says In diana Democrats have never seriously c-onsidered that there was any probabil. ity of President Cleveland again be :-oming a candidate, and they do not believe it has been seriously consider. ed anywhere else. Mr. Holmian thinks that if no mistake is made in theC National ticket Indiiana will go Demn octratic next ycar. Ti-: other day a kodak lienid phroto graphed Justice Gray asleep on the Supreme Bench during the oi'gumuent oi a case. The picture has been pub licly displayed to the chlagrinu of the Supreme Court, antd an order has been passed for bidding kodaks in the court rooml. It migiht be mtore to tire piu-pose to pass an order' forbidding judges to sleep during the trial of cas es and requiring attaches of the court to wake up nodding justice. Two fall moons will come in De cember. Adventists say this has not eccurr'ed since tire coming of Christ, 1,8%l years ago, and fronm the coinci dence argue his second coming during the apnmoaching- holidlay's t POlW if DER Absolutely Pure. A cream or tartar Darmg powder iHighest of all in leavening strength.-La test United States Government Food R. port. Royal Baki' - Powder Compan:v s 106 .allSt.,N. Y . CLEVELAND SILVER SPOONS. The President's Grandfather .Made Them in an Eastern Conneeticut Vimage. William Cleveland, grandfather of President Grover Cleveland. was a sil versmith in drowsy Norwich Town, aon thc hills of eastern Connecticut, and a deacon for more than a quarter of a cent ary in the village Congrega tional chureh. says the New York Her ald. The housein which he spent his long life i.i still standing. His shop, a weather-beaten rookery, was torn down - several years ago. The *deacon as he is always ad dressed. was an expert workman, and his goods were always in demand. As a consequence. the country families about Norwieh Town have Cleveland silver spoons in abundance, coming down by inheritance from old-time an cestors. A Norwich Town woman's legacy of two of the spoons-exquisitely wrought - specimens of painstaking work-was recently transmitted to Ruth Cleveland, and in return a personal letter of thanks was received from her distin 1 guished father. r President Cleveland's great-grand fatlir, Aaron Cleveland, was a business man and politician in Norwich Town in c post-revolutionary days. He was ac a tive in speaking and writing, and took s the lead in opposing slavery in Con t necticut. introducing the first bill for its abolition, and being dissatisfied s with the gradual eman-ipation measure C adopted in 1791). Later he became a y Congregational minister. s- The old village records of Lebanon, s twelve imiles north of Norwich Town, e. declare that Mrs. Cleveland is agreat granddaughter of Mrs. Mary Rogers, a Lebanon woman. s REFLECTED HER PROFESSION. s Her Dress and Lair Betrayed That She Was a Schoohna'am. d "How unconsciously men and women t take on the atmosphere of their sur roundings and avocations." remarked a man recently to a New York Adver tiser reporter. "I can recall an illus e tration of that fact in an experience I . had some years ago. I had been so long - accustomed to the association of women school-teachers that I am rarely mis taken. when I come in contact with one. o A prominent woman teacher from a . northern city was expected at an e educational meeting. I had never seen I| her, but receivedI a telegram asking me da to meet her at the train. I was sure I swould be able to identify her. I went t through the train, which was crowded Swith passengers. I looked around and soon found the teacher. She was per fectly astonished when I came up and _ said: 'Is this Miss Blank?' 'Yes, that is my name,' she replied,. r but how did you know me?' "I did not explain, but it was easy 3 enough. At first glance I saw her hair V was short, that she wore eye-glasses. - and had on a plain looking sort of gray 1 cloth dress. Anyv doubts I might have had were soon relieved as I noticed 1hanging from her watch fob a small globe, being a miniature of the earth. Another earmarm was a small hand -satchel that .snapped loudly when -she closed it. I knew I could not be mistaken, and results showed I cor rectly diagnosed the profession of that, woman" BADGES OF MATRIMONY. - Worn by All Other Nations, But Tabooei Iby American Women. IAmericans are the only wonen in the v.orld who do not exhibit some sign of matrimony, says a writer in the Buf falo Express. Of course, those who fol -low in the wake of European etiquette wvould not appear with their daughters wearing a hat without strings, bat tihe universal American woman buys what she likes. regardless of whether it be matronly or not, and her daughters will -select articles of dress only suitable to married women. Ini no other country is this the case. Among the Germans the badge of a married woman consists of a litt'.e cap or hood, of which they are very proud. and "donning the cap" is a feature of the weddi~ng day among the peasants of certain localities. The married women of Little Russia are always seen, even in the hottest weather, with a thiek cloth of dark hue twisted about their heads. In New Guinea a young woman lets her hair hang about her shoulders, but when she is married this is cut short. Chinese womien braid their hair like a helmet. In Wadai the wives color their lips by tatt oving them with the thorns of the acacia and rubing them : with iron. filings. In parts of Africa the married women perforate the outer edges of their ears and lip3 and stiek rows of grass stalks in them. and among a cer tain Mongoiian tribe of people. the Manthes, the women. wear suspended from their ear a little basket full of cotton, to which a sinidle is attached. A Hereditary P'ost Office. The office of postmaster of Vienna,. thle capital of the Austrian empire, was created by Empress Maria .Theresa over a hundred years ago. and has re miained hereditary and salable-a queer institution in our time andl day. al though no queerer than the hereditary succession 'a nmonarehs. The post master of 4.~:enna has to furnish all tihe vehicles necessary for tile service, and the dlriy-:rNs thereo3f are in his personaI employ. At presenat lhe eml~oys three hiundred and fo rtyv drivers, blacksmiths. etc.. and five hunadred and thirty horses are under his whips. Steering a Parachute. The aeronart. Cayvazza, claimed re eently that his..archute was so con strueted that hre e yuld, to a certain ex tenit. control his 11iut through the air, and to prove his a sertion designated before his las t ascension at Paris the spot where he would ei~eet his descent. ile ros withZr his bhalloren to a height of twlv housarL'd feet. and actually came dowvn 'n the irppa te spot. al ti hough the wind was not favorable to iis deeet it se s therefore, that his steering apparatus works satisfac torily. Tir: president and Secretary of War Lamnont have changed the name of Sandy Hook to Fort IHancock, in honor of Gnaln Hnockn.-a