Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A REUNION IN COLlIM- A. DELEGATES AND PEOPLE MEET AROUND THE FESTIVE BOARD. Gratadl Ianquet Given 1y me Ctens 0 Coltub!a to the lyele;4tes of tile Conzstl tutoinal Couvention--It is Largely At tended. COLUiBL,. November 11.-The citi zens of Columbia gave the members of the convention a right royal time tonight. Without any ado or flourish of trumpets the substantial business men of Columbia indicated their fel lowship and kinship to the members of the Convention. The entire mem bership of the ConveLtion, was invited to spend at least one evening with Co lumbians as brother Carolinians. The union was a further and convincin< evidence of the feeling and good will and common interest that has prevail ed in and has actuated the work of the Convention. There was such an in termingling of opposing political fac tions, such good feeling and general good will that it would be altogether uncalled for to attach any poitical significance to the reception except that it emphasizes the era of good will that seems to have begun. The invitation to the memoers an nounced "a banquet to the members of the constitutional conventiongiven by the citizens of Columbia." It was a little after 10 o'clock when the jovi al and light-hearted members and their Columbia entertainers, who had been chatting in the Grand Central parlors, were ushered into the dinihg room. Dr. A. N. Talley, chairman of the committee, went in with Governor Evans, Col. Wallace with Congress man Talbert, B. L. Abnev and Con gressman Wilson. F. H. Weston and Dr. E. S. Joynes, R. W. Shand and Speaker Jones, J. P. Thomas, Jr.,and J. M. Sullivan. Mayor Sloan with At torney General Barber, and then came the members of the convention arm in arm with citizens of Columbia. The delegates are so well known that, as they say in convention, a rep etition of their names would be a "surplusage." Among the other rep resentatives of Columbia's citizens were: Chairman, Dr. T. T. Talley; Secretary, F. H. Weston; Master, J. S. Verner; Mayor, McB Sloan; Dr. E. S. Joynes, F. H. Hyatt, Col. J. (. Marshall, C. B. Simmons, Thomas S. Bryan, A. C. Squire, F. H. Weston, Col John T. Sloan, Col. Wm. Wal lace, W. J. Murray,E. W. Robertson, State Treasurer W. T. C. Bates, R. B. Bryan, Commissioner Mixson, Col. Wilie Jones, J. M. Roach, W. S. Pope, B. L. Abney. W. C. Whitner, W. Anderson, Geo. R. Koester, W. J. Keenan,R. W. Shand, John P. Thom as, Jr., J.-L. Mimnaugh, H. C. Pat ton, E. W. Wilson, J. Caldwell, Rob ertson, A. R. Stewart, W. R. Muller, W. B. Lowrance, Dr. W. C. Fisher, J. f.-Withers, W. B. S. Whaley, L. B. Folk, J. R. Hopkins, R S. Des portes, P. B. McCoy, W. A. Clark, R. A. McCreery, W, G. Childs, T. T. Moore, Superintendent W. A. Neal, M. L. Kinard, H. P. Clarke, B. W. Taylor, J. K. Alston, A. W. Ray, C. K. Oliver, T. A. McCreery, Fitz H. McMaster, . J. Watson, Paul M. Brice, Levi David, August Kohn, W. R. Davie, Jr., Secretary of State Tompkins, Secretary U. 1I. Gunter, Delegate -John McMahan, C. WV. White, of Richmond, J. A. Peterkin, of Fort Motte, J. H. Pearsoni, of Washington, Adjt. Gen. Watts and Assistant Adjt. Gen. Bruce. When the party reached the dinino room they found that Mr. Gillard hal done his part elegantly; that he had a bountiful suppy of tempting dishes, beginning wit oysters and runnino down by the turkeys and ducks~a *~gs then through the cold meats and . ' 'cie in vegetables, fruits and 'ofrtons. Then, too, there were pune und wines and, indeed, plen ty to 'd more than plenty to stisfy the mo m~ . gr. There were seven long tables, au '~fully arranged, with a profusion of fioWb and decorations. The orators of the evening' and their introducers were ranged around Dr. Tallev, chairman of the committee, and t'he patriotic secretary, Mr. Francis H. Weston. After prayer Dr-. Talley called upon Mr. W. A. Clark~ to welcome the guess Mr. ,Clark said the occasion was other than that of the ordinary, ban uet. The delegate to a Constitu~tion aConvention bears to his people the most intimate relations. We there fore feel that we are here with a most representative body of our people, and wre desire to welcome the people throiwgh you. in our CapitaL It de pends much on the form of govern ment as to what your Capital is and how it is regarded by the people. He reviewed history to show .how Rome and Paris became the pride of their nations. We desire that in all future ages Columbia shall be what Rome was to her people, and we want you to feel that you are welcome by our people. Senator Tillma~n expected to attend the banquet,but sent word thathe was quite unwell and could not attend. After the good-humored party had enjoyed the delightful repast prepared by the Grand Central Hotel Dr. Tal ley announced another attractive bill of fare in eloquence. Dr. Timmer man, in the absence of Senator Till man, was called upon to respond to the toast, "Our Guests." He said the delegates were delighted at such an opportunity for relaxation from their work. They all enjoyed the hospitality they had received in Co lumbia. He thouoht in the near fu ture there would 'ea political love feast as this had been. (Applause.) He hoped for the moral, political and - financial prosperity of the State. Col Sloan proposed the toast, "The State of South Carolina." He said his great wish was an Irarmonious and united people. He could not help say ing something for the great little State of State of Carolina, and he did in his eloquent manner. Carolinians may differ, but all love the State as one people. We have here. the most prominent men of Columbia, and this proclaims we want peace and happi ness among our people. He said Gov ernor Evans was one of the youngest, as he is one of the oldest, of them in bringing about peace, and he asked Governor Evans to respond for the State. Mr. Murray, of Berkeley, said: "South Carolina may be one of the smallest States, but she is the greatest for all that." (Great applause.) Governor Evans said he would rath er see South Carolina free than drunk, to paraphrase a sage expression. He felt like saying amen after Col.Sloan's speh, in the presence of South Caro ina's most august and powerful body, a body capable of doing almost any thing except adjourning, he felt al most afraid to speak for South Caro lina. Continuing he said.- "This State is not all here. You represent her sovereignty, but there is a constituen 8v who know that brains is more to be desired than prehistoric matters. No class made South Carolina great. no section, no faction can clafrn cred it for her greatness. Every citizen helped to make her great. There is one thing about which all will unite, and that is our past greatness. Bat why live in the past. Would that be .uficent for our future glory. We should look to the fu tire. The eyes of tile world are on you. iHe was satisfied that no one could point to the work of the convention with scorn. for all have worked for one end. As Governor it gave him great satisfaction and pleasure to see Columbia again throw her doors open to South Carolina. (Great applause) He hoped from the bottom of his heart that no iron lock or bar would ever again through political prejudice bar the .door against any of the people of the State. He believed this was the beginning of a new era in South Carolina. There has always been an individuality among South Carolinians, and where ever you find then you lind that love of liberty that is inherited by the peo ple of the State. What gave this State its character was its insiglit into State craft and its vast intelligence. You are to say whether that, shall be per petuatef. He was satidfied the con ventio:1 would not take a step bac ward. He was satistfied that in the efforts to do what cou!d be done for the State no ligh!s would be put out. He always believed when the good of the State was at stake all would join hands He thanked the people of the State for this evidence of future unity amon the white intelligence of South Carolina. The evidence of future pro gress and peace, and let us go forever on hand and hand together working for one end, the common good of the State of South Carolina. Governor Evans was given a round of applause. Mr. Gillard: "Let us take the echo on the wing and drink to the Confed erate soldier." (Applause.) Col. Win. Wallace introduced Con gressman Stanyarne Wilson. Con gressman Wilson responded to the toast to the United z tates, proposed by Col. Wi. Wallace. He said that no place could be better fitted for re sponding to such a toast than. Colum bia, the cradle of secession, from which all portions of our land could be reached, from the bleak regions of the North to those of the South,where the alligator alone held sway. He could say that if one State could claim more than another in keeping alive the fires of patriotism that State was South Carolina. And that when we had thought to go by ourselves our company had been found so pleasant we had been held in the Union by main force, and there we were now and there to stay. (Cheers.) This is a great country, the one that had shown the greatest ability to assimilate all people-Teutons,Slaves,Goths and, last of all, the son of Africa,under the 14th and 15th amendments, and as a country the greatest of all in civiliza; tion, with a strong government, and one to stay and one prepared to say thus, as an elder brother, we would see to it that no foreign hands should lay ruthless hands on any part of the New World. (Cheers and "Hurrah for Cuba:") And it could be depended upon. that when the United States should be called upon to say that these principles should stand, by force of arms if need be,South Carolina would show that the same spirit existed now as in the Revolution, that the fires of liberty still burned. All that Colum bia needs is for her to be placed in connection with the sea and be placed on the same footing as other cities similarly situated-a few feet of water. hat wbhile other cities were askino for many feet all Columbia wantea was four feet. It was time for her to ise to a question of privilege, to have er rocks blown up, and when this as done we would all come to the onclusion that Uncle Sam was a very god old gentleman. Dr. Joynes, of the South Carolina ollege. said that he deemed it an onor to be able to offer the toast "To ur educational institutions." When hs auditors were charged with the re ponsible duties of providing for the overnment of the people they should ee to it that the foundation of all gov rnment, education, should be well ared for. He had recently visited a ountry whose greatness had been uilt up by education. So France was 'ffs.img. The greatness of Virgin as was dueto the same cause. He call d on Mr. Rogers, of Marlboro, to re pond to the toast. Mr. Rogers said he yielded to no an in his admiration of educational nstitutions of State. First of all come he great University of the State and ollege for Women. Of the Univer sity he could say Carolina owed to her he oreatest statesmen and jurists of he State, and it wonld ill become the State now to forget her, and he dared ay that no member of the convention woul'd dare lay the vandal hand on er. While this was all true, the con ention should be liberal in their sup ort o'f the primary schools of the tate. As a son of a danomninational chool he would bid God speed to very institution of the State located ere. Col. Win. Wallace proposed "The nited States." Response by the Hon. tanyarne Wilson. Dr. Joynes offered: "Our Educa tional Institutions. Responded by Mr. ogers of Marlbroro. Mr. W. B. Smith Whaley, who is iost active in the industrial progress f Columbia, introduced Congressman W. J. Talbert to respond to the toast f agrculture. .o Talbert made a most admirable peech. Speaker Ira B. Jones responded to Our County and municipal govern ent;" General Hemphill to the Press," and Attorney General Bar ber to "Women." The gathering' then dispersed, in the ery best of good humor. Elopes With Three. FOLKESTON, GA., November 12. he arrest of Adolphus Snowden near here yesterday is the sequel to a re arkable elopement Ten days ago - Snowden eloped from nverness. Fla., with Mrs. Mary Burelson, Mrs. Salley Snowden and rs. Alice Snowden, the two latter being the lothario's sisters-in-law. Snowden is 19 years old and insignifi cant looking, while the women are aged about 30 and handsome. Each of the women, besides a husband, left several children and a comfortable ome. Sunday the elopers were lo cated near this place, where Snowden was living in Mormon style with the women. One of the women lie rep resented as wife, another as sister an~d the third as aunt. Yesterday the de serted husband's came here and caus ed young Snowden's arrest. While the women were in the boy's presence they were completely dominated by him, but when the oflicers removed him'they broke down, and, weeping, begged their husbands to take them back. They claimed Snowden exer cised some strange influence over they that they were powerless to re sist, and said he compelled themi against their wills to tlee with him. Snowden's doctor says the boy is an unconscious hypnotist, and by this power led the women astray. The husbands have not decided what to do with their erring wives-Atlanta Journal. Fifteen Were Drowned. LoNIoJ, Nov. 35. -The British steamer Leo, from Odessa for Copen hagen, has foundered off the coast of Denmark. Fifteen out of twenty-two 01R PORATI ONS. ONTINUED FROM IM;E ONE. baiting corporation which is a bank of issue shall he individually respon sible and liable to its creditors over and above the amount equal to his or her respective shares so held to secure the payment of its bills. Mr. Gage, continuing, said lie simp ly wanted to makethose who took the people's money pay it back; it was a simple matter. Mr. Stanyarne Wilson's amendment wanted to put the matter in the hands of the legisla ture. Mr. Wilson's substitute was then put and voted kown. .Mr. Oreorge Johnston'es substitute was put and on motion of Mr. Floyd it was tabled. Mr. Gage's substitute was about to be adopted, the vote being half through when Dr. Timmerman got the floor and spoke azainst Mr. Gage's measure, urging the points he had made at the morning session. Dr. Smith wanted to know if most of the banks didu't pay interest on the deposits. Mr. Gage's amendment was then adopted by a vote of 67 to 36. The whole section was then adopted as follows: Section 18. The stockholders of all corporations in case of insolvency shall be individually liable to the creditors thereof only to the extent of the amount remain ing due to the corpora tion: Provided, That stockholders in banks or banking institutions shall be liable to depositors therein, in a sum equal in amount to their stock, and over and above the same. NINETEEN AND TwENTY. Sections 19 and 20 were then adopted as follows: Section 19. The general assembly shall enfoi ce the provisions of this ar ticle by appropriate legislation. Section 20. Nothing prohibited in this article shall be permitted to be done by any corporation or company, person or persons. either for its or their own benefit or otherwise; by its or their holding or controlling in its or their own name or otherwise, or in the name of any other person or persons, or corpora tion or company whomsoever a ma jority of the capital stock or of bonds having voting power of any railroad or trans portation company or corpora tion created by or existing under the laws of this State, or doing business within this State. SECTION THREE AGAIN. The Convention then recurred to section 3. Mr. Glenn wanted to know what they meant by "public highway." Mr. Razsdale rose and said the con vention had already passed a section providing that counties could issue bonds for court expenses and public highways, but it was expressly the in tention not to allow them to issue bonds for a railroad, and if they were called public highways in the Consti tation it might give rise to a serious question whether bonds could not be issued for them. Dr. Stokes thought that even as the use of the word railroad was surplus age, the other terms used were not. Railroads should be controlled like the highways. Mr. lenn moved to strike out the first clause of the section. Mr. Stoires moved to table Mr. Glenn's amendment, but this the con vention refused to do by a vote of 46 to 54. Mr. Glenn's amendment was then adopted, striking out the sentence reading thus: "All railroads and road ways, canals and other waterways, used in whole or in part by corpora tions for the transportation of persons or freight for hire* are public high ways;" On motion of Mr. Stokes, the word "sleeping car" was stricken out. Mr. Farrow movezi to strike out the sentence reading "it. shall be unlaw ful for any such corporation to make any contract relieving it of its com mon law liability." Mr. Farrow aroued that better rates could be securedy such a release. Mr. WV. B. Wilson thought that it was a provision they should not strike out. It was becoming general. Mr. Lee did not think that the com mittee had gone 'far enough and he would like to add the words "or limit ing the same." The supreme court had decided that the libility of the common carrier could be limited. There was danger which should be avoided. Mr. Howell agreed with Mr. Farrow on this matter. Rates would certainly be higher. If a man made such a con tract or agreement, he knew what he would get in case of loss in advance. This proposed action was going too far. This would put an additional ex pense upon the great mass of the peo ple. ~Mr. McCalla said that Mr. Lee was eminently correct. The railroads had forced him to release them from all liability in shipping stock. Mr. Cooper- -Did I understand you to say that they refused to ship unless y ou shipped released? Mr. Mc alla-You did. The amendment was then voted down. The Lee amendment was then adopt ed and then the whole section was adopted as follows: Section 3. All railroads, express, canal and other corporations engaged in transportation for hire, and all tele graph and other corporations engaged in the business of transmitting intelli gence for hire, are common carriers in their relative lines of business, and are subject to liability and taxation as such. It shall be unlawful for any such corporation to make any contract relieving it of its common law liabili ty or limiting the same. SECTION FOUR AGAIN. Section 4 was taken up, and passed as follows: Section 4. Every other than religi ous, eduzational, or benevolent associa tions, corporation organized or doing business in this State shall have and maintain at least one agent in this State upon whom processmay be serv ed, and at least one public oflice for the transaction of its business: Pro vided. That nothing contained in this section shall be construed to por hibit the general assembly from pro viding for the service of process on any agent of a railroad corporation so as to bind such corporation: Pro vided further, That this section shall not apply to mercantile corporations." AS TO STREET RAILwAYS. Mr. J. K. P. Bryan moved to recur to section 6 and offered the following amendment, which was agreed to after some discussion: Add to section 6. "All street rail way corporations having rights of way or acquir-ing rights of way through the same street or parts of the same streets of any town or city in this State shall use in common the same tracks in said streets oi- parts of said streets, said tracks so used in common shall be built constructed and maintained at the joint expense of such street rail way corporations." The whole article was then sent to a third reading. TiHE NE w COUNTY 31ATER. Mr. Otts called up the section as to new counties. Several amendments were offered. On motion of Mr. Mc Gowan the further consideration of t he matter was made the snpeial ornder for iThursday at noon. To S.WE TIE. Mr. Sheppard, from the committee on rules submitted the following re solutions, which were laid over for consideration to morrow: I'Lesolved first, That when an article or resolution is presented for consider aton, the consideration thereof shall not be interrupted save by recess or ad journment, until the same shall be dis posed of. Second. That the "previous ques tion" is hereby abolished. That in lieu thereof it shall be competent for the convention to fix a time at which vote upon a pending question shall be taken. The time intervening between the date of the order and the time fixed to be equally divid ed between the mover of the question and the chairman of the committee, the chairman of the committee, being en titled to a reply. The motion to fix the time to be decided without debate. Third. The motion to fix the time for voting to take t e place of the "pre vious question" in the order of busi ness as rovided by rule 15. Fourth. That no member shall speak more than 10 minutes without the permission of the convention. The convention at 10:40 adjourned. COLUMBIA, Nov. 13. --Immediately af ter the reading of the journal this morn ing, the resolution, offered by Mr. Sheppard, on behalf of the committee on rules, intended to expedite business. were adopted without debate and with out objection. LOOKING TO LYNCHINGS& THE CONVENTION FURTHER CON SIDERS THE SUBJECT. An Interesting Debate Over the Section to Punish Sheriffs--What Was Said and Done. COLUMBIA, November 11.-Special When the Convention met this morn ing President Evans advised the sec retary to note all absentees and, ac cording to the rule of the Convention, all members who were absent and who had not leaves of absence would be "docked" for their pay. Mr. Rogers rose to a question of personal privilege-taking occasion to reply to an editorial paragraph in The State referring to him. Mr. Frank B. Gary then offered the following: Be it resolved by the Constitutional convention now assembled. That hereafter the speeches 'of delegates shall be limited to 10 minutes: Pro vided. however, that the convention may extend the time whenever it may deem it proper to do so. Senator Tillman said he thought the following, which he offered as a sub stitute, would accomplish the same purpose: Resolved, That the committee on rules be instructed to consider and re port Wednesday morning, the day for tinal adjournment of this convention, and that it shall be authorized to ar range a schedule of work for the con vention, fixing limit for debate, length of speeches and time of voting on the various articles and matters yet to be considered and acted on. This was adopted without any trou ble. Mr. McGowan then offered the fol lowing resolutions, which he said he offered because most of the important matters were being acted upon by practically little more than a quorum. Many of them had been here all through the session and others should do likewise: Resolved first, That all leaves of ab sence heretofore granted be and the same are hereby revoked. Second-That the sergeant-ayarms be and is hereby instructed to notify all absentees to report immediately to this convention under penalties to be imposed by this body. Third-That no leaves of absence be hereafter granted except in cases of sickness. Mr. Austin made some remarks in regard to this, and then Senator Till man said it was scarcelv necessary as the convention could refuse to allow pay to absentees. He said it looked as if the pay would be increased to $4 a day, which would be a considerable lever. Mr. Bellinger said that a great many of them had been there all along; that there were always enough present to properly conduct the business, and he saw no reason why such a proposition should be made. The resolutions were tabled by a close vote. THE ANTI-L NCHING SECTION. When the convention got ready for work Mr. Bellinger offered the follow ing as a substitute for section 6 of the article on jurisprudence, hoping Mr. Johnstone would withdraw his amend ment, which was the pending ques tion: Sec. 6. In the case of any prisoner in the lawful custody or under the control of any sheriff being taken away by any mob or any other unlaw ful assemblage of persons and suffer ing bodily injury or death at their hands, the said sheriff shall be pro ceeded against by impeachment at the next session of the general assembly, as provided in this Cnstitution in the ease of executive and judicial officers. And it shall be the duty of the solicit or of the circuit or attorney general to present to the general assembly ex parte affidavits as they may be able to obtain tending to sustain the im peachment. The official bond of the sheriff shall be liable in a sum of not less than $i2,000 as a penalty payable to the person so injured, or in case of death resulting- from violence re ceived as aforesaid, to the legal repre sentatives of said per-son, the same to be recovered by suit in any court of competent jurisdiction; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be con strued as relieving the sheriff of any criminal liability at common law or under the statutes. Mr. Johnstone withdrew his amend ment for the time being. Mr. Bellinger said that this simply eliminated the question of a change of venue from the section. Mr. Rogers suggested that the sec tion be passed over. Mr. Rogers said that the convention had declared that there should be proven some connivance on the part of the sheriff. He wanted to study it. He mov-ed to p ass the section over. Mr. J.- L. Glenn, who had opposed the section as it was first presented, then said that he was in favor of it in this form. It simply said that the sheriff should be impeached. Mr. Rogers said this matter was sim ply doing- with money what they had tried to do Saturday in another form -to hold the sheritf liable whether he was guilty or not. Mr-. Bellinger said that the sheriff was simply to have a trial by jury of his countrymen. If the sheriff con nives then he can be sued for damages just as anyone else. Senator Tiliman thought the change proposed would not mend matters. Mr. Bellinger-I would like for some of these gentlemen to get up and offer amendments instead of offering objections. Mr. Gary-We discussed this miatter Saturday until we got it to express the will of this convention. I therefore move to lay upon the table the substi tte of the gentleman from Barnwelt. Mr. Bellinger called for the ayes and nays. The motion to table was carried by a vote of 89 to 22. Senator Tilliian then offered the following amendmeint to be added to section 6: Provided also. In all cases of lyd'h ing the county where sucl lynching takes place shall be liable in exem plary damages not lhss than $1,000 After some little debate,'sone wish ing to fix it at $5,00(:, and some $1,000, the latter seemed to be fixed. Then General Grav wanted it to read "not less than $2,000." Senator Tillman accepted th:^s. Mr. Patterson moved to make it $1.000. Mr. Wilson stated. that they should add the words "to the person injured or the legal represertatives of the par ty killed.' This was accepted. Mr. Otts moved to table Mr. Patter son's amendment. This was lost by a division vote of 44 to 53. Senator Tillman exclaimed that they would never stop lynching un ess they made the people pay for it. Mr. George Johnstone arose to "say only a word" amid general laughter. He said that unless they put a lhrge amount in as the penalty they were merely playing with the matter. Mr. Stanyarne Wilson called the previous question on the whole article. It was not voted on, however. Mr. Bellinger moved to amend by adding after the word "shall" he words "without regard to the conduct of the officer." ADOPrED. Mr. Patterson's amendment was then put on a straight vote and the roll being demanded by Senator Till man, the vote stood: yeas 65, nays 48. Mr. Gilland asked some questions as to the matter and then Mr. Howell wanted to know if it applied only tc the sheriffs. He was informed that it applied to any officer having the pris oner in custody. Mr. Bellinger offered this amend ment: To insert the words, "In cases of lynchings the county shall." Mr. Wilson raised the point that the previous question had been called. The president stated that the previ ous question had not been called. The vote had not been put. The matter was getting in such a tangle, and it being the third reading of the section, Senator Tillman. rose and calling attention to this fact, said it was too important a matter to fool with lightly. He therefore moved that it be allowed to go over. Mr. Glenn said that this matte: was more a personal matter with the chair man of the committee, and that gen tleman would be forced to be absent after the morning session indefinitely. He thought they had better finish it. Then the section was continued. Sen ator Tillman's amendment as amended was left as follows: "Provided also in all cases of lynch ing the county where such iynchings takes place shall without regard to the conduct of the officer be liable in exempLary damages not less than $1,000 to the person so injured or to the legal representatives of the killed." Mr. W. D. Evans then sent in an amendment-the section and all amendments being ordered printed in the journal. Mr. Geo. Johnstone then renewed his amendment-which provides that the offending sheriff shall be tried in the circuit of which his county forms a part. __ THE FARMERS AND THE OIL MILL. The Relative Value of Cotton seed and Cotton seed Meal. The Director of the Georgia Experi mental Station contributes the follow ing article to the Atlanta Constitution and farmers would doi well to study the facts and figures given: There is no doubt of the facts that the advent of the cotton oil mill has been of :considerable benefi to far mers in enchancing the market value of cotton seed. At times there has been disposition on the part of some of the mills to squeeze the farmer, as well as the seed, in the terms they of fer. It is well, therefore, for the farmer to understand the actual and relative commercial value of whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal, both for food and for fertilizing purposes. Accord ing to the best authorities the following are the fertilizing contents of one ton each of cotton seed and cot ton seed meal, and the commercial value of one ton cf each, based on a valuation of 15 scents per pound of available phospheric acid and 5 cents per pound of potash: In one ton of cotton seed there are 6 pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phosphoric acid, 23 pounds of potash ; the value of one t-m is $11.40, the val ue of 100 pounds fs 57 cents. In one ton of cotton seed there are 142 pounds of nitrogen, 56 pounds of phosphoric acid, 36 pounds of potash; the value of one ton is $25.84; the value of 100 pounds is $1. 29. By an easy calculation we find that one ton of cotton seed is equal in fer tilizing value to 8S0 pounds of cotton seed meal. This estimate takes no account of the superior mechanical condition of the meal, n-r its greater concentration, which involves less la bor in hauling, mixing, etc., and greater promptness of action when applied to the soil as a fertilizer. The calculation is based solely on the con tents of fertilizing elements in the seed and meal respectively, as shown by many analyses. The advantages of this superior mechaical condition and concentration are certainly worth something to the farmer. In addition to these advantsges the cotton seed meal is in better .condition for feeding to milch cows an d other cattle. Sup pose we granit that these advantages are together equi valent to 10 per cent. of the value of the meal. Then de duct 10 per cer t. from 880 and we have 880 less 88-792 pounds of meal as the approximate fertilizing equiva lent of one ton of cotton seed. In round numbers we will call it 800 pounds. Then we have 830 pounds of meal, equivalent to 2,000 pounds, or one ton, of cotto.' seed, the exchange to be made withrout expense of haul ing to the farmer. It seems then quite clear that a farmer cannot afford to exchange one ton of cotton seed for less than 800 pounds of meal, free of the expense of hauling. With these simple data it should be in the power of any farmer to decide for himself whether a given offer would be rea sonable or profitable for him. Valu ing cotton seedl meal at $20 per ton, the farmer would have a marg'in of $2 to cover hauling expenses whien the mill man offers him 1,000 pounds of meal for one tona of seed. How far can lie afford to haul one ton of seed toward the mill and 1,000 pounds of meal to his farm. We learn that sonme of the mills are offering just the exchange above suggested, viz., 1.000 pounds of meal in exchange for one ton of seed, the mill to uav railroad freight on the seed and the farmer the freight on the meal. We understand that the mills at present prefer to buy the seed for the cash and store away the meal for fua ture consideration (and higher prices.) We have heard that the oil mill comi bine has adopted $7 per ton as the maximum price to oe paid for seed until further orders: and we have not heard of hig-her offers than 30o cents pr huudred pounds, or $6 per~ toni. nt we hna revinnslv shown that for manuring purposes cotton sced are worth 57 cents per hundred pounds, or $11.40 per ton. It is mani fest. therefore. that not M nor even 47, is a fair price for a toll of cotton seed. Now. if the oil mill will i make a corresponding, reduction in the price of meal. and the fanner shall avail himself of the sinme at once, no harm will be done. It makes little differ ence how small the price offered for cotton seed if the farmer can get the meal at a corresponding pric'. At $6 per ton for cotton seed the rarmer should not be required to pay iore than $15 per ton for meal- the mill paying for hauling and delivery both ways. But should not the farier receive some partof tho valut'e of the oil hat is expressed fromi the seed and 'oldi Certainly, we would say. unless it be true that the expenses of the mill plant, the operatong expenses and the exigencies and uncertainties of the trade--to which should be added a fair per centage for profit in capital invested-shall require the full value of the oil extracted and the value of the remainingby produacts-the bulls and litters. We learn that one -ton of seed yields the following pro ducts: Meal.....................750 pounds Oil....... 33 gallons or 250 pounds Hulls.................... 978 pounds Linters....................20 pounds The 33 gallons of oil at 17c... $5. 60 The 978 ponds of hulls at $3 ton................ 147 The 20 pounds of linters at -)c per pound........ 60 Total, exclusive of the meal $7.68 If the mill man gives the farmer SO pounds of meal for one ton of cot ton seed (only 50 pounds more than the ton of seed contains) he still has marketable products to the amounts of $7.68 less the value of the fifty pounds of meal, or about $7.:30. Out of this margin of $7.30. net product of each ton of seed, how much will be required to pay mill expenses, interest, wear and tear, profit on capit'd, etc f We are not prepared to say, but it seemsa good wide margin, and that the farmer should have at least the value of 400 pounds of 'meal, or say $3 worth, which would leave $4.30 per ton to the mill out of which to pay the above recited charges. This'would be equivalent to a basis of exchange of 1,200 ponnds of meal for2.000 pounds of seed, freights to be paid both ways by the farmer. We may be in error, but think not. If in error, let the mill men point it out. The Cotton Crop. The firm of Latham, Alexander & Co., of New Yorc, is recognized as one of the most reliable authorities on 'ot ton estimates. The firm has an army of correspondents all over the cotton region, and its circulars contain valu able information. On the 26th of October, they sent out 3,500 letters of inquiry to "select ed, reliable correspondents." To these letters 2,632 replies were received, and they should form the basis of a pretty accurate estimate of the present cotton crop. These replies are tabulated as follows: Average of 295 letters makes Alaba ma 33 per cent . decrease or 670,000 bales. Average of 244 letters makes Arkan sas 33 petr cent. decrease or 570,000 bales. Average of 52 letters makes Florida 15 per cent, decrease or 51,000 bales. Average of 454 letters makes Geor gia 27 per cent. decrease or 949,000 bales. Average of 153 letters makes Louisi ana 37 per cent. decrease or 378,000 bales. Average of 363 letters makes Missis sippi 23 per cent. decrease or .864,000 bales. Average of 21.1 letters makes North Carolina 34 per cent. decrease or 307,000 bales. Average of 222 letters makes South Carolina 26 per cent. decrease or 592, 000 bales. Average of 162 letters makes Ten nessee. etc., 28 per cent. .decrease or 252,000 bales. Average of 474 letters makes Texas, etc., 45 per cent. decrease or 1,802,000 bales. Average 2632; estimated total crop of United States 6,435,000. The weight of bales this season is 10 to 12 pounds lighter than it was last year. Latham, Alexander & Co. have re ceived 2,418 letters giving estimates of the crop from every State in the cotton region. The average of them all is 6,680,000, which is considerably larger than the firm's estimate, based on its latest information. Few of the firnm's correspondents report any dis position on the part of the planters to hold back thein cotton. It now seems probable that the crop will not exceed 6,500,000 bales. Something Worth Knowing. Prof. William Jones, of Harvard, in his text book on Psychology, says: "Could the young but realize how soon they will become mere walking bundles of habits they would give more heed to their conduct while in the plastic state. Every smallest stroke of virtue or of vice loaves its scar. The drnnken Rip Van Winkle i.n Je fferson's play excuses himself for dvery fresh dereliction by saying: " won't count this time."~ Well; he may not connt it, an-I a kind Heav en mnay not count it, but it is being counted none the less. Down among the nerve cells and fibers the mole cules are counting it, registering and storing it up, to be used against him when the next temptation comes. Nothing we ever do is, in strict scien tific literalness, wiped out. Of course, this has its good side as well as its bad one. As we become permanent drunkards by so many separate drinks. so we become saints in the moral, and authorities and experts in the practi eal and scientific spheres by so many separate acts and hours of work." What Smoking Does for Boys. A certain doctor, struck with the arge number of boys under 15 years of age he observed smoking, was led to ingnire into the effect the habit had upon the general health. He took for his purpose 38, aged from 0 to 15, and carefully examined thtem. In 27 he discovered injurious traces of the habit. In 22 there were vario'us dis orde::s of the circulation and diges tion, palpatation of the heftrt. and a more or less taste for strong drink. In 12 there were frequent bleedings of the nose, 10 had disturbed sleep. and 12 had slight ulceration of the mucous membrane of thte mouth, which disap peared on ceasing the use of tobacco for some days. The doctor trented them all for weakness, but with little effect until the smoking was discon tinued, when health and strength were soon restored. Now this is no "old wife's tale." as these facts" are given under the authority of The Medical Monthly.__________ Clingiug to the Rigg'ing. Le'mos. Nov. 15.-A large bark is ashore at Wembury Bay, Plymouth. The crew has taken to the rigging. There is a tremendous gale on and a lifeboat and tug have been vainly try - ing for hours to reach the vessel. fI is fenard that all on bardl will nerish. OVER-WEIGMT BAGGAGE. Reason Why the MI tefuse1 to ray Extra Charges. The following in'ident occurred at a railway .station near Rochtdale.says the 1Iorida Tims-Union. A young nman was standing beside some luggagte waiting for a train, when a porter came up to him and said: "Sir. that luggage is over-weight." "Who says it is?" asked the man, who stammered badlv. "Well. I think it is," answered the porter. -but we will weigh it." During the conversation a crowd had collected round them. anti another por ter caie up and a %k what was the matter. The man stamimered out: "F-irst he says it is over-weight: then he-says he th-inks it is over weight. and th-u he savs he will wei.gh it.' The porters then took hold o. the luggage and carried it to the office and weighed it. "It is over-weight, and you have got fifty cents to pay," said porter No. 1. "Sh-an't pay it," the man said. "Well, if you won't pay it, we shall fetch the station master," said the por ter. "Fetch wh-o you like; sh-an't pay it," again stammered the man. The station master was duly fetched. and on arriving asked what the bother was about, when the man again said: 'F-irst he says it is over-weight, and then he th--inks it's over-weight, and then he weighs it, and says it's over weight, and I have fifty cents to pay. Sh-an't pay." "Well." said the station master, in a rage, "why won't you pay it?" "Because it is not my luggage," an swered the man, and walked off. LAKE OF BOILING LAVA. One of the Natural Curiosities on the Island of Hawaii. Mauna Lon, the gigantic Hawaiian volcano, has two craters or openings, one of which. Kilauea. is the largest ac tive volcanic crater in the world. The mountain is fourteen thousand one hundred feet high. and Kilauea is situ ated on the eastern side. about four thousand feet above the level of the sea. This marvelous crater, says the St. Louis Republic. is really a vast lake of boiling lava which rises and falls continually by the action of subterra nean fires. In tossing to and fro like a troubled sea of molten metal, the lava is dashed against the cliffs and hardens there in the form of long, glassy fila ments, gigantic knobs, miniature trees, and in imitation of glass. leaves, etc. Another form of glassy filament to be found along the shores of this fiery lake is in the shape of queer bunchcs and tufts of lava made up of an aggregation of vitreous threads which the natives call "Pele's hair," Pele being the goddess to whom the mountain is dedicated. These glassy threads appear to be caused by the passage of steam through the molten lava. In so doing small particles i the shape of bubble-like balloons are thrown into the air, leaving a tail be hind like a comet. When the scene of these miniature steam eruptions is near a rock or the shore, all solid and cool surfaces are found covered with bunches of "Pele's hair." This "hair" was formerly used in mystic native cer emonies. and of late years has been gathered in large quantities by curiosity seekers. WATERMELON STORIES. They Are Beating Fish Yarns Out of Sight and the End Is Not Yet. The fish-story Ananias is not sustain ing his reputation this summer, andI the watermelon Ananias is rapidly pushing him from his well-earned and long-held position, says the Boston Her ald. Accounts of incredible melons rush in restless wvaves from the south, while the season has not brought forth a solitary story of a wonderful catch of fish and that ten-pound brook trout has not as much as shown his nose up to date. A gentleman of the name of F. M. Caffey, of Ilaynesville, Lowndes county, Ala., has come to the front as the hero of the champion melon novel ette. It is stated' .that he nulled a wa termelon from his patch during the session .of the Baptist association at Iaynesville, which tipped the beam at seventy-three pounds. It is said to have been cut and set before twenty eight delegates and visitors to the asso cation, and that after their appetite had been fully gratified the report is that there was enough left for a half dozen more melon munchers. As Mr. Caffey's portrait~ does not accompany the account of the melon in the local newspaper, there is every reason to believe that he is a myth and the story an ananiasism. Of course, this melon will be cast into the shade by a melon of .still greater size. and there is a itrong likelihood that the business will not stop before a one hundred-pound production comes to the front. The G;eorgia gooseberry that weighed fourteen and three-fourths ounces knocks this Caffey melon sky high in point of daring invention. Something About Moonshine. Thle astronomer royal for Scotland states that when the moon is half full its brilliancy is not neariy one-half as great as when it is quite full, Hie at tributes the brightness of the full moon and the lack of brightness in the half noon to the variations in the reflected sunshine which are due to the rugged ess of the moon's surface. The high peaks and immense chasms on the :noon's surface are constantly at cross purpose in their mode of reflcting light. The bright streaks which the teescope proves to emanate fronm cra ers and chasms are largely invisible under cross light, but are brilliantly lluminated when the sun shines full pon them. Breaches of Etiquette In China. It is a gross breach of etiquette for a hinamuan to wear eyeglasses or specta :es 0in ompany, and it is equally im olite to enter a room with the hat off. gentlemnan from tile celestial king iom alwvays remains covered to shlow his respect. The Columbia Register says of the anquet tendered the members of the ostitutional Convention by citizens f Columbia Monday night: The anquet last night, tendered the mem ers of the Constitutional Convention by representative Conservative and eform ciI'ens of South Carolina hould show the people of the State that Columbia is not hide-bouod and has no animosity toward any wvho can claim to be sons of South Caroli na. While we may ditier in the, fut ture, last night's scenes and words give promise that we will diifier as riendls and not as enemies. Hereaf ter all the white sons of South Caroli a will settle their dillferences among| hese-es and hand in hand press orward to tuphold the honor of the State and udvance her pros perity. SE'nRETARY Morton is enthusiastic| over the Atlanta E-xposition, wvhich as n educational institution lie believes ncomparably superior to the 'World's1 'aiir. President Gilman, of Johns Iopirs University, is credited with| the same opinion. | MoRE than 185,000 persons comnmitt d suicide in the dif'er-ent countries of the world during the year ended Sep enber 30, 1895. This is an increase f narely 91 oe rmS 12. I . AKIf4 POWDER Absolutely Pure. A cream or trar taRing p3rdac Highest of all in leavening strength.-Ls test United States Government Food Ra. port, Royal Baking Powder Company, 106 WallSt..N. Y VALUABLE DOG COLLARS. Gold and Precious ems Often Used in Their Decoration. "I can assure you that you have not been misinformed as to gold and pre clous gems being used to decorate dogs' collars." said one of the best-known dealers in such articles to a New York _New reporter; -but the craze is far more prevalent in France, Russia and England than it is here. "Not many weeks ago I supplied to the special order of an English lady a dog collar that cost fifty guineas. It was a chain collar of silver and gold links, alternately, and with a gold bell to hang in front. French ladies are very fond of watch dog collars, a small gold watch being let- into the front of the collar, and I have made several of these. But in scores of cases I supply beautifully-made collars with name plates of solid gold, and often enough with gold 'bosses' as well. Nearly all the collars of this class are intended for carriage dogs and drawing room poodles, and in most cases the dogs do not belong to men, though the latter order and pay for the collars as presents. "A fashion has'lately had great vogue in France of putting tiny bracelets round the forelegs of poodles, and I have scen even diamonds set into these circlets. At the same time, in my own stock. I have lots of dog collars ranging in price from fifteen to one hundred dollars. The most remarkable collar I have ever made was to the order of a gentleman from South Africa. It con sisted of nuggets of gold and an uncut diamond, which he supplied, and it was given to a well-known lady as a pres ent." BIRD COLONIES. Great Cliffs Within the Arctic Circle Where Millions Nest. Within the arctic circles are the great bird colonies. The largest and most remarkable i that of Svaerholt Klubben. Every inch of this wonderful cliff, which rises about one thousand feet from the water's edge and is of consid erably greater breadth, says the Den ver Times, may be said to be used by the birds. The discharge of a small cannon in the immediate neighborhood will darken the air with millions of birds, but even then a field glass will reveal the innumerable ledges white with the undistur bed millions. These consist almost entir'ely of the small gull (Rissia tridactyla), and they arc a source of considerable income to the owner of the colony, who lives at the little fishing station ,close by. About the middle of May each year. by means of a long ladder placed against the foot of the cliff. lie proceeds to col lect the eggs. Of..these there are at most three to each nest; an&tirilth ber taken averages from six thousand to ten thousand annually, or the prod uct of, say, three thousand pairs of birds. Ropes are not used for this purpose at Svaerholt. as thef~ are in the Faroe isles, so that the highest of the above ligures represent oniy a very small per centage of the yearly production of the colony, as by far the greater portion of the cliff face, where the nests are packed as closely as they can be, re mains absolutely untouched. A PULLMAN PORTER'S REASON. Why We should sleep with Our Heads Toward the Engine. "In riding on a Pullman car," said a colored porter more than usually ob servant. according to the Chicago Trib une, "sleep with your head to the en vine. There arc not so many head-on collisions on the railroads, experience has shown. and besides the danger is less from a rear-end calision. The reason for this is that every passenger train has its own right-of-way and runs regularly, and is looked for by the train ahead of it. The greatest danger is from a train behind which doesnit know when we have stopped or broken something and been forced to stop. This is the chief reason for sleeping this war-. but there are others. "You get the draught in the right place." the porter continued, "with your head toward the engine. Your head feels cool n. ithout being exposed to the :lood of air you would get if you were pointing the other way. But the most important reason for traveling this way is the matter of the circula tion of your blood. The motion of the train is so strong and steady that it sends all the blood toward the end that, is farthest from tize engine. Put your feet to the engine and the blood goes away from your head. leaving it cool and easy, so you can rest like a child. When you have got yourself fixed this way. and. moreover, have got in the middle of the car, because it is the safest. then you are ready for a good night's sleep." ____ TENEMENT HOUSE DOOR BELLS. There Is the Very ihest of Reasons For Placing Themx JEigh on the Door P'o.ts. .Strangers in this city often notice that door hells are almost invariably placed one or two feet higher on the door posts of houses in the tenement districts than is usual in more prosper ouis neighborhoods. and the discovery is always provocative of inquiry. Are poor folks taller than the rich and well to (10. that they should b~e obliged to lift their hands five feet or more to grasp the bell? Or is this merely a eus tom among tenement house builders. andl is there no particular reason for itt' There is, a reason and a Very goodi one, too. says the New York Iherald. Tenement neighborhoods literallyv swarm with children. and children, whether wecll born or ill, are common ly possessed of the "Cld Nick." There is nothing in the word that an unre ecnerate youngster so loves to do as to pull a door bell and run round the cor aer to observe from a' safe vantage, wvith fie-ndi-sh glee, the diracomnfiture of the woma~ ni who leaves her baking or .iishwashing~ to answer the summons md tind-nobody. In well-to-do nieighborhoods the sup >ly of maischiievo)u- urebins is limited. Ximong the tenmients they swarm. [ienee the hi:;h dlor bell is there a ne :essity aunl a defense. L ONDON, Nov. 15.-The Admiralty ias receiv-ed a dispatch from Shanghai :aying that the steam launch of the 3ritish cruiser Edgar had been sunk, ith a loss of frty-eight live