Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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CHURCH AND STATE. POPE LEO OBJECTS TO THEiR BE!NG SEPARATE IN AMER!CA. Au Encyclieal that will !ot Comen hi Holiness to the I.over. of o iio erty in the Uinitec Statev. WASINOTO'. Fe. p.-The text of the encvelical of. Pope Leo to the Church in America is given to the public. It is a docuineit of about six thousand words in len-:th and opens as follows: To our Venerable Brethren. the Archbishops and Bishops of the Unit ed States of North America, Leo XLII, Pope-Venerable Brethren. Health and Apostolic Benediction: We tra verse m spirit and thought the wide expa-ise of ocean. and, although we have at other times addressed vou in writing-chiefly when we directed en cyclical letters to the Bishops of the Catholic world-vet, have we now re solved to speak 'to you separately, trusting that we shall be, God willing, of some assistance to the Catholic cause amongst you. To this we apply ourself with the utmost zeal and care beeause we highly esteem and love ex -ceedingly the young -and vigorous American nation, in which we plain lv discern latent forces for the ad vancement alike of civilization and Christianity. Not long'ago. when your noble na tion, as was fitting. celebrated, with grateful recollection and manifesta tion of joy, the completion of the fourth century since the discovery of America, we. too. commemorated to gether with you that most auspicious event, sharing in your rejoicings with equal good will. Nor were we on that occasion content with offering prayers at a distance for your welfare and greatness. It was our wish to be in some manner present with you in your festivities. Hence we cheerfully sent one who should represent our person. HOW "THE CHURCH" ASSISTED AT THE BIRTH OF AIERICA. Not without good reason did we take part in your celebration. For when America was as yet a new-born babe, uttering in its cradle its first feeble cries, the Church took it to her bosom and motherly embrace. Columbus. as we have elsewhere expressly shown. sought as the primary fruit of his voy ages and labors to open a pathway for the Christian faith into new lands and new seas. Keeping- this thougrht con stantly in view his first solicitude, wherever he disembarked, was to plant uwon the shore the sacred em blem of the cross. Wherefore, like as the-ak-of Noah surmounting the ov eriowing waters bore the seed of Is rael together with the remnants of the human race, even thus did the barks launched by Columbus upon the ocean carry into regions beyond the seas, as well the germs of mighty States, the Qprinciples of the Catholic religion. Thatyour Republic is progressing and ' by giant strides is patent to ;and this holds good in religious matters also. For even as your cities in the course of one century. have made a marvellous increase in wealth and power, so do we behold the Church, from scant and slender begin mngs, grown with rapidly to be great and exceeding flourishtng. TH&MKS FOR LIBERTY. BUJT WOULD PRE .FER POWER. Thema2in factor, no doubt, in bring ing things into this happy state were the ordinances and decrees of your synods, especially of those which in more recent times were convened and confirmed by the authority of the 'Apostolic See. But, moreover. (a fact _which it gives pleasure to acknowl edge,) thanks are due to the equity of the laws which obtain in America and to the customs of the well ordered Re public. For the Church amongst you. unopposed by the Constitution and'Government of- your nation, fet tered'- by no hostile legislation, pro tected against violence by the common laws-and impartiality of the tribunals, is free to live and act without bin-, drance. Yet, though all this is true, it would be very erroneous to draw the conclusion that in America is to be sought the type of the most ulesira -ble status of she Church, or that it *would be universally lawful or expe dient for State and Church to be, as in America, dissevered and divorced. The fact that Catholicity with you is in good-condition, nay, is even enjoy ing a prosperous growth, is by all, means to be attributed to the' fecundi twith which God has endowed His ~harch, in virtue of which, unless *meir or cirotnstances interfere, she spontaneously expands and propagates herself; but she would bring more abundant fruits if, in addition to lib eyseenjoyed the favor of the laws adtepatronage of the public au thiority.* WORIG TO ESTABLISH CATHLICITY. ForForur part we have left nothing done, so far as circumstances per-~ ' r nreserve and more seahdvy establish azl6iigyett.C'ath~lic re ligion. With this intent we have, as you are well aware, turned our atten tion to two special objects, first, the advancement of learning; second, to perfecting methods in the manage ment'of Chrc affairs. "WE" ESTABLISHED A UNIvERSITY. By a letter, therefore, dated the 7th day of March. in the year of our Lord 1889, directed to you, venerable breth ren, we establis'hed at Washington, your capital city-esteemed by a ma ;jorit of you a very proper seat for the higher studies-a university for the instruction of your men desirous of pursuing advanced courses. In an announcing this matter to our venera ble brethren, the Cardinals of thelHoly Roman Church, in consistory. we ex pressed the wish that it should be re garded as the fixed law of the univer sito unite erudition and learning wih,'endness of faith and imbue its students, not less with religion thtan with scientific culture. To the Bish ops of the United States we entrusted the task of establishing a suitable course ot studies and of supervising the discipline of the students, and we conferred the office and authority of chancellor, as it is called, upon the Archbishop of Baltimore. And, ,by Divine favor. aqgnite happy begmnmg was made. For without any delay, whilst you were celebrating the hun dredth anniversity of the establish ment of your ecclesiastical hierarchy. under the brightest auspices, in the presence of our delegate the Divinity classes were opened. From that time onwards we know the theological sci ence has been imparted by l gence of eminent mnn t&-: ro *.m of whose talents and learning receives a fitting crown in their recognized loy. alty and devotion to the Apostolic See. THE AMIERICAN COLLEGE IN RO31E. We wish now, venerable brethren, to commend to the gene'rosity of your people the college, which our prede cessor, Pius IX,. founded in this city for the ecclesiastical training of oung min from North America. which we took care to p lace upon a firm basis by a letter dated the 25th day of October, in the year of our Lord 1 S84. We can make this appeal the miore confidemtly utse the results obtained from tis institut' n have by no means belied the expectations commonly enter tained. The love which we cherish towar ds the Catholics of your nation moved us liwis to turn our attention at the very beginning of our Pontjfcate to Ithe colvocat()n of a thir(d Plenary Council of Bal imore. Subsequently, wheii the Archbis!ops. at our invita lion. 1".d coet a e e diligently inqre'd , Ir!m themn what they deemId !moSt .ondlaeive to the comn mon d. e *dallv. and after ima ture deliberation, ratitled by apostolic authority ih decrees of the prelates as sembled at Baltimore. A PAPAL LEt. TE 1N THE UNITED STATES. But when the Council of Baltimtore had concluded its labors the duty still remained of putting. so to speak. a proper and becoming crown upon the work. This we perceive, could scarce ly be done in a more titting manner than through the establishment by the Apostolic See of an American lega tion. Accordingly, as you are well aware, we have <lone this. By this action, as we have elsewhere intimat ed, we have wished, first of all, to cer tify that in our judgment and affec tion America occupies the same place and rights asother States. be they ever so mighty and imperial. In addition to this we had in mind to draw more closelv the bonds of duty and friend ship 'which connect vou and so many thousands of Catholies with the Apos tolic See. NOT TO ANTAGONIZE THE BISHOPS. But how unjust and base would be the suspicion. should it anywhere ex ist. that the powers conferred on the legate are an obstacle to the authori ties of the Bishops. Sacred to us, more than to any other, are the rights of those "whom the Holy Ghost has placed as Bishops to rule the Church of God." That these rights should re main intact in every nation. in every part of the globe, we both desire, and ought to desire the more so since the dignity of the individual Bishops is by nature so interwoven with the dignity of the Roman Pontiff that any meas ure which benefits the one nessarily protects the ot her. Therefore, since it is the office and function of an Aposto lic legate, with whatsoever powers he may be vested, to execute mandates and interpret the will of the Pontiff who sends him, far from his being of any detriment to an ordinary power of the Bishops, he will rather bring an accession of stabi lity and streng h. His authority will possese no slight weight for preserving in the multitude a submissive spirit; in the clergy discirline and due rever ence for the Bishops: and in the Bish ops, mutual charity and an intimate union of souls. And. since this union. so salutary and desirable. consists mainly in' harmony 1f thought and action he will no doubt bring it to pass that each one of you shall persevere in the diligent administration of his dioeesan affairs: that one shall not im pede another in matters of govern nient: that one 'shall not pry into the counsels.and conduct of another; fin ally. more, with disagreements eradi cated and mutual esteem maintained. you may all work together with com binded energies to promote the glory of the American Church and the gen eral welfare. It is difficult to estimate the good results which will flow from this concord of the Bishops. Our own people will receive edificatton, and the force of example will have its effect on those without, who will be persuaded by this argument alone that the Divine apostolate has descended by inherit ance to the ranks of the Catholic epis copate. Another consideration claims our earnest attention. THE CARDINAL DOCTRINE OF SUBMISSION AND OBEDIENCE. All intelligent men are agreed, and we ourselves have with pleasure inti mated it above, that America seems destined for greater things. Now it is our wish that the Catholic Church should not only share in, but help to bring about, this prospective great ness, We deem .it right and proper that she should, by aviling herself of the opportunities daily presented to her, keepequal step with the Republic in the march of improvement, at the same time striving to the utmost, by her virtue and her institutions, to aid in the'rapid'growth of the States. Now she will attain both these objects the more easily and abundantly in propor tion to the degree in whichi the future shall find her constitution perfected. But what is the mneaningo the 1ega tion of which we are speaking, or what is its ultimate aim except to bring it about that the constitution of the Church shall be strengthened, her dis cipline better fortified? Wherefore, we rdetlydesire that the truth shall sin da byday more deeply into the minds of Catholics, namely, that they can in no better way safe-guard their individual interest and the common good than by yielding a hearty sub mission and obedience to the Church, SOUND DOCTRINE ON MARRIAGE. The .encyciical then affirms the Christian d'ogma of the unity and in dissolubility of marriage, and renews condemnation of divorce. As regards civil affairs, those of the clergy who are occupied with the in struction of the multitude are enjoined to treat plainly the topic of the duties of the citizens, so that all may under stand and feel the necessity, in politi cal life, of conscientiousness, self-re straint and integrity: for that informa tion be lawful in public which is un lawful in private affairs. In like man ner let the priests be persistent in keeping before the minds of the peo ple the enactments of the Third Coun cil of Baltimore, particularly those which inculcate the virtue of temper ance, the frequent use of the sacra ments, and the observance of the just laws and institutions of the Republie. A wARNING AG AINST sOCIETIES. Now, withiregard to entering socie ties, extreme care should be taken not to be ensnared by error. And we wish to be understood as referring in a special manner to the working c'lasses who assuredly have the right to unite in associatio'ns for the promotion of their interests, a right acknowledged by the Church end unopposed by na tre. But it is very important to take heed with whomf they are to associate. else, whilst seeking~ aids for the im provement of their condition, they may be imperiling far weightier- in terests. The most effectual precaution against this peril is to determine with themselves at no time or in any mat ter to be paties to the viola tion of justice. Any society. thereforet which is ruled by, and ser-viley obeys persons who are not steadfast for the r ight and friend ly to religion, is capable of being ex tremey prejudicial to the interests, as well as mndiv iduals, as of the comnmuni ty; beneficial it cannot be. Let this conclusion, therefore, remain lirm, to shun not only those associations which have becai t;enly condemned by the judgment of~ the Church, but those also which ini the opinion of intelligent men, and especically of the Bishops. are regarded a~s suspicious and dan gerous. CATHOLICS sIIl-LD ASSOCIATE wiTH CATHOLICS. Nay, rather, unless forced by neces sit y to do otherwise. Catholics ought to'prefer to associate with Catholics. a course which will be very conducive to the safeguarding of their faith. As presidenuts of societies thus formed anong themselves, it would be well to apoinit either priests or upright lay men of weight and character: guided' by whose counsel, they should endea vor peacefully to adopt and carry into effect such messures as may seem ad vantageous to their interest, keeningr in view the rules laid down by us in our encyclical Ierum Novarum. Let them however, never allow this to escapie their memory, but whilst it is proper and desirous to assert and secure the rights of the many, Vet this is not to be done by a violation of du ty: and that these are very important duties. not to touch what belongs to another. to allow every one to be free in the management of his own atfairs, not to hinder any one to dispose of his services when he pleases and where he pleases. The scenes of violence and riot which you witnessed last year in your own coun try sufficientlv admonish You that America too is threatened with the audacity and ferocity of the enemies of public order. This state of the times, therefoi e, bids Catholics to la bor for the tranquility of the Common wealth, and for this purpose to obey the laws, abhor violence and seek no more than equity or justice permits. A WORD TO THE PRESS. The power of the press as an agency for good or evil, and its value, in aid ing the clergy in their work of elevat ing mankind, is acknowledged, and journalists are enjoined to be equally zealous with the priests to instruct. admonish, strengthen and urge the people on to the pursuitof virtue, and to the faithful observance, amid so many occasions of stumbling, of their duties 'towards the Church. Let Catholic writers, therefore, bear im pressed on their minds our teachings and yours on this point, and let them resofve that their entire method of writing shall be thereby guided, if they indeed desire, as they ought to desire, to discharge their duty well. Solicitude is expressed for the wel fare of dissenters, and Indians and ne -roes, and the encvelical closes with the appostolic benediction to the Bis hops, the clergy and the people. THE DO NOTHING SENATE. LCONTINED FROM PAGE ONE.) the single gold standard.- I wish to say for one that never, never in a time of peace, will I voteto issue one bond by this Government for the pur pose of securing gold in order that the country may remain on a single gold standard. Mr. Cullom-I would like to hear from the Senator whether the Finance Committee is likely to arrive at an agreement on any policy which would produce more money for the use of the Treasury. Mr. Vest-It would be proper that the chairman of the committee should answer that question, but in his ab sence I venture to remark that I don't hink there is the slightest possibility of the Finance Committee of the Senate agreeing upon any bill to be reported to this body. As to legislation to meet deficiencies, that question is not now, in view of the statement of the Secretary of the Treasury, one of any importance. The Secretary of the Treasury stated to me day be fore yesterday that he needs no legis lation to meet any deficiency, and that no deficiencies exist. Mr. Sherman-A member of the Fi nance Committee said the contest whe ther this country should be on a stand ard of silver or on a standard of gold could not be longer avoided. That was the question which looked in the distance. He had hoped that for the present session at least it would not have to be taken up. Every man in the country who was familiar with the financial conditions felt that it was necesary to extend to the Govern ment some relief under present cir cumstances, and yet Senators were told that they should give no relief what ever except with the adoption of a measure for the free coinag of silver. He believed that the aoton of the system of free coinage of silver would degrade the nation among the financial people of the world. among the busi ness men of the world, and among the laboring people of the world. It would do so more than any other measure that could be devised. If, therefore, the choice lay between a gold stand ard which was the highest and best, and which was the standard of all the ivilized and Christian nations of Eu rope, while the other standard had been rejected over and over again. "But,' Mr. Sherman continued, "I have always believed and I still believe~ that both silver' and gold ought to be main. tianed as the circulation of this coun try-gold as the highest measure of value in all our commercial relations abroad and as a basis of our~ commer cial and business relations at home, and silver to be used to the largest pos sible extent, so long as it does not demonetize gold. I am of that belief now; but, I am bound to say that the Committee on Finance is utterly help less to agree upon- this vast question. We are quite divided upon it. We are not allowed to pronose a measure to this Senate, which all can approve of unless there is attached to it a provi sion for the free coinage of silver. We know that measure would be rejected; and therefore it is not insisted upon, so as to prevent an~y relief being ex tended to the people of the United States in their ditess. "The best thing, therefore for the Senate to do is to discharge the Com mittee on Finance from the further consideration of this question and to take it up itself and give the necessary relief to the country. "Mr. Hill said there seemed to be a dispute as to what this Congress - was required to do to meet the public expectation. In the public mind there was an impression that some affirmative legislation was desired to meet the present deficiencies in the revenue of the Gov ernment and that Congress, unmindful of its duties, was refusing to give the necessary relief to tide the Treasury over the emergency. It was for the pur pose of meeting the alleged deficien ies that various bills had been intro duced. Mr. Sherman had said that the revenues should be increased and Mr. Vest had said semi-officially that no such legislation was required but that it was desired that we should settle tie currency question. Mr. Hill continu ed that the first duty of the Senate *s to ascertain what was wanted by the Administration and the Treasury Department, whether it wanted temn porary relief or some elaborate legisla tion involing a change in the currency and financial system of the country. Mr. Vest interrupted Mr. Hill to state that the President in his message said therelwas no deficiency, but a sur pluis, but that it was not in gold. Mr. Hill replied that there were those who thought the President's message took a rather cheerful view of the condition of the condition of the finances. How ever, lie called attention to the fact that the estimate of the Secretary of the Treasury suggested a deficiency of ten million dollars. The Senate should have it definitely determined whether any temporary fiscal legirlation was wanted or something more radical, for the reason that he believed that the country should be put aright on the subject so that the Administration might deal fairly with Congress, and Congress fairly with the Admmnistra in LET US HAVE PEACE., A PATRIOTIC APPEAL TO THE PEO PLE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Let the White Men of the State Get To gether and Stand Together as They did In 1876. To the Editor of the News and Cou rier: Brothers, embittered and estran ged with high indignation that scorns reconciliation, meet at the sick bed of their mother, mingle their tears and prayers, and are friends forever more. No explanation, no adjustment of past differences; only a solemn recognition in the private sanctuary of each soul, or the nothingness of a petty pride and resentment when compared with tlie immutable bonds fixed by Nature -the awful responsibilities of living. In voting for the Constitutional Con vention I cherished the hope that the solemn duty of Constitution-making would prove the means of reuniting our distracted people, as a foreign war calls all Frenchmen to but one love and but oue duty. Are South Caro linians less loyal? Blood is thicker than water, and though, in this com mercial age, fellow-citizenship has ceased to mean blood-relationshin and the sentiment of patriotism is growing weak, yet no other people have a more "national" character and spii it than South Carolinians, for none have a more pronounced agreement of minds and of interest, which is the condition that is the efficient cause and ra'tional basis of harmony and patriotism. Hence South Carolina has always stood as a unit, guarding zealously her interest against the rest of the world. SOLID FOR SOUTH CAROLINA Though of late her citizens have been arrayed in two hostile factions, yet while their passions were inflamed and their. understandings convinced as they cannot be again inflamed and convinced against each other, all at tempts to bring them to open party division have nevertheless failed. The verdict is unmistakable. In their an griest moments the great body of our people have clung to the semblance of unity. . They would not cross the Rubicon. And why should they? Could we know where lies the path to the highest welfare of our State who would follow another path? If we go different ways we are lagging in the race. All our honest differences are due to wan1+ of information and to er rors of judgment. As rational'men our one duty is to search diligently, to reason together, and thus finding, shoulder to shoulder pursue the true path to the welfare of us all. With indignation exhausted and passions now cooled,with understand ings sobered and disposed to grapple rationally with the causes of the dis tressing- conditions that are now upon us, with a wider range of view now than when, five-mile post below in our ascent of this century, we formu lated opinions and went to battle upon them. there is among us a growing onsciousness of the groundlessness of continued formal division, and a yearning for unity. To this desired result the near approach of the Con stitutional Convention has contributed no little, and the renewed fraternizing f our people should find its consum mation in the election of delegates to that Convention and in the conduct of these on its floor where many a cour tesy can be shown by chivalric gen tlemen. How shall these delegates be elected is the absorbing problem. Patriotic promoters of unity have suggested a plan, but the task is more delicate~the uncture in our affairs is more critical than seems to be fully appreciated. here is a method wich will leave nature to take its course, whereupon the wound will heat on first inten tions, and there is a method which might mistakenly interefere with na ture's work, keep the wound a run-. aing sore and possibly make. of it a' lasting scar. A blunder here would be a crime. Be sure we are right, and then go ahead. EITHER FACTION SHOULD BE RECOG NIZED. The plan of prorating delegates be tween the Conservatives and the Re formers was naturally the first to be thought of, and, therefore, is but a step towards the discovery of one less rude. Such discussion and approval s it has received have done much to ultivate and further disseminate that spirit of unity which has been slowly growing among us. But let us not beguile ourselves into believing that a ounty shcould select its delegates as onservatives and Reformers. Let not this Convention go down in history as ne in which delegates acted as Till anites and Anti-Tillmanites. Let s not push an artificial and personal ivision to a result so belittling to the State. Let there not be parties, and onsequent caucusses and drove-like oting. Let each member be free to speak to the reason and conscience of he others with expectation of win ine, with no recognized impassable gul between-no lurking prevailing suspiion that every proposition is a rojan horse. If the Constitution be he product of such a Convention it ill be an enduring monument of hame to our State. Let men stand ot,on past. but on living issues, not n personal or factional, but on ra ional agreement, with one agreed remise on which all appeals may be based-supreme loyalty to South Car lina. Thus only can the Convention e a deliberative body or afford to suc eeding generations an honorable and ignified example of patriotism, as a onvention in which men met as South Carolinians, knowing in their ounsels no p arty affiliation, but the tie of South Carolinians. NO PLACE FOR FACTIONs. Not only is the presence in the Con ention of Conservatives to i epresent heir faction and of Reformers to rep resent their faction essentially wrong as well as calculated to keep our peco p le in opposing camps, but to elect elegates ou such a basis of mathemat ical division is to count for naug'ht the personal preferences of the individual voter and the views of the intended elegate on the vital questions that may or should come before the Con ention. Let us not "forestall the will f the people." "convert the primary into a mere machine to register the will of the bosses," or in any way cur tail the opportunity for free and ef fective use of the ballot. The time has passed when a Conservati"" or a Re former is willing to leeave it to lead ing men of his faction to do his think ng. SHOULD NOT BE PASSED UPON BY THE PEOPLE. Especially should those who insist that the Constitution should be refer red back to the people for approval advocate the selection of the Constitu tion makers by the free and untram melled individual suffrage of the peo ple after the fullest public discussion and interchange of opinions. How ever the delegates be selected, so deli cate a work, necessarily a compromise of many views,containin possiuilities of which experience alone can prove the good or evil, could hardl meet the approval of the people itn "ery detail before it had be-n tested in1 op eration; and hence. were -.. the nio*t perfect of Constitul iois. the costs of making it would probably be wastefd if it must be referred back to tie peo ple. But if accepted it must be as it comes from the Convention, without adding to or taking from. If. there fore, the people are to have their say in regard to their Constitution it should be not after the work is done. but before; the delegates should no where be named by meetings. for in these the average citizen takes no part. A CO31PRO31ISE OF INDIVIDAL OPIN IONS. The Constitution must be made and put upon us by one hundred and sixty men, and must be largely a compro mise of the individual opinions of this small number. The character of the Constitution would be as uncer tain as the turn of a die were delegates selected with regard simply to their personal prominence and worth. But as long as we do not depa: t from our theory of representative government we shall run no such risk. If all the men of a county with the prerequisite qualifications of character, to be true to their trust and intelligence, to be competent to carry out their purposes, are urged to go before the people as candidates and present their views backed by every bulwark of truth they can bring to their support. in structing the people in the principles of government and becoming them selves instructed by the new thoughts which debate develops, the. minds of the opposing candidates, of the people and of the press will all be stimulated, and the result will be that any one hundred and sixty of all these candi dates in the State could then make a better Constitution than they could haveimade without this friction which generates thought. But the one hun. dred and sixty elected (if reason is permitted to rule) will unquestionably make the best possible Constitution for South Carolina in this last decade of the nineteenth century. A CONSENSUS OF SOUTH CAROLINA THOUGHT. They will be the exponents of the consensus of South Carolina thought as to South Carolina needs and pur poses. What-they agree upon will prove to have been the resultant of the various. intellectual and moral forces of South Carolina-the high-water mark of her governmental develop ment at this time.- And we must re member that no -State should have a Constitution for which she is not by internal evolution prepared. More's Utopia, like Locke's Institutes of Gev ernment, would be a dismal failure. That government is.best which is the product of the genius of its people. MERE LEGISLATION SHOULD BE' EXCLU DED. In illustration of the justness of these principles, consider the disposi tion of many to incorporate into Con stitutions matters of mere legislation. All legislation is experimental and liable to early repeal or modification. What folly it would be to one hun dred and sixty men, whose opinions on this head had not been thoroughly sifted, the power to embody in the Constitution statutory laws which would be almost as unchangeable as the laws of the Medes and P'ersians' Proper discussion before the peopie should result in a general acceptance of the only safe rule, which is to put in the Conlstitution only fundamental principles and policies on which all agree, and are con fident of continuing to agree, leaving the people ample power to deal through the Legislature with any problems that may arise. Matters of legislation should be left for future political and legislative forensic contests, as physical, social, intellectual and moral conditions shall unfold. PUT CANDIDATES ON OATH. If such a canvass and such an elec tion as above indicated can be held, then the Constitution will be the pro duct of the best thoug-ht . of the State, vindicated as such before the calm reason of the people. In such a can vass p resent divisions would be oblit erated and new and temporary align ments would be made, as should be the case if debate is not a mockery. But such a canvass is impossible un less we can keep off both evil and ill advised quack remedies. Fortunately we have at hand the means of doing this-the primary provided for State officers by the new Democratic Con stitution. By requiring of the candi date an oath~ that he is not put for ward by any faction or cliques it forces him to stand on his merits and the merits of his views, and leaves the voter to exercise his free choice. This amendment of the party Constitution is worthy of admiration, for it is a long step towards perfecting popular government. Now of all.times do we need its beneficial operation. A PRIlAiRY SHOULD BE HELD. The State executive committee should provide for the nomination of elegates to the Convention by a pri mary held in all the counties on the same day after a canvass, and plcdges similar to those required of State can assers by the new Democratic Con stitution. The distinguished patriots who com pose the party doubtless contemplate such a canvass,and they and the Con ention they have called cani conl cn trate in its behalf the moral forces of the State. . STRONG AND SIGNIFICANT. If I seem to regard the Democratic party as "the people," that is my meaning. I am not prepared to say that in 1860 the South foug-ht for merec slavery and for no principle and the results of forcible violation of consti utional limitation have ripened into right, that we owe any moral obliga ion to the war amendments to the United States Constitution,thiat "pros perous and successful crime shall be alled virtue." JOHN J. 3MCMLH AN. Columbia, S. C., January :25. 1895. STATESuperintendent of Eduication Mfayfield, who is the secretary of the board of trustees of the Winithrop Nor mal College is no w daily receiving ap plications from professors arid teach ers in all parts of the counti-y for posi tions as members of the faculty of the ollege. The election of the faculty :oes not take place until July next. he superintendent. however, is to be elected on February 19. THE American Farmer says Argen tina threatens to do to our cotton crop what she has done to wheat. She has n immense area of the tinest kinid (f :otton land, and in Italy has an al most exhaustless reser-voir of cheap labor to draw from. Our cotton plant ers cannot begin too early to look squarely at this alarming posec. THE New York Advertiscir is i-e minded that General Washington was the victim of merciless political attacks when he was President. Gener'al Gates once alluded to him as that "dark, dhe signing, sordid. ambitions. vain. proud, arrogant and vindictive knave." Political denunciation seems. to have rown decidedly tame in these later THZE LIE.'~ THi.E SUN. XAvi t n .rgn of th-: world 'Tuhcy z'eh with th-ir bright banners ofhba' dr n. !.: bouund-irieS 01' lILD Th..-d rivzr3 deep, ...1' Ligi and steep. i:o :he fray Thi . . f :h.:. ith and day, s * . .,ws go, \V:- : . : their warnings blow. Strive au. v an. : :ht is pressed Farther a . farth.-r o.wn the west. With -ol: I'P pea . I zia-ning lance The c-.I.ris cf the i..y advance. Thus, da:1;, is the hat.: won By the travo sCl !irs of the sun. -Frank D. Sl.orm:. in Harper's Weekly. A FORSAKEN DUTY. But It Was Trll Cared for by a Brave Girl. "I won't be able to drive the stage to-morrow, Lou." "Whyv not, Tom?" A faint tinge of color flew to Tom Carlin's cheek. "I want to go down to Jimtown to morrow on business. I'm going to take the morian., train." "What business?" "That's my affair, Lou, and don't you ask any questions," he answered grufIly. The girl at the otherside of the room came to her brother's side and laid a hand on hi; shoulder. "I'm afraid, Tom," she murmured, sadly. "Afraid of what?" "Afraid that those rough men you have been taking up with lately will lead you into trouble. You are going to Jimtown with themi- know it. Oh, Tom, don't go. For my sa:e. Towu." She placed a arm around his neck and looked pleadingly into his eyes. Ile hesitated a moment and then started to his feet, throwing her from him. "Don't make a fool of yourself, Lou. I'm going to Dismarck in the morning and that settles it." "I thought it was to Jimtown." "Well. Jimtown, then." "You ought to be here, Tom, attend ing to business. Don't you know that Henry Gordon is going north to-mor row norning with fifteen thousand dollars for the bank at Sykeston?" "Of course I know it," replied Tom, a strange glitter in his eve. "The more fool he for not taking the train and going around by way of Jimtown instead of carrying that amount of money across country." "The moner must be in the hands of the bank by to-morrow afternoon," re turne. the girl. "If he goes by train. via Jimtown, he won't reach Sykeston before milnight." 'Well, it's none of my affair," mut tered 'ITomn: "I wonder who I can get to run the stage for me?" "I will, Tom." Ile started forward impetuously. "No, no, L-u-not you!" h cried. "Not vou, anyone but you! Promise 'me you won't run the stage!" Ilis words were wild; his looks plead ing. She drew herself up a trifle sternly. "If you forsake your duty when you are needed most, it devolves upon me, who love you and care for your re'puta tion. to ztep into your shoes and do the work vou fail to perform. I shall run the stage!" ie turned his back to her and walkedl toward the door. There he paused, the spirit of good striving within his breast to overcome the spirit of er:1. IBut the strife was in vain. Ie faced her once more with a cruel laugh. "I see through your scheme, Lou. Yotu're setting your cap at this Gordon -you're afraid he'il get into trouble with that fifteen tho~usand dollars of his-ha, ha. ha! That talk about your brother is all very fine, but it won't wash. I'm off for Jimttown, anyway. Good-by. Lou!" Waiting for no parting word from his pale-faced i.ister, Tom Carlin passed out of the house. Ihalf an hour afterward a knock fell upon the door of the little "shack" where Tomt Carlin, the stage-driver. and his sister lived. The knock was twice repeated before it was answered. Lou at once threw-open the door, and when she saw who the caller was would have given the world had her' eyes held fdwer traces of tears recently shed. "Come in, Ihenry." she said. A young man with a handsome, reso lute face stepped into the room and caught her hand. "Good-evening, Lou," said he, and then, noticing her red and downcast eyes, lie' would hir'e said something further but stopped himself with an effort that was almost a sigh. "Pardon me for calling at this un seemly hour, Lou, but I wished to talk with Tom. Is he here?" She shook her head mutely. "There are two or three desperate looking strangers in town, and I came to ask your brother if he thought there would be any dlanger in my taking that money north to-morrow. Do not think mec cowvardly, Lou: it is not my own money, you know-I should feel differ ently if it wvere otherwise." "Tfhere is not the slightest danger, [enry." she replied. "Tom is not here, so I will answer for him." "Thank you," lie returned. "You ave rcassured me, but-" Ie paused. "But w hat?" she asked. "Nothig," hie returned, catching her ands and looking wistfully into her ae. "I shall have something to tell you, Lou, when I come back from Skveston." "Tell me now." Smiling, lie shcok his head. Bringing her hand quickly to his lips he kissed it, .caving her at once with an abrupt good night." "All aboard for Sykeston!" It was a woman's voice that spoke n w--':l -- '.- nmsesi came dashing p to the Dawson house di..,- . ose river .inge. T'. ur passe :ger's came out of the ho t.i, atuo:: them Ihenry Gordon. See ug Lou Carl in on the box lie stopped "Wheres Tom, Lou?' he asked. ".1 ;mtoWn," she~ answered, briefly. Gor'd.m's race became grave. "Whe ::n did he :ro?" "On this morning's train." "The~ three o'clock train?'' "No p'ssengers took that train from this sta'tn. I was at the depot when it rol.ed out." L alnreeled in her seat and al no..t i .. the ground. ( ,". lened en beside her'. "You ar' il:''i~ hexlaimued. ovrin" herself n itii an ':Gr ut. "u :y you ai'e not goingt to drive the sti r" ""S'r"i' I 'tm!" she replied, with comn press ' 1~p. "That looks like business, Shenonted to a Winchester rifle mim at her feet. 1.1 rou are not well enough." re tur::d Gordon, with a shade of anxiety in his .'aee. "Nonsense!" she cried, with a forced laugh. "All aboard, Henry! We're o ride out hre with yon. A- n. t: . - raneh a hait V -h:.- -. wr, tartedl en tim e cti-L., "will you taie i.trge 1:' Sie dr-:: :: ::d looked at him with w .;- V ys. Then a hal She 1 ien deceived in Gordon. lie "Cerai::!y." she replied, in a distant voice: "you bear the risk of placinz this in my hands?" "'Risi: " Ile said no more. The taunt in her voice was ill-concealed. le understood it and turnel away his he::d. The stage drev neuw the rocky coteaux which they were to cross. Barely had they' enter.-d the pas! when three n::slced men stepped from behind a bowi.er. They had guns in their hands. "Ilat:" cried one of them, in a hoarse voice. One o his companions sprang to the horses' heads. "What do you want?" cried Lou Car lin, with a white face. "We want a word with that man be side you." Then for the first time Lou noticed that the two rubbers had covered Gor don with their guni. Quil: as a fla:.h she stooped down. picked up the rle at .er ftet and brouti:t it to he .r. :.::ning at the form of the rman nezar.t i;er. "For God's sk. Io :" exclained Gordon. "be cae With a qu nick ::..eet he struck the weapon froi h-r hads. At that instant ttee c:.::e the sound of two re'r ienn s one. A sht f:. : ron Just as a passeg.er fired fro.: h .a. (;or-dii Tel. fro:n his .eat, ciroppng like a loz Iy the re::;::-. With a cry of : :uish Lou Carlin le:ned down beside him. . As she stooped over she heard her own name called. The voice was familiar to her ears. One of the robbrstaggering about on the pr::irie and clutching at the air sank to Ie o. "MV God:' eried L ou. Leaping f rar:. :-he tore the mask from the robLers f.:c, then started back wil and dropped senseles-; be side him. It was her brother Tom. Henry Gordon was not killed, al' though for days L lingered at the con fines -f the grave. Ire was delirious and in his wild talk he told, over ard crer ::a::.1. sus picions of Tom Criirnw h.e hid seen him associating w.hvi de-p.rate men-how lie kr. w, or fear d. I v was planninz to rob the stage-ti::1 !- had given the money to Lou, knowing that she wou'd be safe from molestation at her brother's hands. Lou, wan and sorrowful, sat beside him and nurmed him back to'li.e. IHer eyes vere first. to meet his when be once more loolc'd ont upen, the world. and her quivering hands bru.,hed his forehead as she asked if he would not soon be well. "Yi es, Lou," he answecred; "and Tom?" Slowly she drew back the curtain, and pointed off over the prairie to a new-made grave in the dist~ance. Trears feli fast f'romn her eyes-there was no nee of words. "Fornrive iim. hlenry, forgive hi:" she said, brokenly, falling to her knees beside the bed. "Freely, freely, God knows!" he mur mured, kissing her brow. Then he spoke other words in a whisper and she returned his kiss and laid her head beside his.-Chicago News. Sensible Farmers. The farmers of Abbeville County ecently adopted the following pream be and resolutions at a public meet ng' "Wheieas, we, the farmers of Abbe yille county in convention assembled, fully realizino'the financial depression hich is paralyvzinn' all the industries f the country~ ana especially laying its blighting touch upon agriculture, the art of all arts, the science of all cience, the life of all life," do earn estly appeal for the co-operation of all armers in the adoption of such meas res as may avert impending bank uptcy and ruin. Instead of the cheer ful song of contentment and happi ess which should bless the home of the American farmer, we find agricul ure, the basis of all national prosperi ty, languishing and dying, while the uiversal wail of hard times and suf fering is heard all over the land. That this anomalous conditioni of af fairs should exist during seasons 0r bundant harvest is evidently the re sult of corrupt financial legislation in: the interests of capitalists. While we are powerless to remnedy the evil, save through legislation. yet it becomes us as hu.'o.ndmen and pat riotic citizens. x'vho cher'ish the love of ome and country. to adopt such nmeas res in our agricultural pursuits as ay enable us to meet the emergency owt conf:'onting us. Therefore be it Resolved 1st. That the excessive area heretofore devoted to the produ.c tion of cotton be greatly decreased. and instead of ma'king it the principal rrop increase the acreage of corn, so as to make it supply the demands of the farmers. Resolved :2nd. That farmiers decvote ~ore attention to the production of sorghum, potatoes, peas, hay and other' Food crops. Resolved :3rd. Inutead. of' hain our' aat houses in St. Louis and Chicago. et us erect them upon our own premi ses and fill them with home produe Resolved 4th. That the excessive use of commercial fertilizers be dis>-n tinued and when purchaa-d, it be upon the cotton option basis. Resolved 5th. That the railroad ommissioners take immediate steps to have a reduction on all freight for fertilizers at the rate of-40 per cent. on 11 through freight and 50 per cent. n local freight. Resolved ith. That we enicurag erection of cotton fatctoies nan ll ~ther enterprises in our midst, which will employ labor and utilize the raw prodcts of the land. Resolved 7th. We pledge oursel ies carry out the foregoing resolutions and call upon the farmers of South Darolina to unite in doing likewise. Resolved 7th. That the press of the State be requested to give publicity tol these resolutions. A careful calculation as to the in ancial loss inflicted by the late cold na in Florida places it at 87. i; ,0010. rhis is assuming that the orange trees are not killed, and takes into) accounIt he loss of but half of t-he orange crop )f 5.000.000 boxes. as well as of lem ins. limes. pineapp~lle planats and the ust quantities of tropical vegetables that are raised in Florida for the early arket in the North. and which are about all killed. It was the most ex pensive frost that ever visited that POWDER Absolutely Pure. A cream of tartar Daring powder. ighest of all it le ivening strength.-La e4 'nited States Governvent Food Re port. tUnyal Baking Powder Companv, 106 Wall St., N. Y. NEVER DELAYED IA PA YMENT NEVER COMPROMISED A CLAIM. NZVER HAD A LAW0S UIT. -- Such is the record of the - STAUNTON LIFE IN:URANCE COM2AN T, Numers of Beneficiari Testify~ to its Piomnptuess and Soundness. Na tir-! ?'reia n a Li vic on c'19 mos - Approved Piars. The eew "Conpen Po'icy" of the St'a ton Lif~e is a m )del of simplicity. In addi tio-. to afl th - bet features of.modern Life insuratnce it provides for the payment of the 'coadion" 8IME D IATELY -after death, without notice or the formali ty of proofs. Ttie "coupon'' co.vers 10 per cent. of the ftaee of thepolicy, and is liad dition thereto. Agat.; w mtad. Liberal Conmbiston Live mea ca-1 make big money. Address Jnla. 8, Reynolds, -General Agent, coccnnBI t. .e. C. This Handsome Rattan BO K worth the world over $5.00, will Is sent to any person who will sed'as $1.85. Six Cane Seat CHAITRS, -iihd light, worth $1.00, at 65c. eachz. 40 yards of Straw Matting $380. $10.50 for~ an Oak Bed, Burems, and Wash Stand to match. Send for Catalogue of Enrnima, ooking Stoves, Baby Carriages,Suw ing Machines, Buggies, Lamps,(de .ry, etc. L F. PADQETTW M kroad Street, Augista,, RICE MILLS. ~- 4- ,..' ta~ Rice Mill in e- - K- a rn-'th rice is V..- an' I9ms out anbe norated a e:hrce per day. O ~'. n-* rfna vertical and a-Z -:2. o: 2 nd singlea gear. - Gisa- dPe Wrond wor ag tnachinery.