The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, January 23, 1895, Image 4

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FREE %SILVER 1)EFIAN:)EI THE MAiN H )? O THE SOUT H AND THE WEST. Col. Youmians. ElabortessmeoHi Idea. on 3Ionetary- Q1uetions, and Ar gues in Favor of the Whit e Metal. To the Editor of the State. In endeavoriii to ciply wi:h the request of your correspondent "MIore Than One" I shall at first :ttempt to meet your exceptions to my position on silver ts expressed in your issue of November 26th. In your editorial of that date you hold that the free and unlimited coinage of silver at the -ra tio of 16 to I should be entered upon only by international agi-eeiment. that its adoption by this country alone would reduce our monetary unit to a fifty cent standard, and that it being so regarded by the great trading na tions would be a disaster. The ies tion of international agreeient is al ways broached by the ad cocates of the gold standard. whenever the re mintage of silver is proposed. not that they have any idea of accompluig anything, for they know that is i possible: but it is advauced. often like lawyer's move for a continuanc1(e. merely for the purptose of evasion and postponement. Three times has this aovernment admitted the disastrous ef ects of the gold standard by calling for international conferences to rel.. bilitate silver and three times have the American delegates labored uoner the humiliation of rising in the eon ferences to vainly beseech the Eauro pean delegates to join with, :'m in undoing the treacherous roobey :. Sherman and Ruggls anicu tn e conspirators, who en.iieered the ue monetization of silver through a 'on gress apparently as ignorant of the faws of finance 'as the average voter' of the South and Northwest appears to be of his own interest. Those who now pretend to deny that the present distressing situation has been caused by the refusal of free nuntage of sil v-er, would do well to rad and co sider the admissions of our goveri ment made by- those who. as her delc . gates, voiced her sentiments in these conferences. Even John Sherman wrote Mr. Goesback, a delegate to the International Monetary Conference of 187$, as follows: "During the Mone tary Conference in Paris when silver in our country was excluded from cir culation by being under valued, I was strongly in favor of the single stand ard of -old, and wrote a letter. which vou wil find in the proceeding of that conference. stating briefly my view. At that time the wisest among us did not anticipate the sudden fall of silver or the rise of gold that has occurred. This uncertainty of the re lation between the two metals is one of the chief arguments in favor of a mono-metalic system. but other argu ments. showini the dangerous effect upon industry by dropping one of the precious metals from the standard of value outweigh in my mind all theo retical objections to the bimetallic sys tem." In his address in this confer ence Professor F. A. Walker said: see International Conference 1878,. page 8Pr-"Yet even more important, in the view of the delegates fronm the United States, is the probable effect upon the production of wealth, result ing from the diminution of the money supply of Europe and America, alrea dy accomphish'ed or in progress, ---trough the gratuitous demonetization of silver. Cutting,'as in the first in stance it does, to the very quick into the profits of the enterpreneur,o.- man of business, which profits constiaute the sole motive to production un.cr the modern organization of industry, and, enhancing, as in its ultimate operation it must, the burden of d debts and fixed charges,.- publ1c, pri vate or corporate;hich debts and chargres are. in ef ,the mortgage which the&ntatives of past pro -direboln upon the products of cur rent industry-a diminution of the money supply is one of the gravest evils which can menace mankind ** ** Suffocation, strangulation, are words hardly too strono-to express the agony of the industrial body when embraced in the fatal coils of "the con tracting money supply. *** Against so great a wrong to civilization and to the hopes of mankind the representa tives of the United States here pres ent, raise their earnest protest and warning." Again in the international confer ence of 1881, William M. Evarts~chief delegate of the United States (see in ternational monetary conference.,1881, pages 322, 323 and 32S> said: "Th~ey thought that the way to get at a unity of comnage was to have but one metal in the service of the world for its money. This was a clear subordina tion of the end to the means: this was a sacrifice of money that could not be spared in its volume and in its force. in order that the symmetry Qf the mintage might be more conveniently attained. This was in the nature of a sacrifice of the great and manifold tranactions of an open conmmerce to the convenience and the simplicity of the bookkeeping which records it. The act of 1873, a coinage act. as I un derstand it to have been,which,- under this unlucky incident of regulating coin, has assunied to suppress oniehlfl the intrinsic money of the State * What is it competent. within the cour age and wisdom of this conference. for it to propose that shall accomhisn. or shall promise. or shall tend to ac complish this great result of placing the money of tne world abreast with its burdens and responsibilities and untrammeled in the discharge of Delegate How (see sanme, pages 242 and 243) said: "We~ do not seek a pinched market pining for our so-egll ed precious metals- We rather wish to find a busy and lusty wvorld to help cosume the really precious fruits of our agriculture. WVe seek a thrifty world to pay for them. It is the pro found beliet' of that gov-ernment that no such world is possible if its mojney is to be limited to a single me-tal.* * And it is not to be forgotten that the demoralization of silver means the retirement of not only nearly half the world's coin circulation, but of mnore than half of its convertible paper is. sues. It means to double the weight~ of existing obligations and to coi pres the world's activities into half their existing scope" The delegates to the international monetary conterence of 1892 on behalf of the L nited States reiterated-the same sentiments. (Sc. international monetary conference 1892, page 54, appendix A). The mn who constituted the several delega tons were noticranlks or Populists, but representative men,. selected thr-ough tai ordinary channels of goverunment ' their iintelligene, integrity and ability to voice at these conf'erenices the se'ntiments and opinions of the United States. And in doing so they fuly sustain my position as e-labora ted in my three~ at-ticles on the low price of cotton, that the inevitable re sult of discarding silver froin the mints would be a contractlun mi the circulating medium, which would double the burdens of alt debts. taxes and fixed charges, and by proportion oil:u1 - zit' . - xzts C ker -sl i.i. - l ;. : .I it wou ltd. as twas I id )n le th e s 1k tnt oI tli:ai m, pauind S (CC~k zl I. 111C1i,: Ori 1 r .I l ' he lt-avy h f I paraiysis on the r.adl' o tI twen Said Prof. W:dkr: -'C-l ain SO r a r tC ciil ;it " mId( to the hones of m: aLlI [d. to ersn tatives the 1 Stat... wre... es en t t I hei .*-n' pro t s I d warni-r." Thisi-s 1hw lil oe." -i ereiv - -na ..i. "o- lw ll n" C Cth --dew o lie 0-C ttr I:" forCC : atly w1ith the cxreiCn th gatts in su:iii my poCman. he tirst witn ss i shall t-sne I v whC'i'oIC perhans ii'n- full than any I w :0-' C .: th :-m iments S 4)f the rI x-, r , v. I ee in t(ei. Ia n,. ! Sont'1 C ry*hCC tCnfern 1S78, nI '->..:. --3r. Br chCiQ re o nized that Cihe, Unitt iSta thd a great interest 1 havi.l: thier countries make equal as of t w :als.*41 for theIr miionetary circul;;ation -and give equallY to bothl tia leCal tedrhcter The 1Unitedi Sti:es fe-ar thait if the, Statels still SubI jected to thei r oIf paiper mone "oId Standard. tiswill immdit. ciately prouCtim double I C n i Cce of p;,dIeing 'e r id as a tre C'to . C' --.1 ''w,~ hI 'in f'i pre n it ICC,' CC'e m o.6.:' 1i ma.. b.- am te C '1 Cit n'i biow. i.te t e.igho this. debt 'C t 31ri . r och observedC'.' onC the her hnd that if. wih the 'd standard. lthe unlimlited coin -ge o" siver b- admlit itd. asthe Unlite d tt: de it is ao to be eare antd the ]eslesfif(! will be ,i o 1rsnid. icasedwich is an itr evit the ea 1a oe-ied onW addreis thrtec..fI II is os 11.p::g t4rl. ays v 'i n other"I unfortunat'.e esn of thle tunlver sa1-l adpto fhietation 'a t the ration of 1 to 15-' wol be an aug n tationl i the mnlieta ryC weall of the worl d, and. -s a conse quene, a detpre c;Iation1 Of thle metals, accompanid by a crrspndngand geea=rise Of (rc tl" 'X Ih elniC. Cha whente prpotinof15 sold I ecomei~ un ive sarver would il 1, P per cont.. 'Zold would fall an1d I -pict s4 o a1llommodities, especiallyv of those which come fron theEs. anld are pazid foir in silver. would ex A rise so e so sudden, and so con'iderable. wCCoild throw the econo Ie and commecial world into con fusion, and wou.l carrv disturbance into all classes (Cf societ y. It would change all the relations of mankind a n- themselves, and wo-ld be euivallent toa r'eduction of all debts." This idea of denming free mintage to silver, to) make mioney searce, and terebt' inicrease its value. and depress the price of all the products of labor: also to piejudiIcethe United Ssates. by using~ cheap silver to discount the price of her great staple exportC hy pur chases of wheat and cotton in the East rums thI rough the whole tenier of finan cial opinion in Westein Europe. 'We see it plainly mau.ifestadi in the last conference of~18912 by the English dele ates, both Mi-. Ross Wilson and Al fred DeVothschid. Mr. Wilson said. (see International Monetary Confer ec-ice, 1892, page 97): "What, may I ask are the supposed evils that we are called upon to remedy ? As far as can be ascertained we are met here to en deavor to raise the price of commodi ties. Such an object is entirely opposed to the economic doctrines which are accepted in the country from which 1 come. Cheap goods and not dear goods. lenty and not scarcity, have ahvays een held to be conditions of profitab'le trade." Mr. Rothschild (see same. page 6h said: Advocatesof bimnetalismn main tain that the fall in the price of silver has brought about a corresponding fall in the prices of var'ious commodities. This may or' may not be the ease; but. suposinig the formerm hysothesis to lie corect, 1 ami not ptreparedl to sayv that it would be a mlisftitune for Enlglandi~ -r thec world: in general: nor do i share the op~inioni of cer'tain distinguished exp)oeni.. of that theory wCho deplore the fact of 'he Indian exporter being able to send whelt'at r'emnieratively to England. tusIl inafringi seriouisly with the interes~ts of the Br1itishh farm ers: but I hltd that wh teait ait3 aCI quar tr instead of 45 is rather a blessiing tan othierwCCise" De Rothschild like the averaP~ge N oriaternl&l statesman of this countrC a fundholdder' and sp.eak Iing for tile'advanit lcmet of the fund holder. r'eg ardless of the interest of the contry getilemanC~ the debtor anid prode'er: whC'omC' nen of hi~s ilk regard as their leg'-itCie preyC nevertheless admitted. isee IntC'rna:tionl 1Monietary Coferene lM pa,: Ii e 7:6 C f this con feen.'ce wereo t' Creak u >i~ wCithiout aririv ing~ at any. del~ute re(sat,~ ther'ie would be a dterition Cin the -valute of' that cnniuod(itCC 'ilver w Chich it wCCoulCd lCC fiihful iio conitemIp[ate 'ind out of the far' speading efts ' oCf wCC lit would 'e imipCsil t oi fOIore'tell. TJ~his cofience did( break~ uip withiout ari iV iig at an1yC dliimte reut. There has been a great dCypreciation tin the 'value of -'iver Crht 1 np~e w:CC ito att'netaryX nanCC iehs ensue~id andi0 we possibl for Mr.' \ De I CCiihshi to Cfore-C tell. Not only C' dro (inCi sl ilver,~ hat a lcesoniniiopi the prtt ' )) ')lietC ofl near lyC aXll the great s.~l prouCX tO. tnsi'of thron)I&.lhou.t thet an'd. W\Ce iold the .'aC waniCt in'th midstC' -( of~ plety. Thlere. is a1* stik'ing C.imilari.ty not ou:iCC iln Coniltins. btit in 1Cortionsi of Pret'sien'lt CCle tIds meste-age to thet last extr'a si 'i'aof tCongressi an~d sionl afCCtrth C''retat patic of~ 1":) Pcir Clans a belt' Cte Clrd icture'C of th'' sit uation thani 'Iihat found in Cth me' Rs' say' of eitherl tf the t'' Peints may be'otedC from a:: t icle. oCfM'. Ta! magesei ueri t:'e 'Ctin. itf --A ivr IOut C'itw fat d paraleit . I ni t he far~ilC ernI States mor0e ctoll thanC~ thieyC know'', w .hat to do -ih 'leniy ofI bre'ad. p C.iCt yof cloting a yt mu tltlitudes half 'fed andC h 'It sheered. th'ou and thouusanids of people this is a hun igryC and11 starvn CC and t sriverCinjg Chr~istmas. - - it 'Cs like the depres sit iiIi oflu manC who hias plentyC of mioney~' in the safe anud of aC womain whC~o has plenty of food in tile panty, and~C they haeC' lost the keys. The key to the n 1iei to the ev&-ihd o'dtebs ings of thrift. pirosperity and con Sentment. is a l(gislative key. But alas: 'his key is held by just sneh meni as Dr'. IroMh and 1r. De Roths Child in Eur'pe, and over here it h1:m11gs high in the four million dollar. iive iundred milliouaire club rooni in New York. This class of men has tle ear of the government. and with s!Ie honorable exceptions commands the irss, our legislators actinog in cordance~ with the suggestion made .1 udIe Brawley in his speech on the repeal of the purchasing clause of the Sherman act: that. upon financial quies!iois advice should be sought from bankers. as their familiarity with iinance renders them most competent to instract: they usually repair to New York for information and instruc tion. Of course they receive the advice of the spider to the fly. "Walk into our parlor.- There is nothing more natural than that these gentlemen, manifesting a most earnest solicitude for the maintenance of public integ rit yand national honor. and indulging in 'such elear phrases assound money. honest money, having the key placed in their hands by men who have not inforned themselves upon this sub joet. should immediately proceed to help themselves and then lock the store house against the general public. IThere will be no reTief until the South and West wrest this key from the hands of those who live by the profit of capital. MIr. Calhoun said (Voluie II, page 318, works(: "There is a dangerous antagonist relation be tween those who hold or command the curreney and the rest of the commu nitv." T1 speaking of this class in which he includes the wholesale deal ! rsand master manufacturers. Adam ;Smith savs (see "Wealth of Nations." g.(s 20" and 2t13: "The plans and ;rojeee s of the employers of stock u'e~rllate and direct all the most im pi'1iat operations of labor: and profit i tIe, end proposed by all thos- plans tanid projects. But the rate of proat Idors noL like rent and wages, rise with prosperity and fall with the de elension of society. * It is always highest in the countries which are oing fastest to ruin. * * * The pro i)OSAd of any new law or regulation of - coimerce. which comes from this or der, ought alhvas to be listened to wil great precautiOn, and ought never 'to be adopted till after having been long and carefully examined, not only with the most scrupulous. but w ithi the most. suspicious, attention. It (oies froim an order of men whose interest is never exactly the same with that of the public, who have gen erally an interest to deceive and even to oppress the public, and who acord ingly have upon many occasions both deceived and oppressed it." This leg. I1lative kev in 18G1, on the withdraw a! of the cotton States from the Union, passed from the agricultural class into the hands of the mer'hant and manufacturing class of the Northeast, and right welf have they wielded it, as Adam Smith assertea, to deceive, oppress and rob the other sections of the Union. Bv doublingthe restrictive duties they first acquired the war obli ations of the nation. and then by fi Eaucial legislation doubled, trebled and quadrupled them in value. The interest of this section in finance is almost identical with that of West ern Europe to double the value of the mloer3 anld money obligations which they hold, and to depress the price of cotton and wheat, which they buy fromi the South and West. To do that which wa-s denounced by the prophet Amos among the corruptions of J ero boam: "To swallow up the poor by makinie the shekel great and the ehah "small." These lords of finance, o the loom, the factory and the fur nace. protecting the banks and the shops and plundering the fields, have so depressed and despoiled agriculture that our great staple products are now selling below the cost of production, as our chief articles of export no long er miaintain the exchanges in our fa" vor. and as the treasnry reserve is drained to settle the balance of trade, which suicidal legislation has set against us,this robbery and oppression is made a pretext for further extortion in the shape of repeated issues of gold bonds to furnish investment for the usurious interest levied up on the South and West. This class of men, who live by the profit of capital, controlling the overnment and hostile to the interest of the general public, during the past thirty years (their term of supremacy) have 'fegislated into their possession all the railroads, telegraph lines, va cant lands, mineral lands~and through tle inistrumnentality of loan associa tiois have shingled our farmis and honesteads with mortgages. owning everything in existence, they are now seeking. thlrough the repeated issues of new gold bonds, to secure liens upon the energy aiid industry of fut ture genterations. These are the gen tlemen. their hirelings aiid parasites, who dwell in glowing periods on the svinnetrical1 beauty of the gold stand a'r'd who speak with an air of honest seitiment about individual and Na tional integrity. and roll under their tongues as sweet morsels such clever catch words as "honest mloney,' "sontld mopeyV," "full value of money of the world." To supplose that tils class in Europe who by the prescription of ages con stitute~ the domiinant element, who boldly avow their intention by main tanilg the gold standard to reduce the social status of the ariculturist: because, it is for the stabil.ity of gov erimnit that capita1 shall rule, and ~eocray find its hlomie in the rural sections. 'that they will impair in the least their power by virtue of the sin glegold standard, to control and ap propi:te the labor of the masse y mreig to the firee aiid unlimited coinage of silver, is to supipose that Z1reedV av'eriee can be slacked, that [ le daughter of the hiorseleech will eaise to cry for more. In Europe the peole have but little voice in thle gov ei'nment, the masses are born to labor and subjection. Antonio has no slips and slvlock will continue to demand his pouiid of flesh. I think any intel' i ge t i'eader who will cai'efully peruse what I have wi'itteii will reach +he same conclusioni thaut I have-that there will never be any' international agreeenIt for the free and unlimite'd coinage of silver,. as long as the United States subordinates her financial sy.s ten to that of Europe. In this land. where, in the good old days, when both mietais were mon~ey and the "peo >eC tilled the lands they owned and 1w thle lands they tilled." when the usbainman was prosperous, anad the laborer worthy of his hire: before the old standard, financial ci-aft and eitive jugglery vastly enriched he few without mierit, and paralyzed the' manyi l without indiv-idual discredit: i'fore-eigiitv-five per' cent. of our p)0eo lle sroudecl 'ngom were spendina axios days and sleepless nights, an2 the voi'ce of the atuctionleer rune t lrogh~out the land sigiialling the de pa iiture from oince happy homesteads, jiouseess and home'less" famiilies; if there is any man yet putting his trust for relief in intenationial agreenment, I sur unlto himt: Friend, waive your dehusion,. weigh an:-hor and steer for he nienium. lIinv ylnxt ai'ticle I shall deal with the silver' dollar-which you say the drop in silver' has made 50 per cent. fiat and is intirnsically a fifty cent. dollar. L. W. YoUmxs. WORSE AN) WORSE. A DAY OF STARTLING REVELATIONS BEFORE THE LEXOW. Capt. schmlittberger Takes theStand and Tells a Spicy story of Bribery, Corruption Blackmal and Protection and Euconr agement of Imnmcraity. NEw York. Dec. 21.-This was the most memorable day of any in the his tory of the Lexow Committee. Capt. Sclimittberger was the principal wit ness and his examination lasted near Tyall day and was full of sensations. He put into so many words his conclu sion. drawn fram his experience. that the police department of New York is rotten to the core. He made one ex ception to the general condemnation. He expressed the opinion that Superin tendent Byrnes is an honest man and means to ao right when he is permit ted to do so. One of the minor incidents of the day. previous to Capt. Schmittberger taking the stand. was the discovery that bogus subpenas. have been sent to pecpne who were not wanted by the committee. Lawyer Goff also stated that he had received many scurrilons letters reflecting on the charactet of private individuals, to which he paid: no attention. When Capt. Schmitt berger took the stand all the other witnesses were excised. Capt. Schmittberger said he began. his career on the police force as a pat rolman under Capt. Williams. He naid nothing for his appointment. but said he knew that poitical pull was more effective in getting men on the force than merit, and that the men who were appointed through political influence were the worst men on the foece. He could not tell where the money went to for appointments, but he could tell as to promotions. It went to go-betweens. one of whom he named as Chas Grant. ex-Coinmission er McClave's private secretary. While witness was in Capt Williams's pre clnct the disorderly house branch of the business was looked after by De teetive Price, who is now a captain. Schmittberger was asked: "Can you state why. under Special Officer Price, so many'disorderly houses were allow ed to run." "Because they paid for protection." Mr. Goff the named Tom Gould's the 'Star and Garter, the Fashion" and other once famous Tenderloin places. "These places." said the captain. "were the resort of criminals of the whole city who came there to meet women." "Who was the man to whom the protection money went directly "-Capt. Williams." 'Would it be possible for these places to run openly withont the tole ration of the captain " "No sir, it would not." The witness said that- if the ward man gave the officer on post instruc tions not to interfere with these hous es, the officers would not interfere with them. "And if the officer did interfere?' "He would be changed immediately. "Did you ever hear that the officer on post was instructed to co-operate, with the keepers of these disorerly places? "I do not know of any special orders issued to officers, but officers know what is expected of them." "These places were to be protected in other words?" "Yes sir, that's so." Schmittberger said with a smile that he had been made roundsman by Com missioner Wheeler because he had found Wheeler's lost dog. "What commissioner appointed you captain?" "Commissioner voorhis." "Did you pay anything?" "Not a cent. I made the highest percentage on the examination and I had no talk with the commissioner. I did not know that I was appointed un til the same morning." "And yen were appointed on your merits?" "Yes, sir, and I may say here.I be lieve Commissioner Voorhis is a thoroughly honorable man and do not believe the stories abont him." Schmittberger confirmedall that has been testified by wardmen, ete, as to collections from business houses, po ley shops .nd gambling houses for the bene fit of the captains, inspectors and perhaps high"'r officials. He per sonally paid considerable sums to 'apt Williams. That was not the usual custom, but Schmittberg'er said he knew Willhams well, andl he did not see the need of an intermediary be tween them. He always paid in money and only part of the same money re ceiveda'blackmail. Hecollected about $800O per month from three pool rooms and ten policy shops. The pool rooms paid $~200 per month each. The liquor saloons he did not touch. It was un derstood that their money went direct to Tammany Hall. He paid Williams within the nine months he was in command ot the 25th precinet about $1.00. and said that it was the cus ton of captains to pay the ins ector of districts. The captain said ame was transferred because of a row he had with liquor dealers. Superintendent Bvrnes instructe-l the captains to make no excise arrests for exposure. He told us to arrest for sellhng drinks. and not to make fake arrests. "I made twenty-two arrests the first Sunday. The pr'esident of the local Liquor Deal ers' Association told the officers who* made the arrests he would have them transferred." "Were they transferred i" 'Yes, sir, they were tr-ansferred by President M1artin, and I w~as transfer red, too. The liquor dealers complain ed that I made too many bona fide ar rets and 1 w~as transferred to the 5th preimct, where there wer'e few~ sa loous.' Schmitberger remained but a short time in the 5th. w~hen he was trans fe'red to the 9th and shortly after wards to the :?2d precinet. There the collection business flourished. Policy slops p~aidl ten dollars a month ana~ di ~orderly houses from ten to fifty dol "Had you any special order regard ing the pirotecti'on of cemtain disorder lv houses?" ' Yes. sir, when I was appointed I called'uplonl Conmmissionier Martin at headquarters. lie mentioned houses in 4th~ stre'et and said I might let them alone until thle schools were built. W~en the schools were built he said to put them out. "On one accasion 3Martin sent for me to come to headquarters. I had sent Olicer Casey to the house of a woman named Sadier West. at 234 West 51st street. The citizens had complained about thme house. When Casey went to the door the woman told him she was a friend of Commis sioner M1artin's and it would be better to see him before he did anything., The officer told me and the next day I received a message from headquarters, from MIartin. I went to see him and he asked me did I send a man around to Sadis West's. I said I did, as I had received a complaint about the house. Martin said I should warn the officer, and apologize to the woman the next day. I protested, but he said I should do as I was told. I sent around Casey and he had to apologize to the woman the following day for raiding the home." the Couzrt ro< iii at this testiionv. Tlie cantain said that the houses in West 45th'street were in the 21st As sembly district of wiich Commissioner Martin was leader." Witness then said a man named Proctor wanted to open a gambling house. Proctor came to him with a letter from Commissioner Sheehan asking him to give Proctor what he wanted. A man called Maynard, a paymaster of the aqueduct committee, was to be Proctor's partner. "Proctor was introduced to me as a respectable man by Commissioner Sheehan." said he. "I visited Com missioner Sheehan and told him the superintendent did not wint to allow Proctor to open the gambling house. Superintendent Byrnes had tola me if I allowed Proctor to open he would 'break' me. Then Commissioner Shee han said if Proctor was not allowed to play John Daly would not be allowed to play. "Did Sheehan know that Maynard, Proctor's partner, was a gambler?" "He must have known." "Did Sheeham say Daly's was run ning?" '"Yes, sir, he did, I said it was not, and he said a man was in there the nio-ht before." Schmittberger said he was tranferred to the Tenderloin precinct in Decem ber, 193. "That is regarded as the best paying precinct?" "That is a mistaken idea. Its glory has faded." "What is the best?" "The 11th. I think." Schmittberger received a tip to keep his hands off two keepersof disorderly houses whom he named. One because her house was frequented by official personages and the other because she had been of use to the police in setting up the Gardener case, where one of the agents of the Society for the Prevention of Crime was entrapped and sent to prison. He acknowledged that he had receiv ed the ,5500 fron the agent of the French Steamship Line. but as a pres ent, not as a bribe. Schmitteltrger said i.hat he carried the money to Capt Williams from Officer Martens for the latter's promotion to roundsman. 8:300, and later on -1,600 for Martens's promotion to be sergant. Witness heard that when money was paid for promo tions it passed through the hands of Charley Grant and Capt Williams. When Schmittberger had no more to tell he said: "I have told all I know about the police department, and have made a clean breast of everything. I felt that for the sake of my wife and children I was justified in coming for ward and telling what I krew. The committee adjourn, d until next Wednesday. A Bloody Sunday A':GUSTA, Ga.. Dec. 2.-This was orobablv the bloodiest Sunday in the history of Augusta. John Wiggins, a negro. waylaid Anderson Williams, also colored, on the South Carolira side of the river several miles from Augusta last night, killing him and it is said also attempted to kill another old negro. The murderer fled to A i gusta. Negroes living in the viciniy of the crime learned that he had conie to this city and was at the home of his sister. They followed him here and asked assistance at police headquar ters to make the arrest. Detective Joe Murra was detailed for the work with instr~uctions to call for further help from the police precinct in which Wiggins' sister's house was located. Oficers Wrenn and Stringer accompa nied him. 'Wiggins was told by mis sister of the approach of the officers and as they entered the house where he was lying, the murderer opened fire upon 'them shooting Murray twice in the face about the nose and mouth and Stringer near the eye. Murray will die. Stringer may recover, but he will be injured for life. The negro then fled followed by Wrenn. The pistol shots attracted people in the neicrhborhood to the streets, and among tlhese was John Davis, white, an operative in Richmond factory, near Augusta. who came to thie city to spend Christmas with his family. Davis was shot in the breast by a bullet from the murderer's pistol, and died in half an hour. Wrenn pursuea the nugitive to the river bank, where the negro hid behind a clump of trees. Holding a pistol aloft in his right hand, the scoundrel told the otlcer he surrendered, to come and take him. The officer advanced, and the negro shot him in the leg with a long bar. reed pistol lie had concealed in his left hand. Others joined in the chase but the murderer reloaded his weap ons and made a desperate fight. He was directing his steps toward the* bridge, hoping to escape into South Carolina. Just as he approached it, however, one shot hit him and ranged around inflicting only a flesh wound. Hs weapons were empty then and lie surrendered. The presence of a num ber of policemen on the scene when he was captured was the only thing that saved his life. The only thing that saved the mur derer's life is the fact that the Leg slature that has just adiourned passed a law empowering the 'ludge to call a special s'ession oi the Superior Coui't n criminal cases for immediate trial. The negro will he tried within two weeks. and February winds will prob ably blow over his erave. There was great excitement in the city all day, and a mob of several hundred gathered ii front of the jail. They only murmured their discontent though. and no attempt was made to raid the jail. which is guarded by a special detachment of police and by deputies.__________ Starvatiori Threatened. NIOBARA, Neb., Dec. 23.-The suf fering' among the inhabitants of the droughtbasted part of Nebraska. in cluding three-f orths of the residents of five couinties, is becoming more imtense daily, and immediate steps alone can preent many deaths .by starvation. Three years ago. the farmers of thiese' drougt-blighted counties raised a very light crop and the past two y-ears the eras have been almost total failures. nv families have not enough pro visious in their homes for one week's sustenance. and no moiey to purchase the necessaries of life. Many of the merchants here feel that they have aided the poor farmers to the extent of their ability, and are unable to do any more for t'hemn or to sell them goods on credit. The sufferers cannot ob tai employment, and unless they re ceive aidt very soon, it is the general opinion that nmany willstarve to death. Should the weather turn very cold many will freeze to death, as it is a fact that many have scarcely suflicient clothing to co~ver their nakedness. A mother and her two children were found dead in their little cabin this week. It is supposed the mother had been confined to her bed by sickness and she and her two little onies starved to death. The stomachs of the children were opened and not a trace of food could be discovered. There is not a stream of water in Perkins county and not a living spring. Wells run from 60 to 200 feet. the majority being 150) and 200 feet. The soil, if watered, raises good crops; if not, it bakes into a solid mass. The roads and much of the prairies resemble asphalt, so hard packed and smooth are they. Well diggers say that the soil is a solid mass 150 feet down, so hard that picks have to be used to loosen it. Over this sur face, the never-ceasing winds blow rm ever diretina. MURDER SY W HCLESAL. Whitet reeple ofA Brool- counerw~v. dercer (4f1Ison. ~a'** o i t of wb Ch'ronicle of vesterdy:iy. ln"'' t : Ll. early thismorninarkililed three nero :nd reliable inhrmaio s that t tota"! num1ber o'i is sfr. Th. negroes known to have been kiled ie Sam Taylor. Eli Frascr. and iarry Sherrad'. Taylor was Pike's step-ra ther, and the other two negroes mi close pals. all of whom iesuiT)ed to know V.f Pike's wh S. theC negres knew, they r"isi t-, tell. and tle? penalty of t)li death. Pike's wif was.' seen to sh into his house at 4 o'clock thi' moi ing. She was supposed to have kors where the murderer was anid eve ei- I fort was made to make her div ul-. The mob still has her seurey hlO d and mar succeed in making her teli. The negroes killed were all shot down on this side of the Ocopileo creek. about ten miles above Quitman. The report is that a secon(l pose. whieh was scouring the woods north of the Oeopilco have killed four other ne groes. This wholesale killing isterrible, but the people of that conmunity have had terrible provocation. Hard ly three weeks ago. Tip Mauldin. a re spectable white man -as brutally murdered on the public road hi tne same neighborhood by two worthless negroes. The people were greatly in censed over the murder. but the law took its course and the murderers are now in jail awaiting trial. Numerous negroes exulted over this murder and c-'.'en went so far as to hold a war dance a few nightsafterwards aroAd the spot where the murdered man's life blood oozed out. This. of course. enraged the people still nr,. and when Isom, the best citizen in the community was cowardly murdered by one of ihe same gang the pe! up flood of rage and vengeance was turn ed loose. All of the negroes killed are those intimately connected with Isopi's murder and supposed to be aiding in his escape. or wer in the gang which held the exulting -ar dlance over poor Mauldin's life blood. The arresting and jailing of Mauldin's murderers had no suppressing or restraining effect on other lawless negroes in the neighbor hood. Mauldin's murderers have no more regrets for their deed and no more conpunction of conscience than a dog. Every day they can be heard singiug and laughing in jail. li.ppy andupconcerned, though the gallows is staring them in the face. The pose which did last night's terrible wora is still banded together doggedly and determinedly looking for Waverly Pike. The record of tonight and to morrow remains to be seen. Brooks county is aroused. The wholesale killing of negroes iiot directly coIn nect ed with Ison's murder is severely con demned and it is hoped that the aveng ing mob will do no more of this work. Christna.-. Wherever the Christian religion revails and wherever it is introduced v the missionaries of the chureh. the ainual return of the 25th of December is celebrated with ceremonies and fes tivities of various kinds in commem oration of the birth of Jesus Christ. In the older Christian countries, the rown people. young and old, in aulged in certain revels and pastimes, often so questionable in their charac ter and influence that an officer was appointed by the authorities of .the church to preside over the festmvties to see that no excesses were indulged. Indeed the clergy found it necessary to remonstrate often with thir respect ive flocks because they paidl gr'eater attention to the worldly and festive character of the occasion than to its solemn features. These excesses and lack of respect, on the part of the peo ple, for the sacred aspects was due. probably, to the fact thiat the precise date of the Nativity could not be de termined accurately. The Jewish Christian. in obedience to the tr-adi tions of the elders, were accustomed to celebrate a certain day of the moon: and the Gentile Christians. m the ab scence of definite dlata by wvhich to de termine the precise date, decreed that the 25th of December should stand as the date of the event for the Gentile world. The festivities were introdticed on Christmas eve by lighting large candles and by throwing on the hearth the Yule Log or Christmas Block and the plastimes wvere gamnes of various kinds, conjuring, fortunctel lin g. danc ing, blind-mani's buti, etc. The favor ite dishes of Christmas Day were the pig's head with an apple oir ornge in its mouth. accomipamien with r'ose mary, plum-puddinug amd nm ie, pies. The houses and churenhes were accora ted elaborately with ever'-greens, es pecially with miistletoe. to w.hwh an old Druid tradition attaces a peculiar' sacredness especially in ~the case of lovers. The sacred fe'atures (of this festival wer-e rerous sei'vics iicltud ing serm'n n su-bjectIs relatting' to the N.ativity.I iun. etc. It is to he regrettedl that 'so little attemlin is elvenCi to tis feur of'1CI theChisma seasonl in later~ ye::rs. Its' nelect by4 the ministry tenhis to _seiiarate the church as a pairt emant mitsli v ties and~ to turn'i t~ihm ovr tola wold as an occasion of fi:m aind iril ic too often r'esuiltingi dz raea conduct and shameiiless crimi'. The annual i'eurreni'ce of Chisma in otu' country a few geiwrtin a'S was greeted by the genitlieen of the geter on Chiristmias veanid tiin volev after voley at tihe wmdow(It\s and' door1s of coutryl' homies until da break Christmas miornuing. On these occasions the entir'e'earty werie wrvited by the good wife of tihe hiome to par' take of'eC.:no2g and enkie. oftenl somei thiiig str'onder. These' excursi, th~ hlospitality of the hiomie, offeredt ini the sanie spirit. The frolic often end ed in a dceer hunt and always with the proverbial Christmas diiner and cheer. In later vear's tile main and shot gun have been relegated to the 'ear aind the small boy and firecracker have come to the front: 'While we 'egret the passing :way of an old and honored custom. we welcome thle nlew condition of things more in keening~ with the proprieties of the season anld less harmful in practice. Let the children salute the comling of Chi'ist mas eve and morn with crackers and trumpet. horn unitil their personal ex perience and the example of their eld ers give them a higher idiea of the sa c'edness and blessedness of tihe Christ ma s season. Then parents anid chil diein shall stand on a highler level and with v~oice giv'ing~ exp~ressionl to the feeling of the heart, plraise God for' his unseakable gift to man. There is no feature of the Christmais tide mio.' in accord wih the pr'opri ties of the occasion than the universail cistoml amlonig Chr'istianm people' of givig pre'senits to chiilrein and fr'iendsl as tokeiis of thet ahfectionls we lear then. It is typ~ical thoughl ini a less degree (of tliat dlivine love whichl prioplted( the gift (If a iavionr to a lost world. Mani wvil l'rejice through out the enidless ages which are ye ~t to coie because of the giut whic h inade it possible for divine justice to be' sat istied and thuts securie his salvaition. Praise andl shouts of jo will contlinue to ascend until thait great day sha'll. coe when the redemend cooire' ated n, he.mav n ->.clOwn honi Lor d of MAKIN,a rONEST CHaESZ. A South Carolina Factory in Operatin. What a sensible Tanner Says. To the Editor of the Cotton PlIant: Four ponnas of honest white and clean cotton for one pound of lathery painted cheese. It takes about two acres of fine land four hundred pound o' fcrtilizer, bag ging and ties. toll, lots of hard work to, produce one bale of cotton. The same land planted to cheese will produce at least 5O pounds of honcst milk cheese. that is cheese that is made from pure cows milk. cream and all together: this cheese will not bound about like a piece of rubber: it melts and crumbles in a manner to be readily distinguished from the common compressed sold on our market as cream cheese. What makes this vast difference in products? Can't good cheese be made in South Carolina. if not, why not? These rambling thoughts led the writ er to inspect the new cheese factory at Clemson College, where there is a nice outfit of the improved appliances for making cheese, now in successful op eration by Prof. Hart, who has dem onstrated the fact that as fie sheese as can be produced in this country can be made in South Carolina. The'flavor is realy superior. and its rich nutty cheese flavor at once sharpens the ap petite and calls for more certified hon est cheese. While eating this South Carolina cheese our mind does not roam from the crude oil tank under the Southern cotton seed oil mill to the dead hog, horse and cow rendering vais of the West. Our mind while eating this South Carolina cheese wan ders over the hils and valleys of South Carolina. along the oanks of clean clear water that flows through the meadows: and its honest flavor re minds us of fragrant flowers and new mown hay. After eating honest cheese one can sleep and dream of the clean things, (the Switzerland milk maid. for,- instance) and rest in confidence: but when his stomach is loaded with chunks of the indigestible compound called cheese, he is compelled to kick and roll around at night, dreaming of running from vicious bulls and such. We learn that it takes about one gal lon of milk to produce one pound of cheese and the cost of a small cheese factory need not cost more than an improved cotton ginning plant: in fact it seems that these two plants might be run by the same power as the cheese iraking season is about over with when the cotton ginning season coni mences. What is the use of shipping cotton seed oil to the West to be com pounded into cheese, and pay freight both ways, if our market really de mands this compound? Why not send West or East for one car load of improved machinery for a cheese fac tory, instead of shipping thousands of car loads of cheese. This freight alone would be a good profit. The only ting that is not at our hand for mak ing fine cheese is good cheese-makers. good. industrious, intellicent, honest and well trained, educatea young men suited to take charge of all such enter prises are the scarcest article in South Caiolina. And just here we ought to give the board of trussecs of Clemson College due credit for their wisdom in setting up a cheese making plant at Clemson College, where our boys may learn cheese making. Prof. Hart in his forthcoming report on cheese mak ing in South Carolina, will give the farmers a complete outline of making cheese, the cost, etc.; and the best of all he will tell the farmer how to nyake a small amount of cheese at home, with the outlay of only about two dol lars for necessary machinery which will be far ahead of the old plan of randma's cheese press. Now don't all of you readers write to Prof. Hart for a letter o'n' cheese making for the nan can't spare the time from his work to write so many letters; but ev ery lady can write to the director (President Craighead), for a copy of the report of the Experiment Station on cheese making, which report will be published probably soon. As to the cost of producing milk for making the cheese, every farmer ought to be able to make his own figures. But one of the more striking features in the change from cotton to cheese or butter is, that the fertilizer bill in cheese and butter making may be left out. The cow is the fertilizer factory, and this is located at home, on a cash basis, and the proceeds from this en terprise is coming in all along the whole season. There is no space of from ten to twelve months is this kind of farming, which has a broad gap to be filled by liens and mortgages and in terest. Another very great good for everybody that is interested in our prosperity and the beautiful appear ance and permanent improvement of the whole face of the country is the replacing of grass upon the naked and bares spaces; the soil will be preserved instead of being washed from the higher lands in the steams. thus doing damage, skinning the higher lands and causing the streams to fill with sand and overflowing thaebottom lands. Any farmer who has any thought can see how this cotton farming has ruin ed the whole- country. It is not nec essary to point out these things now. the five cents a pound will make every body feel. I have cotton several years old and still have a good appetite and good home made cheese; tastes as good as it did when I used to eat it in grand ma's days. J. C. STRIBLING. Pendleton, S. C. A' ;usta at Fever Heat. AcorsnA. Ga.. Dec 27.-Joe Murray the detective wounded in Sunday's shooting, died at noon today. This is the second deathias a result of the af fra. Immediately after the news of thedeath of Detective Murray became enerally circulated this after-noon, the talk'of lynching the negro W\ig gins, who di'd the shooting, was reviir dl. Murray who died at noon was wounded |sundar. To-night a large armed force is in'the jail. The Rich monud Hussars were made ready for duty and are under arms at the armory. Theiir horses are saddled and bridled. and all is in readiness to move at a moment's notice. There are fears of a conitlict before morning, for theC authorities swear they. will give their lives in defense of the law. There is feeline of unrestin the city, but it will be impossible to take t'he prisoner from the jail if resistance is givc n, and the sheritf has given, his word that ie will protect the prisoner. andl defeat any mob that assaults the p~risnI. A frog farm with about a million head of stock is carried on success fully by a man in Contra, Costa coun ty, Lalfornia. He started ranchii in fros a few months ago with a hera of about 2.000 frogs, and is already making lots of money. He supplies the miarkets of San Francisco, Oak land and other large cities on the coast. It costs little or nothing to raise the frogs, and the rancher is not anx ious to trade his ranch even for a gold mine, so he says. Women Beg for Bread. NEw YORK, Dec. 21.-A Lima, Peru, special says: Over 4.000 hungry wo men and cehildren called on President Carceres, who ordered theii dispersed. Rioting followed, lasting over three hours. Many persons were killed or POWDER Absolutely Pure. A cream er tartar DaRing po:.. r ii -iest of all in leavening strength. -i.i - 1nited S;ates Governmnent Food de part. oyal Baking Powder Compan i, 106 Wall St., N. Y. THE PRESIDENT AT GEORGETOWN. Grover Cleveland Pays a Visit to the Sam pit City. GEORGETOWN, S. C.. Dec. 22.-The sea coast people of South Carolina. have always been noted for their hos pt,,able spirit. Georgetown entered with enthusiasm into the project of entertaining the President of the United States. Nothing which the ne-ans of the people permitted was a-king to show their appreciation of Mr. Cleveland and their recognition of the sportsman compliment he bad paid to their woods and waters. The principal streets of the town were decorated with flags and festoons and the houses bore banners emblaz ori:c'd with mottoes of welcome. The hiioping in the Saipit river was gaily decorated. The ladies devoted two da ys to nake the spacious hall of the WVinyah Indigo Socity, an ancient organization dating back to early co, :ial days. a bower of beauty, The re ception and luncheon were to be given in this building and the inner anai outer halls were decorated with cx quisite taste. Big.palmetto trees bedded la gray Spanish moss occupied the corners. while arches and festoons of cedar, palmetto, gray moss and glossy leaved evergreens dashed with crimson color, almost hid the walls. The -National and State flags were promin eat. The National colors draped against thegracefulcrest of a palmetto tree. At 1:45 the Preside-it arrived on the NWistaria and disembarked at the South Carolina Steam'ooat Company's wharf t:> the welco ne of every bell in the city and steamer whistles in the har bor. He and his party were met by Mayor Morgan and the executive con mittee of the Palmetto Club, and were driven in open carriages through the principal streets to Winvah Indigo Society's hall. Here the fadies of the committee were introduced to him and the President took his position in the outer hall at t&e junction of Old Glory and the Palmetto flag. The: receplion lasted until 3 p. m. At that. hour the inner room of the main hall. was entered, where the luncheon ten derd by the Palmetto Club was served.. The Presidential party were seated at a. centre table which was surmounted bye a canooy of crimson bunting trimmedi with green moss and holding in the: centre a bell of snow whit6~-e-arelia&s the officers of the club sat with him:: the rest of the company were served. from buffets. At 3:45 the Presidential party was: escorted to the railroad statiod and. left at 4 o'clock on a special train for Lanes, where the Wildwood will be' attached to the fast mail train of the: Atlantic Coast Line, northward bound.. At the station of the Georgetown and Western railroad a specia~l plat form was erectedl and ba.~utifully dec orated. Along this the President; passed LC his car after the reception,. ov' r a cai pet of pine needles and un der ar shes of palmetto. The President exprt-sed himself as having' en' yedi his visit greatly and also as Thi yap preciating the ~unobstrusive and unex acting courtesy which had been shown: him. The weather was delightful. [The Storm Breathed Death, LoN~oN, Dec. 23.-Reports of deatin aid damage to property in the great. stormi are received constantly this eve ning. Three fishing smacks, wen down last night off Stornaway on the: Scotch coast. and all their crews.uum bering -29 men were drowned. The: Paritishi bark. -Kirmichael. which was driven on the breakwater at Holyhead, LA filled. Twelve of her crew were: saved with the breeches buoy and sev enwere drowned. M1any aoal miners: on the Donegal coast have lost their huvts in th e storm. At Teelin a house co)llap~sed and three occupants were' killed. In Strainolar two persons were killed by a falling chimney. Several vessels went adrift in- Aber den harbor and grounded. The roof of the 31acDonald art galiery was rip ped open and many valuable pictures were injured. The brie Liven was wrecked in the Firth of Clyde near Androssa, and he"r crew of five were Paisley, part of a t' ree story cabinet. factory was wrCcke.d. Forty persons were! buriei i the r'uinis. Four wr h:iked om:: rigt andl twventy were in sCred heiusly. T.w pro~lprietor was .rk nthebak y falling timbe: and i dy.n . ny ie per'son1s es ca'ped w ithot inj'ury. Tihe coast~ steamshlirp Bro was . stranded last iht ne. .u-. ikri. ...Sentiand. and o0f a d.'i himses Yarmouth andi. 'the hi'e in thei' i are rose severa' fesah.wethe normal higrh w~ater - nark. 1 1d.d of houses)150 have been ilodd.So'e of sm'ahl ships and. coast . Th- iao ityf them wvill be floa'ed. N'nro'u" case.s of death or' seer injur from' faling timbers,. tesad chnunl~eys hatve been report ed this-' at rnoon fromi all parts of the 1.dted .. :oingdo .1 Diatches from the ( ontinen't "a' tnat northern Frane and' G~h~(ermany'. sufe~red severe ly fn t iihe s:orm. although the loss. of lie an~d property cannotit be estima te as ye.At Hamhnryg many vessels: wen't 'adrif~tid collide.d or grounded.. The tid' was~ thle ighest since 1882.. Thel lower- parts of W\ilhelmshlaven on. the Nort Sea") wereC looded and the dykes would ha've' gone if the garrison. had no' t w':orked enierzetically for h1)1m's to strenth~leni them. Luebeck aid CoIlerg also simlered much dami-' age. The GerQI:nani bark Charlotte,. Cayt. Ge'rd:s. whicb sailed from Sa v'ilana Nov'. 14 for Hamburg. ist ashor'e a. t Egmond Aaan Zee. She is, a total wreck and her cargo is being washed ashore.. Somie of her crew ieachied land while others were' drowned. The British bark Tamnar E.. Marshall. Capt. Utirey. and the Nor we2'ian ship. Ameriica. Capt. Franten,. have been driven in on the sand bank