Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VOL X. MANNING, 5. C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1893. NO. .26. 7UTTER ANLb CHEESE. HOW.TO MAKE THE DAIRY PROFITA EEAND'E1NRICH THE FARMER. Professor Hart Tells the Way to Start a Cheese and )Mut-ter Factory-Wise and Tbiiely ,ugge.titn---A Way to Get Value from'Cows. Bef6re establishing any enterprise it is at first,.necessary to find out if the requisite.conditions are present to en sure-its.-maintenance. For any manu facturing enterprise, plenty of raw material inust be in sight before a foundation-stone is laid. A creamarv or cheise factory is no exception to this rule, as many neighborhoods where large - and costly creameries have been erected have found out to their cost. Before building a creamery or cheese ,acAtgry the milk of a suffi cieinuimtibe- *of good cows should be pledged for a year or more. .In prac tice, it has been found that three hun drel.c.ows. -within three niiles of the facipry. are as few as will ensure a successful business. To pay the runni e' epenses of a hundred cow creamtry' would require such lrge perceiitage of the receipts that are would i no money in the busies for the producersof the milk. The site of a tenery. or - cheese factory should beg9slv 1abessible by goodsp s sli4 ld ft a arge sup ply df-ge6od ater, :...d sufficiently elevated to secure good'drainage.' There are many different ways in which cheese:factories and creameries are condiicted - w'hieh for the sake of convenieice may be classed under one of the- following' -heads: proprietory and co-operative, - which- names- ex plain themselves. In the latter class the farmers who suply the . milk usual.owti ths , elect officersi froiimong their: n r, .hirethei lobor and conduct their business. Another way is to employ some res po1siZllmager to handle the. milk who.c . asertain price a pound of qheese.or btterfor manufacturing, which iss6mewhereabout -1; cents per pound for -cheese and 4 cents: per pound for butter. - The pr6prietory 'ries are run on the railway mana gers - maxim-"all the traffic will stand." . The :cjderative, basis has naturallflroveto be -niore- shtisfac tory to- the farmers as all the proceeds les-th'i e.penses go to them. To start a co-operative dairy enter prise there must be one or more pub lic spirited citizens, who possess the confidence of the commuiM, and who are willing to spd littly time in posting themselves, upon the re quirements of, and-Qrkijag. for the business. A pulBlic meeting might be arranged foric. Which-lL intersed in cows and cow 'products should be invited. jgiisly invite the ladies as a.creamery will relieve them of the drudgery.9f making -butter :in a.-ilash), churn. - Aftefull:discussion, lisfd can be ojened for the subscriptions of those who-AeeyMt5 pnt tieirmon ey and cows into the businAc -c s -uid ii made of anr-others; 'ngwho mio.ht wish .je. ,..~ ..ce~n very) ja meeting of te"* itockUders ould-ecalled a, cOnstitution-,;.by laws, rules and regulations adopted and'. orgnizatioii efe ed. Co-operation means a working togetherdis tinel in -ail tiades and professions except farming. Should the elements-of co-operation be lacki'g soi4.g opppos.tio.. or worse sil eriende be metwith, it is better tc1 ~iie fYurther endopiiediin and wait for ste w of a more. .healthy public eNeigb,,ho df trac~d b~ th glitterng bait- h-6rd onitto theih -by the agents of certain dairy supplf Bodses,' sometimes make the mistake of build ing and equipping doo .expen~sively at the start. It is better to-commence in a modest way and enlarge_. the premises and plazit as the circumstances of the case derid and the buildihg'and ma chinery should be plannmed with" this end in view. Many creameries carry on profitalfh .a ti-ade in cream, ice cream, buttermilk and even eggs. Ice, or amtifii-refrigeration, will be indis pensible for making butter in summer: and, whether to get a sinall refrigerat ing plantt,, which can be had as low as $650, '6r'to b3uv' ice'is a qtxestion that must be decided. . A cheese factory is a very cheap and s-i --- The .building. need ,be on pn~laziffrime structure, hzg the wals and ceiling of one roiwell insulated by the plentiful use' building paper so the tenipera tur an be controlled. The o'utfit for Sufacturing the milk of threehun cows into che jeed .not cost ove t$500, and the"' gl o'st of build ingand outfit wouldino esxceed $5 per cow' In a country district, with the surounding fardrble, cheese fac ~ rcoul4 fltik hidm13.profitable ift patois auld hend their ener ' o tlie pro"nt'd c11eap milk, $u ' a owna cheese factory .itself mitpi-ve sTlnure.> Taking such a larqmzantity.ofmilk-off-the~imarket, as Echeese fac~tory. dos, .would create a shoir~tge iih'eca'supply of milk anb'ndd ain 'advarnce in prices to the detinnent athere 4there is copnsidera ab~demangfgzr milk for' famiily use, a caeror combiried ai-eamery and ch &fattry il-be- found' more pro e: thdug~h teostmng considera blinr~ Kt~ dtset.. in the. North the'e are'stwotnds: of: creameries, gatheI-di cr'eai. a1 c6iiti-ifugal sep'a ra~.:Gathered cream creameries are a d~p :.o :spi ly settled distriets w re considerable ter ritory has t'o 1pe co'egd to-collect-cream. ICu less farm creara.: seprati-s- are used, gathered craki creameries are not adapted to ou$6titherni dogditions. In a:eentrifugal separator creamnery the' milk is either c~llected by the mnagement or delivered by the pat rons. A'soon as the mil:k arrives at the creameries it is weighed, the weight is recrded opposite the patron's namie anil a sample is reserved to be tested. The inilk runs from the weight can into the 1ecei'ing vat, where it is heteK pbx' stam" to blood heat. The sepator-is now started, the skim - lk'being returned' to the patrons to befed on the farms, while the cream is cooled and ..aterwards-.ripened and chiaried' Whiile' the separator is running, th-e cream from the previous dav's separating is churned. At the samne time'thi'butter from the 'churn ing of. the day before may be reworked and packed. The old way of .buying milk or dividing the net receipts of a factory was to pay each patron according' to the number. of pounds of milk he hiad delivered without regard to the quality of the milk;- the new and better way, .oth iii cheese factories and creameries is to prorate the proceeds according to the amount of butter fat contained in the milk furnished by each patron, which makes as fair and satisfactory a division as wou1(d imaking up the milk of each patron separately. I have before me a coppy of the ag ricultural statistics of the province of Ontario for 1S92 and from it I learn that the gross value of tie product of 100 pound (nearly 12gallons) of milk was: In creameries............ 84.2 cents In butterand cheese factories 96 6 cents In cheese factories.........91. cents The comparison is useful in showing how desirable it is to be able to change readily-from butter to cheese making and vice versa. Take the case of creamery. In sum mer. when butter is plentiful it is not wise to force more goods upon an overstocked market. nor'to store large quantities of butter to compete with freshly made butter later, but to make cheese. The milk from which one pound of butter is made will make two and a half pounds of cheese. which will sell at 30 cents at least. A factory manager needs to make both edges cut and either way according to the demands of the market. A 300 cow factory for the manufac ture of butter and 'cheese can be built and equipped for .3.000 or Q3,500. The extension of dairying in its broadest sense will aid in the diversi fication of agriculture, will increase the direct income of the farmer, and improve the productivenes of his farm. lhe farmers of an exclusively cotton growing district, where every few cows aie -kept can not, of course im mediately revolutionize their methods Lad coiinnence dairying upon a co >perative basis. They can however, radually build up productive herds as they are able to grow the feed for these at home. With a few modern dairy.appliances the butter can be put ip:in-ai attracti ye form. which, when marketed fresh, will bring the top price in the market. No effort has been made to paint a orgeous picture of the possibilities of the dairy industry, or to induce those not qualified by natural fitness and xperience to lay hold of it in hope of alvation. In a creamerv a farmer can reckon n getting the same price for his but er as good dairy butter brings in the narket'w\ithout the labor o' making tnd marketing it. Then it is probable hat a creamy, by the use of improved achinery, will make from one-fifth o one-quarter more butter from the ame amou at of milk than the pro lucts of the milk could have done. Success will follow persistent effort; tnd; as the operations of a dairy en erprise are extended the difference >etween the cost and the selling price )f tie product will be increased, bring no prosperity to the farmers, which vill reflectjupon all other classes of he coimunity. J. W. H. - - ~ reat Miue Horror. L0~omo Jan. 15.- Throughout the tiht relays of men have worked des - *ina1 . colliery Aud e*, North Staffordshire. wnere a arge mbe'r of miners were entombed btinoon Mondav by a sudden rush )fwater from the old. workings. By .m.150 men and boys eniploved in hne mines had been rescued. ft was hUght that 20 were in the lower ,rkings when the mine was flooded, X6d that they were drowned. From h time the disaster was signalled, he rescuers have been doing their ut est to save those who may remain lve and recover the 'bodies of the Irwned. The work of rescue, how vpr, has not made much progress and t is now-believed that there are stil eitween 90 and 120 men and boys in e mine. The sorrow stricken wives, lJughters and other relatives of the niprisonod men have heen gathered .rund ,.the pithead ever since the ndws. of'~ the disaster reached them. hehve been patiently facing the >ittetcld wind since the accident and neny of -the men have been without od sinice that time. All of them &ght dry clothes for the men, and :iey stand in groups hoping and pray ng for the safety of those dear to them. he water so conistantly fluctuates that he rescuers are well nigh discourag~ed. hey .found the bottom of the shaft coked with piles of timber swept here by the torrents of water which pured into the mine. The greatest e'ar is expressed that the waters will sc undermine the galleries that there will be a cave in. The rescuers work with difficulty, standing in four feet of water, and only 15 yards progress was .made during the night. Hun reds of miners have arrived at the Dilake colliery from other collieries mni they all volunteer to go down ad assist in the work of rescue. Four rig of men are thus supplied to go lonevery time. 2 Cowhided by a Lady. CHARLoTTE, Jan. 14.-A very pretty and neatly dressed young woman went into the racket store of Williams Iood & Co., here today and inquired for John DeLane, a clerk in the estab-| ishment. Confronting him in the pre sence of several traveling men, she produced an anonymous letter of ani insulting nature, which she accused DeLane of writing, at the same time she took a cowhide from a bundle she car ried, and applied several smart and igorous blows to the young man's head, before he made his escape by jumping over a dry goods box. The tongue lashing the young clerk receiv ed is described as being more severe *than the cowhiding. T be young lady was Mi1ss MIav Hirt, formerly of Char leston, S. C.,~at which city M1r. DeLane met her and became engag~ed to her. She followed him to Chiarlotte, her family coming along with her. Here the engagement was broken off by Mr. DeLane and at one time the youny lady threatened to bring a breach of promise suit against him. The clouds, however, rolled by and everything seemed serene until the sudden storm which burst in such fury in the racket store today. Mi1ss Hirt accuses M1r. DeLane oX writing many unsigned in sulting letters to her, which however, he strongly denied. Mliss Hirt caused the arrest of MIr. DeLane accusing him of wrtn the slanderouf Jetters and the mayor will hear the case tomior rO.. . _ _ _ __ _ _ _ Three 3i,-n Kined. NEW YORK, .Jan. 12. --Two men were killed and a third so seriously in jured that lie will probably die by a soth-bondl express train on the New York Central .Railroad, opposite Thon's~ dock. Riverdale, at 10 o'clock lst night. The three men were Rus sian-P oles, and they lived in Elizabeth pt, N . They fhad been to Hudson NX. to obtain work at cutting ice on the Hudson River, and, falling in ther quoest, were walking back on the AN IMPROMPTU DUEL BETWEEN rwo PROMINENT YOUNG MEN OF EDGEFIELD. Members of the Familieg of the tulinig Powers Bang Away at One Another fin an Edgefield Law Office-A Personal Mat ter. COLUMBIA. S. C.. Jan. 16.-It does seem strange to hear of members of the Tillman and Evans families pop ping away at each other with revolv ers at short range in an impromptu duel, especially when one considers how intimate ex-Governor Tillman and Governor Evans have been in their political life. It was therefore a matter of the keenest surprise to many yesterday when the news reach ed Columbia that Capt. James H. Till man, the nephew of ex-Governor Till man and son of ex-Congressman Geo. D. Tillman, and M1r. Barnard B. Evans,tne youngest brother of Gover nor Evans, had had such a duel in the law office of Attornev S. McGowan Simpkins, in Edgetiela. and that both the combatants had been wounded. The shooting had taken place on Mon day afternoon about 5:30 o'clock, yet no news of it was sent out from Edge field by wire. None could be obtain ed vesterday in that way. the first 'news of the 'affair -as im parted to Governor Evans bv. a rela tive, who came from Edgefield- .on Monday night, and the Goternor went over on the early train yesterday morning. During the day several gentlemen came in from Edgefield-friends of both parties-and fi-om them several stories of the affair were obtaifed. The stories on opposite sides conflict in most material particulars. Last night The State received a' story by wire from Edgefield, the iifornia tion in which ig incorporated below. The State endeavors to present below the substance of all these storieswith out prejudice to either side. It is a' difficult undertaking, but then if there be shortcomings, none but those in.' the room when the shooting took place can ive a true version, and oubtless the version of each man present would vary greatly. For a long time there has been bad blood between the two young men. It originated during the holiday season of 1893-94, over a year ago, at a ger man given in Edgefield by the elub of which Mr. Evans was the president and Capt. Tillman a member. This trouble was purely of a personal na ture. And it was the direct cause of. the shooting, the feeling haviig' grown more intense on account of ut terances on the part of each; since the affair occured. The young men were brought to gether thus: Prior to the affair men tioned above Cipt. Tillman had en tered into a financial obligation- to Mr. Evans. He had very nearly dis charged the obligation it seems, when he failed to meet a c Anag s ,. " t ip fiand -instructing him to brino suit. Capt. -Tillman signified his desire to discharge the obligation and end the matter, provi ded Mr. Evans were present. Mr. Simpkins on Monday afternoon went to Mr. Evans and informed him that Capt. Tillman was at his office and aid he was ready to end the matter. ut insisted on Mr. Evans being pres et. So far all the stories agree. -ex ept that one says that Capt. Tilliari 'Was asked" to-meet Evans in Mr. Simpkin's office.. Several stories aoree that when Mi'. Simpkins. went to Zvans and told hiin >f Capt. Tillman's -statement, Evans said that there was bad blood between them, and it would be best "that they' should not meet. They say, too, thit Mr. Simpkins said that it was only a business matter and that alone was concerned. Anyway Mr. Evans weamt to the office. Wihile Mr. Simpkins and Capt. Tillman -were talking,' it seems, Capt. Tillman, so one story ooes, remarked that the thing would fave been settled sooner, but Evans had insulted him a' year ag~o and had acted the d-n scoundrel- all the way through. This story then goes that Mr. Evans, who was behind Tillman: fired, the ball entering the cheek and coming out at the chin. Other stories say that Tillman brought in ~the reference of the'old difference, when Mr. Simpkins said that was not the matter to be settled: Evans said that if Tillman felt he gad been insulted, he was -ready to give him satisfaction at any time. but that this was another matter and he - had come there to settle it. According to these accounts Tillman then whipped out his pistol and with the remark that if Evans was ready to give~ satis! faction, the time and place was imma terial, and they might as well settle it, fired a shot, the ball going through Evans' hat.. . Another story is to the effect that when Tillman ~made his remark about the scoundrel,Evans gave it the "d-n lie," and thereupon the shooting be an.. *It is hard to tell much about the shooting itself. Some say each man shot four times, arnd some say three. Some say Evans fired the first shot and some say the contrary. The first story was to the effect that Tilman fiired first; that Tillman was going out of the office when Evans fired his last shot, hitting him in the chin, and Tillman turned and fired his last shot, hitting Evans in the shoulder. Another story goes that Tilhnan says Evans shot him from the rear whien he was not expecting it; that Tillman's first shot wVent through Evans' hat; that Tillman next ran along Evans' arm and came out back of thie shoulder; that Tillmian was shot in the chin and had his pistol hand disabled; that each fired four shots: that George Evans was in the same building in another oflice, and when the shooting begam, hurried into Simpkins' oflice, but no further shooting took place: that Tillrman stood at the door for some time after he left the office, declaring that Ev-ans had tried to shoot hinm in the back: that Tillman was out on the streets vesterday; and that both men had been placed under arrest by the towni marshal. Another story is to the etet that Evan's first shot went through Till mans cheek, coming out at his chin: that Capt. Tillman turned and lired, the bullet entering Evans' arm; that the two next shots were fired simiul taneously, Tillman's bullet piercing Evans' left breast, ranging around the body and lodging underthe left shoul der blade, while Evans' ball entered Tilman's right hand and ranged up the arm; that on the third fire Till the bqnd. and had not Evans dodged, the shot would have been fatal; that the ball from Evans' pistol .passed through Tillman's trousers; that Mr. N. G. Evans fired a shot or two hafih lessly as he came upon the-seene, the bullets finding resting places iii the wall; that Capt. Tilhnan was at his law oiice all day yesterday, that Mr. Evans was in bed last evening and physicians were probing for the ball in his shoulder. Now these are the several stories of all sides obtained yesterday, and they are given for the information, of the public, and in order that justice may be done to all the parties. so far ;s, tlhe means of obtaining -information are productive of results. Considerable of a stir was created in Columbia by the affair.-StAte... JAPANESE BRUTALITY. The'lHorrors f.t--he'Port Arthur.MTaNcre Depleted. YANo UvF.i B. C., Jan. 1.-Among. the passengers by tile Empress of Japan was Frederick Villiers. wai- corre pondhet'' -and artist.. who:: drived straig lit from the'a-t of war;~- :When asked by the Assciated Press-cri-Es pondent regdrdin the.tuiof the stories-of'the-niassacresat-Pcrt Arthur, Vilbersaid-that unfortwnately it was Oilv'too -true: On-the twenty-first. when: Port Arthu was- captured, Ovama decided that the Japanese sliould occupy .the.:.tow1.n and .the inmagai's .regiuent w.as, ordgered to perform this duty.... Tlwv entered the town;- Villier'..!Londoi... Sjtandard reelman, .. Xew Y'k .o orld)., a: Cowan, (Londoil Timn). being with JIust inside the-cit\ .r igre eamtis ated. heads of .T'tpiese -,1.c5;On ples, and nsoomr6ad tJ'e troops een .these tjin tt ji,,os ait 1olo aid indiscrmdi nat'lylberd gerv bodytfiey'fouid. . i i d issued proclamation tlhat'.hoft1e mha itants should be moles , so ti na tis-wei-e st-anding in rgroups on the trets watching the entry of the soldi ~rs. They woere dien litie sheep into roups a'd shlot down in cold 'bfood. hat kept up all of th-e first day: i the' second day 'the soldiers' bidke >pon'stores and houises and-shot down nen;,-women and tiildren- -ho kard iidiirg. 'No one was spared. neftlier -oung nor old. The'=third-and fo-trth lav the butdherv coiirnued-: nicers fot evenm afteniptilig'tYreheek the-m'ed~ md manr of the bodie'-werhovribly nutilated. " -- -Ofttlie third dayofrthbemassacre the 4a'ese offiders -ecognized that-they ad nade a mistake. and attempted to ,onceal the buteliery .by . throwing lothes- of 0hinese' soldiers- over the >dies. Yillieis, Creelnan and Cowman itnessed- the' killing of mahy, and. illiers - has takeir several snap -shots I ih -bear uideniable truth -.of - the mutcherv. When shown :statermens eit out by the Jappreselegation at. Yk ~slnmlon jusiffingjMnesur'e''Villi -atst s..im possible -to..justif y it,. lat was excusable,.. the sokIbsIat 11l control on ing tm milated des; but -after. the-h-drNaime-to.re-1 tecthere was no excugem~lhr~d h etowin had a popujetion 9f1,,,00O'to ?0, and. fip'm35 to 40. ere lf ahive. nu'hose .had ticket' sigued by.. the paiese ofligers sig ifying...tiat .hey ~vr not to be .killed. .... It. was a terrible sight.,.anid it niide hm ver~y depresse~d asth cr.pon [ensJiled.ormed; a 1igh9op~mon. .1. h Japar ese~fromn t'ieir previous.con fut. At Kinchow, the inhabitants wdlebfnbd thenA'and' call'd them-".anl oels from heaven," and everywhere siethyhadadted iii a civilized njin rie. Their condudt at'Port ,Ai-'thr, iever, sho'wed thai t.hey- #eid'stl saages.. 'D6GiierAine,- The :iud orespndent-Whist-only -de-idtinc d by Villdi:wh-u:heeliis--is-iimh af of th aseegdeinn tid enthefrrI'their c'onntaat Port thiir. DeGuerrille, 'lhe isi was ot a~t the front''at eilkbntstayed vitmh 'ied 31isdlOdnairtfrer liv ngi-coiifor and' obtainuvnghearaf reports. -He also' dgnoiunees hrm for hiforming the Japanese goverlnmen that Cre~elman was...a.Chin6ese sg, as 31reb..teir lives were endangeret Ee' jionised'to -exiose'-lith'on-hisar' rif~ iii' NeV Y-ork' 11 Dd'Glif~ilfe li y Tilie1?. w'ato -c-ofllt -tro= phi'nd dyin-lkwi~e'.- Wei-Hai-Wmei2' Villirs's~v's. ~mill: ke''cptafi'tltis w'ter; bu~tPekinii ill-'ri oej meac'hed: Cehnan' returns-hofid on tlie n8 f Einpes. .1 s~ta rch F actory Comning. --- CLadBI. S..Q. Jan ...U 2tmemer rains but that it pours and thge chiances. re that Oalumbia- will securie a.,big~ ta ch- mill, whicli is. desirous of movt inSouth also.. Te beman, wmho mwries aboutit is' a'NeWY X'rh n~iufrctiei.. will'cn'suiiealthiPo~'fjtht''e'ciii 'be riid oi'10,00acr'ea'of ilind; ' wots td S66rdti~y di StaleToing i who 'referred thie fdite'itb NM 0 ~in.. who suggests that the 'c'dhiifftde'iiN wait On him- wvhenit' goes oi. It is needless to say that this wildl be douem and a letter will be addressed to him immediately. .The letter readsthus: New .York, Jan. -14 1893. D. H. Tompkins,-Esa.,- S.ecretary of -.State: - - . -. -Dear Sir--The enclosed was~ no aoub~t placed in the money envxelope, for which reason I return- sone to y ou. I shall bo'ghid tilia'r fioin~ seinei%. i of your flig ca-pitalists at the 'sdonest possibl-timie, before it is too-hte..anrdl the inidustrym goes to another ' State.-I whhT. ant sur e y our people wmoulid afterwards foreved reret.' Suirely it would- also be'in-'the interettof the large cotton mill owmners to hav one Th or mrestarch I (foails lc.ted .in their neighbor hood: they" woulmd bene it ii 'various miv s by sufii amn - ngf'r takig.. Whait mmill'your city (10 for us and also'v(tir State' It is of-g'reat imota)rIne tQ bi d for~ tilie giblic mn oir'State o'ener.'dly tonha-ve tis imdustry come to' your M'.~t Unle started' there it will soon1 incrase enn- 0 siderably. Manv'~h an'ks'fitrh book only sorry it isso ~ 1d andLdes. ihee fore. not 'give~ .:ny reliable',iu forma-i ion. -liopinig~so t*~oii hearr'an yout, I remains y ours respectfully,. . .B. lite mums. A (irewmmelt side sniow. Cuxm'AN o\. Tenni.. .Jan. 12.- -Un dertke. J."G. Frankin, Jir.. was.oni trial toda on thiechatrgec of comiduct, ig a mIuseumiI withiouti a license.. The )odis of thme two negroesx. - G4eorge Mapp and 1)uddie Wo odeun, hainged vesterdy, were placed ini (colins and carried to Fi-ankhn' s establishment. where lie exp)osed themi to am gapung crowd of neroes at.5 cents adnassion. The chief or p)oiice stoppedl - the: show COING TO THE (OTT0N. WHY'.THE'~ NORTHERN MILLS ARE MOVING SOUTH. 3More Favorable Lawjs. Cheaper Labor and Longer Hours than in the North--Many Other Advantage%--The Climate Is 31ilder. BosToN. Mass, Jan. 16.-The entire nannfacturing population of New England. employer and employee. -has been startled the last *eek by. the ap pearance in the 31assachusetts Legis lature -of three of the largest manufac tu-ring corpordtions in Lowell asking permission. ind'r amended charters, to d6busines' in the.' South. On all hands have beeiYpressed eager ques tions as to the significance of the movement. Followin- the natural sequence of ideas, manv have iniag iiied.tfiat the whole textile operations Of. theii-i. L ig ,cotton' were to be "Iul sferredto.the- boriers of the sunny fi ds'whereinthe libre is grown, and That the' industry was -to be revolu tionized. It is hardly that, however. The in d stry is not'to be-revolutionized. - It is.simipl to advance. The movement ffeasenaiige. but it means progress. Cheqap la96i, longhliours: wholly or bftiit &efffifted by legi-slative control. proxiiW to the sLaple, are the influ itia"0egints in the change. - It is by h.'ainew. thought. North 6rin imaiufacturers have, for the last half' dozen'years.' been watching the develdtlint-of the cottoii- manufac turing'. .mJdbetry in thie South. of f iil it uast aken trade.In tDit hae been-put relatively.unskill ed laboi-xnd chenap raw material. It ouId'tuim out'"av. cotton in coarse numb rs. coarse iilng is. drillings and similar fabrics, .much cheaper than Northern mill-cheaper in fact. by so ma6h - appiximately as was epresented in railroad freight. higher wages and 'horter hours. It beoan to get control of Southern, Id iiilowell where the movement s.jist now iost in evidence, of the xpo-rt market. With even the frac ion.6fa.cent per yard the Northern' roills could not stand the competition. ome 'of them put- their hands downI pid aaidaned the market. All of jem prosecited with -new energy a endency wiich has marked the con lct of. Northern' mills for twenty ar-s, viz -the preparations for making 'Iuer fa'b'ris.-' In the mills of Lowell, areince, Nffneiester, - N. H.. New fedford, Fall River;-Chicopee, Lewis o6n 4nd elsewhere today hardly a yard f the products of twenty years ago is oiv made. CONDITIONS REVERSED. ha'c revesed the conditions. nerfy'. as iii the'South today. lie ir etcpresented about 40 per cent U-X-. Aper c6nt'. cotton. The per T tage~of labor:in the product of the "' chusetts- Boot":and Merrimac iiisi ow, upivard of'70 per cent. lereheresN there.is money in the b gods, atud.idlc Northern cap o th -. v too eaer to confide itself d thiese vt- enterprises dTue k ks of the .Merritnac, of Buzzard's Na Narragansett- bays. Or the Lowtvll corporations, the Iassachusetts was the'irstto ask the gldture for an increase of capital. -Tconpany was incorporated in 9'qanid haid in-1S93 a paid up- capi tAll of ST;800 000 and a property worth anc'mae: - -loc'ated at-the junction of the Concord an d-Merrinmac rivers. For han'r vears previous to three years go-this comnpa-ny enjoyed almost a ndeg'olv, - fir-as Amnerican manu aturers~erecon-cerned, of the Chii 1aiaket, for-'wliich the staple was rwn..coon.:n. - $eriously pressed lyy the Southern ills stl'isnlpany Went to the Legi5 aure iti'the spring- of 1893 and asked o 4nd- oI'ained permission to im rase-its capital stock to $,000.000. Ri~hts for this stock were eagerly tak m uu:.: The avowed object was the es ablihentof-a plant in the South to ae*--the.'company's coarse .work. Mba-while..; the machinery in the Edwelk plant'was..chan.;ed for finer work and fancy .ateria'l. Chle Boot .3ills, .incorporated in l885, with'a pyesentcapital of 81,200. 00ihext d6r to the- Massachusetts. kiA 'o~i'eeihav'e -appearedprofonndly i~prssed bgf~e'examnle of its neigh adrfro'the strt Thie Boott;- also. qltil dithit~e~ir years, enjoyed a ~tead anid prdifable tmrade, on staples sqid'nim nmobers, bnt, like their mghio: fell-.the forc6-of Southern dnpetition. ~Atis executive head incharge of~t&i,mjlls it had an excep ijqaly able.man, one, familiar with :.egis~rn ~ohoand also en Ided witli a'.keen ~ apprehension of he chinerciaPyossibilifies of its pro hjets.~ns'w\ell as'a> th.oroughly techmi a sk~ill itif its mnamifacture. It Was i-gely by A.. G. Cumnock's advice ht hris conmpany-the -Boott-peti ibned the .present Massachusetts Leg islature for per'mission to follow the .upe of the Massachusetts corpora Thien.'followed the Merrimac Comn paiy, w'ith arequest to be allowedto ~ii.nrese the capital from $2,50,000 t~o ;3500:(00. The latter capped the cli ia' of the ahnost- dramatic effect of the mrement. The MIerrimac is the oldest gr'ieat cotton manufacturing oorationi in Am erica. Incor'porated in 1828 it:was the f irst to demonstrate the commnercial practicability of the poei- loom.i It shaped the pohey~ anid id the plain, thought oiut and worked et a system ofmanufeturing operation h1'f (c)Otto that is to a greater or' less extet in v-ogue ini every cotton mill .in America. ,INY 1+LDMENTS IN THF. 1'IoIDLEM. Ini thu i pobkun there :Wre many- ele mn"lt ofan newV iC~ indulistry whatever. hads fr(1 hust-worithyV and skilful and eh'-a0 Trwillinigto go Souith, are neces gare.- Theire is no suiperahuindances of thm~i. Sk iilkd operators are- another facor Tentv years ago) in the Mer rhrel due-C- girl cold~ run11 seven or eit iooms ol1n lnwoirk. ( >n some gradea' now\ mal'de there she can onily run one or1 t wo. TheI element of atmios phee. its misiture or dryness, is ima potant. Thme best conditions admiitted v reva .il in E'ngland. In the whole regoi fromn LgngoIsland.Sound to the Penobcot Riv em the pmrobleam is one of arvig' diffi'chitx. Except in funda mneta1.ph m-es if i' abost wvholly un detfeiurned' ini theitouth. 'infti6 othert hand, in Lowell. Fall River Ne~y Bedford(, Manchester', etc, lalof'is expaensive; legislation, accord in to the corporatiOns, restrictive, of ten oppressive. To the inland places the ralroamds' taxz On coal is burden soni. -The milleof Fall lRiver and water. Coal costs about '1 per ton less to them than to Lowell. The lat ter has to some extent equalized it. as have the mills of Lawrence. Nashua and Manchester. on the Merrimac, and Lewiston. on the Androscoggin. etc. by water power. And finally comes the lost freight cost on waste. the dirt and useless por tions of the raw material. These'lat ter coniderations are strongly affirma tive in influencing the establishment of mills in the South for the coarser lines of goods. and for many of the preparatory processes for fine grades. proLably. LABoR SIDE. Elliot Clark. treasurer of the Boott Company. said to me today: "The fact is we can no longer make plain sheetings and drills at a profit in the North. Against -2 per ton for coal in the Souti. we must pay 44 to *4 50. The climate down there is milder, and it does not require so much coal to heat the mills. The manufacturers there can buy their cotton off the mar ket wagon. We -must pay freight and brokerage, giving them an advantage of one cent per pound on the raw cot fon, which by itself is a fair profit for a mill iaking coarse yarn goods. The labor. too. costs 60 per cent of wliat it does here and down there the taxation is not quite one-half what it is in Lowell. 'These are some of the main reasons whv we cannot manufacture the sheet ing and drilling in the North in com petition with the South. The labor there. while cheap, is of a very line class. All the female help in the mills down there are farmers' daughters. who are glad to work for small wages. which seem large to them. as they are not accustomec. to monev as we are here. As the negroes (o not work in the cotton mills down there, the white people are quite will ing to take up that form of work. --These Southern girls are strong, quick to lrn and glad to be in the way of earning some money. "Reports of production from good Southern mills show that the machin erv as a rule is runa little faster than in'the North. and the goods are of ex cellent quality. which is the best proof of the efliciency of the labor ia the Soth.--News and Couirer. Sotind Like Siberia. COLUMNA. S. C.. Jan. 16.-A case of kidnapping and cruelty. which ri vals the tales or Siberian cruelties. camue to Dr. Lester's attention yester day and all will doubtless agree with hiin, when lie says it is a case which the authorities should sift to the bot tom without delay. Dr. Lester was called to attend the victim at the cor ner of Blanding and Pickens streets esterdiv morning. The patient was Henry King, -a very small colored boy, an orphan, wh-o had lived with friends of his parents at the corner of Bland ing and Pickens streets ever since he became an orphan, up to the day that the circus showed in Columbia last October. On that day the lad went down to see the circus tents, and dis appeared as completely as if the earth had opened and swallowed him up. No one had any idea of what had be - e H a nserr, was heard of him, until yestr morning, when the little fellow, a hor rible-sight to gaze upon, staggered alongi till he got in front of his erst while home and his strength gave out. There lie was found and taken in doors. The child was starved nearly to death. He was a mere shadow. He was barefooted and ragged and his feet and legs were in a fearful condi tion. Both had been frostbitten and were horribly svrollen, seeming about about to burst open. Several of his toes were about to drop off. Dr. Les ter says he will have to aniputate them at once. Dr. Lester, as soon as he saw the child, had him removed at once to the colored hospital. The lit tle fellow said he did not run away last October. He says while he was looking at the tents a big negro wo man came up and seized him, taking him with her over in the country in Lexington. He says she has kept him there ever since making him work and starving him nearly all the time. ie says she did not beat him much; but would starve him instead. He had tried to escape niany times, but had not been successful till MIonday night. Then lie made for is old home How' lie was found at the end of his jurney has been already told. The little fellow does not knowv the name of the unknown womian, but, Dr. Les tr says, if the boy lives, he can doubtless take the law oflicers to the lace wher-e she lives and recognize. ~er. The physician says the child is tn a serious cond ition.-LState. MIr. Traxier's Succssor. CotrM3Am, S. C.. Jan. 17.-It is now State Liquor- Commissioner Frank 31. 3ixon. MIr. ID. W. Traxler of Tim monsville no longer holds the respon sible position as the head of the ofli cial liquor business in South Carolina. The new. State board of control, in re sponse to a call issued by Governor Evans, the chairman, held a meeting -at 6i o'clock yesterday afternoon in the Governor's office, and the resignation of Mfr. Traxler as liquor commission er hiavinig been received and accepted. Col. Frank MI. 3Mixon, the present su peitedenit. was nonuated and elected. Col. MIixon, the new com missioner, will take charge at once. He camne hei'e several years ago as clerk in the oilice of te Superinten dent of Education. Col. MIixon hails from Barnwell c'ounty-. where lie is well known. When the dispensary systeni was put~ ini operationi Col. 3Iix o' was made superinitenidentof th.e big' State d~spensary. He ,has held' this pmostion ever since, giving much satis faction. Col. Mlixon has nmny friends in the city, who will be glhad to hear of his pronmotion. Mi. Traixler, dur ing his residence here has made miany friends, particularly among the busi ness meni with whom lie has been th'own ini conitact. lie is a most ca ~ale aind couirteo us business man, and has discharged his dluties as comnuls siOeCr wit!h marked success. MIany will be sorry to s;ee him~ leave.-State. IiLyehe aun noaw Liveuth. reached here last night of the hanging of iRuben Garner by a mob f ind~ignanlt neighibors in Dal las county last Ttyrsday. Garner was accused of r'obbmg~,thie stoi'e of Hunt & Fowler at CJelt p~st otlice last week. aiid a crowd of tehn or 12 neigh bors went to his home and took him out and strung him to a tree and left him suspenided, his feet a short dis tance from the ground. A friend of Garner's who was present wvhen the men called, followed them to where ther hamnged him. amnd lbe suicceededh. after vigorous ell'orts. ini1 rsasi4tatjing A TERRIBLE EXPLOSION. SEVERAL ACRES STREWN WITH DISMEMBERED HUMAN LIMBS. Searching for the Mangled Bodies Amongs the Debris-Who are Responsible for the Awful Calamity-30 Tons of Powder Ex ploded. BrTE, Mont, Jan. 15.-During a fire at the Montana Central Railwar yards this evening several cars of pow der caught fire and exploded with tremendous force, killing a number of firemen and spectators and maiming many others. Several men are known to have been killed outriglit. There were three separate explosions, the first two breaking nearly every win dow within a radius of two miles. Owing to the excitement the extent of the casualties cannot be ascertained. The fire attracted a large crowd and hundreds were standing near when the first explosion occurred. Men and women were mowed down like grass before a sickle but many are only stunned by the force of the explosion. Debris from cars and adjoining build ings were scattered high in the air for half a mile away, many of the flying articles striking people in the crowd. Every ambulance vehicle. and doctor in town was soon on the scene carry ing off the dead and wounded. The round was strewn like a field of bat tle with thein-jured and dead. Owing to the fact that there were still several cars of powder on the track and the report that one of the burning ware houses also contained a quantity of )owder. few, after the first explosion. dared to venture assistance to the in jured. When they did, they were met by the second explosion, like a raking fire from an army. The second was soon followed by the third, and the heavens were lighted with flame. The reports were heard and the shock felt for miles. After the third explosion the hospital corps and the police began the work of picking up the dead and caring for the wounded. Fifteen dead bodies were piled together, many of them being mangled to such an: extent that they were not identified in the ex citement. Every house in the vicini ty was turned into a hospital. The scene after the explosion was beyond all descriptioi. Men and women wrung their hands and cried in agony. It is said that every fireman was either killed or fatally wounded. It is be lieved that the numoer of dead will reach at least seventy-five. Bum, Mont., Jan. 16.-When the smoke caused by the successive explo sions of.giant powder at the hardware warehouse last night had cleared away the sight which presented itself to the survivors was sickening in the extreme. The ground for a block around the scene of the accident was strewn with guivering flesh of the dismembered men and horses, pinned down by frag ments of fire engines and burning brands from the demolished ware house. The warehouse was literally bloiwn to pieces and a hole seventy five feet deep was excavatna u1 in round by the force of the explosion. --OA1reddhat some bodies were of the explosion aninantnxy- e been cremated. Owing to the nature of the fire and its dangerous locality, the entire fire force were called out to prevent the spread of the flames to the adjoining buildings. Three policemen had been detailed to keep -'the crowd back and they were' also killed. Many of the spectators were instantly ki1-led and several were hurled back for some dis tance 'from the scene of the fire, and were rendered unconscious by the force of the shock. Numerous persons liv ing in distant parts of the city have lost the powerot speech from the force the shock. The list of the dead will prbably reach 75 and thedamage done to property will be more than $1,000, 000. In all three car loads of powder exploded. At2 o'clock this morning forty-three dead bodies had been found and re moved to the morgue. Many of them were shockingly burned and so muti lated as to be totally unrecognizable. A small boy, whose name is not known, about ten years of age, was found dead in the street a block and a half away from the scene of the ex plosion. One wvoman was killed in a house half a block away by an anvil thrown through the roof. Human heads. legs and arms were scattered for several blocks from the scene of the reatest of three explosions. It is be lieved that the complete list of the dead cannot be Lecured for several days. The f.rst explosion was caused by nitro glycerine stored in the private warehouse of the Kenyon-Connell Commecial Co., which was burned. The second came from a car load of powder on the railroad track and the third from the warehouse of the Butte Hardware Compay, which adjoined that of the Kenyon-Connell Company. At 10 o'clock this forenooa. the known number of the dead was forty seven. This list will undoubtedly be increased when the debris of the ex plosion is removed, as it is almost cer tain that bodies lie hidden in the ruins of the demolished warehouse. Of the dead thus far recovered. twenty-six have been identified either wholly or partially. In some cases the identifica tion has been by articles of clothing or jewelry, the bodies being defaced and blackened so as to render personal identificaiton impossible. It is not impossible that in some cases mistakes have been made, but, in general. there is little doubt as to the identity of the bodies. Some of the bodies or p~ortions of bodies, will never b~e identified. becaiuse of the frightful mangling they have under one. Headless trunks without a vestige of clothing adhering to them, dismembere~d limbs and pieces of flesh are in sonme cases all that is left. The dead arc now distributed among the various undertaking establishments. but some time today or tomorrow all will be collected in one place so that identification may be facilitated. No) arrangements have beein made for the funeral, but it will be a public affair and union services will be held by tile clergymen of all denomi nations. The families of the firemen and policemen whlo died in thle performance of their dutv. will be takenl Care of by the city. Public subscriptions will be started for theC relief of others... There is the greatest popular indig nation over the stor'age of niitro-glycer ic. giant powrder and rack-a-rock in the heart of the city, which is responsi ble for last nlight's horror. An in estigation will be instituted to dis cover who is responsible for it, and if it is found that any public officials are to blame for the violation of the ,.;y ordinances they will find this climate too warm for them. On the other hand if the mercantile firms who owned the explosives are found to have violated the law deliberately, they will suffer financially and other wise. The people are 'thoroughly aroused over the catastrophe and will make some one answer for it. From all that can be learned, the total amount of explosives that went up in the three explosions was nearly thirty tons. There were twenty tons of giant powder alone that went up in the blast. A SAD STATE OF AFFAIRS. The Ohio Coal Miners are in Great Dis tress. COLDIBUs, O., Jan. 13.-A gentle man who resides in the Hockino Val ley, and is pretty familiar wi the condition of the minersthere was here today. He says the miners have been in destitute circumstances for some time, and the matter was brought to the attenticn of the officials of the Uniited 1ine Workers, but they practi cally ignored the matter, probably be cause they did not comprehend the real situation. When they neglected to take action the miners themselves ap pointed committees who have for the past two months been going quietly about the country soliciting aid which they claimed was for the Hocking Val ley~Railroad men who lost their situa tions by reason of the strike on that road last summer. This the gentle man claimed was done.in order that the public might not know that the miners were in impoverished circum stances. The gentleman said he had heard it charged that the United Mine Work ers officials had advised that the mat ter be kept from the putlic, but he doubted the truth of it. However. those officials are now being criticized for not taking an active interest in the matter since the condition of affairs has been made public. So far as known they have not attempted to do anything for the benefit of the suffer ers. He further says the destitution in the Sunday Creek Valley completely overshadows that in the Hocking Val ley or in and aboutNelsonville, where the first appeal came from. He thinks the destitute there will have to be cared for till spring at least. A newspaper man who has just-re turned from the scene says destitution is widespread and that no writer could draw a picture horrible enough to do the matter justice. He say.s it is impos sible to conceive how such a condtion could exist in a civilized country and that it is a disgrace to the Stat' of Ohio which will not soon be blotted out. In view of this fact he thinksit is well the real conditionsshould bepresentd to the public. When he asked the miners how they would guard against such circumstances in the future, they almost invariably answered that theY would work more and strike less. The well-to-do citizens in the im poverished district charge that much of the suffering there can be traced to the drinking habit. They say many of the minersin prosperous times seem to have no other desire than to enrich M ann - no at-' t.-.npt o prepare for an. better classes 'of miners admit this is 1=mieina ret many instances but the are the ~r'~ sponsible for this condition. But while these charoes are made those making them proca in that this is not a time to inquire after causes. The effect alone must be considered. APPEAL FOR AID. Cot'rmBs, 0., Jan. 13.-Tonight Governor McKinley read a telegram from Professor Coultrap, of the relief commission at Nelsonville ' ha supplies be sent to Shawnee and lou cester at once, as well as to Nelson ville. Immediately the Governor sent Mayor Blee, of Cleveland, the follow ing telegram: "There is much suffer ing for provisions and clo among the miners of the Hocking Valyand Sunday Creek Valley, of this State. It is of such a character that I feel constrained to call upon the generous people of Ohio to render assistance. The carload of supplies sent last week has been already exhausted. Cohmn bus will send a carload tonight and Cincinnati will commence shipping contributions tomorrow. Contribu tions can be either money, provisions or clothing. Can Cleveland be ready to ship supplies by Wednesday, or otherwise contribute as may deem best by that time. I will later indicate to what points the shipments should be mAe." The carload of provisions that was to leave here this morning was not sent, but will go to Gloucester tomorrow morning. Suffereing in Newfoundland. ST. JOHNs, N. F.. Jan. 13.-The of ficers of the mall steamer Virginia 'Lake, which arrived here to-day, re port intense destitution along the nor thern coast of Newfoundland. The steamer recently carried five hundred barrely of flour to the north for dis tribution among the needy families, but as this amount, is totally inadequ ate to meet the widespread starvation existin" there the Government will dispateTi her again to-morrow withan other supply, this being the last op portunity for sending relief to the in habitants of those parts until next April. From now until that time they will have to support themselves as b5est they can. At to-day's services in all the churches many references were made by the preachers to the necessity of their parishioners immediately donating money, clothing o'r food for the relief of their impoverished brethern, and at tention was called to the fact that the resources of the local committees on relief will be exhausted this week un , less more generosity is exhibited by' citzens. A Deadly Duiel. WALHIALLA, Jan. 11.--Robert Moore a revenue oflicer. and R. T. Thrift, a moonshiner, shot and killed each other today about fifteen miles from Walhalla in the mountains. Itseems. that Thrift was arrested last night for illicit distilling by Moore and posse. While on the way to WValhalla today, Thrift tried to make his escape by shooting Moore. who returned the fire; each shot struck a vital part and both died in a few minutes. Only one wit ness, by the name of Lee, another of ficer, witnessed the shooting. This is the sixth murder for Oconec in the last seven months. Coroner Crisp has gone to hold the inquest.-State. -Frozen to Death.) AUGCsTA. Ga. Jan. 13.-Guy. Har deni, formerly station agent on the Georgia Road at Sawdust, was found this morning frozent to death. He left Augusta Saturday night, driving home in a wagon. The team went di rect to his house and he was found in