Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VOL. X. MANNING, S. C., WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 12, 18 . OUR NEW GOVEINOR. THE HON. JOHN GARY EVANS INAU GURATED CHIEF MAGISTRATE. The Inaugural Address Very Conservative and Patriotic In Its Tone-W'hat Hie ne commends-Th$Ful Text of the Address Will be Found Below. COLUMBIA, S. C., Dec. 5.-The Hon. John Gary Evans was inaugurated Governor of South Carolina vester day in the presence of a large aid.en thusiastic crowd. Down stairs in the executive chantber the inaugural par tywas assembling about noon. The Governor-elect was there chatting most of the time with Chief Justice McIver. Governor Tillimah, having shortly before done his last. work as chief executive, wearing a white flow er in the lapel of his coat, walked u) and down, and was in an ideal good humor. United States Senator Irby was there too, as were also Circuit Judges Benet and Norton. and Dr. J. A. Rice. Very soon the clerks of the two houses, with the members of the inauguration joint committee, came in. * The Senate came in about 1:05 p. m. with much pomp. In a short time the inaugural party entered.headed by the sergeant-at-arms of the House. bear ing the historic colonial maceand the same officer of the Senate. bearing the equally historic sword of State. Then the band struck up a lively march. President pro tem. of the Senate. John R. Harrison, who was in the.chair or dered the membersto rise. Then came Chief Justice McIver and Associate Justice Pope together, followed by As sociate Jutsice Gary and Circuit Judge Benet, all wearing - their official robes. Judge Norton and Mr. Robert son, of the committee, folloived. and then came Dr. J.-A. Rice, the officiat ing minister, on the arm of Senator Irbv. Mr. Weston. and Dr. James W&)drow came next, and then Dr. Timmerman on the arm of a commit teeman.' The Governor-elect came in on the arm of Senator McCalla. Gov ernor Tillman followed on the arm of Senator Dennis. The other State of licers and solicitors followed. The party mounted the Speaker's stand and most of them took seats. Speaker Jones stood' at the elbow of President Harrisonwho forthwith an nounced that the Governor-elect was ready to take the oath of office. The exercises were then opened with pray er by the Rev. Dr. John A. Rice. The prayer was a most beautiful and most appropriate one. The Governor-elect stoodjust behind the minister. He asked God's blei on the outgoin. administration. e praved that all their deeds might redound to God's glory. He invoked in choice language . the Divine blessing on the incoming administration, and prayed that the Lord would grant unto the new ruler wisdom from on high, and a mind keen to discover the truth in all his rlations with the people; that all his apnathies be broadened to all condi tioni of men. He prayed that in the -ew ruler might, to the young men of the State, be exemplified the religion of Jesus Christ, to the end that right eousness and -peace might kiss each other in South Carolina. At the conclusion of the prayer President Harrison announced -The Honorable John Gary Evans, Gover nor-elect, is present and ready to take the oath of office." He picked up a very handsome new bible and holding it out Mr. Evans and Chief Justice Mclver also gaedit. The chief justice then administered the required oath. When he ceased speaking Mr. Evans turned his head to the audience and declared in a ringing tone, "I do" -and then he was Governor. Mr. Harrison then released the chair and Mr. Evans stepped to the elevation, proceeding at once to deliver his in augural message. He was listened to with the closest attention all the way through, and many were surprised at the expressed tone of the effort. Mr. Evans spoke as follows,delivering the address with great deliberation. THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS. Gentlemen of the General Assembly: After obtaining the will of the poop'le in threeseparate electionsI might say. I am here today to assume the gover norship of the ~proudest people on the o'lobe-the Governorship of South Uarolina. Ten years ago the elevation of a man of my age to the highest honor in the gift of the people would have been regarded almost as uncon stitutional. A young man in South Carolina would not have dared aspire. to this honorable position for fear of gii the odium of that class who forsooth, by reason of age or inherit ance, considered the offices as their particular property without regard to the popular will. There are some who still regard the political revolution of 1890, which gave to us an aristocracy of brains instead of land and money. as an hallucination, a dream of youth filled with iconoclasts and as the reign of the demagogue. This gentle slum ber will result in good, and the Rip Van Winkles of the State will awak en to find themselves monuments of antiquity,surrounded by young scions of modern progress and development. who have nothing but love and rever ence for them. It is a matter of congratulation to the people that the effort to stay the course of Reform by an appeal to the ignorant and purc'hasable vote has bn rebuked the second time in a manner unmistakable in terms, and let us hope that in the future there will be found in the State no man so ignoble as to dare threaten us with a return of the dark (lays from 186S to 1876. It is unifortunate indeed that the foundation of our social and political institutions is the unity of the white people. This condition was thrust upon us by the emancipation and en franchisement, with one stroke, of an unfortunate, ignorant race. unlit to govern thems'ives. Placed in power by the bayonet, forced to govern their' former masters, we thus witnessed a spectacle seldom recorded in history. a government of ignorance, vice and corruption,'over wisdom, virtue and honesty. Such a condition of af fairs was not expected to be perpetuated, and it was no surprise to wise and thoughtful statesmen that a reversal was had at the v-ery first opportunity. The result has been to limit our politi cal affairs to the control of b)ut one p arty. to wit: "The White Manm's Part'y." This was necessary for the preserv tion of our imstitutions. "Times change and men change withm them." The fear of Radicalism has been dying out year by year on account of thme in activity of 'our foes, differences of opinion have arisen naturally as to the administration of our government, un ti finll sme of oui- citizens have foolishly taken the frozen viper to their bosom only to receive its deadly fang. . is it necessary for ine to warn the rOUnlg men of ourState of the dange that tlreaten us? Must I picture Sot1 Carolina prostrate, strugling in the days of reconstruction? Must .: th-e son, of a Confederate soldier. ask his comrades to pause and consider \ Will the sun turn upon his mother and pierce her through the heart with the same blade that smote her traducer: I cannot believe it. nor will I do it. Aor will those who follow me. I say here and new upon the threshold of my administration to those who op pose me: "Conie, let us reasoin to gether." There is no room in South Carolina for divided hearts. If the invitation is refused, remember.South Carolina shall not suffer. Let the blow fall upon the heads of those who seek to rule or ruin: I do not fear the result. It has been truly said that of all the States of the Union, the citizens of South Carolina are possessed of more characteristic individuality. It is ex pressed by an English fhistorian in these words: "Thev are first South Carolinians. next Southerners. and lastly Americans." This is true: we are South Carolinians from birth and choice, .outherners from principle. and Americans from force of circum stances. We cannot cominpromise prin ciple, we will not surret er our birth right. and we must make the best of our.surrounding circumstances. Let us then, in adjusting our ditferences. remember that we are South Caroli nians, and the only plane upon which we can meet is that of equality, guid ed by wisdom, justiceandmoderation. Never in the historv of our country was more patriotic action needed on the part of our citizens. The crisis which confronts us threatens the very life of our institutions and industries. We are an agricultural people-farm ers, if you please-dependent upon the products of the soil for existence: as they prosper, so 'prospers the State. Cotton raising and cotton manufactu ring will ever be the chief industries of our State. God has made it so. and we cannot change it. We are today the leaders in cotton manufacturing in the South: our laws are more favora ble and our water powers grander and cheaper than elsewhere in the Union: strikes are unknown among our oper atives, and the greatest harmony and good will exists between employerand employed. Our mills have continued to work to their utmost capacity even in time of panic, when Northern mills were forced to shut down: they have, with few exceytions, declared divi dends ranging from 6 fo 15 per cent. upon the capital invested, besides in many instances doubling their capaci ty from fhe surplus profits. While all this is encouraging, and this industry should be fostered by every mean's in the power of our Gen eral Assembly, I regret to say the con dition of the cotton producer is posi tivelv alarming. While the demand for cotton goods has increased and the price remains comparatively steady. we find the price of the raw material lower than ever in the history of our country in tines of peace; yes. e n lower than the cost of production. In seeking for the cause of so abnormal a fact we are told that over-produe tion and want of economy at home are the reasons. Our farmers are ad vised to raise less cotton and practice more rigid econgmy at homie and leave the government alone. We are contemptuously told to plow on. Be not deceived. T'his is the voice of usurers and hypocrites. While over production, according to the law of supply and demand, does tend to de crease the p rice of products. the de cline should always be in proportion to the surplus stock. Such has not been the case with our products. and we must look elsewhere for relief. We have been the victims since the civil war of the most infamous system of robbery under the guise of Repub lican government known to the world. Our crops are now sold .before they are planted and the price is fixed by gamblers and speculators a year in advance. The currency of our coun try is allowed to be restricted or infla teid at the caprice of the bankers and bondholders. and it is invariably re stricted: indeed to such an extent un til now a dollar buvs almost one hun dred per cent. more cotton than it did two years a go. By thme imp~osition of an unconstltutional taritf and uncon scionable penusions the fixed charges upon our farms have alnmost been doubled, until bankruptcy now stares usin the face. We are fast losing our position as ant independent State, and are becoming to the North what Ire hnd is to England. a dhependlent prov ince. Our lar'ge plantations are being bought up and converted into hunt ing preserves by the rich barons who reap the profits of honest labor under a protective government. We wel come capital to our State in any shape or form. btit we cannot buit deplore the hardship of our~ own people, who are forced to part with their homes under circumstances that should not exist. It is indeed painful to me to picture to you this gloomy outlook. but the time has come when the South and the agricultural classes of the na tion must strike for their preservation and existence. The agricultural ar mies must move and must be led. The party which has been true to us in the past'and to which we must look in future has suffered defeat from one extreme of the nation to the other. My p~rediction to you has be-en fulfill ed, and there is not a Democratic State north of Mason and Dixon's line. The Northeast seems to be deaf to our ap peals. antd the ray of light whmich we had hoped to see in the West has proved to be as fickle as an aurora ~orealis. South Carolina has led in every great moral, social atnd political reform, and it remains for us now to set the pace for the nation which will ultiiately bring r-elef to our entire people. -You shtould encourage the organization of every interest in the State: by this meanms alone can thme will of the concurrenlt lmajority be ob tained and an ide-al governmen-t be established. Thie onily intelligent mlotpliece of anyv class is an organi zationt compose '51of individuals who tionts are comlette it will be- an easy matter to marshal them unde~hr one haner be-aring the motto: "Equal r-ights to all and special privileges to none. WeC of thme Sothl are powerless. but we imust not all'ow shackles to be p laed upon01 us withot ant earne~st anzd soemnt pro)test. L 1s thle duty &It the General AXss(embly to) set fourth in un mistakable terams that the w orld may read South Carolina's or-dinance against thle opprIessioni of her people and the ef fort~s o4f plutoc~rats to ceni .1ho coiverts his house into abarroom lid gambliig hell. to evade the law nd seduce our youths is far worse. I am thoroughly satisfied, after an eive e1, uvass (f the entire State, that lhe dispensary law is now written on bIe hearts of the people. Fully 85 per ent. of our people uphold and respect ble law and it is my duty, and shall c my pleasure. to see that the remain er' do respect and obey it. There are ertaii municipalities which have re used to co-operate with the State au iioritie~s in enforcing this law, but this om1-s from the fact that they have re arded themselves as sovereign powers lid actually in one instance have pinlyv deffie' the State. It may be imi ortait just here to know what is a muincpal corporation and its relation a the State governimient. Mr. Dillard a hi. work On municipal corporaLions uis defiiie it: "A municipal corpora ion in its strict and proper sense.is bic body politic and corporate. consti lted by die incorporation of the inha itantso'f a city or a town for the pur oses of locaf government thereof. lI;n icipal corporations, as they exist ; this country, are bodies politic and oIrporate of the general character bove described, established by law. arl as an agency of the State. to as its in civil government of the country: ut ebielly to regulate and administer lie local or internal affairs of the city; riwn or district which is incorporat d." The principle of local self-govern' ent is peculiar to our republic and tie very foundation of our constitu ion. State and national.: but it must ot be contended that, in forming sub rdinate powers and agents. the State eleass entire~lv to such subordinates be right to say what laws shall be en m-eed( witlii their limits and what :all not be. They would in such cases o l)Lmer be the agents of the State to sist in civil government of the coun ry. but absolute enemies of the State. "The usefulness." says this learned uthor. "of our municipal corporations as been imlaired by evils that are ther iiinherent in them or that have requently accompanied their work 1gs. Sonic of these may be briefly in icated: 1. Men. the best fitted by their in ligence, business experience, capaci I an(i moral character for local gov rnors or counsellors, are not always ared. and it might he added. are not "nerally chosen. This is especially so f popullous cities. 2. Those chosenare too apt to merge heir individual conscience. if they ave aini. in their corporate capacity. nder the shield of their corporate haracter, ien but too often do acts ,'hjich they would never do as individ als. The influences brought to bear pon the elections for mayors and al erman have heretofore been most cor pt and degrading. In fact the decent roperty holding andintelligent voter i avoided, as withoutinfluence, while hie barkeepers, paupers and ignorant .egrees are catered to. They control lections and thereby secure pledges use the successful candidates to see at Sunday laws and liquor laws are ot enforced. Policemen are warned r to interfere with these favorites..ff Ie municipal government, under the vere penalty of losing their official .('s. The recent exposures in the me 'opolis of the nation of such practices re siiicient to open the eyes of our egislatrs of what is transpiring in .ur cities. For example: One of our ities elected three years a go what was ermedl a reform administration. As 00o1 as its officers were installed they evived certain ordinances calculated o enforce a stricter observance of le Sabbath. and such was the result. et I am intor'med that such great t'ess was brought to bcar upon the ity fathers by old offenders, Sabbath reakers of all classes, and ward poxi icians, that the ordinances were re ealed. Is this the agency of the State con emplated by a city charter? Is the ~tate to stand aside and say that we e paralyzed because, forsooth, oum gents are corrupt? Shall the sub idinate power dictate to and rule its 'reator?I What encouragement is given ie honest, law-abiding citizens of the ountry who risk theirlives to exforce he law when law-breakers in the cities ~o t)uuished bthfalure of polic o arrest. and of 'city grand juries even o find true bills? Tfhis has been the createst factor to cireate a sentiment, f any there be, of country against own.' Youl are the doctors. The rem .dy is silt. and y'ou must apply it, f law and order aire to apply ii outhi Carolina. The power to enforce the law must > takein fr'om thiehuands of the muni ipal pol itcians anid placed beyont ien' e'm:trol. it must be plaiced strong -n":ih to guarantee equal justice to e rich and( pioor. the high amnd low. You wit l be me't by' the cry of inter erece with local s'lf-gover'nment. It s false andiu a mere'C pretense to hood .vinik honest Legislators. No lawyer i ability will denyv the proposition ha a lolice oflicer is not simlya nuniipal oilicer, but lie is an ohlicer > the State.1 Therefori his first alle riance is4 to the laws.' of the -State andl i(e s~h'iuhl be appointed by the author tie of~ thej State. if nece ssaryv. Inm speaingif of the irelationis of munii ''inal cor~pora tions' to the State the Su renme Court of ILouisiania in the casc > Pol ice Jur vs\ . ShrYnexport uses this anguage:f~.' "The grovernmient of policc ury' of counltie's formned one of the subl iivisionis of the itern'al aidministration f the Staite and mi absolutely unde1 ie contr1"l of tile Legislature.:' This oneilt doctrine( is .hirmied by njearly very Stalte ini the Union w-here no ex >re('S c'onstituitional pirovision exists. \lr. Dlillon obsc'erve ini tis connection esetingt the uthvoimty. of thec Leglsla .ure ov.-r miunicipal ollicesand al licei's: it is immportanlt toi bear' in mind thc lstiction between State othieers. thia s, 4 llteers5 whiose duties conicern1 thc ette at lairte or thiegeneral pllhic, al .hough ieeised within defined terii orial liinits. amid imiunicipal oflicers xhlose. funetious r'elae exclusivelyh to o al c'onet-ruls. Thle aidiniistra~tin o: justi:ce. ti1h reser'vat ion of the public ee and the. like. although conitided .o localI Z4 aecies. ar'e essentiallyv mat 'furt" 'ft Mich''ian ini a wellh consider v''ih to~ apinti a b)oard of police "nniio ersi" as such iboard wias not nuiil: so in New'. York. Kanisas, \larnl.I Floida Illinois. Colorado, ff ''tu ky.'ori. ldiaa: and. in 1'at. "eIrly'verv '-tateu'piremeit Corrt' 4r wes r'eSpfetinlg the poflice aol heii apinfffuiilntt. anid, by statute, 1i e1 f dir'ectly prov ide fori a plerilmanent ife ~tfor ffth~le c'forpforaltifonl under the .'it'ol of' a board't of'plc oms fiiers. no4 t. f appited or elected by repuplic into a tyranical depotisi fori th# rotection of hoarded millions. I a V11ll not piesume here to su"gest a a plaii for the organization of tile agi cultural and industrial interests of the a luation. I can assure vou, lowever, f from the history of past nations, that I no10 em1ergeicv has ever ariseni. how- C ever great. that some bold leader did I not come forth equal to the occasion. l Let your ninirial be prepared by I those who feel- what ther say and the e messengers of peace will hea' it to the f sympathetic hearts and hlaids of the t nation. A victory grander than that e by force of arms will thus he wn peaceably at the ballot box. Connmu- a nitv of interests must unite the South o andl the West, and agriculture will be i rescued from slaverv. I desire to call You attention to the i State Agricultural and Mechanical So ciety. better known as our State Fair Association. This organlizat ion 1htas re ceived aid from the State until a few years past. when itsmanagementmade t the mistake of intorducing polities into it. On this account the society has lan guished and almost died. 'oi ust rescue it. Nothing is so beneficial t societv and go)d government as the as- . senibling of the people to indulge ini friendly rivalry in the arts of peace. F This fair has become an annual volk fest. where our lpeolile meet and kumo 9 each other. where the black eves meet the blue, and the State hecomies for th t, time being one happy family, with no. thought but for the conmmon welfare of South Carolina. I know of no State i in the Union whereasimilar oraniza- i: tion is maintained and this in a great t measure is responsible for the mainten- r ance of our striking individuality. A o small appropriation is all that is need- r ed to resCure the society fronm( d'at I I anld -I In sure the money will be xvl I invested aild n1o ti-e citizen will be- s grudge it. I would suggest that the 1 society be incorporated. and that the a Governor aild State othicers be made t ex oflicio directors, so that it may be come a quasi State institution aid at a the same time give the people a gua- i rantee that the money appropriated e will be directed to the proper uses. f I congratulate tile people upon tihe fact that a Constitutional convention d is at last to be called in res)onSe to their desire expressed at the ballot box. t This is a victory which means more t; than I shall express to you. It is the e most important natterwhich Vou will f, have to deal with. and should recieve - your earnest though and attention. It Z should becalled at time a most conven ient to our farmers. Remember the t stringency of money and the proverty 1 of our people and limit the ntnber of I delegates to the number of the General c Assembly. None but patriots should be v members of this convention, and the iu pay of delegates should be so small as u not to make it an inducement for ean- d didacy. Two dollars a day and the r same mileage as allowed members of V the General Assembly is suticient. Less than this amount would not sup- t port a delegate ill the city of Cohuni bia. I see no reason whv the session e of the convention should last over forty t, days. If this plan is adopted the cost t of the convention should not excee(d -.25,000. a small pittance indeed t pay " for eternal liberty and white suprem- 1; acv. It has been truly said that the best 1 educated people are the happiest and U easiest -overned. This principle has always leen recognized by our State. I We spend more money today for putbl ic ~ education, in proportion to our wealth. I than any State in the Union. Our higher inistitutions of learning equal those of any State, and in Clemson Col lege and the Winthrop Normal and In dustrial College for girls, the systemt will be completed. Clemson Collegre is the poor bovs' institution and its doors - should not' be closed to a single one who knocksfor admission. If its capac- I ity is too limited, enlarge it at once. Eonomy in this respect is unjust andl I nigrcardly, for the State recieves htin drlsof alollars in return for every onet invested in training the brains of her children. The South Carolina College. which is our higher classical institu tion. should be opened to young wxo-c men from the freshmen to the seniorc clas-s. If our wvomen desire to enter t literary fields. there is no just reasonc why thiey should not be given the ad-t vantagesi of our highest literary institu tions and not be compelled to leavet the State on accont of a foolish, anti-t qated sentimlent. Co-education has 5 provced a stuccess in the civilizedl na-i tions of the world and the best and~ t highest institut ions of learning, both in Europe and America, are now opmen i to young men and wvomen alike. Gambetta has truly said "That in 01' der to make hearts beat together souls mst be brought togethier.' T1he pr'es ent law of allowing~ womien only in t the junior and( senior classes is absurd and ridiculous. and, while inltembde' satisfy a demand for such ednieatio n. it is a makeshift and amotmtis to pirohi bition. Tihe brightest je'-els of any State are hler literary and intelligenmt womleni andl they should n1) at)b deprli\ ed of the State's bounty. Our commion school system is far from satisfactory. but under our pr'es-< ent C"onstltutioit i - is impossible to iml poe tupon it. It is e'corniagin;g,. h0wever, to niote thlat under the oper-itt tion of our separate schlool dist rict hi w. the averaw'e tree schlool terml for' thei State hlas$>eenl incrased from two and a half months to a fraction ouver tour'.< We have performe(d our1 duty to thei negro, possibly too libei'ally. as ai study of the reports will show. Ther'e are< whites nlow (enjoying the p)ublic( schoo i'( fund. This is a stiningi~ rebuk-c to those who criticize our1 trieainn1en'ft of this unfortu11nate race. Our General 'is-1 semibly has donie all in its powe for ' te p)iotectioni anid eh-'at ion of thle negro. andt whlile Ilynch lawy has in.t t been enitirely stimpe~id out, t r'em:tn s for tile Conmstitultion(al ceinven! tin m proide sulitaleli~ courits for' the speedy trial and punishmient of crimiinails whu ared invar'ialy thle vict ims1 of ti sm-1 nace to civil g'over'm'ent. 1 hnder t he uresenit systeml of trials, it is albso ltly I impiieI to restrinii the ph:.h'' Thzis te parIt o f our pro lc thI li t is fortn best inlter'ests of soeletyV that tu0' Virt un If the brute shiouid be spariied the bo aui hiation of testifyingZ in au erinin d c'otitwherec hrlinih1ed sensi1511 ite < lacerttdby vuIlegar cr1oss-e'xl~lun itl ion required fi-oml thle nlature of the .< and fronm being the cynmosurie of thei e'*es of thle blackguards wh a'un. such trials and( fromi the frrne o a - retyx of mo&derni nlewspaoper's Iinterpri'st. This nmav be ani erron1eo us vww. nut n i has1 gr'.Xvn up with our1 c'ivilizatOin arnd spiigs from that hlighr regard( inl ule 1 :'-ou1th Carin~ian~us ha:vu e-vir held thei ino(clee virtue and( pur11ity of th'ir womien. There is nio differenice inii p rinciple betweeni thle Ilynehier and hm wvho violates anyV other' haw upon( :i ot,. statt boots. The poor wyretch1 ing of commissioners named and ap ponted- by the Legislature or Gover nor. -Police officers are in fact State or public officers and not private or cor porate oflicers and a provision in such a law transferring to such commission ers for the purpose of the new police the use of the police telegraph, station houses, watch boxes, etc.. provided by the city, is valid, since it only takes city property dedicated to a particular use and applies it to the same purposes changing only the agency by which the use is directed, the properiy is still the citv's." Hundreds of cases could be cited going to show that police of ficers are in fact State officers and not municipal, although a particulr.r city or town be taken to pay- them. The office of police was unknown to the criminal law. It is enacted by statute. He as ai officer of the State in which lie exercises his office. Bulk vs. Hard wick, 30th East. 24. The Supreme Court of Connecticut uses this language: "A policeman of a city is a )ublic officer. holding hisoffice as a tru. from the State ana not as a matter ucontract between himself and the citv." Havin& thus shown con clusively that policemen are State oflicers. it remains for you to provide the necessary machinery for compell ing theim to do their duty. It is im possible to enforce any law in the cities peaceably and quietly unless the police are in sympathy with it, and in order to make them so. they must not be de pendent for their appointment upon mayors and aldermen elected by oppo neits of the law. In some of our towns ex-barkeepers are made policemen for the expressed purpose of protecting their former as sociates with whom they are partners in the illicit liquor traffic. If this re commendation for metropolitan police were an innovation, there would be some grounds for objection, but it has been tried successfully in nearly every State in the Union and there isno rea son why it should not be done in our own State. It is no longer a question of expediency, but of absolute neces sity. The pride of the patriotic law maker should be the enactment of such laws as will secure the greatest happi nessto the greatest number of people without regard to the welfare of poli ticians. This is an age of corporations and laws should be passed carefully guard ing the interests of individuals against the encroachments necessarily attend ant upon the growth of artificial per sons and the oppressions of corporate wealth. One of the greatest evils of the day is this desire to incorporate any an'd everything. The merchant who desires to-avoid liability to his credit ors beyondthe capital invested finds an escape in the chartered company. Sel fish neighborhoods desiring to tax the values of farm products, who compete with them find a way in the incorpo rated cros? road. The greatest propor tion of the time our General Assem bly is taken up chartering all r.-ner of wildest schemes and country vil lages and schbol disticts. All of these companies can .4e chartered under general laws and-they should not be allowed to entethe GeneralAssemby. tcs it of ten the State is put to freater expense than is ever real izea from the company. The practice of usury by our bank ing institutions is becomingalarmmg, aid is unjust to both borrower and lender. While our farmers are grow ing poorer from five eents cotton, the banks continue te declare dividends ranging from eight to fifteen per cent. It is a matter of congratulation that our banks withstood the late panic without a failure and we should en courage them, but an honest banker who is satisfied with what the law al lows him has no desire to be compared with the shylock, who, by foulest usu ry, is enabled to make a better show ing of profits. Our legal rate is high enough. only three States in the Un ion having a higher one, and our laws should be amended so as to allow only 7 per' cent, by special contract, and cause the lender who practices usury to forfiet both interest and debt. Un fortunate debtors will aoree to pay any rate of interest in or er to save themselves and to keep the wolf from the door. No agricultural people can live with usurious creditors. From Moses to the present time usury has been forbidden, and Tacitus gives as a reason for the decay of Rome, the eva sion of the interest laws. When us ury lorded among them. Rome dates the beginning of her downfall. It is not only practiced by our bank ers, but among our merchanis and fac tors. It remains for you to protect the borrowers by more .stringent reg ulations, at the same time giving to the honest lender full and ample se curity under the law. Al'most every department of the State overnment having been reformed here is one which has not receiv-ed your attention-the State's prisoners. These unfortunate creatures are comn mitted to our State penitentiary for punishment and not degredation. While. of course. thiere can be no such punishment without degradation. still it is the province of government and of Christianity to rescue the fallen, and if possible to restore them to society. There are 206 prisoners in the p'eniten tiary of the class known as *juvemile oeders." Boys under the age ef 20 years should not be punished along side of men of matured habits, with wicked and abandoned hearts. The result of such treatmient is invariably degredation and ruin of the younger mind, and when discharged from con inement they- re-enter society with dis eased minds and hearis. only to return to prison for the commission of more serious crimes. These young offenders should at least be isolated, furnished with different garbs and given good and wholesome istructionl until our State is able to build reformatories for them. The pract-ce of leasing convicts to private parties is repulsive to our imsti tutions, results in cruelty and should not be allowed by law. Under our new county governienit law it is to be hoped that our convicts will be put upon our public highways and give us that greatest bojn--good roads. I woid suggest that this road law be amended by requiring all convicts sentenced for a period of five veams .or under to be placedl up)on the chain gangs instead of limiting this service to those sentenced. to two years. It is a easy to protect and guard thme one a the other, and a larger force will this be given our road supervisors. It is~ not my desire in this address to review every refcrmn that has suggest d itef to me. I simply call the~se to ~or attention as of grave iniportance. I hall, from time to time, as the Con tittion requires me to do, conunum Iamte with you by special messages. In assulnin g the duties of the office of Gov ernor I cannot expect to Iill it .atl the brillian+ abit which has characterized my predecessor. I am conscious of the heavy responsibilities resting upon me and of my human weaknesses, but I am reassured by knowing myself sufficiently well to enable me to offer my people a heart which beats alone for their happiness. and a hand ever ready to strike for their interest and liberties. I am powerless as an executive without your co-operation and I feel assured that this you will freely give me. Your responsibility is as great as mine and all I ask is that in your delibera tions you shall be goverr.ed by those principles which will cause you to en act such laws as will secure the happi ness of the greatest number of onr people. I now take my commission, thank ing the people for the confidence re posed in me. In doing so. I pray that the God of nations will be withI me and sustain me, and when I shall have returned my commission to those who gave it to ie, may it be as pure and spotless as when I received it. If I can then sav-Behold a happy peo ple in peace. fove and unity-my re ward wiE indeed be great and suffici ent. Asking the support of my friends, the charity of my enemies, and the help of God. I now dedicate my head. my hand and my heart to the service of mv State. When Mr. Evans ceased speaking and took his seat great appleause ana cheering came from the floor of the House. Then the band played "Dixie" and every one cheered. Several bou quets wcre carried up to Governor Evans. Mr. Harrison stepped to the eleva tion and made the same announce ment as to the Lieutenant Governor. Slowly Dr. Timmerman rose and just as soo'n as he arose a titter began. In a fer moments it was a chuckle and then a subdued laugh. It was the campaign experience over again. It was wiat carried Dr. Timmerman through, and he was neither surprised nor pained. The Doctor was attired in a long wine-colored Prince Albert. His thin hand grasped the Bible and he took the oath, making his response in rather a husky voice. He gave the Bible a good kiss and then slipped to the elevation and had a few words to say, thanking the members for the high honor they had conferred upon him, and asking them to bear his thanks and expressions of appreciation to their contituents. He promised to do all in his power to discharge the duties of his office to the best of his ability, and would do all he could to aid the chief executive in upholding the pride of his State. Dr. Timmerman, as the presiding officer of the Senate then declared the joint assembly dissolved. As ex-Governor Tillutan anL Gover nor Evans came down, the latter aav ing a handsome bouquet in his haid, many admirers shook their hands. As they were going out. the band played "Over the Waves." Thus the ship of State started on another voy age. Governor Evans went to the execu tive chamber, where many crowded to pay their respects. About 2 o'clock all had gone. Governor Evans' very first official act was to appoint Chief Liquor Constable M. T. Holley of Aiken a notary public. His next was to sigrn the commission of D. H. Tompins as Secretary of State. This was the official work of the first day. Last night an impromptu reception was tendered the Governor at the ex ecutive mansion by ex-Governor Till man. ADDRESS TO DEMOCRATS. Non-Partisan Constitutional Conventionl Advocated Its Importance set Forth. To the Democratic Voters of South Carolina: In the progress of the e form move ment we have reached a critical p eri od in the history of the State. All of the essential demands of that move ment may properly be regarded as ac complished facts, and having been ac cepted by the people should no longem be a cause of irritation and disse-ision. The constitutional convention alone remains to be acted upon by the peo ple, and it is unfortunate that they are in such a state of mind a-s to pre vent many of them from seeing the situation from an impartial and non partisan stanapoint. As it is useless to discuss the cause or causes which: led to this state of affairs we will look~ only to the future and leave the dead past to bury its dead. Every intelligent mind which is ca p able of realiz'ing the good that can be accomp lished, and thie great ham that may be done to our State and people 'by a sovereign body likea constitutional convention: every one who sees and feels the necessity an( importance of securing the unity o our people andl white supremacy by well regulated suff'rage, without dis franchising a white voter: every pa triotic citizen who is aware of the ill: and evils afflicting and threatening the body politic, whether of a social, political. financial or industrial char acter, will readily admit that some thing ought to be done to correct the evils briefly alluded to and to secure the good so> easily within our reach. Therefore. we. the undersigned Rei formers, having only these ends in view, and desiring nothing but the~ unity and harmony of our people, the highest and best interests of our State, the progress and dIevelopment of he: social, industrial and political inter ests, do hereby call upon all of om: Democratic :-itizens who sympathize with these views and are willing tc abide the results of the Reform move mnt to earnestly consider the import ance of a non-partisan convention, composed of the wisest and best imen of both factions, and to take such ac tion as is deemed best to secure it. (Signed:) J1. Townes Robert-son, A. C, Fuller, D. K. Norris. .J. E. Petti grew. Thos. J. Kirkland. T. P. Mitch el, J1. E. Tindal, L. M. Riagini. W. C. Davis, J. W. Keiinedy, T. S. Price. John R. Harrison. B. F. Miller. J. M. Rough. J1. T. Douglhss. C. Ri. 1). Burns, John T. Branilett. ,J. E. Ellerbe. John G. Williams. J. B. Saddath, P. B. Waters. J. W. Ashley. J. M. Whit mire. J. F. Lay, S. Y. Striblino, Ze rai Hanmett.~ C. R. Wallace, YL. P. Goodwin. A. T. Newell, John B. Lev erttt. T. B. Stackhouse, W. B. Love, Gopfrev B. Fowler. J. T. Duncan, W. W. Sm'ith. B- M. Shuman. J. D. Sul livan. L. M. Wilson. J. R. Earle. D. E. Finley. P'ooioed her Chiidren. GALvEsTON, Tex.. Dec. 6.-Mrs. Louis Alberfa, wife of a well known butcher, was arrested yesterday at the instance of her relatives on the chmarge of insanity. Her arrest is the result of the poisoning of her five children by her hand. Four of the children are dead. The fifth, a girl of 16 years. ELECTIONS 8Y THE LEGISLATURE. Col. Josep1h H. Earle Is Made a Circuit Judge. COLUMBIA. S. C., Dec. 5.--Elections were held in the general assembly today for superintendent of the pem tentiary, three directors of the peni tentiary and two judges, the third and eighth circuits. The main interest was in the elec tion for judge of the eighth circuit. For superintendenL of the peniten tiarv W. A. Neal was nominated by J. c B. Watson. He received the whole s number of votes cast, 157. J. W. Lyles. of Fairfield, J. C. Ashe. of York. S. J. Cunningham. of Chester. J. 1. Sprott, of Clarendon, t John Staubs. of Aiken. and J. C. Al- J exander. of Oconee were nominated a for directors. The vote was. Cunning- t ham 130. Lyles 108. Sprott 89. Ashe 8:3. Alexander 31. Staubs 3o. Cunning ham, Lvles and Sprott were elected. C For judge of the Third circuit Judge }"razier was no nzated by Seia-t tor Moses and Attorney General Bu chanan by Senator Byrd. The result. was Buchanan 125. Frazier 29. Bu- I chanan will resign as attorney gener- ii al tom.orrow. Tie candidates for at torney general to succeed him are As sistant Attorney General Barber, So licitor Bellinger and ex-Judge C. P. Townsend. There was much excitement over the election of a judge of the Eighth cir ciit. John E. Breazeale was nonuina- t< ted by J. B. Watson. Joseph H. Earle by 1. B. McSweeny. of Hampton. Judge Norton by Senator Wats0n. of e Edgefield. Rreazeale s and }arle s nominations were numerously second ed. On the first ballot the vote was Earle 78, Breazeale 53. Norton 27. - Necessary to a choce 80. On the see ond ballot it was Earle 100, Breazeale d 49. Norton 8. The conservatives di- a vided on Earie and Norton. The Sum- i ter and Richland members voted for Earle. a Very little general legislation is going on. Manning, of Sumter, has e introduced the same measure he urged y last year, the Australian ballot system. Mower has introduced the same bill in the senate. A bill to limit the profits r of the dispensary sales is to be intro duced. The liniit is to be fixed at 25 per cent. by the State dispensary to t county dispensaries and 25 per cent. by the latter to consumers. Another , important bill will come up. It is to t forbid the sale of drugs and medicines r by any except licensed druggists. MORE ELECTIONS. CoLUMBIA, S. C., Dec. 0-in the House Mr. Patton. at 12:45 o'clock, c offered a c6ncurrent resolution provid ing for a joint session of the two bodies at 1:30 o'clock for the purpose of elect ing a successor to Hon. 0. W. Bucha- N nan, as Attorney General; for three Trustees for the South Carolina College and one Trustee . of Clemson College. The resolution was adopted by the House. sent to the senate, and at once adopted i by that body. except that the hour was fixed at 2 o'clock. The jont session of the two bodies convened, according to the resolution, at 2 o'clck, Lieutengnt. Go'eror Timmerman presiding. Nominations for Attorney General being first in order. Mr. Gaston of Aiken nominated Solictor G. Duncan Bellinoer of Barnwell. This was duly seconfed. 'Mr. Duncan of Newberry nominated Assistant Attorney General Barber of Chester, for promotion. This was seconded on all sides. Tellers were appointed on the part of the Sen ate and House, and the election re resulted as follows: Barber 99, Bell iner 56. 1 The nominees for three trustees of the South Carolina College were: Ira B. Jones, J. William Stokes and D. E. Finley. incumbents; M. B. McSweeney of Harnpton, and S. G. 3Mayfield, of Barnwell. Mr. McSweeney attempted to decline the nomination, but his friends made him sit down. Senatoi Mayfield withdrew in favor of Mr. Mc Sweener. leaving four men, in the race. The ballot was taken viva voce. as for Attorn-ey General, and resulted as follows: Jones, 13S- Stokes, 94: Finley, 94: McSweeney, 101. Before the vote was announced there were changes from Finley to Stokes and vice versa, the race for third place between them being close. As it was a tie, however, a second race between Stokes and Finley was called for. Be fore the voting began the Orangebui-g delegation withdrew the name of Stokes and left Finley the only man in the race. 1 inley was elected. For Trustee of Clemson College thei-e were two nominations-Gen. WV. H. Elerie. of Marion. and _Hon. J1. T. Duncan. of Newherry. Thie vote was as follows: Elle rbe. 75: Duncan. 37. The t w~ o houses adjm u-ned inxmydi atelv aftei- the dissolution of the .joint session. which was after- 4 o'clock. Refused a Gift ofiO300 Nrnv 10RK, Dec. 5.-A dispgatch to~ the Evening Post from Raleign. N. C., says: Washington Duke of thec Amein-ian Tobacco Company. and -President of the Duke Cigarette W orks at Durham, sent 83o to the North Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, which has been in session at Statcsville. N. C.. for a week piast, towards defraying the expenses of thme conf~erence. The Rev. Mi. WVare of iReidsville. and some other members of the conference, pro tested against the acceptance of the gift of which they ter-med "ti-us! money." anid at a imeeting of the board of steards of his church. Mr. \\ are s acton was appiroved. tis c lnned that the- truist having' the only. buyer -on the tobacco mar-kets w'ho buys. cut tei-s used in tile manufactuire of eiga -etts. the price of that gr-ade of tooac(co has been forced down so low tha~t it s imipoverishing the farmers who grow it. ____________ Desperate Murderer.I NEwuMN Ga.. Dec. 3.-About nid night Satur-day- a Neg-o namedi -J .seph Ban wvent to the house of Abe Leigh. a farmer, t welve miles fronm her-e and1 told him one of his croppers was vei-y sick and wanted medicine. Leigh went with the negro. Half an hour ater Bean returned anid asked for Mr-. or Mrs. Leigh. The woimn susp~etc-d something was wr-ong and heri suspie ions were cor~tirmecd byv Bean aisplay*~ ng a revolver. (muick, as :i lpsh M illie Leigh 2riabbe'dhIr frathlri shnot gun and ordered thme nieLro out1 Leanl ired but miisse'd. ::ili. inred hut dthe u~ failed. Tfhe negro i-.n out l I ol~ to a window- uetu Na' "' ' fired at himu amnd hue a: n at her. T wo hours lar-r the body of ine father was found. hisskull crushe~d and his body 1i sabied in nine plaVes. A search is~ I being made for the negro. who escap ed and is~ suippossedf to have gonie down the C'hattahoehee Riv-er mia t ot.i sen suposed he had an accomi- II SENSATIONAL CHARGES. /ADE BY B. F. PERRY AGAINST EX GOV. TILLMAN. n a Letter to Representative Josh Ashley, Which Has Reen Printed and is Being Circulated Among the Members. COLUMBIA, S. C.. Dec. .-Last tight a considerable sensation was aused by the circulation of a printed heet among the members of the State ,egislature. Along with other matter rinted thereon, was the copy of a let er written to Representative Josh ushley, which is reproduced just as it ppeared on the pamphlet. Here it is speak for itself: Washington. D. C., Dec. 1, 1894. Dear Josh: I suppose you all are in .olumbia trying to do. something to atch up Tillman's foolishness, and get hings straight again in South Caro ina. The first step you ought to take to break up the corrupt ring which as grown up in the Reform party. It 5 composed of Irby. Tillman and Ev ns, and their henchmen in the differ it counties. You remember when -ou and I, and the great body of far ers. went into the Reform movement :ur years ago, Tillman came forward s the leader, and made a great fuss bout the "Old Ring," etc. We went > work and broke up that ring, and ow he has built up a worse one. .The Id ring was at least honest. The pres nt or new ring is dishonest and cor upt. and has brought disgrace on our lovement. You remember also, Tillman made Teat pronises about reducing taxa ion, the salaries of officers, cutting own expenses, giving equal rights to 11, special privileges to none. He rode ato o'ice on these promises, and asn't carried out one of them. Taxes re higher than when he came into of cc, because the assessed value of prop rty has been increased by fifteen mil ions of dollars. and this falls with special hardship on the farmers. axes going up and everythino they aake going down. Tillman too care hat salaries should not be reduced rhile he was in office drawing his, and hey have not been. The expenses of he government are higher now than rhen he went into office, and all in he name of Reform. The "equal ights to all and special privileges to Lone" dodge, has resulted in about hree families, the Tillmans, Garys and 'vans' holding all the most important 'fices in the State, and if these farni ies are not provided for, I suppose tew offices will be created to give the ther memberi places. I saw two -ears ago they were using the move aent to get into office themselves at ny and eve-y cost, and were bring rg discredit and disgrace upon us. o I warned a good many fellow-Re ormers of what was ha ning, and has resulted as I thougt The diensary is a frau and has een u by the ring as a political orrupt machine. Tillman denied at nion, during the canvass that hehad .1-er received the rebate of 7 -vets a allon on the whiskey he bought fra hie whiskey trust. I am creditably in ormed tha't he did receive that rebate Lnd a check was sent to him for the mount, and he returned the check nd asked them to send the money in urrency by express; that the money vas sent, and received by Tillman, Lmounting to many thousand dollars, hat ought to have g'one to the credit >f the taxpayers. Furthermore, I am nformed that the railroad company hat trarasported the liquor, paid Tial nan a rebate on the freig~ht. He has ised thi~s dispensary to cheat the tax >ayers and to enrich himself, and'the onstables and spies as political work ~rs and strikers. It is a dangerous po- - itical machine and ought to be brok ~n up. A friend, just from home, in orms inc there is more liquor sold in outh Carolina now than ever before, nud yet they claim the dispensary has iminished liquor drinkino Iunder tand Irby has stated that f'illmnan got good slice out of that PortRoa aw-suit, and that is the reasonwh [illman is afraid of Irby. There is no doubt that Tillman and rohn Gary Evans got a good slice out >f the hundred andeighteen thousand lollars given to Rhind in funding the tatc deb~t. Why don't you demand a :ommittee to investigate~ these things? ['he people ought to know the truth, md if they are not true, Tillman, Ev mns and Irby ought to have the bene it of it. Call for a committee. I understand~ iTiia has lately paid his brothei, George. $14.000 back ra ions and has invested $6',000 in facto ~v stock. Where did he met this mon v? He has never malie anything rmntng. His salary has been about nuouglito supp~ort his family in Co 'mbia. Where did he get the money b uy that plantation in Edgefield at 9:7.50 per acre? There is something 'otten, and you ought to investigate hese rascalities. Write me and give me the news. I am getting aloug pretty well here, but e~xpect to return to South Carolina in the spring. Your friend, (Signed.) B. F. PERRY. Hion. Josh. W. Ashley. Columbia, S.C. You may publish the above, if you wish. '-lrdered his Father-in-Law. LEXINoToN. Ga.. Dec. 7.-John Saxoni was convicted here today of the nurder of his father-in-law, J. N. Dil tard, on the -?5th of January last, and ~eommnended to the mercv of the :')urt. Thme murder was a diabolical me,. an~d created a great sensation at :e time. Dillard was a man of means and position, and has a large family. T'he jurmy at thme coroner's inquest :harg'ed iBaxon with murder, and also ~ound that Mrs. Patience 0. Dillard, T. N. lDillard. Jr.. wife and son of the lecease.d. where atccessory to the crime. lThe. granttd jtury dischlarged the alleged 1ecessor)ties. however TXI [he trial de veloned that Saxon' had killed the old nan' with a vi ew to faliling heiir to a share'i of his pr oper t. war~in.11 to the Defeated. W~vamIN. Dec.0 .Thme Repub t,.)nWongessional comumittee has on ot ai signiticant letter in regard o o C('testtd sea7tts in thme next Congress. ere are upwards of thirty districts vhrin efeated Republi~cans have edicatd their intention to filing con ests. The committee has addressed to -ch of these contestants a statement titf~ ing him that lie must not place myrlia 1.neem on the large Repuiblican najority in the next Congress, but nust rest his prospects for success on he merits of the claims he advances. :robable contestants ai'e advised not o file their papers unless able to rein orce them with testimony of the most mimpebable character.