VOL. IX. MANNING, SC, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2
IT 1S A GREAT VICL0RY.
THE STATE WINS IN THE RAILROAD
CASES.
Judge Simontoa's Strong Decision Against
the Rilreads-They Must Pay The!r
Taxes and the Cost-Gov. Tillman Thin ki
It Will End the flabt.
COLrBrA, March 15.-The State of
South Carolina and the present admin
istration have gained a big and decisive
victory in the fight with the railroads
for the payment of taxes as assessed by
the State Board of Equalization. Judge
SimontoD, in a decision rendered at
Charleston on Tuesday, the most im
portant portions of which are published
ordered that the South Carolina Road
pay what is due the State and the costs
of the proceedings. It is conceded that
this decision is practically one against
all the roads which have been resisting
the payment, and the State government 1
now looks for the railroads to begin to
settle without further fighting. It is not
thought that any appeal will be taken
to the Supreme Court of the United
States.
It is not necessary to review the pro
tracted fight which has been in pro- 1
gress between the State and the rail
roads for over two years. It began, 1
however, by the State Board of Equali
zation taking tMe position that the
railroads were not paying taxes in pro
portion to the amount paid by the av
erage citizen. The returns which the
roads had made wereincreased to what
was adjudged to be about 60 per cent.
of the value of the property. It will be
zemembered that the roads refused to
pay except on the returns which they 1
had made and which they claimed were
fair and equitable. A long fight in the 1
courts resulted, but the Inatter has nev
er before come up squarely on Its mer
its. Heretofore ah the cases have been
on technicalities, and the State has not
been wholly successful in these fights.
These cases were immaterial to the
main issue, onwhich the administration
was confident of winning.
Judge Simonton's decision is a thor
ough knockout and the roads cannot
fall to see it in that light. Governor
Tillman was in a good humor when the
reporters saw him yesteraay and asked
him about the decisionof Judge Simon
ton. "I regard the decision," he said,
"as the conclusion of all the railroad
litigation. The- case which has been
decided was a test case. and we have
won. I have felt confident all the time
that we would win."
When asked asto whether he thought
there would be an appeal, he said he
did not thnk so, at least in the case of
the South Carolina Road. Judge Sim
onton, he concluded, is the boss of that
road and consequently the boss of Re
ceiver Chamberlain, who is a creature
of Judge Simonton s court. Whatever
Judge Simonton orders must be done. 1
The other roads, whicir the decision in
directly affects, inasmuch as the decis
ion in regard to them will be the same
as the South Carolina Road, may take
an appeal to the Supreme Court.
Governor Tillman, however, thinks
that all the roads will pay what they
oweat once, and avoid any proceedings t
which might be taken to forfeit their
charters, the ladt Legislature having
passed an Act authorizing the forfeit
ure of the charters of the roads which
resist the payment of taxes imposed on
them by the State.
The total amount due the State by t
the roads is about $200,000. This
amount is the difference between what
the State has all along claimed was due
and the amount which the roads havet
admitted was due. The roads have ev
ery year paid the amount they admit-t
ted tobe due.
State Treasurer Bates will not have
to borrow money for some time to meet
the claims agairnst the State.
The title of the case decidel by Judge
Simonton was D. H. Chamberiain, re
ceiver of the Sout~h Carolina Railway
Company, against George H. Waiter,1
County Treasurer of Charleston, and
Hugh Ferguson, Sheriff ef the same
county.
The complaint sets forth that th..
road had been returned at $13000 per
mile and that the State Board raised
this to $16,000 per mile, also raising the
returns of the Tbree C's Road from
$5,000 to $10,000 per mile. The bill al
leges that this assessment is unjust, in
asmuch as it is above the assessment
made on the average real and personal
property throughout the State, and I
that the State Board of Equalization 1
violated the Constitution of the State'
which provides that all property shall
be taxed in proportion to Its value. The
bill farther charges that the act of the
board In raising the assessment is it
self null and void, and the assessment
Is illegal because this Is not within the1
powers of the board.I
The attorneys for the railroad were
Brawley & Barnwell and Mitchell &
Smith, and for the State Attorney Gen-'I
eral Buchanan, Ira B. Jones and Sam
nel Lord.1
Judge Simonton's decision is as fol
lows:
It is well at the threshold to define
the limit of the power of this court
over the subject matter of this suit. it 1
cannot review the assessment made by
the State officials simply upon thei
ground that it is excessive. (Starling 1
vs. the Supervisors. 121 U. S.. 519. Nor 1
can It make a new assessment or direct<
another to be made. (State Railroad
Tax Cases, 92 U. 5, 615.) Nor can it 1
interfere upon the ground that the tax
is illegal. (Williams vs. Albany Co.,
122 U. S..,154; Legon vs. Alley, 130 U. S 1
1717.) Nor can it interfere because the <
court would prefer and would have I
adopted adifferenit systero. (W. U. Tel.
Co. vs. Massachusetts, 125 U. S., 553;<
Davenport National Bank vs. Super- 1
visors, 123 U. S., 83.) "So long as a
State, by its laws prescribing the mode i
and subject of taxation, does not in
-trench upon the legitimate authority
of the Union or violate any right re- 1
cognized or secured by the Constitu
tion of the United States the Federal
Courts, as between the State and the
citizen,.can afford the latter no relief
against State taxation however un just,
oppressive or onerous it may tie. 1
(Kirkland vs. Hotchkiss, 100 U. S, 491; 1
Memphis Gas Light 210. vs. Shelby Co., <
109U.S.,308.) All these are questions i
for the State alone and are within it s]
police power. But when the overval
uation of property assessed for taxa- 1
tion has arisen from the adoption of a1
rule of appraisemeist which coatlicts
with a constitutional or statutory di
rectien, and operates unequally, not
merely on a single individuaz, !,ut on a
large class of individuals or corpora
tions the courts can give redress to the
party aggrieved thereby. (Star Iey vs.
SupervIsors, 121 U. 5-. 551) It is put
clearly and tersely in Cummings vs.
National Bank, 101 U. S., 187: "'When
a rule or system of valuation is adopt
ed by those whose duty it is to mane
the assessment which is designed to
operate unequally and to violate a fuan
damental principle of the Constitution
and when this rule is applied not solely
to one individual, but to a large clas
of individuals or corporations."
We see that there is an essential in
gredient. Those whose duty it is to
make the assessment must adopt a rule
or system of valuation with the design
that It sall operate equally and vio
ate some fundamental principle of the
,onstitution.
Wnat is the rule or system of taxa
ion adopted by the Board of Equaliza
;ion for railroads? The General As
sembly of South Carola are instruct
!d b the Constitution to prescribe
such regulations as will secure a just
raluation for taxation of all property
inder a uniform and equal rate of as
:essment and taxation. (Article 9,
5ection 1.) The Act passed pursuant
hereto provides that "All property
hall be valued for taxation at i's true
ralue in money, which in all cases not
)therwise especially provided for by
aw shall be as follows, to wit: For
yersonal property, the usual selling
,rice on the usual terms of similar
?roperty at administrator's or execa
.or's sales at the place where the return
s made, and for real property the
isual selling price on the usual terms
>f similar property at sales for parti
ion under the order of court at the
)lace where the return is made. If
here be no selling price then what is
ionestly believed could be obtained for
he same at a fair sale under the con
litions before mentioned ?" (General
tatutes of South Carolina, Section
:19.) Apart from the consideration
hat even if the assessment fixed by
his board on the property of complain
Lt is excessive this court cannot in
erfere. (Stanley vs. the Supervisors,
upra.) There is no reason to think
hat the board do not in the language
>f the Act "honestly believe that the
alue fixed by them on this property is
ts selling price at a fair sale." Indeed
his last conclusion is not denied. The
omplainant avers that the property
vas returned by him at 60 or 65 per
ent. of its real value in his estimation.
Ind we can presume that when it was
aised by the board they acted uDder
he statute. The ground for complaint
s that by uniform and notorious prac
ice other real and personal property Is
assessed for taxation at about 50 to 60
er cent. of its value notwithstanding
he Act of Assembly, and that this ac
ion of the Board of Equalization for
-ailroads, departing from this practice
n the case of railroad property was
ith the design, intent and purpose of
>tting the burden of tax alone on
ailroads and not in order to carry out
he provision of the Act of Assembly.
Evidence of this design is deduced
rom the course pursued with regard
ootner property in the State, and the
>ractice prevailing of assessing such
>operty below its real value in money,
practice well known to this board
md departed from by them in assess
ng the property of railroads.
In South Carolina the general mode
f assessing property for taxation is as
ollows: Each county in the State is
livided into tax districts, small territo
ial sub-divisions, for the sake of con
rentence. The Couxty Auditor ap
*oints for each tax district three free
olders resident therein as a board of
assessors. They meet, organize, elect
chairman and proceed to assess for
axation all the real and personal prop
rty in their tax district. This assess
nent is sent to the County Auditor, by
vhom it is submitted to the County
3oard of Equalization, which consists
Lf all the chairmen of the tax district
>oards.' This county board meets at
he office of the Auditor and examines
he returns of all the tax district
oards. If any property, real or per
onal, has been returned below its true
'alue they raise the assessment. If
bove such value they decrease it.
'hey cannot reduce the aggregate be
ow the aggregate of all the returns of
he tax district boards. The chairmen
f the county boards constitute the
tate Board of Equalization. It in
urn reviews the action of a]l the coun
y boards. It has the same power as
o Increasing er diminishing values
hat the county boards have. The
Luditors of the counties act as clerks
f the county boarus, and the Coropt
oler General attends upon the State
ioard.
With regard to rail:.md property an
tirely different method prevails. The
iresident and secretary of each com
any is required annually to make re
urns to the Comptroller General of
he railroad property and its value.
hese returns are submitted by the
3mptroller General for consideration
and action to a board consisting of
tate officers, the Attorney Generai,the
3mptroller General, the Secretary of
tate and the State Treasurer. Their
lutes are to "equalize the value of the
property of railroad companies by In
reasing the value of the roads and
>roperty of such company as shall in
heir judgment have been returned at
0o low a~ valuation and diminishing
he value of such as may have been re
urned at too high a valuation." Gen
ral Statutes, Section 186. The term
tere used is "equalize." But as there
s no aggregate to be maintained as in
he case of county taxes, this word
nust be used with reference to the Ian
page of the Constitution anti must be
onstrued to mean to secure equality.
This board is entirely distinct in per
onnel and other wise from the other
oards above referred to.
A mass of testimony has been taken
Ld has been fied with the record with
espect to the mode anid practice of as
essent by the tax district ana coun
.y boards. it would consume too
nch time to go into this detail. The
'esult shows that for a long period of
ine, up to recent date, and perhaps up
o this time, tbe pro-visions of the Act
>f Assembly have not been regarded
md real and personai property have
>een assessed for taxation below the
-eal value in money. But nowhere does
t appear in the testimony that this is
he result of preconcert, connivance or
onspiracy between and among the
oards, such as appears in Cummings
r. National Bank, supra. There is ev
lence of coincidence in opinion and ac
ion ot concurrence in methods and in
~eneral result, but none whatever, that
s or direct evidence, of preconcert In
Lction. Such concert of action may
ossibly be inferred from similarity in
he result, but the evidence sho ws that
lthough the boards all assessed real
md personal property below its real
alue in money the course of the sev
ral boards was capricious, without
ixed method or percentage. Although
he average of valuation was below
he value in money in all the counties
oncerning which testimony was offer.
'd, in some of the counties parcels of
and were assessed some above and
ome below their true value in money,
~otably in Rictiland County. Buat is
his coincidence of actijn and result
m the part of tax district and county
'soarus conclusive evidence of design to
put the burden of taxation on rail
:oad companies? Is it susceptible of
)ther explanation? it would seem that
it is the result of a vice in the system
>f assessment. The tax district boards
make the first assessment. By law they
must be freeholders resident in the tax
listrict. They have a direct personal in
erest in a lowv assessment,and their en
vironment induces them to make it.
When men deai with the interest of
the government and of the citizen all
loubt are solved in ravor of the citi
ten. This must be said, however, in
explanation and perhaps in justiiica
tion of the action of these boards. In
an agricultural community, and in
one dependent upon the well being of
the agriculturists, it is impossible to
fix the value of lands. A succession of
ba c-mp wil maea land unsalable.
One good crop will create a Wemand
and a selling price. S: what land may
bring if sold depends nOL on its intrin
sic value so much as on the circuin
stances under whic- it is sold. Taxes
must be paid without regard to sea
sons or crops. Hence the average val
uation designated to cover a period of
five years. If there be no preponder
ance of evidence showing design on
the part of the tax district ind county
assessors to throw the burden on the
railroads, is there any evidence from
which such design can be inferred on
the part of thi- board of (qualization
for railroads? The Com ptroller Gcr
eral, one of this board and from his of
ficial duties and experience the leading
member of the board,. probably deduct
log and controlling its action in his
official report to the Legislature in
1891, calls the attention of that body to
the low rate of assessment of much of
the property in the State and urges
legislation to correct the evil. And
when we consider the independent
action of this board under a statute
imperatively requiring them in mak
ing assessment to take as a standard
the true value of the property in mon
ey, and also consider the admission of
the bill, that the return was about 65
per cent. of the real value, $13,000 per
mile, and that the increase to 316,000,
making it about 80 per cent., we can
not hold that this increase in assess
ment is so excessive and unjust as nec
essarily to indiaate the design and mo
tive charged.
Another objection to the action of
the board of equalization for railroads
is that notwithstanding the fact that
a large part of the property of railroad
companies is land, they are assessed
annually. The State Constitution
directs that lands shall be assessed
every five years, and this practice is ob
served with respect to all lands except
those of railroad companies. This in
dicates design to oppress railroad com
panies, and at all events violates the
fourteenth amendment. The Constitu
tion of South Carolina (Article 9, Sec
tion 1,) directs the General Assembly
to -provlde by law for a uniform and
equal rate of assesment and taxation."
It gives the General Assembly full dis
cretion "to prescrlbe such regulations
as shall secure a just valuation for tax
ation of all property." The General
Assembly obeyed the direction by re
quireing all properity to be assessed at
its true value in money. Exercising
its discretion it prescibe a set of regula
tions, which, in its judgement, secured
a just valuation of railread property
for taxation. A railroad is a unit, every
part contributing to its purposes as a
whole. If it be a corporation its cor
porate purpose is the maintaining a
railroad and all and every part of this
property must contribute to this pur
pose. Its right of eminent domain is
limited to this purpose. This unit is
made up of lands, personal property,
choses in action, easements, all depend
ent upon and inseparable from each
other, deviding their value irom this
inseparability, from the fact that they
contribute to this unit. They differ
from every other species of property,
and the discrimination made as be
tween them and other c~rporations and
individuals in the mothods and instru
mentality by which the value of their
property is ascertained is not invalid.
(Kentucky Railr.oad Tax Cases, 115 17
S., 337; State Railroad Tax, Cases, 92
U S., 611.) The mode prescribed by
the Legislature of this State is to get
at the value of the plant, that is of all
these elements going to make up the
railroad, and to ascartain what their
combined contributions making up
this unit are worth. If they separated
the component parts and at.empted to
fix separate values upon them they
would enter into an impossible task.
Tle value ef the lands of a railroad de
pend much on the character, and 'com-1
pleteness of its rolling stock. The util
ity and consequent value of the rolling
stock depend largely upon the facilities
at stations and at termini, tbe amount
location and character of the land used
therefor.
After careful consideration there ap
pears no evidence of such a design as
will alone give this court jurisdiction.
Let an order be taken authorizing
and instructing the receiver of South
Carolina Railway Comnpany to pay
from the funds in his bands as such
received the remainder of the tax un
paid and the costs of these proceedin gs
CAHRI'LES H. SIMONTON,
March 13, 1894. Circuit Judge.
The Murderers Seen.
COMBsIA, S. C., March 12.-The
thread of circumstances woven around
Andrews, Weeks and McCloud as the
murderers of Mr.Gayden grow thicker.
T wo gentlemen who arrived from Eas
tover this afternoon report that the
three men were seen at the mouth of
the Wateree river this morning paddle
ing down it in a boat. They were pul
ling for all they were worth. A gov
ernment snag boat is at the mouth of
the river, and the people employed on
it had not yet heard of the murder.
They met one of a party searching for
the murderers,who asked hadthey seen
three men passing that way. The re
ply was that three men had been seen
in a boat, and the description of them
tallied exactly with that of Andrews
Weeks and McCloud. As sorm as pos
sible word was sent to lEastover, and
the searching parties mapped out a
line of procedure. Mr. Frank Weston,
Mr. Crousee and three or four others
immediately went to Sainte~r, where
they were to take the Charleston,
Sumter and Northern for Vance's near
the Santee bridge, for the purpose of
overtaking tbem. Another party com
posed of twelve or fifteen men went on
horseback on either side of the river,
and were to ride down and make a
thorough search all along the breks
and surrounding country.
That these three suspecte-d men
should thus be seen together seems to
be almost positive proof that tney are
the parties wanted. The cbances for
their capture appeared good, ais It is
hardly possible that they can escape
the posse on both sides of the river
and that at the bridge. Unless some
thing unforeseen happens, John Gaty
de's muroerers will be captured today
or this week, at the outside. When
they are, it is a questionJ whether they
wilt be brought Oecek to Wedgetild. It
is believed that whatever caught the-y
will be hung or shot on the spot. The
character of the crowd precludes any
such action. They will weigh the tes
stimony and act accordingly.
Joined Hi b Yteti.
WASHINOTON, Maich 15.-Franels
EdwIn Browtell, who was a privaite in
Ellworh's Fire Zmuives of Na. York,
and who killed C21. Jackson, the pro
prietor ot the Marshall House in Alex
andria, af~er Jackson had shot and killed
Col. Eilsworth, who hanled down the
Conederate ilag which was iloatiniz over
the Mashiall House th;e day af.er the
ordance oi secasrion passed- did here
this morningz.
Dranuk Agae.'
ROANOKE, YA, March 15 .--Col.
John Hlampt m Hogte, late coosul to
Amoy, China, but who got no furter
than San Franect~o, from hi place he
was recalled by P'residenlt Cleveland,
has renounced his allegiance to the
~emocratic party. nnd appeared be f~re
the Republican city committee last night
-an tender.d his smee to that narty.
TELLE SKINS SIERM
THE OHIO SENATOR ACCUSED C
TEi. LING UNTRUTHS.
rho Cou,%rado Senator Pitches Into il
Leader of the Goldbugs'and Dreeses H1
Down NeatTy and Thoroughly--Bla
t -11 Will be PAssed To-day.
WASKINGTON, March 14 -Ater tI
routine moruing business, the Senate
12:30 resumed consideration of tl
Bland bill.
Do'iph (Rep.) of Oregon stated that
Dbjection had been withdrawn to tl
orinting of the exLracts which he had r
Frred to in his speech yesterday, I
would considerithat speech as ended.
Then Teller (Rep.) of Colorado a(
dressed the Senate in support of the bi]
He denied the assumptioa of Sherms
and of other Senators who had argue
a,:ainst t',e bill, that the Act of 18!
left the coinare of silver to the diser
Lion of the Secretary of the Treasur
and he declared that the Act was maud
ory and that under it the Secreta
hould coin as many silver dollars as I
bad issued Treisury notes. If $155
00,000 of Treasury notes had been i
ued, then 155,000,000 of silver dolla
hould be coined for the redemption
th- Treasury notes. He .claimed tb
the diference between the purchai
pric! of the silver bullio-2 and its mb
value should be put into money and us
f:r current expenses-because the A
eclared that the seigniorage should 1
urned into the Treasury. and be also a
.ued that the proper execution of ti
law required that there should be f(
every dollar of Treasury notes a silv(
loliar lying in the Treasury ready to 1
paid out to the %nan who demanded it
xchange for Treasury notes.
There were one or two other poin
in Sherman's speech which he desired
:ontradict. Oe of them was the stat
ment that there was a board of 364,00(
00 of silver dollars lying idle in tL
reasury. "There is no hoard of thi
kind in the Treasury." Teller asserte
with empahsis.
"The statement is an unLruth. She
au spoKe of it as an idle hoard. The
s no idle money in the Treasury of tI
United States. There has been no id
ilver money in the Treasury, excel
that which lies behind the Treasui
2tes, to the extent of $35,000.000. Ti
tatement made here by a member(
he Committee on Finance (Mr. She
an) and sent broadcast to the wor
.hat we have'a board of $364,000,000 (
die silver money in the Treasury is al
orthl! a place in this Senate. It
bsolutely untrue, and is known to t
atrue by every member of this bod:
And yet that is the kind of food that
ed ta the people by those who put th
:ountry on the gold standard; and wb
re not satisfied wiih baving destroye
.he industries of the country, but a
iow attempting'to di.grace as as Sent
;ors by showing that-we are supportin
tbill infamous in its character, and b
:nisrepresenting the facts to the peop
>f tbc world. This debate has bee
nost untair, as debate has.always beet
)n the patt of the men whoadvocate tb
old standard. It has been unfair i
iany respects. It is unfair, or else
acks in intelligence; and frequently it
irifar and lacks in intelliaence als<
Every dollar of silver money that hi
een coined is doing money duty and i
loing it with infinitely more potetc
Ln power than any told money that.
a circulatien in the United States.
ore untair and untruthful statemer
cu'a not have been made."
Teller said that he would not considi
t a very great d~saster ii tne counts
vore on a silver basis. It was on a go]
yasis now and the condition of the cout
y was not a happy onie and it was
otorious fact that countries which use
lver as s andard money only were
etter condition than the United Stati
vas in. This was the only countryi
,he world. Teller said, whose legisli
ors depreciated its money, Why was
bat F'rance could dloat eight or nine but
Ired millions of silver mone)? It wt
~ecause .no Frenchman ever dared 1
itand up in a legislative body in ti
~cutry and declare that the money I
~ountry was not good money. It wa
eft ;for this country alonge to have il
egislatiye members to repudia& ti
~overnment money. Since 1878 thei
iadj been a :contmuued attempt by LI
r reasury Department to depreciate LI
iver money of the country. All LI
reat commercial and banking agencit
) the country, led or supporte- by tLb
reat metropolitan press, had bee
~ndeavoring to make the people belies
bat silver was unfit for money and
ould not discharge money duty. PT
enators from Ohio, Wisconsin at
)egon (Sherman, Vilas and Dolph) ha
old the Senate that the American si
er dollar was a forty-five cent. dolls
But." Teller asked, "has it any whei
railed to buy one hundred cents worn
f anything which any body has to sel
[t Is true that measured in gold it wi
>nly bring 45 cents. b:it measuredi
oir modiies it will buy sixty per cen
noe of wheat, of corn and of cotto
han it did in 1872. It is a dollar whic
s as good as gold."
George (Dim ) of Mississiupi argue
support ot the bill, although he ac
itted that it was "artificially drawi
riapt in expression and with some au
ienity in it.
1, 'was not, be said, a free coinai
neasure. He wished that it were,
here was any chance of its becomir
aw. The bill proposed only to requit
n specitic terms the coinage of'suvi
sready puchased, already owned by Li
~overnment and already required t
a to be comned.
Wile Geo ge was still speaking, tI
iour of 2 o'clock arrived, and then Ha
:is (Dem ) of rennessea rose and de
maded in acco- dance with the terms'i
.animous consent, that, the vote I
taken on Mr. Allison's motion to recol
sider the vote ordermng the bi to thiu
redmg. The vote was taken and Lt
mntion was disagreed to-yeas 28, nal
45. as fAlows:
Yeas-Aldrich, Allison, Brice, Ca
iery, Carey, Chandler, Cullom, Davi
Dlpb, Frye, Galhnger, Hale, Hawle:
Hoar, Lodge, Mc~illin, MacPaersor
Manderson, Mitchell of Wisconsin, Mo
cl, PIl ner. Proctor, Quay, Smiti
S2ckbridge, Vilas, Washburn, Wilson
Navs-Allen. Bate, Berry. Blac]
burn, tanchbard, Butler, Call, Camde1
Uockrell, Coke, Colquitt, Daniel, T
bis. Faulkner, Gibson, Gordon, Hant
brough, Harris, Hill; Itby. Jones of Al
kansas. Kyle, Lindsay, Martin, Mill
Mtch~el ot 0:egron, Morgan, Murph~
Pasco, Peife'r, Perkins, Pettigrew, Poe
er, Pah.ltonsom, Roach. Shoup,. Squir
Se wart Telier, Turpie, Vest, Voorhee
White, Wocott-45.
Te Detnocratic Senators who voti
in te affirmative were: B-ice, Caffer;
Mc'nersou, Palmer, Smith, and Vilat
The oepu-lans who voted in the neg's
tive were: Dubois. Hansbrough. Mitch
ell of Oregon, Pettierew Power. Sbcup,
F Squire, Stewart, Teller and Wolcott,
The three Populist Senators, Allen,
Kyle aqd Peifry. vo'.ed no.
Manderson (Rep.) of Nebraska then
e moved to refer the bill to the Committee
on Fiupnce with instructions to amend
it so asAo provide that the silver certifi
A cates shallby increased onily in anticipa
tion or in lieu of the seigniorage. He said
that tNe bill had been characterized
ie even by its friends as crude, rough anc
it ungratatical, and that the debate bad
ie shown that those who understood the
English lanausge were at sea as to what
is the bill meant. Manderson's motioc
ie was rejected, yeas 27, nays 44.
s- Then it was proposed by Harris tc
ie abroga:e the agreement that the re
mainder of the discussion be under tb
I. five minute rule. He proposed that the
1. debate be general, a vote to be taken al
a 2 o'clock tomorrow on the passage ol
id the bill Unanimous consent was giver
0 and George resumed his argument ic
B. support ot the bilL
7, Georize was followed by Carey (Rep i
a- of Wyoming, who argued against the
y bfll and then at 5.25, after a short exe
ie cutive session, the Senate adjourned.
SUICIDE IN ATLANTA.
Samuel Cheek'i Checkered Career Sud
denly Brought to a Tragic Close.
e ATL&.NTA, March 9.-Samuel Cheek,
t a contractor, well known in the city and
d surrounding country died at the Grady
,t hospital from the effects of two bullet
wounds in the left breast; and those
wounds were inflicted by his own hand.
For a number of years Cheek hae
maintained relations of the most ami
)r cable nature with his wife and children
r not a jar of discord ever marring the
domestic felicity of wife and husband
n each appearing to have perfect confi
dence in the other, while the sequel
;a shows that, during all these years, in
;' another part of the city, there has lived
. another woman known as Mrs. Sam
. Cheek. And this woman has borne him
8 two children. -
ofHow much longer this dual existence
of Sam Cheek would have gone on can
only be -conjectured, but for the fact
that Cheek became involved in litiga
tion which resulted in a warrant being
e issued for his arrest; his having to hide
8 out from the officers, and finally In a fit
e8 of desperation, admitting all to his wife
t and taking his own life.
y The woman with whom Cheek had
e been living was, when a girl of 16
yf some 10 years ago-taken to the home
I. of Cheek and cared for a long time, she
d having no home, and later a permanent
home was secured for the girl with
Mrs. Cheek's sister living a few miles
away from the Cheek homestead, whlch
was then in a village about 20 miles
f rom Atlanta.
- After a stay of nearly a year, the girl
who had given her name as Bertha
a Cross, but whose real name was Blanch
0 Clayton left her new home and after
d visiting the Cheek family, where she
e spent a few days, left them, declaring
v her intention of returning to her home
a -somewhere in South Carolina.
y And here begins the dual life of Sam
e Cheek. He had become infatuated
a with the girl; brought her to Atlanta
ane -bet up a second nome. And, not
e withstandig his family afterward
moved to this city,for years Sam Cheek
n has managed to keep up his relations
tt with this woman without ever exciting
* a breath of suspicion, either in the
- breast of his wife, or among those with
. whom he came In business contact.
s Remorse and reverses, however final
y ly so wrought him up, that he confessed
s all and wandered away-in the night, a
hunted criminal, and was afterward
*found by his son in an old house in the
outskirts of the city dying from the
self innlected wounds.
r The boy had his father removed to
the hospital where he died without re
gamlng consciousness.
a Double-Dealieg Daniel.
d WASEINGTON, March 14.-I hive
just seen a card publisued inthe News
and courier, from the Hon. D. A. J.
Sullivan, !anouncing his withdrawal
a from the race in the First Congression
L al District. The pubication of this
tt card, as well as reports that ihave been
t circulated in South Carolina, to the ef
a fect that I promised him to keep Dr.
0 btokesout of the race, and the further
at fact, tnat some time ago while I was
) at home in Laurnes a report was pub
, lishod in the News and Courier that
a 1 had telegraphed for Mr. Sullivan to
e come to Laurens to get him to run for
'e Congress in the First District, compeis
me tosay thatlIhave had no talk or
communication with Mr. Sullivan upon
ethis subject since he left Washington
esome time ago. Mr. Stokes was nom
s inated for Congress at Summerville,
e While Mr. Sullivan was bere
a and upon learning it, the lat
e ter announced to me and others that
it he would not be a candidate. He left
e me fully impressed with that idea, and
d no man was more surprised than I was,
d when he announced his intention to
. run, which he followed up by frequent
visits to, and conferences in, Columbia,
with which the public must be familiar.
OIn reference to the Laurens incident,
I will say that there is not a word of
truth in that report. He came to my
house after having telegraphed from
n Charleston, my permission to see me
-at my home in Laurens, to which I
a consented. In cornclusion I wish to
h 'say, and I hc'pe that every honest
newspaper that has published these re
d ports will do me the jussice to publish
- this letter, that I never promised Mr.
Sullivan or any one else to keep M~r.
Stokes from running hat any time, or
asked, encouraged or advised Mr. Sul
elivan to run for Congress in that Con
gressional District.
J. L. M. IRBr.
Pear Not the LuImottne.
r PARIS, March 15.-At 2.30 o'clock this
e afternoon a bomb exploded just inside
the main door of the church of the
yMadeleine. One person, supposed to
be the author of the explosion, was
e~ killed and several others were wound
Sed. The explosion which was evident
.ly premature, mutilated in a horrible
raanner the man who was carrying the
e bomb. It is generally believed that it
- was the intention of the miscreant to
d throw the bomb into the midst of the
e worshippers, who were gathering for
Sthe afterhoon service. Four persons
have been taken into custody on suspi
clon of being accessories of the man
who was killed. Tne police had the
greatsst difficulty in gretting their
prisoners to the station, the mob which
Shad gathered making several attempts
to seize the prisoners and lynch them.
SThe Madelejpe, or church of St. Mary
-Magdalene, onze of the oldest places of
worship in Paris, has a large congrega
. tion and is especially well atteniled
,during the devotions of the lent sea
son. The afternoon or vesper services
were about to begin and worshippers
were rapidly filling the edifice when
the explosion occurred
vmii Pound Rock.
PEORIA. Ill., March 1.-In the Cir
,cuit Court last night, Charles Wickert,
,heavy-weight pugilist, who, on Decem
ber 15, brutally beat John Behrands,
d crippling him for life, was found guilty
, of assault with intent to kill, and san
.tenced to fcurteen years in the peniten
A ROW IN COLORADO.
GOV. WAITE IN DANGER OF BEING
LYNCHED.
The P.pnilt Governor's Stubbornness
Caue the Outbreak-Poici and Militta
Attagnized-Uacle Sam to the Res
cue.
DENVEiR. Col., March 15.-The po
liticat fight waged by Governor Waite
culminated today in most exciting
scenes and mob viblence was imminent
many times during the day. Fortun
ately tne common citizen was calm
and collected and the prompt action of
leading citizens in leaving their busi
ness and appearing in solid bodies to
beg for time to consider the situation
carefully, caused a delay that probibly
prevented bloodshed, rioting and the I
assassination of Governor Waite. In
aU probability had a shot been fired, a y
mot would have quickly formed that
would have captured the Governor be
fore cfIicial assistance could have res
cued him.
At 6 o'clock, the intelligence that the a
Governor had called upon Gen. Mc
Cook to preserve the peace, settled all
fears of a contest between the militia
and the police. "Soapy" Smith's crowd
of sports had been sworn in as deputies t
and they were placed at the hall to e
await orders.
From 2 o'clock until long after dark, n
a dense mass of humanity was packed t
in front of the city hall and upon the
streets adjacent. They cheered and 51
chaffed and joked, yet did not hesitate r
to express indignation at the situation. n
On 14th street the first regiment of the
Colorado National Guards stood, flank- t
Ing the Chaffe light artillery, consist
ing of four Gatling guns, with caissons n
filled with ammunition. Their position n
commanded the entire front of the hall
and at one time the militia was under
motion to attack the hall, when the 1
arrival of Secretary Lorenz with a mes- 0
sage from the Governor, stayed the at- d
tack. This was for a half hour's delay si
to permit another conference looking
toward a peaceful settlement. From
that time on, until the United States
troops were called out, the most in
tense anxiety prevailed. All sorts of
rumors floated about. The sheriff Is- T
sued an order to arrnst the militia and
take their arms away. A friend of the
deposed members of the fire and police
board went out of the city hall to ap- U
ply for a warrant to arrest the Gov- di
ernor. The committee of the influen- s(
tial citizens were arguing with the ri
board, with the militia, with the Gov- it
ernor and with 'he police, bat nothing vi
was accomplished. The Governor de- ai
clared he would order the militia to dre oi
upon the city hall regardless of the w
crowds of spectators, and the police ti
board within, :is solidly maintained
their position to resist the attack. T
The police stood with guns in hand ti
ready to charge if necessary, and Chief oi
of Police Stone said he would die be- ir
fore he would surrenaer: Meanwhile, c(
business was practically suspended and e
the crowds gathered on every corner te
and upon the tops of adjacent build- s(
ings. a
Soon after 6 o'clock this evening, o,
Chief of Police Stone received a tele
phone message from Gen. McCook, tI
stating that he had'ordered troops from %
Fort Logan to protect the chief and aid it
in preserving order. Soon after T. M.
Pattersor, asked on behalf of the Gov- t1
ernor, for a ::ommittee of arbitration, t
but the city hall people declined the ai
offer, saying they had made a similar Ic
offer earlier in the day and it had been
refused. Then the attorney for the C
Governor made a similar request and It d
was elso ref used.
It was not until morning that the fa
people realized the extent of the troub- ls
le, and the determination of Governor
Waite to have his way regardless of E
courts. When they read in the morn- G
ing papers that he had ordered out the
militia, they were loath to believe even G
then that any trouble of a serious na- dj
ture would arise.'- But as the day pass
ed, the fears of all negan to rise. As :E
early as 9 o'clock the more carious
spectators began to assemble around B~
the city hall buildiog, and by 11 o'clock G
Larimer and Fourteenth streets, for a
block in each direction, were literally al
packed. At 10 o'clock two wagon loads d:
of breech-loading shot guns and am
munition were trnloaded at police head- E
quarters in the city hall. The depart
ment was now equipped with a shot T1
gun arnd two forty-five Colt's revolyers L
for each man In addition to the regula
tion club. A quantity of dynamite rf
cartridges was also stored in the police tU
vaults in readiness for any emergency. it
"We will hold the city hall against all
attacks from the outside, if it takes F
dynamite to do it," was the expression
of Chief of Police Stone. "We have 110 F
men on duty and they will be here as
long as they are needed. If the Gov- fa
ernor wants 'blood to the bridles' we will u.
give it to him, Dut he cannot have the v3
city hail."
By noon the crowd about the armory n
was nearly or quite as great as that v:
assembled at the city hall, and when
the militiamen began to arrive they .a
found it difficult to make their ,vay to di
headquarters. The militia started from
the armory promptly at 2 o'clock. Adjt A~
Gen. Tarsney was in command, assist- v
ed by Brig. Gen. Brooks. At 3:15 p. m
Brig. Gen. Brooks, accompanied by a
four aides de camp, rode up to the city v
hal, and stated that the Governor's or
ders must be obeyed. Governor G
Waite remained in his private rooms at v
the Douglass all day and admitted no
one but his closest friends, until a com- L
mittee of citizens from the chamber of B~
commerce called upon him late in the.
day. The result was a failure to get ri
hici to consent to anything. "1 shall 1C
order the militia to fire," he reiterated.
"-he people way assassinate me if they J
will, but 1 prouose to have my way."
This was the situation when Gen. Mc- J
Cook asserted his position, and pre
pared to preserve the pea~e. J
The history of this trouble dates
back some weeks. The crisis was de- G
layed because the Governor preferred iC
to wait until the extra session was end
ed before he acted. To understand the
situation it must be known that some v:
years ago, the citizens of Denver asked
the Legislature to give them a new C
charter that would take the police, lire v:
ard public works departments out of
te hands of the municipality and put if
it in the hands of the boards appointed ki
by the Governor. It was believed that
would result in removing the matter u:
from the corruption of politics. Gov
ernor Waite had shown a desire to
make these departments subserve his
political ambitions and has tried to C
make them all political boards tilled re
with P'opulist followers. The board of G
fire arid police has been changed re- nu
peatedly to suit his whims. ?wo re- m
sisted, but the Governor won his case ol
before the supreme Court, which de- v
cared he could remove or, cause.
When ':e demanded the removal of
members Martin arad Orr rec.ently they
refused to go until the courts should
so decide. Governor Waite, relying up
on the decision of the Supreme Court
in the first case, did not ask of the
courts how to proceed. lie declared '
that the members had violated their L
trust by placing special policemen atj
gambling houses, contrar1 to law, and h
he appined two new members. The Ial
iepcsed members applied to the dis.
rict court and obtained a temporary
njunction to restrain the Governor,
he mayor and the new members from
aking possession of the office of the
>olice and fire board by fcrce. This
vas objected to, but after arguments
iad been heard, Juge Graham declined
o remove tbe injunction. Then, after
everal days delineration, the Govern
ir decided to ignore the irjunction, and
o issued last night, his order to the
ailitia.
During the excitemennt around the
ity hall, a man named Hyles. fell from
is perch on a storm door entrance to
te tall striking head first upon the
avement, fracturing his skull. He
-ill die.
It is said that a warrant for the ar
estof Governor Waite has been sworn
ut and will be served by a posse of
eputy sheriffs tonight.
Denver, March 15.-8:45 p. m.-The
nited States troops have arrived from
ort Logan and are under command of
kn. McCook. Gen. Brooks, of the
tate troops, says the old fire and po
ce board will be given an opportunity
D fight or quit.
THIS IS SERIOUS.
Late tonight Governor Waite issued
a order calling out every campany of
lilitia in the State. They are to come
) Denver immediately, ready to act.
'he Colorado National Guard consists
f two regiments, one with headquar
rs here and the other in Pueblo. The
atire force can muster probably- 1,200
ten. The Governor says the compa
les here are not sufficient to cope with
xe crowds and police force. They can
ot reach Denver before Satuday. The
ieriff will attempt to cause the ar
st of the Governor. Anjt. Gen. Tars
ey and Brig. Gen. Brooks early to
iorrow morning. The United States
:oops will remain in the city until
eace is assured, and the piominent
ien will continue to urge peaceable
Leans of settlement. As Governor
laite seems insensible to arguments
>oking to arbitration, peace can come
3ly by the withdrawal of the city hall
sople, or by some action of the courts
iat will restrain the Governor. The
tuation now looks serioas foir to
Lorrow.
T HIS s rATE'S TROOPS.
te Mlitary O-ganizations We Had In
Two B'g BaVies.
COLUMBIA, S. C., March 16.-Tme ve
rans of the State are taking the
epest interest in the matter of the
lection of the commissions of vete
ns from this State who are to act
concert with those of other States,
sit the battlefields of Chickamauga
id Chattanooga, and locate the spots
i those two memorable fields which
ere occupied by the South Carolina
oops during those engagements.
Adjt. Gen. Farley and Governor
illman have been at word for some
me endeavoring to secure the names
members of the several organization
the fights to be appointed on the
ommissions. Representatives from
ch organization, except the three bat
ries already referred to, have been
cured. These names are expected in
few days, and then the announcement
the appointments will be made.
The following were the organizitions
Lis State had fu the two fights, and
hich will be represented on the com
issions:
South Carolina was represented in
Le battle of Chickamauga by one bar.
ry of artillery and seven regiments
id one battalioa of infantry, ds fol
ws:
Culpeper's Battery, Capt. James F.
ulpeper, McNair's Brigade, Johnson's
vision.
Tenth Infantry and Nineteentn In
~ntry, Col. James F. Pressley, Man
ault's Brigade, Hindman's division.
T wenty-four Infantry, CAl. Clement
.Stevens, Lieut. Col. Ellison Capers,
ist's Brigade, Walker's division.
Second Infantry, Lieu. Col. Franklin
aillard, Kershaw's Bridgade, McLew's
vision.
Third Infantry, Col. James D. Nance
ershaw's Brigade, McL aws' division.
Seventh Infantry, Lieut. Col. Elbert
land, Maj. John S. Hard, Capt. E. J.
ongons.
IEighth Infantry, Col. John W. lHen
ran, Kersha w's Bridadge, Mc La ws'
vision.
Fifteenth kfantry, .Joseph F. Gist
ershaw's Brigade, McLaws' division.
Third Battalion, Capt. Joshua M.
o wnsend, Kershaw's Brigade, Mc
aws' division.
At Cnattanooga, South Carolina was
presented by t wo batteries and thir
en regiments, and three battalions of
fantry, as foilers:
South Carolia Battery, Capt. Win. W.
ickling.
South Carolina Batterp, Capt. T. B.
erguson.
Tenth Infantry and Nineteenth In
6ntry, Maj. James L. White, Maniga
t's Brigade, Patton Andreson's di
Sion.
* Second Infantry, 301l. John D. Ken
ady, Kershaw's Brigade, McLaws' di
tsion.
* Third Infantry, Cat. James D.
ance, Ker.:haw's Brigade, McL a ws'
vis ion.
* Seventh Infantry, Col. D. Wyatt,
iken, Kershaw's Bridge, McLaws' di
ision.
Eighth Infantry, C3l. John W . Hen
tan, Kershiaw's Bridge, McL'aws' di
selon.
Fif teenth Infantry, C31. Joseph F.
ist, Kersha w's Bridge, McLaws' di
tsion.
Third South Carolina Battalion,
bent. Col. William G. Rice, Kershaw's
rigade, McLaws' division.*
First Infantry, CJol. Franklin Kilpat
et, Jenkins's Brigade, Hood's divis
11.
*Second Riiles, Col. Thomas Thomas,
enkin's Brigade, Hood's division.
*.Fifth Infantry, Ca1.- A. Coward,
enkin's Brigade, Hood's division.
* Sixth Infantry, Col. John Bratton,
enkin's Brigade, Hood's division.
* Hampton Legion, Col. Martin WV.
ary, Jenkin's Brigade, HIoo:'s divis
an.
* Palmetto sharpshoot~er, Col. Joseph
ralker, Jenkin's Brigade, Hood's ai
.sion.
* Sixteenth Infantry, Col. James Mg
uLlough, Gist's Brigade, WValger's di
sion.
* ?wenty-feurth Infantry, Col. Cle
ent H. Stevens, GisL's Brigade, Wal
Cr's division.
* Detached Novem~ber 4 to Knoxville
2der Longstreet.
Fate e f Forg, r.
PHILADELPHIA, March 15.-Daniel
.Camp, who returaded that be rep
sena~d J. M. High & Co., of Atlanta,
a., and througn f~rgries ut inat tiem'%
Line atempi~ed to swinule John Wana
aker and other well known firms out
large sums oi money was today con
eted mi fbrgery and sentencea to six
~ars imprisonment.
A a,rtrediaZz lueat.
LACRENs, March 15.-A ten-year
d son or Mr. J. A. Madden was killed
ree miles t:omn this city by linhtning
~ster day -atternoon. Mr. Madden, the
acu~er, and several childr en were re
ruing fromn school. The little fellow"%
it was torn to pieces, his haIr burned
td his neck broken.
MURDER AT '.ASTOVER.
MR. J. F. GAYDEN KILLED BY THE
1 HIEVES HE PURSUED.
Richlet d and Sumter Aronted by a Foul
MurdPr-The ltcresting Story of Gay
den's FAtil Chase atte! the Robbers
Ready for a Lynchina Bee.
WEDGEFIELD, Sum.ter C.uaLv, March
]-.-Mr. J. E. Gayden. a well-known
and most r.opular citizen of Richlana
County, who lives at E istover, was mur
dered late last night near this place.
Mr. Gavden, had taken a young lady
home from ibe 9 o'clock train on the
Atlantic Coast Une, and was on his
way back to bi' residence when he saw
a light in the depot at Eastover. He
called to the person in the depot think
log that it was the night watchman.
The man in the Cepot ran and Mr. Gay
.den pursued him, but could not catch
him. He aroused the whole town, but for
various reasons no one would go with
him to pursue the thief on ac:ount of the
latenees of the hour. Mr. Gayden, is a
very courageous man and determined to
pursua him himseh. He said he was
going and he caught tne next traln. He
,ot cff at the Watereejunction and noth
'ng more was beard of him until this
morning, when his dead body was found
lying along the railroad side a little dis
tance above this place. He had a bul
let in his neck and had been struck on
the forehead by a heavy instru cent.
The peoDle here were mystified, but
they knew Mr. GaSden and telegraphed
back to Eastorer. They suspected at
once that he bad caught up with the
thieves and had been murdered. There
was great excitement about Eastover
and a special coach was attached to a
freight train, which brought a large
crowd armed witi shotguns and pistols
to the place this afternoon for the pur.
pose of searching for the murderer.
Nothing was known as to who or where
the murderers were, but there was a de
termination pictured on every face to
bring the murderer to justice swift and
sure, without the farmality of a legal
trial.
How Mr. Gayden came to be shot is
not positively know, but the theory is
that after getting cff the train he came
up with the robber or robbers and they
shot im. The murderer fired five shots
at him and then jumped out of the rail
road cut and went some distance in an
.j 'ning field. He came back to where
his vc;im lay, probably to see what
damage his bullets had done. AU this
is from tracks which were carefully traced
from where Hr. Gfyden fell. At
a certain point in the field the murderer
had emptied the shells from his pistol
and lef& them lying there. Mr. Gayden,
before he left Eastover, borrowed two
pistols and both of them were found on
his person. One of them was in his
hand but had not been fired. One cham
ber was empty, but it was so when he
got it. There are two theories advanced
as to who the murderer are. One is,
and it is the most plausible theory, that
a negro named John Cloud did the kill
ing.
When the robber was in the depot
he was trying to break open the safe.
He had pulled off his coat and laid it on
the floor, and when Mr. Gayden called to
im he ran and forgot to take it away.
It was icuad there last ight, and the
negro dump hand at Eastover positive.
ly identified it as a coat that he had seen
Cloud wearing about sundown that af
ternoon. He had talked to Cloud and
had no doubts as to the identity of the
coat. Cloud is from Sumter, hut has
been living near Eastover lately. E
has suddenly disappeared, and this in it
self' is a suspicious circumstance. Some
gentlemen at this place are inclined to
beleve that two white men were con
nected with the killing. Two tramps
and a negro were snen at the junction
yesterday and they said they were go
ing to E istover, but would be back that
night. The tracks leading from the
place where the murder occurred show
that the man had about a number 7
shoe and had a high instep. The coro
ner has been holding an inquest here to
day, but so far the above are in substance
facts as developed.
Mr. Gayden's body was brought to
this place and was prepared for burial.
It now lies .a a box car on a side track,
but will be uaken back to Eastover to
night. The crowd from Eastover that
came down are the best citizen of the.
community. They are quiet but deter
mined, and should they catch the right
man or men short work will be made of
them. Mr. Gayden was a universally
popular man and was prominent citizen
of the vicinity. He was at one time
county commissoner, and was postmas
ter at E astover when killed. He leaves a
wife and a large family. It should have
b en mentioned bsfore that Mr. Gayden
knew the direction the robber took, and
that is why he took the train to over
uke him. ~He carried a lantern, and
this probably gave the robber the best
opportunity to shoot with fatal eftect.
The lantern was faund a short distance
from Mr. Gayd nadh' was still bura
ig, only one shot hit hiida the left side
of the neck. The bullet was a38 ''
ad went clear through. It was picke'.
up on the embankment this morning
,covered with blood. John Cloud, the
suspected man, is about five feet six in
ches tall and is rather heavy set. He is
of a dark ginger cake e lor, and has oze
toot'i out on tbe right side. Telegrams
have been sent to Samter and .other
points asking that a close watch be kept
fr such a man.-News and Courier.
rell D..ad in Court.
UNIoN, March 10.-Mr, Coaries C.
Cup, one of the most prominent and
able lawyers of thet Union Bar, died
very saiddenly to nigat. Wnile sitting
in the bar listeamng to judge Meltoa's
speech in the 8.ms case ne fainted.
Doctors were summoned and hewa
taken in one of thejlry rooms. wherd
he died mn tea minutes. Mr. Calp was
just in the prime of life and app trent
y ecjoying the best ot nealta. lle was
oe of tae plaintiff's attorneys in t'ie
sims Jones case, which is no sv on triaf
nere. He had about an hour before
completed his argument before the
jury, andi it has been commented upon
iv many porsons as one of trie ablest
efforts of his life. lHe was an im
pressive speaker and was a born orator.
He was auout 38 year old and has been
practicing at the Union Bar since his
raduation. He leaves several bro.
Eiers and a host of friends to mourn hls
untimely end. Court proceedings were
immediately snspendedi and lovintg
hands couveyed the remains to his
ome. The symnpathy or the entire
community is with the family in their
sad bereavement.-Ne ws and Courier.
D ynamitIe.
MADRID, March 10.-A dynamite
car tridge was exploded today in Funte
Rebol, province ci Seg via, old castle.
.LuZ tLe alcide, or locali udge, and
aliu kiliug the sacristan ot the local
church. The exnlosion is believeci to be
e enrkr of :t Arcmosist.