Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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mi-fortune. It woud be worse than a bh de - which cou;d not be retrieved : it would I ae rimeagtainst our-:lves. With the min rials already on hard under the control of t Clemson Trustees. with an spnropriation $1a.000. supplemented by voluntar:: contril) Tions and the aid (Pt puiie-spirited c:;ij1 the State conid mako at least a respeeta exhibit: and whatever other ecotnomt'i public expenditures the Genera Asem may determtine upon, (in all of whie:i I sh her~tiy join.) I desire to soy in all earm neas that ai failure t have the State !sroper renresented at Chie:zo would be an :wt parsinony that would eause, us to blush. would, therefore. urge the etectlon or a pointtment of a proper Co:nminiloi to tal cha:rge of the matter and see tha. South C: o!ina shall occupy li.r proper p:ace amwO: her sisters. MisNellaIneous. I now beg to call your attention to son matters of im inor im portance: as brie:ly as can to give you clear information. TIE )I1nECT TAX. The United States Congress, by Act of Marc 2. 1I9: has refunded the direct tax colleelt from some of our citizens during and imm diately after the war. The amount involvi Is abont. ,2)Q0 which is to b~e received t the State in truzt for the parties who paid i It will he necessary for legislation on the lt of the General Assembly. to accept the trus and that some provision be nde for i speedy and proper distribut ion. After earef' investigation, and consultation with an a to ney who is famitiar with the matter, a ill has been prepared providing for the appoin nientol a special referee or cominssionte who shall obtain the necessary informatie from tbe archives at Washington and act the State's agent In paying all claimants wI can present the necessary proofs. The Mi has been carefully drawn and appears to cov al the points. REAP'PORT1ONMENT. The United States census of 120 ) havir been completed as far as the tables o1 p-1pu L tion are concerned, it will be necessary 1 pass a law reapportioning representation I the Houseof Representatives. In this co: neetton I desire to call attention to the ma ter of redistricting the Congressional DI tricts. Our State has been held up to scorn 1 the National Congress beenuse of what known as the "black districi." This cerr; ;nander. by which a district was formed con posed almost entirely of black voters-a di trict the like of which was never seen befor and which should never be seen again-ca have no excuse for longer existence. XV have no reason to dread a return of negro ( Republican rule in south Carolina. and ther Is now no reason. if there ever existed an, why our Congressional Districts shoutd n( be arranged in reasonabiy compact shape. tEDIOAL EXAMINERs. A Bill was passed at your last session abo ishine State Boards of Medical Examiner and substituting therefor County Boardi which were authorized to give certificates i applicants to practice under certain restri t ions. The Bill a ppears to have been hastlI drawn, and had it attracted my attention should have vetoed it. This Act has give great dissatisfaction to the-medical fraternit: and in several of the Counties the physiciat have refused to recommend for the appoin ment of the County Boards, and In one (aftt appointment) they have refused to serv The trouble is, that very little discretion given tothe examining Board, and under i provisions almost any charlatan who can ol tain a diploma from a so called "reputuhl medical college" can be turned loose upon ti community to commit itegal murder by ma practice. In the learned professions an ign ramus or mountebank who attempteu t practice law or enter t he pulpit would nece! sarily expose himself at once. In medicin it Is just the reverse. The doctor rarely has consulting physician, especially in the cout try, and the people are at nis mercy, on ly a they protect themselves after they find ot his incapacity, and often only after the deat o f some loved one. In a mtter Involving life it is a duty socii ty owes to itself to see that every safeguard : thrown around admission to the ruedical pr< fession. We look atter the welfare of oc souls by admitting only good and pure me to our pulpits; we protectour property by th assistance of able lawyers; but the inailfe ence which we sbow, and the carelessn with which we permit quacks to inlict pai and murder our bodies, is astonishing. Whether it is best to enlarge the oowers the County Boards, and then throw additiot al restrictions around the practice of med cine, or to have one central Board, Is for you wisdom to determine. The latter would U the least expensive and cumbersone, an probably prove more satisfactory in the en do not think any person should be allowe to practice medicine who has not taken V least a three years' course, and who cannc stand an examination before a competer: Board of physicians. A County Board Is objectionable because I a small area I t might he accused of rejectin applicants from jealousy or a desire to cut o competItIon. This objection could not hol against a State Board, and I therefore recont mend the re-enactment of the old law wit such modifications as will preven t abusesC tyrann ical rejections. COMPLETIOR OF CoNtFEDERATE. ROLLS. In the report of the Adjutant and Inspect< General: he sug::ests that a small fund be pr. vided for the publication, in pamphlet forn of the rolisol such companies and regimetn1 as are not complete. The pnrpose is th: these may be distributed in the terri tory frot wh Ich the men were en ilated, so t hat t lie su. vivors may bave some data to be guided b in supplying the missIng names. I'. shout be amatter ofState prie, and of justice 1 the dead and living alike, that evcryvtbir reasonable be done to put on record in t archives of the governmlent at least the nana of every man who wore the gray. I ther< fore urge consideration of the Adjutant GJet erat's recommendation. He is a zealous ati efficien t officer; and, being a gallan t Confede ate soldier himsel f, will use every reasonab eff'ort to finish this necessary work. LIQVORt LICENSES. I desire to direct your attention to a qoe tion of great importance, with which the we :tare of society and the economical admnini: tration of the government are closely co:: nected. It is the matter of licensing the sal of liquor. Without entering into any discun sion of the prohibition questIon, I will ca your attention to a gross inequality and it justice to a part of our citizens, entailed b the present'system. Section 17t2 of the Ge: eral Statutes reads : "No license for t he sal of In toxicating liquor shall be granted by ani municipal authority in any city. town or vi !age in this State, except upon - the paymer by the person applying for the same to tbt Treasurer of the Couty in which said city< town is situated the sum of $100 tn additiont the license charged by such city, town or vi lage, for the use of said Coun ty, to be applie to tne ordinary expenses of the County." It will be seen that, by this provisiont< law, only a small proportion of the tax derni ed from the sale of liquor goes to the generi fund. Now, while I do not believe that it I practicable, or even desirable, to attempt th absolute prohibition of the sale of liquori this State, no sensible man will deny thi one-half or three-fourths of the crimes con mitted in the State are traceable directly t the drinking of whiskey. In order to punis these crImes, the machinery of the law is s4 in motion. The Courtsre supported by general tat ation, and largely by the coutntry people, an yet the State permits m unicipali corporatlori to maintain or license what mtany men re gard as nuisances andi breeders of crime while two-thirds or three-fourthbs of the mor ey accruing therelrom Is retained by the cot poralions. The anomalous cont ioni is pri sented then of a commnunity allowlrig itse to be unjustly tuaxed as a w hole for the sul presslon of a crime produced by the actlon< a part. The liquor tax is largely foir hacn benefit, while tle abuse is genteral. The pe< pie in the country not onty pay tributet those who seil liquor,-by means of whic the towns are beautitled and adorned,- -bi they pay tax for the surpression of crime pr duced by the maintenance of these bar room: It is unjust and unequal, and ought tot stopped. I therefore stronigly rccomnmene that. all municipal corporations be prohit Ited from levying any license at all, and thi all tax derivable fromn the sale of whiske go Into the Slate and County treasuries, lea' ing the mat ter of local option as at preseiit and if aniy municipal corporation desires I license the sale of liquor, let it derive n special benefit from It. There are, as I at inforrued between 700 and $00 bar rooms I the State. How many municipalities woul relinquish the sale of liquor it they derive no money benefit from it I caninot even gues What. decrease may foliow the enactment< such law is equally unknown. With a big license imposed on each dealer in the articia either at wholesale or retail, an d nll ot th lund going to support State and County go' ernments. it appeairs to mue we would have large increase of revensue, as well as a lan decrase in crime, with a corresponding d crease in Courtt expenses, and consequet reduction of taxes. Chief Justice Simpson's Death. Very shortly alter the adjournmen t of ti General Assembly the State was shocked 1. the iiewsof the death of Chiler Justice Sim son. This distinguished jurist died of heni disease, al ter a brIef illness, December 26. 1N It is needless for me to say aniythintg by w:a of encorniutn on this beloved mtn. On tI field, in the forum, as Governor, and Judce, he had always discharged his dii1 withi zeal atnd ability, and his ptublic honor which were varied, and of long continuatio: were the rewards of his high character at acquirements. He was a ty ph-al Carolinia and while weinourn his loss we rejoice th he has left so bright an example for others imtitate. Conelua~ion. In concislon, I beg to remind you that tl present General Assermbly and the prese State administration were elected on a ph lorm of reiform, and that the people are cc fidently lookinig to us to redeem our pledgi 3lansy of the reforms contemplated have be consutimated, or in process of consnun tion; but there are other questions of vii Imporrsnce which I hope Will receive yo eareui tc nidrat ion. The precent de Wjpluratouiiton of our peopie. wilich I V h-ve more than once allutded to, caiused by h. the poor yield tf our erc-p and ts low price. f ake It obligatory vilin you t cut ofI every posible itetm of exeniti'ture not :bsolutely iecess-iry. tor it possible, aid attorchcr ' prottable, that Ihere wilt be :t cm.iderabsl de-ficit by reason of the inabiility of t tic pe ple to i-y thier taxes. A Iti to sulstitie i S-11hrits :n1sitead of Ives Inl County onlices. tsut ti: :he :t--s into the Treattury, ital inkint t rui ition of '-ib're's all olong the line to i t'uro- corresponi. dii, v- ith the itirecascd pureliasin - po..-er (, moiey titiil the deereas .i tbtiiTV ot ilwopeple to pa.y, steetis ahvo( Intely ne tsoy V. The saiin- may be 1inle, tul we htvi re-ached the point where even a sr.ll eeonolm. is of material importance. lietying upon your pitriot ismi and wis:dom. and assuring you tf toy c. dial co-operation, I invoke the bles-ing it' (o l i -our labors. I,. i Tillnan. Governor. Le i1 - Cotiliroller Genera tl' Report. h The anilnuaI n-po-t to the Le:i-Iature (of Comp i tt-tller General W. H. Ellerbe. inad- publie yester t. day. is a ottcueint if especi:i interest to every tatx 'tiver In th- c-iiniumn" w-altl. The paper is exhaus tiv.t andcons utaten:ents anal suerestions of imore than oirdlinary .igniiicance. Other interest attnches to the papier inaisni tich n- the tepartnent I representd i- t the itmaim arlriesb in the ad-;t miistration. The salient fcatures ,f the reptrt Iol lows: r- AtNN A . ETE I "IF \I . t- As reqired by law I hare persunally attended to r. :rd ma e the annual :.ettlemenrts in e-ch county, n except in a few et-inties where I sectutred tie st-rvices )r a comiipeteit ntLii. to tiiake such settlemlent fir S me. I The-e- settlements in niany respects, in several of r the coniesthve nqort prvedt atisfactozy. Nu-t mertrus t-rrors wvre dt-tcetl, and in soase casts in ecs--bleni:uites wet-re found, and in othirs a shorte ot acc-tir-s of treasurers: and in one conn , ty (Untion) mizri emients if the chi-l finds we-ri liscoverel. This case has bet-n turned (over to the Sciturts as requi-ird b- law fo -trict investigatiotn anti -action. The erro:- i!tectd have been corrected, -ndi all mti.ie-s iace-d in the public treasury, except h t. in Charl,tw, where there is dIe fromn *State tx - $..3. Irent couity taxes td.91t,7G, and acho (, andt a poll Q262.8 aJoa f 815 : and in Suintter a4 s county $617,49 irn tate taxes. $.. St* fron coun Itv taxi- frimi school nd oIll *262.94, a tital of a - 4i99 -i anid in t-iitn cotun-t $4l5,:tt from Mtacte - taxs, tnakil ai ittl of t0, ; .1 due these respe.- <I tivc funds 1ttn the three cointies ntaned. ( n The balance frti union county grows wit of the C e county treasurer presenting a receipt as a viucicer r which poeiiri bt-elongeI to and had been allowed N e In the mettlement for 1$49. Informiatioin cties to me that county treasurers it in wm-- cs-s delosit county and schotol funds A in bank id rtceive thereof a small rate Of interest on such deposit, and often parties holding claimis ag:int these funds are tot that no) money is on hand to pay them. C A CHANGE srGGrsTED. o The irregilarities tbat have been thus revealed - saggest tv taind that citoue changes should be v maide in our -ystem oW County ciollections and lis I hirew-uts, aid while it may have objectionable a features I ani now of the opinion that one dis- 1 bursing 4iileer for the State would remiedy the ex istin'g iitliculties and irre-guhriities. L a. A sirht itcrease of tne tirce (clerical) in the olice j r if couptro:er general would enable the work to be done and nearly every e >unty in the State hav- i s ing State dI;osit.tries in them the general public s wiuldi nowt lie incronvenieniced nor alddit:oual expenses C - be incurred by such a system of couniity and school e disbltirseuieit$. e T he penitentiary, Sinking Fund commission and other institutio-ns ,t the State under the law collect i- and (ldit-burse niney. 'I he adjutant and inspector ) general disbtiri-N the moncy appropriated for the ( Sinalitia when he is iot I btnded officer. Thc habit t e of extending the tiune fior the paynrtent of taxes i opoerates injuriously upon the annual settlements required bi law. ihe tuie should be fixed at about s the first of Jantiuary fior the payment of taxes with t out ptnIalty aid not interred with except in eX- A bi traordinary cases. The s-stem of one disbursing office would save the vxperseb and time necessary to send the comp- A s troller general to the thirty live counties in the - State and utake his ovesight continnous or daily in r stead Of as ri0w -nit- at the annual settlements. C a Tnere is alsi an old balance due in Kershaw Couri- I e ty, cttuing over, huwever, from a coumpromise ofl F -- matters there in the settlemient fur the precedin & s year. The grand inry of this county has taken the I a Iatter in hand tinder order of court and a speedy ad- C justment is hoped for. INSURANCE DEPARTMENT. r I be- to call your attei . to the fact that the e reveuties from t.his aoirco are far less than the same siurce i tiother States coming under our observation. isThe l:ct-awt, this atate now require an annual lierise 1fee of $ 1, win amounteu this year to itSt0. Al-. each coupany ioing business ii the State is requireut by law to return -gross preuiiunus fir tax t ation, frot which source the State received taxes on sbout $5,000. ThIs year tue return of ptremIims a amnount to near $o59, 000. SThe three larigeat lilt- insurance conipanlies doing i businesin this'State laid into the treasury of Geor d gia,as reported by the compiltroller general of that .State, near $10,000O, into the treasury of Soiuth Car b olina, as far as the facts have iteen ascertained, 5I150. r The gross receipts have not been returned regular lv by any class of comnpanies dloin:; business in the state except fire insuiranc comupanies, and these have largely returned only gross receipts si-nt by agents to the home otlice. and thus a large amiount escapea taxation. There is another class of companies which slip into the State without complying with its laws in any way and do miore or less business. The law shotuld be mnade more stringent along thIs line, with a view to prohibiting such business. As it nitw stands the law affords no adequate protection to the assured In case-S of hisses where cotntestcd and judgments obtained. as in many cases no prope-rty is owned in this btate suject to the process tof law necesac to compel payment. The only remedyL now is for the comiptrolner generai to revoke the license of such companies, whichi prothibit lurther elawful business, but does not aulord relief to theC citizen of the State who took risks with such coim d panies. . A small deposit froim each cotmpany admitted into the State, in south Carolinia bondcs, made with the eState Treasurer, would remedy this <illiculty, but should not be so large as to be at all burdensome to the insurance citiinie. C This requiremen-it would also aid in obviating an-L other dithacultv with wild cat complanies, by prevent -ing their en'.rimrn the State at all, and imp~oaintg uponC - her citizens as now is sometimes iltne. - All companies admitted Into South Caro-lina should N e be charged at li-at the same fees anid charges thast a South Carolina company would, by the state incor LI [tirating such comipany to do business in such Stateb or county. In other words the comptiroller general b or insuraiicecoummissone-r should tbe given itthonity ' to grade the charges against a comipany by those C made by the compjanysown State so as to miake ourF insurancce law reciptroca as between the State or ofS -otlier counties. I tThe Comoptroller General can discharge the duties i e of insurance comimissiner, but, with his present r experience, inclines to the opinion that an insurance F D department, either separate oraisutect to the controL of the Compltrotller Gener.a, wouli be a mnatter or S eciniiny to the State, and properly guardedl by law, 1 with efficient Inaniagement, would iniclease the rev fenues to the State proportionately to that of' other --States from this source. I 1If the one-disburstinig-oficer idea advanceed tler another headl should prevail, then there would be ni-ed e of a subex-aininer, and the insurance commtisioner a culd be given such authority na this interest may .t require. Then a Ilarge- numiber of interests and bus- t. Simness in, and seeking to come into this State, that p Snow pay nothing or comparatively nothing, under our E a laws, for the suport of the government. t tBuildin.: and li-an associations, foreign land and c loan assc'ciations cannot be reached advantagously y except by some systems ou license, and shouid be C classed with insturance ciimpainiea and muade to con s tribute their portion of taxes toward the supptort of L the government whose protection they enjtiy. E There is also a large interest that now comes under e the law knoiwn as that atrecting hawkers and [eddllers, a mhch should be placed under the samne condition .\ if law andl mande to do their duty ats to taxation. 1 fIn concludizng this subject, the law shotild be so r a.-ndled that ant- anti every elass i-f busintess ini, or I seekin-- to enlter the State. can be ri-achldi andl tusade e ti- pav' tribute to the gover-'nent wthose citizeins the bu'iess seeka to mnakei money- oiUt of otr intvestmen-lts C amoni Thisb caniiot be doiie ecepcit by somne systemi e o o-ie-s wihichl will i-re paymettnit therif in ad vnice, .is ntnny are epheitei'-i mt chtaraceter anid vanish romn -iarch or sight ibefore the tax collector can get I ariund. e Let ever inte-rest,lindiv-iual and butsiness be forceid ii ti pay- a jtist, fatir anti equitabtle percentage ofthe ex penses nitcesnary to guarantee protecion to ant-l mt-et, individual oir business by the govern m ent under whbose jurisdictioii the individuad miay : ie or the interest may lie or business be tdone. 0TA x a LE P-moiPErETY. n The total tat-alet property of the State fir the fisica1 a var ending tsat Octolber, IS31, is $lG16426i, against I di 81.30.02.421 lor the last laical year. Alt inic.entse otf I td $17410,2 over last vyear. A bout 50 pen cett of .this incrt-ace is diu5 tic the iincreased aesesanments uponil I ilrailroads, banks and other corporate property in then h State. ,Sonic complaints have been mnade as to thcis special S class iof mnceased ar-essmnents. but it is not belie-vedc nitor has it tween shown thait these nssi-simeints a -Ir.-e'above thne trute value- in mlontey of the property - N-i cimnphints have- reached this ottieen fromi the ,t -ire-ces on other classes of persoinai pripe-rty. It is knitwn that the insc conies almos-t entirely iiiit taxaible property i-titer than real estate. . T1his Legirslature, ini mty judlgemeni-t should order I a re-isssment II reasL estate in South Carolina. as it leis known i thait the average assi-sstmiet uptn this class 3 -tf txaible property is noit mueib above- 50 per cet-i Ii oti ts realI nmnev- value. which dilhiiculty can ntowt be :a rt relt~mediiedoly 'by thne aiuthiority of' law conming 0- througt the actittn of the Ls-giclature. S T-tIre ire, is I li:cve gtiiid reasons to believe, ill- I i ins ol diollrns if oilier Itxable p rpet-y ini this btactee iivto Atiw upin thei tat- boouks, ni c-n it bei fairly reach m d byt the prectent laws p~rtmtly anti . ltcienity. - se Tic- facct lthat a large untt 01 prnopertny escapes< axiatin altint iher and thait values are lactetd sitI tow upo other properm.-ty mtakes thei burden upoin that I aclass tf piropetrty, hne-ty retturni-d andi aseersed, i unitas atle andi vicious, andi hiiece largely tecioure 1o Oer the, comtplainits against high taxation from thait1 :ass if taxi-ayers.I Wih the re-aissesitient iof real etate let the legis ture nl,-, pride a-i syst-a- last that wm i:heh ntanyt i anti every-r es -if taxatile prt.pernty ini the State- ] at Let muories, n-it-s., bionds andh tntxalet sieurities of! Lt- ivent- class ail and kn- he nreached aind iplaced upo'n1 our tax bo-ks. I s. rcTe raiileations i-f that systeml shouini be so cm i plte aund thorough tins.atno proiperty can elude i ts i a-grasp ancd the nit-nan thei. ito-n, tine high arid thie low , a-the citizen if Sotuth Carolinia if every coinditiion nr c be male to feel, to realie to knitw that he bears onily I Ju:'t pertin of the 1thrden s - fa ::.vtermn -6t cr.ate nd, :tan tar. te bene-fit a:n! p-r-tctio of all 'ho trv. in m3..,v hwref w mxh al 1- bkY. 1 con d--n bei 'e~ 'Vea '1f thepr. en valution: of $&k.3 . Ido fo.r tanitiTn. wew* hihv $t33.33. . . W h hr- pr 1prty t t tta aft its r- , i- 3 , .1the.r r'3rees 3f re, . ca3refuilly a:..1 j33iel'n.dy Nit!bi1 the b-sohie :d-e of the ::tv*fil ert -. the evy !or purpo't coul bw ratucel :.2 .r. iills. anfi hut r.reat ;part of the ineenwive t, the rpayer atoatI.::e rtur lt r1.n3ovedI andI3 th ltiate"pi.: upon :ur ivet h11me1 and11 Opinion rim abruard -)f the zstate nit impiiatrol dthreby. The pre,-::t Ibmw rate (4f th pr. et 'fteSa s nowA' -ubI-head to, the world. is k..,nly f..:t by every -it zen who, nwms tie wonderful rsonlees. a.1d f7ian- 1 -1:,d str-.'3t*,h o: the State. Aknow thes acts, tioo,houbl act a, incentve t' everv e ood citizen >r tlie State to hi; fit duty In rl3edinlg the evil 31nd ercourage th.o- charzved Vitlh the einetienlit a1nd4 .? ritration of 3:Lw', to tie fulle't -3Cruntin if th ,-, and the applicatin o-f such rcm-dies and l.. i wi prodnev the results dosired. The inequalii'is of the prestnit aissessmtsll. are tross and plmaial !rin:: in s14me0 i.-tanc33es (it the n.1e1v cl.ssf If' ropertv Ill :1 rent patt.: f he Stite. mnt the bLw as it now is dto.,es n.t confer the r.ecessary .uthorityuptown anytlyl.except every fifta year, TO qualize :heiv :,m's.m.e;t.. be'tween the ditert lit comn uunities of the State. If tte authoritv now iven o the State' board o0 eiIizatior.s for railr-wls c, ,1it >e extetlI I to II taxabile, pr1perty in tihe State other ban real t-state tle- evil, I trink' culd -ea: ernedlied atnd proper equinftiy of asieit ini a bese elaisses o1 pro;erty made andi presrveid. It h.is been y3v iturpose to .if and pree-int t: illiculties as I t1nd Them from ne year N experiecl ud41 leave details :t.d reiedi:dl law t.) the good j3.: icnt, wisdowmi~ ndexprience ofyour hotnorabilebdy WV. 11. El.tr, (olptrtl!er Ge.ra:l:. Report of the State Trensurer. Or'!e: 1F ;rm: Twrr:,-.vl3r.:. CIw.Mu. November 1, IM181 To the lon W. 11. Eilrhe, Cotrnptroller Gtneral ir: 1 have the honior to submit through you to the oioronaile Setnate and llouse (if Re3resentatives the .lowingiz rep.r:. exhiLtin:: the stite of this depart wilt ht the close of the la-t tise:d. ye.rand its tran tions for the fiscal vetirenldinz Octobevr3lS91. I have thoqught p e to st.bnit a num1er if brit stract stateients in alditiOn tot the re::ular annuil tatements in order to iVe in casier view of the cvn-l ition and wor% of thi.. d1epar:mient. 'ash liabilities Novw-iber 1.190...............$159,197 :1 ash on handt3 Novetnber I, 1 90................ 77,94:, !33 et cash indebtness Noveiber 1. 1S910.........411,2.3 4o t As set forth in the follI.wing: STIACTOreASt AssETS AN! LIABILITIES NomiVVN- 4 n1m: 1, 189). Assets in cash October 31. 190: t naob balan:ce Oct ob.ar 31. 1890....................S 77,943 93 vneral acecount ........................ $ 3,943 W6 epartment agriculture.............. 31.t32 27 ikinz fund commission........... 39,:1-7 4V V edempiltion dileiencies..... 1,141 20 Total............................$77.94:3 9: ' Current habilities, in cash, October 31, t raterest due and not called for...................$17.7S 4 an interest to be includel.*500)............... -...00 oe.artinent agriculture, applied t.o Cleuisun 1 4! College.......................... ....... ...... 15 00 r epartlent agricultu re due on departnenit warrints (since aid)........................ 6.047 02 inking lud comrnoaon........................ -9.337 40 3 terest on boonds not vet fund............... 94,32e, 10 'npaid balance W: sploropriations......... .....1 05 07 49.197 33 c ash liabilities November 1.1891................ C 0 ash assets November 1, 1891.................... 64.615 02 et cash indebtedness..............................$3,617 SI As shown in following. sTrACT CAsHAssFEs AND LIABILITIES NovEMBitn I 1a91 t ssets in cash October 31, 1891: Caish balance October31, 1N1................ 0615 02 As follows : eeral accolunt................................22.S 49 epamrtment agriculture............................. 1.111 5' rivilege terthiizer tax............................... .1I 50 A nking fund c-uniision........................... 31.010 34 edemption eic cies (sales blues)......... WS 17 lemson bequest cash................................. 5.247 78 scheated poroperty, cas......................... 2.661 61 on ner lund, cash..................................... 51: I c Totl................................................$ 4,61.5 02 C'URRENT CAISU LIABILITIES OcTOBER .31, 1391. iterost due and not called for....................$17S,996 G4 ,tereston bonds not yet funded after fund g................................. ........ 92.S93 4 Inkiig lund com tiission.......................... 31.010 34 cial accounts reserved.......................... 9.332 42 npid balance of appropriations.............. 110000 00 A bstract of liabilities othcr than cash, 1st Novemsber 189f. (Bond debt :) rowns consols...............t,-,393.076 70 lue 4t pe cents........... 4t;0I.33 03 rown 4 per cents, 1sJ0..... 29.3960 70 b gricultural College scr ip. 191,800& 00 1 eneficiency stock outstand- 717 nval............-..... 391'4S nds andl stock still funid. it able in Brown consols,t #0,406,006 (00 tl ring the year the sinking I funkd cornission has punr chased and5. retired Brown consols5 amount- t Ing to................ 5 26,911 72 b To.tal iiabliities ist Novtemt.er. 1590 . 1 :ash liabilities..............f 4813,197 80 iabilities othe than casa... 6,43317 i a~sh assets 1st Novem- . ,2.1 5 ber.1S90........................ 7,943 93, et indebtedness 1st No- t vember, 1890......... 0.84,771 1" Total liabilitIes lst November,1891: bI ash liabilities............ 4118232 as ibilities other than casn. 0,40G,606 004 -S 0,834,38S Si :ash assets 1st Nov~ mber, 1891.................15 0"' et indebtedness 1st No-I vem ber, 1891.........$6,770,223 811 Abstract revenue and receipts year ending 01 Octo r, 1S91:t iosphate royalty.......................... 18450,2 46 rivilege tax ont tertiliz--ra.................53285 8 nking fund cotumaission.................. 1779 29 e.artmen agricultur....................... 3,.i3 2511 irad assessument for 1H. 1t.. cornnaie atoners.. ........,.............--- 9745 48 ses, Secretary State. $3,0W3 07, insur ance licen3ceas 3,SSO...................... S.970 07 )ecil funds........................-.....1.4511 22 $ her sources.................................. O5 a 19 $1,073.752 98 nanee cash 31st October, 1890........3');; g *1,151,630 91| ExPENDIT'ERE YEAR Ext>INcG CcToDEP'. :181 -:islative expenses.................----,.5 0 blic prntug...........................-"19 : ductional, charitable, penal and san itary institutions and expenses........4 lemson AgrliulturalColleue.............. ensions........................--.--....-- 3 .omissioners sinking fund warrants.... it.~Z iterest on public debt and expenses..... s3)7 san under Act 1sS9 and interest........134 lectin expen es....--....-----. neleIltion State House................ efund taxes.............................1 ' 4 .alntininu miilia...........-....-..--...1 0 edleption Brown cona01l............. irect tax clhims. Aet 1884........ epartuent agriculture.....................6,4 1 outingent funds stationlery and3 sTampsa of executive ofticers............... ...,4 3 laries...................... ......--... alane csh 1stOctber 181........1, 15 0 1 111.4991 Tr.VsT16.377356 lenion equet-csh aset0, 47 ! 'leuson equet-oter iset Totl eti~ate ti~et........... ,4~123) 00 ownerf~tn-ca as~t"......... 4.43 1 2 'ownr lnd-the assts............ ....3 63 notaccount................... ..---.--- 13,706 al ane a31t Octoer,189........... 8 14,615 0i fe t'.nseuet-nsofthis oasse.................. forth 8 T otetiatedli anlst.....s............. .10 schente testate oft Maor(n-cas assenTs... t 6is 58p tcheaedi sateh~ ofe Maone-ther assedti ...4th 113033 Tota...........................t.3t$7:4 3.3.WtI.i.... 117 58. seheted ta~te~~~.. Burton-ctsast............... 33.13 06br Ataelmt.ent3' of ac3 o that33~ e3 inf de rwith ref-1 rnc toea yAtjs onin aus'e, isfurieed m3I' i thi TheIrascton tthis3. l'e'i dmn ofeeae fur nte3 e forth .eaccl.npaneing theni:,statemeniiitr:i.3 3.'33i From tetatem wspett or exhibits ::v i t reportI n333 iex3can be lred ofnl ths,:e niio fth.ia A~ ltair of t4his htae.lf3: ie(ttrlN ahfhail:t'wit whunic:: to purhi.19'N aind 43 3h tath a.'Tse toly $e.1'titat' .1:a wtnh' merbdy 3. 9 3 ro f yalty ell etil! 'h $~1 eO l'. a compare w ith 33 till e pre ,rhvel lpa'i the lan negpOitia.ted4 under~ art ti r ~ ofII 1- ih .- 4iiii-t;i-iP IT ti-illli-IWi :10Ci.i --i-arv for the I.c::i-hitr-- to) n r-Tri-i-ie the !-1n 'f *.0'Ii pay thi- An -indly inade t th.i S'ate witht 1t nN-est -is~i.t iee; l- i-dv!i . to ct hea-a .--I in- IN--% -;w - Sl :' ti i n:: t tde.~ 1t-,! i-ed 1!0'.:is- o i- i ..t-r . I 'inerle. i- i-ee isx tal unpid i-i urTndttier A I i-et -i-i-t --bove. i-tn o h fu.rather-i :t. ihi-. h ie - ele lire -ir ri-e~iwi-re itnd iiti- pm ii-ie.i- a -i-nyth. reprei entir t- ti h-- h -n t i-rt t-htsi-i-i-i n-i-ot c ri - o Xhe e l . h ei i: k'n:: inp-i r itin 11: . w -it ti-Il mr-ite t-eif r i: i ir- i- tiare i-s r fniin rtn tied tie i--ri5- li u h n th e it n w r p -e it in il Ierin::-kin fi in- :-ment of warrimte -r :ait it by te bo~idO of ~ cm it Ion--rso thV *:-rilt ai-itl t ati---- fli-v mk t init-i a -- li-v te i-i-e .%i-i i:-ti- nd i-iiT-hte i reci- ti-n hi-li- it pti- n ri nri-i- er t-- At h- tit.4 : tin :: i ui -iti--r i-ii-aliy i-to i: i : .ih-ei mIut u-rei ved-i--ii tfoun h - .: es . i nt-i bee- n i-ii--ii- i-i-- d toi tiist4l il b t- m int, i--i :tite w irr li-i-o th Tvernr t oith p ic t , hern it --e ti- ri- ii the The . itrest on v the nfuned on I-IV l, bse re 4ueed ::Clr ithie.l as~l th n fa oin in iton N.. i-fel. prl -ri-ined, ti- t$t .-t 4- -i ettiinte . l i it iu dvbe [li-i-n. rt nind ht t esilti-e-t re int ta -, t d tbti-c the tat li te :. hi doi n-ftitteatnd paet icw tl'hen itnis i-i-re tbtin vin t i i i--- th e ttatilt-i- seee:.-i-it iT-- to vi- h lea ith; tu-e f - r serv 1 is-- p a -aiatua an r bytty ttaation s rbyt eale hef I::i-inicu-iti with 1hi- en--hti-ti t i n rti- rv- in or the i li-.-iI tihnei-r t -i-r w l::' t w-il I nen:-. Ai re-serv ilnd is i-ri-i - nifiy-ne idid t o h thi- h tr eil i-tiin i icote ttat c tty cm iie l p i-ni- -I o-I l- pajii-cti n b ya -:)let Io-rin i-i t:di- nterjie-in it niiv u -nt i-ibo . l -i imi-er tob ci-ji-e.1 i-, i-eidt-ern:idir app nia- i in r. I-irt- iil wihti ep-ri. tiso ie pplieo h-:u-ei- i th e t- iic c a tj e- n !ire i- ' hi- i enerv oi itsr ii t at t- cns l-tni-li d e Act pnd ies j it r i-- iheu-e lyk li- the patiS i-in teret Gi-iti 'tieir lowieereta th is. ianl t re n .-e upin he, ztreasury~ at anytine fotr isy ndy ahen yit it is ree in ie ice ofthrictake Nsate to tie th i-i-er n rati-sbry enane it-n ti-i- t-rner the i-iti-i-li-i- :Inv- i--ti--- crtiict s i-n ti uce-. I ha e o i i-Ind tio-i- re.t :mly tIiuh e-inte l-nc. I fe tiu i rnyij i>i-li-yt-ispehla thi-e ltis tin wi-i--hen no lrei-ar pati--inii tii- t-te dti-i nisc ni-i-n:: mauit yc criated whensitvis nre- i th fever ubetv aps ti-h e rtaeqnoree frtt Unti treasuryI -ii-ti-ii-ii-cis provied icthi:m le fund to pay >rnoi-i-I --anyc j-iut clhi- a:in- t h i er.nsl- h rwi FNNGOF Tilt' CoNSOLSsl'NYr TIE ACTS OF 187J AND13. I conilited with instructions ven tt-aine in the Act. nia l- -- p plier ni--i-tin t i- t in newspapers. I t ( hae jilarens i-s-of th.- Act printed an o ice hiv-en that they cotl he h-id piion lipplication by .arties esir i : inforihation and have sent out acari imber of copis. Copies lif the cire-rs h Ind ntl iaare furiii-d with this reprt. I rsto had pre ated with intch care th e necesstiry boutin which o reriv all transacti-ns undier thefunin - Act nd luplicatcs tf sthee ii- ks for the fi-slee of the Gov rnior and Secretary (if the State. A n agreenienet wasN -nitered into with- the American Bank Note Ciaol:pr.v t,-urnishc the n-cissary plates and to enrave the : n dso and ht-k certiates as neded. I have order i and ceti for only three huindred one thonsand-oi :ir boonds, three hundv(red live hutndred-dol~lar boind-C .nd two hundred nilifty s-ock certificates. reservin iders f-r a further suply-I as wnay be regqnired' fromn irne to tirne as refoundlin:: procnroes. Until #ily. 1-2. the i-i lie is restricted to the sfs lm it -exchanging the new 4 per centr eor the Brown But little progress has been mnade in exchan.-ing. inly:,-0 70 of new 4 per cent have been exchan: - d Per ani tqal~ amiount -if B'rown consols. Under th igid requireents of the Act I an afraid not many xchnges will be eracted. Pro -o-itions wera made ;hich, if authority hand been ::iven tile to accept, ght have reslthed in exchang-in one anillion of hue bondt s by ti iit-e. I ant not s.-ekling respounsibility, but I respeectfinlly ubmit that perhaops a widecr iscrtion should be giv n to the G-ernor ndt Treasurer than is allowed in he Act as it stands. In the pnssible event of the olders ofl the Brown consois declining to make a Vol intari exchange for the new 4 per cents stich provis )n sh~ould be- nade as w.ill insure thle s-de of the 4 ,er cents, i- order it at ithe procee thereof may be pplt pad to the re t nplition of the consols at matirity 1. Juily, 1 Ai -tppropriation f funds t-hould also be made for ie pay ment of the difference of : per cent in inter t required ili the Act. CL10SON l*EQCFsT. Thle variety characier and conthiton of the Atore f this bequest ivet t treasurer andb his asoistants luch trouble, and increases very ::reatly his respoon ibility. The State Teasurer has virtually been riade an executor in thisA case and responsible foer the iana::ernent of an etatte, solne of the securites of ohich are payale in another State.and some ar gainst parties In different counties in this State,. se tired by mortgagis in property, cicerning which I ,low nolthing. Of own knowledge. Sue table No. 3 for etiiled taterntli I have given notice to a-l partie s a19 ainst whomi laims are past tie to settle by November , or the lai-is will be placei in the iands o the Attorney t-eral for it fcion, yin ntention being to invest thte funds in tt sectirie-ties. I respectfully ask ttiat thie Legislature will author re the ee dl-i conviern Th i-i otes, etc. into CrA einvt.fWDi-t of this into a piece iof scrip such as i-rindp crpt ad ito itessndci-i have thiarrip. out, emt bea h n aed tf- uste welof -- the er it Itfti-uth nCarh a.cii to hori e I-i-wa issued ofv no-ben ableii-11 t ti-i-i-ue for congt3Censi-i. Coeet the it Tae Tesrcoulino l- n iete tw ncrit ilienr< iees tinoe- tpi-i truts leAt of th nvriyad temt-ri se TaClemo. Cle::e.Tbiit l hls the rtiiu c--tceil-yt eit ofice t-d fripson, pr inj-nesident ti-ih trute-s tfhe ict is f ipsil- t idtis sili-ereccip. thosee tof bei OJasof rusee re1Sp1-ecivel froma the sam imenii uovidtior coni-vlerCitint Clei-ni- equticoesbto iir The-colletioniof the pr -fcsiveti-etatt- of Tertili-ners rasi-iini-ose byo thisiimt oile y Athi of ece.ber i-ii--kt. lbert Nof jxiits thie amount inllected obyu bis offiet li-nks from whatrt companie- , aw-ttnedaleith nsctioins frii thi e Lsc islyeariexceded- tos ofi- d1sji-90 EiTEAtD ETA--NTE T.- sti-.BR~N On Jannl-rtir-,1$9. of rleeielfo A.itnti so. ti-ne. n-r to, as by his stat-met fie- in t-htis-tlie. tI rinkite libearty f hplctui-- ththi- li-i-ti-is- in -ie f our-i e s aing i-i bnk-sii- i----i- ineli-ii-t fhil awi-tiang ne n ns trit-atni-from te-i Lei-iiati-re in towhat d-iprei rtion t i-nielo i-t .--tnne ii -ci-- ii-opii l-~ rA-tia -ndter tIwner ji-lEnt etield Cnountysome i-m-i rior-toi--:-, i-n hisilii w- i- devisted an-td bequatihednhe i-valincia part-f h---iietaiicti-ni-I te pupoevfestntab ihir.i-andtn ai nt i lu ni-: a i-.chol thor oirirvi-i-i-iiildre n i ianati.The- Lt-i-ituthrin ie Sttee he i-ris-en ri ac-nd i-ae aoi-fs t I- l -t-ti-i- andi- the rectioIun ti--d n ii-tn nc ti-i att~ tcho- i-i-i-ets n cit r ln a ti-r n e-ri-h i pl intate i-. itin or0 h I h gii-l ue cityer-- Ai-th . As iiiti-i- lenio buidn ndpt tIand yn- i-ii--oari-oficomitist- sioner S an t ivesitmenii-ti-and eiv ae s-ti -i-i-o thei-c-a i-ise i-i- thesi ta rse ati-i l-n.tis In eian.lt wos Ssc-edathyeiin lte- at Torteaur toi-iraeiv the aSi--ni-i-f tt-s- tund Il-in E. 1uthorir-tiwsitiven ti--ott invist iteu aCsts iiin Sou caro lti att-nd- G r:Ia tatve teci- iiti-i-i ti- in b i-idli-f rani-ity iif Augustt . As-i-trot al i- n thsi-s reptntof tIhei r ane i neipracticati seiof the---t i--fe nlot Ei--crnitiv )eniht. w i-ti- tiben-er'.eth uosheiitiDuner.iui lay hi-eW.niT-er. tl-li-li AnRepory of tiec-reatryi of tratte.i--i i-r-o-rtevo: h I- havletii- thiei i--nor to h it-uii i ta s itins titi i th2i is btr au h ti----ihii n e i--y-e- tii-i ipi- ltweini-l---ti- r th nit-otisca li i-ash end ui -I friti-i-tli-f ster.1-v 8i-i .to-i eti- her tii-iit totii-c6h i-ieci-i--uneei-ations Si-it-it-iisiiv-ii--i d i-i-i- it tii---s ti-iIa ntit - ke i-uli- i ed-cirii and--i- i-i to -ke uge i-if- -i-it ilice -the I6thi Ant Givet ry of--- t-ei- recordlii , funtriad >r tperty i-i--f th flie- wa iti--e i--t-er -i to m ti-i i-n.' > i-i h i-i-f bein-ithe :' munthi- f i-i-i-li -ci-e i r-i-h n it -w . i siwn t--i I b y- Ai-t t i-i-i-ii-riIl ii-- ft- s -lice, f i-ec iTi-t-- i-e iri--i of t i-i i i-n- iii-t -iihe issue frorn he Governor-i i-ii- andi- eli-i-i- byi- hei-pie --ii-- lepot.i i-iiii- have ri-iived $2--i- ::: t-i-th i.i wahti-b itotei-i r it the $-it 1.9: ti-u-ii-tn- overwi byi--i i--H t-n. J. ti.\ i-tiiha!-t, i-t---i fo rcon i i oner i-i-t ued.-i i-i--lii-i-i-iidi-ci-i--i-li :Stde - of tirei-ilrdi i----tin-i-Ihed.-i l-i-ii-i- t i-i-ii t-u-i-i-li as i :tnstrtud by- theii A-i tsey Gae-er-i . n- fe aebe liuc i-d thi itntm i-i-hi- eii u--ii--l i-i-di-itit i--1.1 titii ittii i-een: iyed,- ubic-nhii i-ti- agitmiy en reneiby the l-i Goeni r ado:--ric-eiy-h.Gnea Twoi -i-ndtted and tei :cth rtee l atto-nd-~ts-t havef bee -niap ov a andi- li d hiit----inh :--Li e tui w::t.- i--- n ti-i \-ame hae-ee tre-i ..ier itt the Atte Teasui-ttre-i txhi-i-it ti E ,ii tilt- i--1iii. s sten m e n m u t (ti-i-ti-Ti-i-certiieti- i--i iitocpn-Si-ichithe-S. biti- tini-i-il-i--n i- nd a-i-t-i he - iiee f pti-i e ssiby-i Troh vais pcii-i ria ti-i- i th-i- i---i chr thei---secre t i-i-f int- ExiritsF si---i e-i-a Ev-iii I.~ tie1t rn : n 'Ii 1 .el (al cirmilion aof inewtIc. r Owien retuirns Live r-o yeft lvern tiad. whIh -r lawiled as fa-: :,1 r.-:0 ..tat'. antd in.t:n~ compti:iies,*5 aelctri liuht c'aa:nais. Paie: l alI f.-atilizer 'al matm"aturin::enlilanit . 4 e'ntretf arn i.s..aa ti i colleaetcornpunt, elbankin:: c 1 aa-. 1 bI I conp:.ny, 12 rierchar.dli 4 warehlue de 4.) riinufac'to r iri e n i 'at d talederina tisany, a'.": deus earnpani.-u, . nicaio-n c--rnpn.: insurr, e, c'mpani.,. 1 i'. v, :alan. 4 w.er W ' Ct. zm :t..al- .2 oil "mil o :;i s. I mi i;-aiale n V I car con'a'ny. l t.arn laal collipaies, flbuitadin: etnngcman tiea". tI a.it amltalc ivmelt compan. inia:compnies, Stanie tmple copany,:) h'teI patie. 1 qpwra hii-nv coipa,. 1 pnultryv anI ;ts"ttac caimp. I cottton manly, 2 hospi:a! 2 dred.:in:anal transi .taation complai". 2 laan anal invest nient companiea.2 elothin i a-mia ies, I t phaeco waeo- opn,1ste-am j-4int c-41 paly, 1 coia' soll 'un hnse' coplllany. 1 school iook sup p!v compaly, I lfydraille mlatator comp:ay. I araaled sehool con v1any. ir l atsociattn cornanyl.1 a: illn: as aociation.l Jf.-nkis'ety c:atch :iin Cany,1 laaatowage c':alanyllv. I kaolin C:alnpany, I rattre:.s and :lring bel 'Tl'e Carolinia Printint. anl Manan~iaaetring C:npany surtrenatre itseharter 12th Ma6rch.191. Twenty-thre' eh:;rter coripanies have increased theireapital stock.and on coap:any has reduatced its calit l ,toiek. Thtre i., a provision in the chartar!law !)y whicchharter ca.anpl'inieS maty increase their c:ai t:-l stack. hut none tat autiorize them to redluace. I mal st rt-lpectifully call vour attetilion th is fact. The work f indaexin:: te records in Ihe olie: of the Socet.' State a has been rtast aHiizent:y and e:-efuliy pr-!zead bya Col. W illias Wallace, w'om aplittedl to continu:e -h' waork wa iIre Mr. L. T. Levin. Jr.. left oft'. la' has ex:anied 571.90) grant. contt:iinead in tt.a volumes and dltcavered 1.:6errors. Grants t,. the inmbea tar -)f 5: werl fontil not indexed at afl. 7 o ther Iateri:i errors wa're discov red . suLch a:s iacoaret pazing. ete. which rendeared the indaaex irac.ieally of no vaine- to thatt extent. The ii"in -:mits we-re interlined. andl the pagin:: Corrected. wbijeb is of -rrat bitenefit to the pea-iae who h ve inerests involved. Many voltmesit, he found, are pillltlCicate, or nearly so. which cales more or let's !lelay. and. as ilhexe's seldomit gave the water courses at which thl-- lanls Iat' o- r.:amlle af' Counties as sublitqiently divided, amneh tilrne wa,. consumaed in n es*rlr;:.ins pon the irdexes dese' ilations-t o' grants as to location..hich is of;reat i amprtalnce, and saves miuch tirne when rl'ference to thern is necess-arv. The oanpll tion of this wia k is if lnaifiest importance to tii e I ont' mid tahe lpoqle at large, and I recommndia a rarther :appropriation. K.I:t*E't OF STATC not'I: AN.a t'Ns. Exhibit F. i' !2. shows the aiount expenied for fue'l to heat the ofiees. the libraries. and the two houses lr the General Assenblay. Whole arount expendel. kG99i: arnitnt appropriated, $1,20) ; leaving a balance af *:ti1. Exhibit F hows the amaunt expenled and ppropriated for lighting ?he State HIouse and :rounds. The ens lights af the Senate ware in baad :-.nlition wh'n the General Assembly met in 1N9land ida not afford sallicient li::ht. Under a resolauion o heQ Snate. aireeting the Stc:etary of State to increase heir light, I hal lte zas jets overhaulel anai male very elffrt to render the eas lights stillicient ; hit drer a second copiaaint of Senators and boy res-lu ion o the Senate was farced to have electric lights rnAed on in the Sentte Chamber. No provision was naade bay the General Assembly for this e:tra expense. l'he atteintion of your honorabic bodies is called to the mflortaLnCt' anl fLasileiiitV of secuiring electric lights fr all publie blildiais Columbi;a througl one )!wit located at the .svltm which wonll less-n the iual exiense of lilits anad ta' nore satisfactory. The State IloAsea ounds have been carefullv tandi a1i! zentlykept anal improvd as much as the aniont ofthe apprpriation could atfard. The flowers were hetter han I hal hoped couid be maaiea with the sum appro riated. The two mounds In te front hell down dur ne the year. One if them Ltas been replaced more iubstantially. and the other Is now b.'ng rebuilt. ulbs anal plants for early flowerin are ,secureal in imited quantities for the coming yaear. Terraces in be rear to correspond with those in rant have Lee. arly cornpletoel, but not sodded. A less ap: roapriation than alloaved the last year vould lie ina'uflicient to keep the grounds in their >resetnt condition which adnring the year have pre ented a neat appearance and given m -.ch pleasure tit riiters. All it,' which is respectfilly submitted. J. E. Tra. Secretary of State. Lunatic Asylum. The State. The sixty-eighthi aannual repas t of the Goard of Re enti and siaerintendnlent of the Sta!e Luratic ay an was male public yesterday. It is aine of' the nost imo[artant of iall the annual reports, ziving an xhaustive resume of the treatruetat aif tha State's Osane. The nnmbe'r of patients treated during the year as 1,1o2. O1 these, 7:1 remain at the ayluml. hae cast awr capita has been .36! cents daily. In |ampliance with tie law 3:3 harmaea's insane persons save been returned to the varions counitiei. Somte a the counties have remonstrated, sayint they have 0 alms haouset. The suggaestiaan is made "that the aws ofadlmission of paatie'nts be amended as asked > the suaperintendent anal the counties be made to aty into the State Treasury a part of the mainte anee aof their benaefielary piatients." An opation! has baeena obtained on a pice of land ear by, upon which to erect banildings faar the col real male lunatics, if the Legislature shoulad so dle ide. Trhe report says that t"the various departments of he asylua have bean conduacted,. in a measuare, to the atisfactlon of the Regents." Corxa'nrA., S. C., Oct. 31, 1591. lo His Excellency B. Ii. Tillman, Governor of South Carolina. Ste.: Tnre Boaard of Regents of the Saauth Caroli a Lunatic Asylulm have the hoanor to submit to yaourl 'xeliercy the annual replort with the accomp~anyinig W . e wonia respectruaity adirect yoaur attention to the intaber aof patients treatedl dulrin; the, yeara which .as t.1:12. The number nuow ternainirng In the asy umn is 7% 'Te coast per capita has been 360 cents per day, and orth ear $1382.42 nconla c ith the law we have retained taa e variotus Couaanties sauch harmless insane as caauld hie ard f'ar at hoarne, e:- in Alms IHousaes. numlaberlin: in a 1:%:. Of thaesae th 'ee have been retulrne'd. Sotie oal he Counities have remofnsitrated, sayingl they have noa Mmse Hiatuse, anal can rntake naa paraovlsion far thecma. t would be well foir all thec Couanties to) eoraniz.e Ailaus nouslles, alintake t'.ena self-sustaining, which Is en reiv praceticable. W'e wouldl respaectfullly sneerest that thec law aaf adl nisson of paatienats be amenned as askeda by the Su-. erintentdent andi the Ca'anties be msde to pay in ei be State Treasury a part oh' the mainatenance eaf their eeni'ciary paatienlts. We call elpecial attention to that part of the Su erintendent's re part re'lating taa utakinag pirovisionl foar hea~ coul'reda ltrale lunatics. The liegents have always ivcatead thae erecting ofI all buildin:;s needead, on aar n0ta::aaaus to aour ptresent itloatio as beingC the most dvlantaeaus to the Stale in every paartictlatr. In ;accoardaance with this viewawe have ala otption on pieeafhland neasr bry, upotn which to erect tim builad tact, if thec Le::i.iture" shld sat decid'. .. (lor Sunlerinatenden'at 1s nowat oraa'nizinX a Tratimang scollaaa in'the Asyua ma, twbich weill add maateritally taa Ithe' welfare of the platients r.nda we trust will ameet Sithll the apparovailaaf the Legislatture. Dulring the year there have beena chasn::'s in the (till' -rs tif the Asylumn. Dr. P. E5. Griilin ceaseda ta he supea' intenden'lt ina M.\y anal his place' htas been ;iliedh i~y Dr. JT. W. I abacock ; Mr. 11. P. Green. the Secreta rr tandt Treat'vrerr. having niedis 5 Idace has beena li11 51l itt Mr. J1. WV. Bauncha. T'ii. variaous dlepartnments laf the Asylnum have been ndualacted in a mantner to the satisfactionl .of the Re' We fae 5l ssued that the Le:iaatulre will still nitatian this nobale charity In :a becoming annaller, na make sneh appropriation~s foar it as are neaeded. We have the honor to bae your obeadientservanat, B. W. TATia. P'.esident of the Bloard oaf IRegents of S. C. ILunlatic stelItNENDI:NT iIAueOcKs r.EPOP.T. Ina his repert tao tihe Re;etls Sup~erintendlent Blab ..- ays: "At the he:;:linig of tihe yeaar thecre waer'e pr-et'is p. atiets-tt:M~ maaale tand :359 feln ale. Of bse 445 wera' whaite, anti :3:3 colaired. There were abt'i 'an triai fairty-three'. Duerir the year 111 twra' admlaitteal. atIl thte nttnaber euader tratmena't i.Ii:. Th-.-" lhi;haest naurnbler of patiants was s andi lila. owta e~t 71ii. 'Thiere wre adichlar:eda 2S4 aof whomIt 94 were eh.aaeda as re'covaeried. 37 las itn parovaed. atunituaproved;' 44 wte're remoaaved. 5' elopaed. 159 iadl: 4ti art' absent all trial. Tile resualt at the endt atf the' yar is 7:3S pa i'lntsa:3CIS maale alla 11.0 f'emaiae, of whomi 42:i tare whtela anal :115 caloredl. "Compiared with last year: 1t less were ailandttedl. :9 mart' adischarged, 5i maore' undaer treatnwlnIt, :10 molre dischareda as recovfered,. ane:3 moatre dieda. In aditian ti that 4:1 absent atn trial tat tile beginnin aaf 'Ihe vear, 1791 ware re'leasedt atn praalatian. Of these 1 'aere daei'hreda :s arecove'redi. :;9 las imparred aaa' nimprovt~'aed. 2 te'turned,'t ta:td Ga are stall ti. Tihe're lass baeen nito l ep ii dhisease if ser aols nlature. Duar inl thle tlprinlt mumpsljt wtere'a prev~ak lnt. On Maarchlt. a twhite fetmtale lititent comiatted~ suicd' by' hlang"inf. Site hadh ,ee 'ahere abouat twot loothis 'anal hiad ianaifetied not iticidial tendtenIcy. Thec veradict oh the cotronle's juary e'xonreratced the eali c'ris tandt nur-a's aof thet Asyluaa. A matong sa large tall insanea p l atton,. stri'e :as ne m~ay tat praeent thtema, -tuch unllifortunate' acidents seemll i aevi tah-. "ITe fto'a'll"ngtable shatwts the pear calaita east f ar th l'ast lillian vatars : '75"-a7. 5')a't.%' '7G-..77. 14 t21'; *71. Ci-'.04)" ' 679 *176..5 i '79-St) $146.ia. : -. $1I 7 ;' 'a54 $1411.: 4';35M tll4a:.; t'a-7. $1*3 ie 110.5');'8 9 -Iring a'' tie call-at ofl I ., the're were iln tila"tate a taott of 1.112 liant and 1,.15 idiiotic. 't ter aite o a ethber 17.1 1 I a. F". Childls, actira:: tluperntendent'It ofi ce'ntut. wtrate" lae that -tha er'ent number of sae inl Suth Carlna., a'liahtwn hay thte praae'ent etna.--lt. ic t9ii.:tand the ntiuambe'r of idioatic 1 .41. -'I. te'tar,' the. aly acita thiat hiave'.as yet, been tabu ttedl relative ta tis cltass, anti the t'ame tare liable to a ti;:ht revaiaia't.' It it. probabiae thtat rev'li('iotill dhem-l on itr.'ate that Iihis e'stimliate is taai lott, site' it is nart 'rdible thtat tiia itlne pltlationl af this Satae is nowtnearia' to last' than it was' tell y'ears aa;:a. If' we ale 'eat thie :i:urest. tIlt iterestin;: fact ptre'eants it." e.f tlatt acc'ara: itn tao th('e tatia'tics therea ar'e 2.7t1 pea.r ..It-t tt ine(.lat;udn a:I epriitleie-to twha. n the :auy ltum ic open't. .INm~.iriTr r'Tat Ane't.'t "Fromat timle to timae whenal tile ova'ercovdeda c'nidi tiarn v' tilt at''yalm has deandaaedt It. tire commlai ioni rt' ta the se'ver:'0 c..utiesa havear leen ret'utat''ed tt relatert thira haarmhaa'ts cuaes ina latact-anet wtitha t'e'c tiona 1..95 al' Ge'nertal Stales. " " . Durintg the it.ar whten ra'coura't' was ac: it laad to this metat urla. aaatat al lire eetunty' comiaflltt.n;- ~rs compa~lied wtaith the lawt 'and r'emovt'ae't th.- patienats Ira liar horuces ''a ter haimae'a. Th'e retuarn of entratnic insane ptatient t. .I..a. ia' .- i,:a.l i'l ...a.tia'e t. ' . e'a r ost .1 tat trnly wht'n the ay I is to crowdel to receive recent ca *It as i.n.vr 1.en the intentin of the atnafZr!O Ilh., ayl * !- critire!z any rartieotar cls< or ,or p-erons eerne.l in cnmmittinc ti-tils to thi: rstittiotn. lt ther' ceertanr.ly miuttt be a ack of up reciatin rof the r-nrpsees..f the asylin. as wei a: a ireard fr tie rlkhis (If irdivilial. whven .'tw little sist-' -4i swtevna and nine ears, res.ectivey are snt here at the same fnti- as insane. when snffer. in, from chorea or St. Vitus's ine-: or when th fatlhr ,' a site:n-v:arobl-v. who had been idlotit "hi : fort -ear. wa-I nilwd to think th-.t hi lo' il i nd l.b- re-tred h' treatmit iere. W r hile stinee' of this k-rl re frar from uncornmon tonr board might azain cal thr- attention of the LOL' ish-tre to the statute which has operated well it Alabam out nablitnz its asyvn to receive only prope cas... Tlis lw provles that hefo.re any patient I s"nt to the insan.' hopital full and explicit answer: to, tih interroato.ries mnst be frwarled to th< Surerintenlent of san1 howTital and nctic- reecive. from hi that s-dd patient can be admitted." OrNTy sttroprr. Under this head Dr. Bancock considers the meth. ods -t n ofmaitininn patients in the States "where the State dos not pay the whole amount for th. snppor1 --f teeticiarv patients." In New York publie pa tients are imaintained at a rate not exceedinz the ac tual cost. and it is charged to the patienCs county, In Pnnylvaiia and Maine the counties are reqiuire(l t, make such payments. lie makes this recoumen datioi: "If such a plan meets with your approval, the si:t estion itht boe imiate to the General Assem bly to conwider the advisibility of having the cm nssioners -)f every county pay for each (of its bent-. cary pa-tient it portion-say one-half-of the actual expense trough their -re:eurer into the State treas try. In this way theability of the friends or rea tives of patients to cot tribute to their support will be cled to the attenti.n of the oounty officers More forcibly than appears to have been possible by exist. nat while the taIte treasury will be relieved of part (if the burden, and at the same time ureater discrimination 1s regards "proper cases" wi:i be en Iorced. This will divide benefleiary patients into two distinct classes: (1) County patients. or those who have settlements or legally establishedI clai-ns for support upon the communities in which they live : (2) State pat:ents, or those u io have not estallished tlafims upon any comimnitity by birth or legal resi dence. CARF fo cOLOIE tNsANE. "I cannot close this portion of this report. -without having cailell voir attention a::ain to the ur::ent ne cessity of building here or elsewhere permanent and comfor tabl- structures P r the c treid male patients. I'lTe woo den idges now fecuplid by thetm, were in tetled for tetlorary use only. They are row tin healthy, insecure, and dangerous in case of lre. TAItNtNG SClOOL F-t Nt'7.!Es. "Wiehing to improve the standard of service in 'the care of the insane, and recounizing the great and wide-spread demand for skilled nurses, your board has determined to establish a training school for nur ses. As I apprehend your intention, it is to establish a school not merely for the instruction of attendants on the insane, but to fit young women, as in general hospitals, to undertake nursing in all its bra.ches. Nurses who enter the school will be regarded as coin itg here'to fit themselves for an honorable callinz, as well as to assist in caring for the sick and ailleted in this asvlumo." Dr. 1iabcock says occasional lecturers by inembers of the staff will be given on mental symptoms ete. "With this broader conception of the needs of the Asy lum and of the $tate the course of instruction has been prepared. The plan at first will be to give the female rttendants now in the service of the institu tion the option of entering the school, but hereafter all newly enraged attendants will be required to be gin as probationers in the school. The course of in truction will be simple, direct and practicable as pos sible. and will incliue in addition a daily training in ward duties, a recitation from approved text-books and a lecture from a member of the Asylnum medical tair e:ery week. Examinations to test the profic ene of the nurses will be held from time to time. . . " The estimated first years expenses are about $600. worK stor For PATISNTs. In Septetmuber an experienced instructor was put in harite of a work shop for white male patients. It is enccurainz to be nble to report that they are show ing much interest in the work and almost daily acces sions are made to the ranks of workers. FINAKcIAL r.XsLTS. The Treasurer's report gives In detail the receipts and expenditures for the year. It shows a balance to credit from last year...................................................$ 11,214 10 Additional appropriation for maintenance... 100,000 00 lIeceipts from patients and other sources,.. 11.42S 06 Giving as the total income........... $122,642 16 Deduct for maintenance..........$113,542 12 8 leficit Eegent's Account........... 164 25 113.706 37 Leaves balance to credit $ S.935 -9 This amount the board has thought best to apply as foltlows : Farm improvements.................. $3.000 00 For bakerv....... ..................3000 00 Bai. for puirchare of dry goods,&c 2,9:35 79 $S,935 79 f we now conm'ider the cost per capita, we fitnd that the gross amount expended on tmaintenance wa........................$113,542 12 But out of this find was paid for extraor dlinary' expenises: Permanent Improvements......$7,591 37 For coai 1S917S2............... 4298 26 or cows........................ 1,052 40 12,942 03 Which deducted leaves as currenti expenses 100,000 09 Divited by 754, the average number of pa tients anti we have the annual per cap ita cost..................................... 133 42 Divited by :165, gives the daily per capita 36i f $10l.953.94, amount paid by private pa tients, ho deducted fronm $100,600,00, we have as the annual per capita coat to the Stat e for masintenance........... 115 SS And a daily per capita....................... 32k E~sTiMATES- FOE NeEXT vE.AE. I have been instructed to estimate for mnaintenance $100000. The appropriations applietd for will be: Ftr maintenance..........................100.000O C0 For in.'urance........ .................... 6000 00 .\ileage and per diem of Regents......... 2.100 00 Trainlur School f or Nurses................. 600 00 Fr patients' library....................... 100 00 $10S,St00 00 The proprietors of the following daily newspapers have gratuitously supplied the Asylum with copies of thoir issutes : Tiux itisEla and the Evening Rec ord, Colutmbia, thbe Netss and Courier, c~harlestttn. Tfhe weekly tnewspapters published throughout the State are well represetnted on the table tf the Asylum reading room. The tables appendetd to the report give in detail all facts as to the patients, their reidence-, matters in ctnnectlttn with their supptort aend ttuch other data. The largest number of patients atdmitted during the year was between the eges of thirty and forty years. One hntdred and seventeen were single, 145 inarried, thirty-five widowed, anti el-yen unknown. 'wo httndred antI twelve had but one attack previouis to enteri:u: the asylum ;all but fourteen had tecenpa titns. For all but. SS cases, causes are assigned. Onhe hundretl and fifty-live had the disease only three months beftre- adtndssion. Ninety-une eases were actteSS$ recurrent. 54e.pileptic. 24 acute mtelancholla and the ethers were varied. Ninetv-four had thetr reason restored, nmostof themn in fromI 3 loS tNonth timeit. iTe ntumber of deaths, anti thle reports of the chalain and matron contlude the paper. Repsort or Adjutant and Inspector General. CoratutrA, S. C. Oct. 31, 191. To ils Excellency Benjamit R. Tiliman, Governor o1 Sontb Carolina: Sin-Iherewith I have the hornor to submit the anttal report of the otteratittas of this department for the fiscal year ening October 31. 1i91. I woultd irst call the attention of yotir Excellency to the Conteiderate rolls in this oillce. uder sorne of the fontmer admittistrations aipprotpriations were made to cover the expemses of collecting the rolls andtiiun:: thenm in this office. Althouea a large nutmt er otf the- rolls have been collected andi liletd, I find, it uderakitng to mtake an ittdex thereof, thtat the- wrork is incompileIte, ro rolls whatever o mtanty comtpantie being ont tle, which leaves out thte personal or i viual recordi of the men. Now, the rolls should be put in a tdurable shape. so that they can be kept f'o all titme and be of easy referenice for every citizen .1 the~ State, because they are nt arny all persotnally ani eely Interested itt them, andI even now they have .-coe a tta:tter of conistant inquiry and reference: and in the tuture will be conusideredl invaluable a.o shtwin:: the names tand records of ouir soldiers. As propabilly t be earliest and best way of securin; a correctiotn :and revisiton ofthe rodls ont hand,. as wvell as the comptletion of those not yet sent in, I would su::gaet thtat the rttlls be pritnted, itn a cheap form. a tb-v nowe stand-with blank pa::es left for thots comliands nut yte reportedl. Titese tt pamlets could bec distribute-d to thte lioper p-ersttns, with the un derstaniing that they mutst be returned to this othee, when the correctiotn arnd teviin is cttrupleted. W het the rolls are comptiletedt :s nearly antd as accurately as poseible,. they should be put inuto a permtatnett dut rabie hook form. atr d I dto niot doubt but that the ex' pen of dloin:igsmcouild be recovered to the State by putin:the work tupont the ttarket, at a. reasonabli pie, if such a step shotihl betl- teeed ad~visabie. I aim gladl tt be atble to state that everythm::~ has worked smotuly antd harmon~iously in tuis depart' menit if the:. State ::overn meit sitnce the inau:rati-n .f the prese-nt adniiinistrtion, and the peaice ot the State has nott been serionsly disturbed ltnce the ispville riot which was prompitly surpressed by the presenice ot the- Suitmter Li;:ht Itantry. There has beetn sote 1Ima1 exciternent and th-reate-ned dlis turaice, as at 5partantbur;: antd Yorkville, which madue it necessary to put certain citmp:mties uder arm': btut lie tdecisive steps taken aend policy atdopted by viir Exelletncy, to itut an enid to the lyncliing oi persns tn the hands of the law, has li-d the de-ured. salitary ,ilieet f preventitiguc stcns mtii thits stat diurit::'this ve ir at least. The promiptne--, tot) with n hieh tile ist G~eu-era Asemiibly mtet thte climsut ol the, troops, for the expentsesiand pa dete"utel lUizht liniintry,' fir its -ervices on the occasiont f the Bihelpviille riot, as well in te asiurarce of youir eeine, that the~ lawa wthich , ratnts tn-itm* a !muteI stim when- aetnally enaled t se rvici' -hjubl be car red tlt dtirin:: your mdiiiitration,. was in suct mairkedl cotrait wlith theL way int w'hich thny have heretfore i-tn treated, that it hais hadi a ver. sa:d utary etheet upon our troopI- wiho fe'-l ti-at their ser' iclihe tettdredwi . . mperly a.ppreciate. A -art if httyear's appropriatior. for time imaimteanci -nd encutra;;lemetnt of the mualititi was fotiund du tmnd:unpatid.(asitmle stattertmeit of which will na found -ls-whe-re in this re-irt; but the atmutrt Iilu was atisfitt.ry settle1 by imy predecesr mr iotthe - tand fias been paid to the tr-..ips, excepting a sitml balnce, twhichi will be distributed winh this year 1 thastbeen the earnest ende:-vor of this Departmieni jtm efet tic rgtiiahn of the tuiti:: fr-es (4 the slat'. under the laws governing the s:tn. takinz iqp the woik as left eff by my' pre in oflice. and finiehing the arninz and equip r nieNt of the conpanies which had already been must creel intos ervice. toni were entitled to proper recog nitin. Every effortis beingiia<e.however. to make thea pur oi.ria f arms. clothinz and equipment i fares asp ro ib!. coa to have a balance !-ft for theme compuni.s. it belt.: deetned good policy to en couraze a iltiteel number 4tf such command-, which from time to time. can be taken inato active malitia as vacanci-s fror any caue nany occur. In order to make these suptplies cons far as posible. and also in c0rnliiane with State reglations. to keep our forces in iformet alike. it has been alopted as a title of this Deqpa:mnmrit tio i eue only the fatigne suIts and leave the cirnntands to supply the gray dress reguation suits. with the assistance of the state annual appro pr:itin. If the resent wise policy of the State of limiting the nuirbe:- of active nilitia cotupanies-thereby lookin rnire i the quality and efilciency than to the number 4f troop-its continued. and of the present appripriation frim the United States :i.vcrnmert for arms. tiniforms and equipments, backed by a lib eral, reasonable appropriation from the state. is also coutiitel. it will iot be long before we will have not only a thoroughly arrned and equipped militia force in this State. but also (by a little change in the applica tion of the fun(i appropriated by the State to encour age the same set of men to remain in each company) a.thorouzhly well drilled and disciplined force, of which the State can really feel proud, in comparison with any other. The reilueed:<ppropriation for this year is soiewhatiliscotraing to the troops and ser vice. but it is cont!lently expected that a more liberal policy will hereafter prevail and it is hopel that we tnav be able to secure a regular annual appropration of s5.0 rer man passing inspection. If this were lone and a proviso inserted in the law requiring a cer tain sttn to be paid out of the annual alopropriatiox to every man who dies in the active militia, or is actually injured or killed while in the active or actual service of the State, it would make the annual appropriatien Act asa sort of mutual insurance fund anl insure also the thorough drill and discipline of the troops, by keeping the same set of mon continually in service. fn the event or such changes being made now or bereater I would suggest that the laws be amenided so as to require the organization of at least one company in each County, and also to limit the numberof iien allowed to each company. and thus stualize somewhat the distribution of the men. and thereby of the fund also in the state. In would also require every lay member or each company of the active militia to be "regularly enrolledl and present or accounted for," or dropped from the rolls at the reg ular inspection. In conelusion, allow me to say that my general inspection of the troops of the State, as well as the military display mide at various points, and more particularly at the Centennial. have very cleary <demonstrated the fact that South Carolina has a much better military force at her command than our people are aware of. It is with pride as well as pleasure that I can announce that in spite of all the trouble and suffering throtmeh which our people have passed within the last thirty years, they now show that their military entinisiasm and spiiit are not broken, and that they are full aware of, and alive to, not only the military record and heroism our people, but are also prepared fir all ordinary emergencies that are likely to arise in the present or near future of the State. Our military force ranks about third among the str.tes. so far as actual numbers are concerned, but in 'roportlon to population it ranks among the first, .vhi:e so tar as muterial is concerned it is not second to ay. It has, toa large degree, armed and equipped itself, and our organizations have been really kept up by the,prie andispiritof the men whocompose them. They belong to and are a part of the people, and are of course in perfect sympathy with them, and are now the best guarantee the State has for the preservation of peace and good order, and of the lives, liberty and proierty of our people. It will require bot little more encourarement and assistance than is now given by the State to make it a permanent as well as a tiorough and complete organization equal, if not superior, to any of our sister States. H. L. Far.Ly, Adjutant and Inspector General --- 0 - The Governor's Message is Reaul-A Good Bill to Kill is Introdneed The Governor is Sustained. CoLxmtrA, S. 0., Nov. 24, 1891. The General Assembly convened at noon to day, a majority of the Representatives and Senators being present. The Governor's Message was presented and read. Among the important Bills introduced In the Senate was one to lay out Calhoun coun ty from parts of Lexington and Orangebtra counties. Senator Bulst Introduced a Bill providing for the procuring and presenting of docu ments relating to the history of South Caro lna. In Executive Session the Senate sustained the action of the Governor in removing Su pervisors of Registration W. P. Cantwell of Charleston, and W. T. McElroy of Laurens. The Calhoun County Bill was also Intro duced in the House. It will have a hearing before the Judiciary Committee on Friday next. Inants--Idiots---Hethen- What of their Salvation? Dying before they know good from evil, are saved. Their death is the unavoidable effect of the sin of Adam; their salvation is the unconditional ef feet of the atonement of Christ. "As by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation ; even by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justifica tion of life." And as of the souls of infants so of their bodies: "As in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." Their resurrec tion unto eternal life is as sure as that Adam sinned and that Christ died Justification is the birthright of "ev ery man that cometh unto theworld," whether of heathen or Christian parentage, whether baptized or un baptized.So, too, is secured their part in the first resurrection by him who was "delivered for our offenses and raised again for our justification." IImo'rs, May be classed with infants. Their idiocy and deathibeing a result of "the offense of one," and their justifi ation and resurrrection, being a re sult of "the righteousness," and res urreetion "of one." As far as any of the human race are directly or indi rectly unavoidably affected by the sin of the first pair they are uncon ditionally benefitted by the atonement of Christ. The unavoidable evil in the one is countervailed by the un conditional good in the other. THlE HEATHEN. The accountability of heathens like that of all subjects of the Divine governmenst, is measured by the degree of light they have. The heathen are not accountable for the light of the gospel which they have not heard. Only for the light which they are ac countable. If they live according to the light they have they can do no more-they are justified. If they fail to do so they are condemned. "To himi that knoweth to do good and doeth it not, to him it is sin." The moral turpitude of transgression is grtduated by the degree of light sin ned against. "He that knew his master's will and did it not shall be beaten with many stripes, and he that knew not"-had less knowledge of "his master's will shall be beaten with few str'ipes." 001y a moral agent who wilfully transgresses known law commits sin, and [or this and this above is he accountable. To a "jot and tittle" justice will regulate the awards of the saved and the lost. The Judge of all the earth will do right. There will be no dissatisfaction among the saved; no complaint among the lost. The Australian Ballot system seems to work satisfactorily in the United Feias wherever tried.