The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, May 21, 1890, Image 4
FOR FARMERS ON L.
SOME TIMELY SUGGESTIONS FROM
RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY
How Farm Work May be Done Prt~itably
at this Sea n-valiuabie Information on
Sundry Points. -
southern Cultivator.
With tis monlth thle catvation~ of
the wni erops of -he iarm conSA
c in erest. Oa y farazzi <-oi
has already rrzi Nr,t working
and should now be in a thrifty- grow
ing condition. The old rule of plo
ing over the crop every thret weeKs
should not be observed. further than
to be certain that the interval is nev
er so long. Three weeks, as a rule.is
too long an interval. If only three
complete plowings are to be- given.
it were better to defer th" first p 10W
ing until the plants have nye or six
leaves (if the ground ias not been
before neghcted. or ThIs not been run
together by heavy raiu-' :ul 1:
givettwo Ow s at
intervals of two w e._s. Bum vm
have found a still better pi:n to give
only a partial plowing at each going
over, say two furrows wiih a sweep,
or other wide, surface cultivator. anda
go over the crop every week or ten
days in this way. We have before
remarkedthat when twofurrows with
an ordinary sweep or smaller plow.
are runside by side.thesecond furrow
doesbut little over half work. For gen
eral purposes of cultivating com a'
cotton we have found the Planet. Jr..
Cultivator a imost saitisfaciory iim
plement, leaving little to be desitel..
The winged sweep or heel serape is
good, but ia expanding, Aive or six
toothed cultivator is much better.
We insist that a four or five foot, or
even six foot row. whether in coru or
other crop. should rarely have more
than one round: or two fu rrows at
any one time. Better go over the
crop with two furrows to the ro v
every ten dLys than to give iour fur
fows es- y three weeks.
Ta~e deep-plowing, root in-uniug
i 11 in lim eultivationof cori-.nr any
Othief crop. which has been advozated
in certain quarters, cannot stand the
test of intelligent experiment. On
very heavy, rough soils, where shal
low, surface culture is impracticable
and unsatisfactory, more or less deep
plowing and incidental root catting
may be the lesser of evils. It is bet
ter to eat and numgle the roots
somewhat, than to let the weeds and
---grass take the crop. As a general
rule a s rface cultivator, or other
shallow 1:unning implement may be
safely used whenever it will take the
soil and thoroughly dtisintegrate it to
the depth of one inch. The idea that
the essential object of cultivation of
a growing crop is to break the soil
O that the roots can penetrate it is
fallacious. Such breaking is one of
the principal objects of the prepara
tory plowing before planting or at
the latest, the first plowing. Subse
quent cultivation serves to break the
surface crust or prevent its forum
tion, thereby permitting a free perco
lation of air into the root layer of soil:
*and preventing too rapid evaporation
of moisture from below. The de
-.struction of grass and weeds is at
secondary and ineidental efTect ol
surface culture, necessary, of course
t-oiiite importance to the
thorough accretion of the soil.
Of course every farmer will plani
peas in his corn fields if for no ounu
purpose than to improve the land.
The value of the peas harvested:
either in the form of hay, or ripe
seed, or pastured by hogs, is nearly
always greater than the entire expenx
-ses of planting and cultivating the
peas. Indeed the value of the plant
ing seed and the labor of dlropp)ing
:and covering, comprise about all th<.
expense up to the time of harvesting.
According to our owni experience, the
-best way to plant peas ini -corn, m
May, is to open a furrow with a shov
el in the centre of the corn middle.
-drop eight or ten peas every step,
and cover with a cultivator, set tc
-stra.ddle the furrow with two for
ward teeth, permitting the other
teeth to stir the adjacent surface.
With this plan in view it is prefera
ble, even when corn is planted in
hills, to have the latter wider one
way than the other, so as to have the
-corn hills and the pea hills to pretty
equally occupy the land. At the
anal plowing of the corn peas may be
sown broadcast for the purpose, first,
of providing pasturage or hay; and
secondly, to improve the land. But
next month will be time enough to
discuss the policy of pasturing, or
making hay of the pea-vines rather
than permitting them to rot on the
surface, or turning them under.
corroN.
As soon as the cotton is well up,
and sometimes before it is up. it is
good practice to broadcast harrow
the fields, using a harrow the teeth
standing backward. This breaks
the crust and destroys the wveeds
more expeditiously than any other
plan. The harrow should be run
either along the rows, or diagonally
across, as the condition of the land
and crop seems to indicate as better.
Of all the cotton choppers-so called
-that we have seen, those that are
operated by pnlling them a cross the
rows give best results. In the ab
sence of any implement of this kind
a common sweep, or heel scrape,may
be efiectively used on comparatively
smooth, level land. We presume,
however, that most farmers will ad
here to the old method of siding the
young plants, and then chopping out
with the ordinary hand hoe. When
this method is practiced we advocate
rapid work, rather than thorough.
On smooth, old land, a hoe hand
ought go over from one and a half to
two acres per day. By this plau the
entire crop may be gone over in a
week or ten days, then go over imme
diately and thin to a final stand, and
clean thoroughly of all grass inac
sessible to the plow.
Cotton will stand more neglect
than corn, but frequent cultivation
is important to its rapid and health
ful growth and development. Sur
face culture should be the rule. using
the '.mplement that will cover the
greatest surface at a going, and sat
isfactorily pulverize the surface. Af
ter the first plowing, at least, but one
furrow should be run at a time (at
one plowing) in rows under four feet
wide. That is to say, get as wide an
implement as practicable andido not
put two furrows in a middle if they
overlap more than than three or four
inches. The three or four inches or
more. thus overlapping, is practically
labor lost
During this month the battle
against grass and weeds is practical
ly won or lost, especially in the cot
ton field. It is indispensable that
th --arly.rass that which comes up
with 1hC lants. he ef(cual e
stroyedL befo t a ..chedt aste
4,vig orous grow. This early Lrop
of grass generally lirs more truhht
the -:i a in Isma k.1 I i""t
tienbl to u Iva-f as effectively.
Thecoug ctto. o thn-lghtsous
especidly, is. apt to b( ,iested
lieUs. n t s'u -'dim d
suc lan ix:In ias.d ?war uit
ingte surface? in \ *ed . .lo -7
i uaoraly cV
weta tt t n -
slic), ~ ~ L11% r .
coin ma ow .Uf h e ttd.AI and t
be more tke tpo.es Itiz tre tgth
iu te sotht ipl.ted errSe'
Sucleus sine patingtiof foa rops
. iud t lod it a" i mjiais rem.- (
2.is oU & ld :oo..u: ot ep
tIatis 1. of~ a buw1 x, cor ht. bol
rwe ilaoe hayd it calld:ag s
il ro d the b o ech
put ou informan sied Ihathe
u se te pros o Z re the
isuresig an ordinaetel or vigr
grdoten~ rakdse. ia adndsis
Succssi plantingsm ofo forae erow
wbees la mder. We nv
s goL rn and toa tooninh lp ieen
theoodd soilgoo iualty.o be cropn
ed'1. 0Me 11ould 111L greatly d petlant RC
I USQt for tha raYi ~ b 01tmk th e
tha is by oedn, orobedng t oon
vte iant iay. oresh.
tha ste o to plant jutouer thev rahe
mainceovplofndraws ofrge bed.s
rih ati r elyoing h lads., ae
areneverLs easily utva o' thos-e
bshould t bedi lesthn3.f
put owtin to oune. rOher fla,
than sa poind t o be rdtegpan
i secrng a lof od e18inhs. f aoy
cas. piantslis to faeet aoodfewerl
roned and les fo r hat hraning al
reuidt pant ettem o otates lw
cr es we The rater disanc is
ien
in all thergioo planth the tipi
ae sroe oie bes t n abe oruetnd
edtu.in or w r.should bpe noteto
blet forth prin mato meo the tred
afirs c bie ad or itre beodif car
the plants. in tohefreh. moi0t wd
tan to plat jtfer o al ot heraijn.
bwithou t re- in m it e lat T
bed should otb less tan 3alt feet
th s hri and he, a an the span
'%'hse i n a no t o hn croun ay
cse. We pol reto fe ast fewe
Waitfr aeld. As a oae o the Mein
t goo .amr as ;-1 oay o
ines p lsse f y or planted ing se
thasn ut ti er it willy afnr
or uihoe and eatter patoe wil
?ned sbolduSot b les cog~tlate thfeL
relt crwer the re.ather sane s
In ar the egon th of the stai
sey iin)ro-luecthu conchein any i
cabsuger-e pre r two eie n em.
siru or lsyrupiy sorlt brersn
te a-owh the mae prote tn
ead. et ma iZt popera cre
on the ritn on or ato tow
aeal dtcancme in o-rg or itndus
inth mid-ntmrt-helnd the rriations
of blcoi.t ibsepobb that rsult
igem esyrup ssln nbe -ates
of te poucen ohites natn srto
mte rmini enth.ee farom e a
aindi yieul. Ans a rass, rouhth ton
ntaanacier isnere the mnus
tialan ecnoic a qespation ofuc
edssio ani maly then will fheoirdn
masse thmoe lawofthenland. exlet unjus
dischrminain nd avoolee.as
let legisltion tomae ogatulat rihe
sflrier ofhie Soth greti mtajoiy
are staggring cndrton weigh the
bihed.ing propes inefren them
Tevsi theseugreat quganionars ofd
uhelnd. inlene, rgunitso and voe
oeion mlding and ben pblictedn
on the laion ofr~ conr,h
henfer adonoet necessri indu
trial pliticish reaflylt oeos
othe ogniztio-nd heo reforat
oflistiv abuses Plticai hav rlt
ofthea pomuetiomn ily Nain oc
teee fremaice saet. Bearers ofth
Mindiydulstandrs a rcass, bugh te
P.k P. p.Co.v frinaintsi theinus
urie and sonomilusionionth
indteiyme and state igo they oin
nose good ado the ldi noLet wells
nilcrP.naion P. (Pricl Ash Pokelss
letr egsart to publfw ish when
tll riher manufctheurers maotyu
farfu eterng ande te eiotnue
Pokedioot and Potsuds txtrion-b
phlves on teser oreastions anda
imdng host ofhapedin ulic oin
Siphilis theueistionofla coodry
Poion Dyspersidono necesarily and
eme olins.dvdalynrde
poiiallarty. Ptician.i wr
thave.ascmto ren frml anofisit
toke for ofice ae.thBeia of Wah
Mny etterst areree ie byte
P.P..Ta Co. fri paien cayin
wth had. us such and asuchv anod
ing their nams i and aing vr bt hei
o agoomdt andthey dio et ell
ntl o. P. P(Prckl wAsh, tep
Rn otan otasim wstreie These
lettes voie ftare txocublish wheln
th a iVtou manuactrerlzs wroe us
fearfuln lttrs and wei dioninue
same, but P P.s hP. (icly~ ashr
hPoke Roo- lad hisium is trlium
p t. er oca sookead has
tod au hkotof fried ine wars of
yphi.lsReumeiScowa hBlood
Poison, Dyseians Maori ad
veare eaomplainuts. n h
Av len G.s Thimuman. yar
gon byhaeive hrtred fr ome ist
toshio sdon onthusiaes. Wash
hiu his we oahroehm a ru re
al tionvi entio e raizshei
BUTLER TO TILLMA,
A REPLY TO SOME CHARCES AS TO
FERTiLIZERS.
cn w -er ,:a the* nerIi am the- La -*.ii'
( api. 3)~ Ti!ma (:l* --re to 1.we m
'1 Md .04' *
m'Ii.'Lt-heiar ie i; Sua L th , o -
f i the r is
ai below tieirgarats.rt to
I urtrer reported to hatve s ai thit
yo :-ould prove all th at you charged.
~nidl qetd from the annualreport. Ci
the dc'artment for the year 1
autheity upon which to ustzan your
ITo e ega peralty in regard to d
eient Liliz.s is eizar cond .Vl
nation and .sale. au1 b1ecu:- thi
I ItyI ~ he not hecu init.:ed fia
imiposed.
Th 'is provirtion of thet law; -!,,t I-r
.nforced. or the suti-en ra.:e
t-hat wheu the auaiyses are iaiilo the
f&rtilizers have been put in "t
ground and areD out of reach of an
action of the kind prescri)ed. This
defect in the law has be-en reported
to the Legislature and could have
beei amentded if that body had
thou'u'It it n0ceSSIr or desirie.
Tlia this has not been doii foirce
me to the conliSionL thit Lie reie
sent atives of th11e people" hon1olly be'
leRve tha t ihe existig lasV were- Sunli
eient, or that the action of the de
partm ient it self had muade.amendmeni t s
\Vhile, thlerefore, we ha-" ot
sid and sold deficient fertilizers.
we Lave detected and exposed :11 de
lici-fnies. as the very repori from
wh1zi. I ol quoted shows.
FoldfinJlg that the law did not reach
the casc as otmpaethe: depart
Iucnt resonacd to tie pululication of
th- unaumfacture' gui~aiues.'dong
!1ide of the ofli.-ial aaysi printing
in italies tho-e braud ailing be -low
the guarantee. Thi directetd atten
tion imi1hately to all lefiiient
brands. it sioult be understood.
however, that the depuutient has
never indertaken to exercise the
judicial authority to declare which, if
any. of such brands were fraudulent.
This penalty, voluntarily imposed by
the department, was, after detection,
put upon every brand, no matter how
slight the deficiency. In one case this
deficiency amounted to only one
hundredth of one per cent. of potash,
the cheapest ingredient used in com
mercial fertilizers. The department
could not say that this was a fraud
any more than it could officially pro
nounce other brands frauduleni
where the difference was greater.
Just what constitutes fraud is a ques
tion to be determined by the courts
alone.
There may be a difference of opinior
as to whether merely exposig the
(eleicency was sufficient punishment
but the Legislature has so regarded
it beciause it has for ten years faiiled
to provide other p)lushmen~ft, eve2
after the defects in the law had! beer
olicially reported. But the best evi
delnceof the effect of this method 0i
punishmnent is found in the subse
quenit re-ports of the departimiv-i
This plan (of ihiising deficient
jprinJ.) w\as first adOpted in 18i
An examination ol our reot since
tat t-huO will show that there hias
been a steady imnprovfleent inth
value of fertilizers. It wa~s nout e
neeted that it would in onie se:asor
esu l inringing every bran~d up tc
the guarantee, because new bramb
are bilng introduced every year, and
the mnufnvacturers of such bi:r~mds,
not having realized the effect of thih
pnalty, might take risks thiat those
who had b~een oncve exposed would
afterwars avoid if possile. W\ith
the exception of the aummoniated fer
tilizers in a single season, the imi
provement in the grade of fer-tilizers
has been marked. Take, for instance,
the very report that you so garbhled1
in1 making your charges. It is thecre
shown that the averag'es of the man
ufacturers' guarantees for amminoni
ated fertilizers for that season were:
Available phos. acid. 8.22 per cent.
Ammonia. 2.18 per cent.
Potash. 1.49 per cent.
Commercial value, $20.79.
The averages of the analyses by
our~ chemist wvere:
Available phios. acid. 9.30 per cent.
Amona. 2.61 p~er cent.
Potash. 2.17 per cent.
Commercial valae, $14.47.
No gerlthis shows that, taking thec
gnrlsales throughout the State,
these goods: for that reason exceed
the manufacturers' guarantLeo in:
Available phos. acid. 1.08 per cent.
Amonia. 0.53 per cenut.
Potash. 0.08 per cent.
Commercial value, $3.68 per ton.
IWhy did you not explain this also!
Was it be-cause you had determined
to denounce the alepartmnent of agri
cu~lture, regardless of facts, and sim
-ply made use of such garbled ex
tracts as suited the purpose you had
in view? I am forced to that conclu
sion. This is confirmed by the fur
ther reply you are said to have made
when you were asked what had be
come of the money of the department
-and replied that you "did not know.'
The report in which you found so
much to condenma. contained, as you
well knew, an itemized statement of
every expendtureu made by the de
Ipartent for that year. You, there
fore, did know the purposos for
which it had been expended, and
Iyour answer was worse than a sim
ple evasion of the question.
You have assumed that all fertili
zers found deficient are fraudulent,
and that in all such cases the farmers
are swindled. The agr~icultural value
of many. brands of this chiarac; er is
not affected by the sight ddelenczies
dected~, but all are published, be
cause consumers have a right to know
the exact resnits obtained. Its of
ten the case that the commezi;remd v-l
ie of such fertilizers exceeds the
gouantee. But, there bia ng adifr
ene- between commnercil a-n-d a-ri
c.lvral Yalue, we regard and l~ tr
any brn faln oelow t.~he ur n
tee of :i:y elent of plant fod5 ss
--ddeent." YoPu, ignorantlyV orC
hiio-ily, take~ extaU i- i rmai a i:i:le
copled in tis wayv to sud
that all de.f:elent fertilizers areiad
ulent.
The IimoLrfections' in the0 fertili:<er
law hi2-e i)(een' aditted~ and pointedt
ou anid e-fforts-. mde to- corr(ect iihnu
b~ut until tha is- done theC depairtment
of agriculture~ catn only exect such
laws as exist
At the risk of again being charged
with collusion with the mnanufactu
re- s I will sa tat, in my opinion,
based up0on omCiu1 expnc. for tE.
lISt ten yas, the Ianuf1 ctrer wh
dehbera t 'Iy d inte I t1ioly tmi
to de-fraud the faNrer is the excep
t in: awl fartr 1 iePlieve thti
temrNitedl it has :aji-Id : I ne-.i b
n you knw an-thi;.. .; "!w
the powerthtied or -ha
V01.1 h! zt lie
trct it. ' n :
Comioner 0' of Ag. -da
A PEN PICTU OF EN T0L AN
A L*-yeIy f .?r!k- < , .e lew nn
Wn n was sre- for Gm)%-.nar hrV
thr- .1a':wr *r o r*' e~ ''
rlin C.
. \i .I. t e . .
liams ofl''L i m-i lle0 1. Cr.
thkolo u.imeof t'1t , I'V .('h
thie tie st tir ;t afte I li1ho
weiaous Crisis tills colIlit. inV.
Sillce Fo01t S11Ute -I; S i- ~
that tremendous i ftecen -HunJs ur
iji ]J)Y abh a mlass of ifurift+(-i Sou)ith
arisats ivere waveriip bpd-twch
obedient-l -to thedespcrat jUlpulIse th: t
111O~V.i thieili tOfadv:Lice thirty p):In.s
and storni the doo of the Sttb i-,
troos. It was usall afotep Ui lmm t
cld lie I~ pre1tin g the iC(kril
seriouct. iid the pleaiisny s of
ir:L5Oi I aldl latriotislill cXprsei-'d~ 1)~
NW .adeI 11:aiptoii stanlding- 111): ih
sie Fort Su bet w-en the opposin
partias. The dager was over foewe u
obedc. the Sito thdept rol i lshatp
ped the t oadvance that h-a ths
pople o the . oo ofart-s throgSout
othe otry:1 no mall lireou . Bofbi
Tiliman rs jast inside the door (l
goe rmt, andtie agdinst ofe
of the big standi ther. His
brecchos.v-r ;ni~ 111105 ' o.t aiid his
dress ill n."L way iliitc-\i VoiU th-at N:*
hund~reds or ienwho WveiQ th're
steshalt day fe the farms ofpposin
parti of the dtat. He was otierfora
because he was apparently lost u
thought of anoething far off while
everybody else was watching with
painful eHargeness the events imme
diately passing and because the e
wcs about his mouth a cyical and
half mocking expression as if he dis
approved all that was bein said and
done. Somebody said it was Ben
Tillman. I do not remember seeing
him again until yesterday and (lid
rnot hea-r of him again in eight years.
Yet thero was something in his per
sonality that impressed e wth
out the speaking of a word or the
movement of a alb. On all the
many occasions in recent times when
I have heard or read of Ben Tiian
he has come to oi y memorY hei
was then.
mClos and Curious stuy an
not r fhm a ga in we egt years
Ytrn btdhere somethin i hs per
sonalitytha impse myeimr whithi
out the1&- spaio a wordi orth
tmonveent of aflimb i n lls th
I.hae ha-dor rad oftl Be Tinlma
he-as om lihto limy l' m emory ashe
w oiasthn. Pnt iPOcIa u'
"C(-losre and cinidos study of h
fom and face noicebe met On ioJ
elishe easwythis nothou hs.a Cas
sale sadof the wm I han n
then havei madetfro it.H is iot at
laroe mjus t a ltlei aovi mei
:nn 1hght He1 i slnrly: bd.
compatly blj -not a ins in bild~
-nignisdr a dblack l aialo suit.
iPobabl~oe t the noicabe hate oi
lnc tis his muth HiLIe .has .( asCa
lyles sid1oft Dail destroy. an-a
gr shutdr mouth. wItt s ay ieined
s ~had is amted wih orion liees
oftouhth o rem, limi he . ?our
yoers l n cuenut. o 0wn andk
it. Thye is ark an hase. lv clas
wo and brihtdeidely in yeima1c
iprsing onewt h de ht
lot his bestfere heon the ovtar
littl bnorste ly estrope. H is
stainiedar acand withut sraynhis
liehesa cis a ith so1nw ined
of thoughtior care sudny he itu
yasdand yoehsn' ut whiok like
it. That easthe an clearly asn
wsc cno andotograp himh a soeup
was mrepose.ad ulig hoe
"his rarther. demonstrie
litte is terho prhapsn-n unr
He ugls oae huis abeis awheni amued
and teyn his oeting io ih he
I eses easily moved thnosteiin~ sie.u
senteancierow m and nt a some
whioa lat drps indun theiii5Cose de
presedcnr ofic is amout down
ia tic of vie audfeance He d
use isbaooa hdoesnme maink and nots
hagl one:l hisoface isiasiro f oe
andethere:isnsomething in it that im
voiee wichlfo the eory.e ie ings
not anw Yoitrkt canoes and sntyred
Soth lertublinme voae eve spea
ingrtokax.ixedetdoetceroHetde st
ue has Liem-y androklend hisl vo
swaig: aftd0 mes aod eadin.a
toc ih uth ks thue lmin sigin
or-asiored. hyanh tues ca-rsw
hertaken.te oet wtr fromi the stt
utenof Lierty whandli will empt hi vo
the Pae-'Pe in October ncrt.
-The Tallapoosa conty,- Ala.,.l I
liance re omnid a hw reqrin;: 21l
pLosie fore prom0in~g l:et '
sll liqupors to obtainl the tat
anmajor ity of ihe freeh' hlers ad hous
hoder ofc- the beat it vlhichi the sw
is to be s-old.
ore na shor-tth.
-T1 Cu.i Gre 1'iun: 1 a.3l
anehv:-rooldta yi :
eatOin ra:ek.
-Th~e lat) Date f Manche. Itr
This large herd i one ofC im G~ -0
Engln-L'i :and was'- foii~rmd wI rin
most cart-fully maiiintidL. iT
duke gave I1.90) gaias fr ani Olx
ford cow at the Dunmore sale in.
HOW THEY EAT.
The VarIous Ways in which vig;% Crca
tures; Takeo -.Ter -oud,
That peculiar n : hese urehi
ca:h j:'. It ,; - t
a~s... T mjaw%
mu rd 1 1so Lat
therV aC-0 !o : ta-f; r.
hundred of :f the-.- were
not. noug , s n , ::ge !n :des it
fi tomto.
iior
a 4. U -i1 i - Or .
So f gOT fm.:J ihn .:s id
al'.):n n Idd4. dei~n.: heirfo .
iu t.ir : , the k-sa o itwhol
0,-ee w o... h v:er " tu hb rn-.y. lilt
i i r to pul .rize
01. 1'.11~i
corn. To as 4t inU the illing pr oce
allgrl:-euig irds swa *o little
i etc Iec.. he hnrry "' C !teror of the
i:.rd b niitl t to.-'h to e
cUp. en. s Ard: '
fC-"# C .:;-Iti
y10: '. i0 -: ..... bd.
uf e th- in, *h~ th:i ,o l dzpend
in!. upon the; :: 4a.)fr wn. ratio
t;:1, as naw
1Ia - I P reptioe., u.4e their teethl
tr I k u u s t f king
food, but like the irdS. they gulp
down theil.r fol unc':-vrheel and un
broken if possaoe.
There are. hmtever, k1N.!- ion. The
rav. or site, for n e ai :
ioith set transvr. :r its h-i..
the jaws w\ orking %, I' i.irg ito
tion like two iandsiO1 !.back to a .
In the jav-s are thrveerows of fq::t teet 1.
set like a m iC la..u(-it nd be
tween,! the.se reoll in janw the f LhI
crsbies oysters andI oir mollusks like
!so ma l uts.
Th carps teeth are set imck On the
p)*h:r-lx. so that it ma be literalV
:li.1 o niastliLate its foo ! in is tIroat.
The carn tno, is about the o!y cnd
chewin- kish. the- coarsely swaliovel
food bein forced up to these throat
teeth for conmlete mastu-an on.
Some fish' arc absol:uely toothiess.
like the sucker and otters
aga'ini have hund(redS-o ehsm
times so many that tiy cover alt p::rt
of the mouth.
The great Greenland wlhale has nc
teeth. it balee:n plates, or whalehone,
taking- their place. Along the centri
of the palate runs a strong ridge, and
on eaca scd of this there is a wid
depression along which the plates arE
inserted. These are long and ilat,
hanging free, and are placed transverse
ly-that is, across the mouth, w tti
their side parallel and near each other.
The base and outer edge of the piatet
are of solid whalebone. but the innei
edges arc fringed. filling uii the interioi
of the mouth and acting as a stramelc
for the food. which Cqusists of ,
smali swinming mollasks and mnCaat
or jeily fishe3. The whaic rirejy
ever, swallows anythin g largzer than
herring, shoals of t~hei sm:aIi cratu1re
being entangled in t4e fiber? of t:
baleen. the water which does not esi
cape from tie mouth eI.,.. Xi'leit
by tle blow ioles. The oi the enI ii.
o1 this w-;al'as m-outh is bi-.:- enc*n
n.ot ~ br .*r ~ a m::t- i t
but h I la e 'llp wa ia whici
the upe .' ee *e th- mo-du
is r - .
Whl 'eG- and *-:b :
us tii too. u .e cee rin:
lUt ugt er anie. Lta sT9r'
b* o nu:nber by thii nas
er:th .tained b', u:!- on'- ti h. f
grouVs out and ri ut forward, mn :i a
with the body, until it beoomes a
veritabhl tusk.'sometimes rieching the
length~ of t..nr fect. Apropeos of tusks,
the'elevh-mt's are its undily developed
uppe in s: tose f the walrus are
ts'". -. si. and so are those ol
MIi: * :.: only animzal that has
t ta. e- c'iines. and molars
of artn o.n~ it ght. Mani, the ape,
and 0 na .y all i reinanits, have thirty
two teeth.'ah hog, hiowever, is but
ter off thn this, and has forty-four.
So ha1ve the' op)ossum~ and' mole1. The
river dolpohin of Sotthi Ameorica lays
far beyond this hiowever, havhig no
less than 22:1 teeth. Teeth are nuo part
of the . iton. lut belonmg to the ap~
pendage. I ike skin and i hair.
The sturgreon is too!.hless anid draws
in its food by suetion, hut the shark
lhas hiundreds of :eeth set. in rows that
soletimeis nulnlcer tenl.
Lobste-rs and c~ rabis masticate their
food wti theizr horny1. jaws, but they
were th1er comnplete the- work of chiew
ing .ifuttiere is one p)eculialr kind of
cran, ~wen :e- 0m or nrsesnou
erzh,whicho chews is hod with its letgs.
This is:. acital fact, tihe little at i::al
grnding its monrseis b eee its tghs
beore it pase tiem over to its mm'oth.
Theisev tIish abob m s foc d by
wra uin a . -'lf "'rounld tihe oct
wh.-ice it 'eks to ma ke its own. iThe
starlishl - even tuilore. accommodatij;r.
to fee .I r~n.its toa ch :nsid
oui. aud enwrap i prey w'bh tis se
Do'0"~ :h- r :w ith tieir javs,
vice. ..ii: .~ r.j. . nt. t s pt aws to
vttTrry its foi to iits noth, t he elC
andi toad their tongus.
Spideris chew :hir fomd with hioruyzi
aws. whih are shariip enough2J to give
Grashop.. an locuists are very
~e protece ith the LI eeossarv ma
eiery1' for 1 '' enIn'l:nuc and often.
too the t ter be ing titted ount with
Ti:' caiterpir feeds with two Saw
edgedl jaws, workintra..nsversely, and
uses thiem to suc-h grood advantage that
he eats5 three or four times htis own
weight every day.
Toads, tortoises. tulrtles, and most
lizards have no teeth. Frogs have
teeth in thieir uppter jaw only-. Ant
eaters. sloths, and armadillos have no
teeth.
Tho lion antd the tigrer, anti, indeed.
most of the e-arniv-ora, do not grind
thr food. usinig their jaws only up -and
to. the mlar:: ts act ing~ like chii ng~it
1nives, or rather seissors. TIheir
moout hs, tn L::et.. :tre a veritable itash
The j bumriiy pumps1: nteetar i:tto it
s i brona a tub an! I bea-~ andl tlues
T-espk' m outh is quite a coW
plicatd aa Ir b'hs fan trs for hld
i'-. :'ire, mtica ory orga::s tot
uite ia ci::,ple old i the mnth~1I of
thimon. wh i.itebon-Iis if the
-. 1 - .-iit 'd:s n e n.i whicit
The1 ei; hn fel ,...h. aspioiadi.
ci:c vies o I, T at pr Ie :y ; ti
.uape .or:t. This creature la: leither
month nor stom:ach, but jus't s alo
:11: abtru, the :udre:ly di: -.ed fou
AiL IANCE CHES
[1: h - e -v r i, Ih w the
i 1.r the
Onder.
-The Fa Aes Alianecr of" 'L y
* 11l 1 '11
c i On. %V: I. I .;;l L
count. Ga.. llb: .
the piluea 4te ony tth.x
--ThIe StLtte 'Farmr Alan-,a
p.~~~~~~ t-* 1! i lr
Vu1 t ;d I vrl i:t~~iA~:
Indth:til Un m. aml the estin
cutu t ti. of oer R'et h.av (I
co-iateds t ahe omitt th lx
-Theli Atr w nunti. Tex ALi-", a
hle oe itn. toy.l a a .Aigme.
diGaes lvir.1i. JuLl E oter me hi :s
te on the in nrmer (f.
P QuartL~ i~iVel e Poh tltbr aill
ei cottn seedj..rti- oil He _ raan -(Ileqi-~
lentolry.and nlo ofardber.
T-GeleralJshEJon n
co(-eited ove the eue strn '.
tLOLld nteit. Soldans ".)v ad111 rs
Ate Go worf inefusl g tRo t . li
M',Lac Lo9they.
-rdiiL lis emale e;iint elto
cro irregularities or dean fgement
the blood claeningt properties; of P
P. P. (Prickly Ash. Poke Root and
Potassiumi.)Thresni mpe
-The Farmers Union. oAt Webhr
Paris La.. favor the creation of a
Railroa Conulission. am edcorse
tye Govror in etfusin to ntept i
gifl of 10 from to 2Lursiana
Tstatedt Lottery.
--11. L. Buks.n thecit aidein
ry of the Farmers' Alliance of Gort
git reports the cotiuted gowty of
the order. tHe sent out iiseen nw
charters in ten ais, and tho cry is,
"'S. i o they comno.
Peopla wonder when theyfmd how
rapidly health is restored by taking P.
P. 11. (Prickly A.sh, Pokze Root aniJ
Portstom.)cThe reason is simple.
as it is a powerful combination of te
roots Cderbs of the hom.e ioodsk.
--The diretors of the Terrellcoun
ty, Ga.. Allihance iet recently, and
declared a dividend of 20 per cent.
This aidded to a 2.5 per cent. prev i
ouasly declared makes a diided ol
415 per cent. on the capital paid in.
Good enough.
-The Farmers' Alliance of -Nor.
Carolina hawe Pledged themselve!
not to give their support to any esn.
didate for the Legislatre who is no
knmown to be in faor of a railroad
commission for North Carolin ol
anyI canldidate for Congress who w.ai
not Pledge himself to exert his bsi
e Jrs to secure the eiy nctmer
ofii the ibeoe~tl I Cog esow Ia:
-hse rook unt. Ga..ti Alan
indorsYe 10te actioftheiii StatelE-:
Ie5 it(e5 com)iH m itts l s recommendinti:l
nimntos.b md ypi:
-tians. :id reet h anea
leatueofcutiv conuntttee0c to ein
cogiut y o' order g omnth n grumd
tpriar tltpionstcontie. ilcl
tr h ~mati party:ind plud
s-The'Grethe cpnty. Gon. iaet
sddenlvded fom upte> yn.
Coverno reon atre oaoures,
Onher oflihe coitiso infe diplraed
inlton s.th watrfonto hs cty saove
the priuriples, is the wrder;hanldren
isanaot Ay pproe wo tkesa
neighborif dockse wereo cl-bosaton
laybun from eduty, dwythe coroen
sight ofse andou wo todiln cre
to laying on the arCltrles ofterlow
bhisared supot birt, he nave harl of
-he falin isrsbof Mntdm
On. oeu caa-t, Sother l&epoyAi
o Whita thaert the denmieralipn
tre ohe dar waos, obeer agoar-s
rangementlfor.kpig sheootng. oe
ithing thandsmblingy.on theoud
ftdecing thegulaxpos -grtion.a
bee ence of for tHe yoopers asie
of heOlDoing ion S~ktfemspCee
whicho ~ew couldno arived ati Ricd
mo swinMnymring ae ctAbhp sta
pe. withd paockf iends. ofhile
ste-ir ring th eairoloueng ohe
tsiuddnlyded hrapessady.tet
mentwit Lthe onrana-Bts. n
Onoftheot curiittes ofay dislanyed
aoe slip water-fote quee ths itray
inherboad. ini the cwatr fhiden
whic ere fnasnlute sety abutr
canal-bopts Any pernd owahopaes
the tul o ai rugentie sipbornte
negoringrh oes were juanaloats
snogh to rpof tddin children
reacing o the eek of the lowbu
turedawartedbas bthe teherhaso
On nerlyal-heboats the Btcyide An
of Whitedal th rat labout Cothes shp
thel othrdy whl coidw th rver
intanen fili tedpin te title dock.
withno them ound orn saby.o the
ats.rTearegular plgrounad had
beeny fenced mayfo thelectingsterb
mactie oulabad otheimbo. Tiad
asingein ateeakn scurte lif fospostd
thethir ruwth hishus.eligo
men it the arrangement.; Onn
othtIe botlite it-wyr din in the
sam e sipws anotheriquer arange-d
men to keep talttle etot frS.nom tlei
in oerbi~:ord. Is thens ofl the
thrued'to. ugesnbre
THE LOST LETTEJR.
"How long it hers here undler this
hedge:" SadIi
She w:l 'i in the lane'.loo
ig at l: bwhiler,-sti
:d te I r L Il n I kh' kt wvh in
.i l mhr hand. I
1,1s it- I
n!. A nos.in th mio t tsnh ail
jo. t: it,'A, , S : t1o. r
-- r r n h that
ar tnwe at the
la -
v lI
fa(*e frui d*-b- hkt brow. half
i -- y (i t!'e - t suinyl hair.
". r i hv l'ongel to find
courale t. I you all about it. You
know ite w w: r went am.iV -
at t he snow hardert~l
-Yvs. W(.1l-we I were0 hpr;e- ..
"W-y' rept I.aed iri iai in the Sigin
ficanti pa. C)
"O, von kIow Rozer and . And
he gth ered tie herries for me, Miriam
-anl when jit gave them to me, oh
dear," she SUh!. hl hing again and
pretenin: t, . v.. ' i-yiit under
statnd xit . pling it all imto wa ods;
vou have go throuwgh the same thing,
'lo doubt, though you won't marry any
bol'."
"And vol, are gong 0 to im. y Roger
WIathrop?" sahl I1rim very qietly.
"Gone th'rouh the same thii"
Would it su.irprise pretty little Lncy
to be told tlmt the very.' neirlit before
that berr-aatfierilg just here hle had
asked 3tr :rm to marry hiu. and she
iad! refused him?
El. well: why should it be anything
to _Miriam how soo.. he had consoled
himself?
"And you are going to marry Roger
Winthrop?" she said.
But Luey was pcnthsg again.
"Oh, dezr. vou are so ijatter-of-fact,
.\iam!. MAirry! Who said :mything
about marrving? 1m sure neither Ro
ger nor .1 'did. Only he said lie could
see from my sweet eves that I under
stood what trouble he was in at going
away; -and couidn't I give him any
hope. and wouldn't I remember that,
at any moment I should write for hum,
lie would come back at once, Just on
the hope-the merest hope-that it
would not be in vain. And then in the
midst of it. and before I could auswer
him. who should come by but Charlotte
Dallas-and you 'know what a bore she
is. and how we never can get rid of
her.
I he would stond talking to us both,
and walked back to the gate with me;
and 1oger hIa oIly time then to hurry
of0 to ct'h the train, and -couldn't
say another word apart to me. Only
just before we turned away from him
he did mauiage to give me a bit of
a note-I surnpoe he had meant
to leave it at the house for me. But
just think. 3Iiriam. I lost it before I
had read one word of it"
"Lost it'
ilIe m:ninged to ive it to me under
cover of ,.aither hih of berries.
Charloite was su2Iii with us then.
An L m:*:e!: *at ' v,. os. crcpped it.
An.'d tirn-4 )''.'4m poeiaLhanker
ief fl ne.'- 's i by acceit and
thouri*4*t I coubl pick thuePn both uip to
'-.'r I em4'ikin' tin t. t. dared not
4.44y too wa a:: havinig lost any
th'ingfrM of'::ro ts sharp
4h44e ph-. .: t 'p, iflthe wind blew 14~
inuto the r'. I ?
"It v'm I I~c rrnlame on it."
ever am . it wni. p4 it tono."
-I tho:.........t n e b'een b'.ow.n
into the' h. le s4m wh.r: I have been
"DoI vo:: !!::: ' vcr is so very much
nicer 'hs Tomy ~ . kno'. inammani
would b'e':mt to li'e 'ia b'tter, hut
DIon'4t von ' ink i i en unreCasonIa
hie in 1inmnut to b(j''ct to poor Tom?
I give anyt hin' if you would tell me
whati to do. ouldy I suippose you ar~e so
wise and' coo.H yso' would be taking
.lliimb hd
-comhin. c i'umi.(&:aio 1'ro. .Gont tarry:
rui gie r' iV '1uni.: vek hen,
Pea ot ;I rs' la:ssio. Lucy, my
de~', rntthe w ill know how to an
swer vou.
u .t~ Lu4 v shoo heO Ir hem'I doubtfullV.
-lt isntat of? honesty, dear; it 'is
tihat I c~i't makei~ up myv mind, and I
can't make up my' mnind to let mamnma
naike it on fOr me."
"DidtJ ike''r say' anything to Aunt
Gresham * asked 311ram, so quietly
that h sn could~li(',1 not guess that
tim matter was tpainfu~l to her.
-Ohi no. ' 'd mannn"'ia once--some
tme 4 ago-imeled Roge'r w'.as in love
Lud' said this w'i tatouuch of amuse
men'lt i'n bor' tone,( as~ she glanced up at
her eeCini.. im vas certaiv
"'u[som tr!'~loughYl aIs she stod ini th~e
4'l'w 4i- suns.ie . bu t so white and
cohl. .s weil fall in love with a snow
dii. L'uimd heard Tom say.
"3inri lu! turned as it to iwalk on,
hbut Lue did not mlove.' It seem'ed this
spot ethe inking'. of Roger.
"Do', youl th4ink 'itiiathr odd. Miri
::.Ia !' h'nIn' heardu a wcr'4 from
1:bashwyOch I' 'o hve tol imn it
was ~ thnt that I ,4st? I coldl not
immage4' it it uharlotte stamling by,
ami I r'anci he woul un~der'stand."
-.Pe'rhami th.r was4 somethig to be
answe"red in' th'e not" 'sau id Miriam:
and shie climbed(4 upD .1he bank und~er the
.edg-iow'. "Are you sue yoiu looked
well for it Lutcy: Among the dead
leaves--"
Shie stopped short. She had set her
little foot ini the big~ print of Roger
Winthrop's, and the glazedi surface
hal e'rnekedi under'' her -weighlt. And
in the crack~- as she steped back she
saw somel(thini that was t not ice-a cor
nerof ai fo)hied hi,4 (4f paper.
She si pped b'ck .:md'in that one in
stnt of sih-ine wa fought~ the hardest
For why' shou~ld 'sVh e the onecto give
One 'I 'in1m i.h stopped and
lb ke awa th 1.b.'ia ic froml abou~it tihe
-4ifer~e is 41r 1r, Lucy. Rloger
-hat wa4 wy '.'n:-uh not u ndt it.'
don't go. Siiii: I '.e au fa!,e' for read
ing it just inere." ~I
-But '.-41i d-a't want mec." saiid Miri
She w:"s:in.'::: :n '.2 4i an her cou.4
tiroigh i .r ::n-! h 'in he fast
ofi ti .1an ~in-wIsnl
44 - - ..'.I rha . There'is
4en u n-ad~ it. I ' oi.
Kono v' ae t 4cm wit me."I
Ch ~n n0am * r 4ea ' +''mma I ovl
1im tile ieage-sucuLa tiny gap -
vsuc l, t ;tte creafture cou ld have
IVle i--d ,r* c(Id not hope to
lulluv'her. I' iced she did not think
ofthe ws. *m'king at the note Lucy
the rir wa t iti Isra i the r1ond.
colored d1e.J lv whe be I iluni himn'Y2.
in 1:i t .'- is ti' iell o:i the pm- -
p er in her-, handj. -yoll are eadmla
Jetter to Liw." he Sbi.
She stood. ;t,,l Iu ihv iral. :'iwl faced
hiim. puI tin such onst railnt !1upon her
s"e1 tht (ne might have thotiilt her
"IS it trule'" sIle s;lid. i U -ou coud
wriSI t a letter as this to Litev?"
--) Luev: Suireiy. yut a1r not an'ry?
S-:u is your Cousii. ant a -'Ort Of (O*1isil
of l-1'1in'e too. She is alwaykN-s iid and
4ood. and 'he loves yu X as the
Shari ini tIlI in her tht youhad
r s'd me. biut that I was coming
v-k ithee weeks' time. when Car
rinton01 sou% have left thel neighbor
hood. unless. Lucy vrote ile that you
hld, meiwivhile, accepted hiimi? Sue did
not write. and-"
"Ild you ever tell Lucy before that
thait-")
"I am in Iove with youi?" supplied
R e "Well. not in- so many words.
h t I am sure she understood
it. 1er mother found out my secret
onei d.y, coming upon ine unawares. I
suppose it is an openl secret." he said
franikly; "I am n1ot ashamed of it."
Miriam did not meet his eyes. She
stood downcast and pale clenching her
hands together in her eliort for self
control. Aunt Gresham knew it! Ait
Gresham had told her. Muiami. binding
her over to secrecy. that Roger Win
throp had spoken to her of his love for
her Lucy, qi that Lucy im her heart
of hearts cared for hin too. Could
Aunt Gresham have blinded herself, or
had she deliberately tried to keep Miri
,g and Roger apart? Miriam felt a
cOld distrust of her incle s wife.
But not of Lucy.
Roger must not guess Lucy's mis
take.
Re was putting out his hand to Miri
am now.
-1 thought it was Carrington, per
haps. who was standing between us,"
he said. "But I met him in town; he
almost said vou had refused him too.
Miriam, if you do not like him, is therc----,,
no hope-none, that I might teach you
to care for me just a little?"
She shook her head.
"You could never teach me that."
- And then, as she lifted her eyes, and
saw the white set look upon his face, a
quivering smile 11ashed over hers.
"You never could teach me that, be
cause I love you with my whole heart,
IRoger."
He had both her hands.
"Miriam, my darling!"
But when he asked her what made
her refuse him just three weeks ago,
she only shook her head,
"You know the homely proverb, Ro
ger: 'Never look a gifthorse in the
mouth.' If I give you my love now,
you must not try to find out just how
old it is."
"Mv darlino, you shall date it from
the wedding ay, if you will let that be
quite soon."
"We'll have a double wedding!" she
cried gayly. "Lucy and h.- fithful
Tom shall be marriedonthatda. I
think that you and I together will be
able to bring Aunt Gresham to con
sent."
A physician who is known uptown
as the attendant upon some well-known
families was presented some time ago by
an English manufactuter with a paece
of cloth for a pair of trousers. He took
the cloth to his tailor and ordered it
made up When the pantaloons were
sent to him a bill came with them for
$30. Hie dropped in to pay the bill,
and, with a smile that, seemed based ,on
the 'well-grounde'd belief that -~ tailor
had blundered, he pointed out he fig
ures and suggested that somebody had
made a mista-ke. The tailor looked the
bill over and said he guessed not; the
bili was all right. Trousers of that sort
were worth $30. "But I furnished the
cloth," prsisted the doctor. "0, the .
cloth. .That is a matter of small con-U
sequence," said the tailor. -u e never
charge for the cloth. Our fit and our
reputation are what make pantaloons
cost in this establishment."-eW York
Times.
Broke the ToIlet Set.
A lady staying a short time at one
of the hotels recently had the ill luck
to break a soap dish of a-valuable toilet
set, says the St. Louis Star-Sayings.
The proprietor said the set w~as quite
valuable, and that, as it would be
dificult to match the set ini the matter
of a soap dish he would have to con
sider the whole set destroyed and
charge her for it. The price lie _put
non it was somewhere in the neigh
borhood of $30. The lady was flustered
somewhat, but as she had the means
she paid the money and went back to
her room. Shortly after her ar
rival there a servant rushed down to
the clerk and said that either the lady
was crazy or was being murdered in
her room, and clerk and a couple oi
porters dashed up-stairs. As they
neared the room they heard a series of
crashes, and they burst in the door to
find the lady standing amid a heap of
broken china surveying with much
pleasure the ruin she haf wrought.
When asked for an explanation she
said she had paid for the set, and as
she had no use for it at home she
thought she'd have some fqn with it.
The proprietor will not be so much "on
the charge"_hereafter.'
Curious Facts Respecting Man.
Every adult man has 1,400 square
feet of lung surface; or, rather, the
mucous memnbrane lining the air cells
would, if spread out on a smooth plain
surface, cover an extent equal to the
A man breathes~ eighteen times a
minute, and uses 3,000) cuisic feet, or
about 375 hogsiheads, of air per hour.
The weight of the heart is from
oigt to twelve ounces, and it beats
about 100,000 times every twenty-four
hours.
The espacity! of the stomach is about
f v pints; it dily produces nine pounds
of gstri. juice for the digrestion of
An amount of blood equal to all the
blood in the bzxdy passes through the
heart every seven minutes.
The work performed by the heart ir
euivalent to raising its own weight
1,000 feet each hour, the strongest
machine yet built by man can only
saise its own weight to a perpendicular
heigh of 2,700 feot per hour.
How He Remembered IC.
An enthusiastic young horse owner
in Maine has several crack co!ts, also
a Iie family of bovs, of whom he
is jsty proud, but 'Ike many other
fathers he is both1eredl to rmme
tei-r ags The otheor day i~i 0:r
pisl is~ n i.....b...;. a. y act :ge
Saskd --ll nt y.ou remembnier?" re
p1ied the ond1 '. .., --h ha orn on
thesae dar as .ur a . o-rear-old colt."
Tne Oinye Tree.
tem r tv fe. but it is soeie as hitgh
e tiftt' feet, an~d it reacese an almiot
'nbulnu ag. One late.ly desu-oy ed at
Latlieu h'.' a rteord a:.re o r ceii
h~~ r~ee a ciulia: .t;he
fr it i-- !.- 1 .u ej n r e f its