Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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1 'HE CELESTIAL CITY.1 d t Dr. Talmage Preaches a Sermon in ard About Jerusalem. How the Place is Associated with the Sa tour. Solomon. and David-Thoughts About the Crucifixion and Christ's Saffering-A Sym bol of Heaven. At a large gathering of Christian peo ple in Jerusalem recently Rev. T. De Witt Talmage was the preacher. His text was Matthe^w xxiii, 37: "Jerusalem! Jerusalcm: The sc&rmon is appended: This exclimation burst from Christ's lips as he came in sight of this great city, and, although things have marvel ously changed. who can visit Jerusalem to-day without having its mighty past roll over him, and ordinary utterance must give place for the exclamatory as we cry: 0 Jerusale:m. Jerusalem! Dis appointed with t::e Holy Land many have been, and I have heard good friends say that their ardor about sacred places had been so dampened that they were sorry they ever visited Jerusalem. But with me the city and its surround ings are a rapture, a solemnity, an over- 1 whelming emotion. 0 Jerusalem, Jeru salem! The procession of kings, con querors, poets, and immortal men and women pass before me as I stand here. 1 Among the throng are Solomon, David, 1 and Christ. Yes, through these streets and amid these surroundings rode Solo mon, that wonder of splendor and wretch edness. It seemed as though the world exhausted itself on that man. It wove its brightest flowers into his garland. It set its richest gems into his coronet. It pressed the rarest winito his lips. It rbedi-rm infrpe est pt::le and em broider'y. - It cheered him with the sweetest music in that land of barps. It greeted him with the gladdeat laughter that ever leaped from mirthi' ip. It sprinkled his cheek with spra from the brightest fountains. Royalty had no dominion, wealth no luxury, gold no glitter, flowers no sweetness. ,..ng no melody, light no radiance, upholstery no gorgeousnes, waters no gleam. birds no pluage, prancing coursers no mettle, ardhitects no grandeur but it was all his. Across the thick grass of the lawn, fra grant with tufts of camphire from En gedi, fell the long shadows of trees brought from distant forests. Fish pools, fed by artificial channels that brought the streams from hills far away, - were perretually ruffled with fins, and golden scales shot from water cave-to-water cave with endless dive and swirl, attracting the gaze of foreign potentates. Birds that had been brought ..,from foreign aviaries glanced and flut tered among the foliage, and called to their mates far beyond the sea. From the royal stables there came up the neighing of twelve thousand horses, standing in blankets of Tyrian purple, chewing their bits over troughs of gold, waiting for the King's order to be brought out in front of the palace, when the official dignitaries would leap into the saddle for some grand parade, or, -harnessed to some of the fourteen hun dred chariots. of the ding, the fEery chargers with flaunting mane and throbbing nostril would make the earth jar with the tramp of hoof md the thunder of wheels. While w" -" and without the palace you could not think of a single luxury that could b' -added, -orff a single splendor that -o :ld be kindled, down on the banhs or the sea thgdry-docks of Ezion-geber r::-- with thehamnmersof theshipwright: -:* ' were con.sucting larger vessel - a still wider commerce, for all lan': :i' -limes wel ~to, robbed to mak~e n:' S 'omon's glory. No rest till his k--e is shdl cut every sea, his axmen .hew egoery forest, his archers strike .every rare 'eig, his en whi every stream. his mer ra .. ..aaarc-hi nameB honored by every tribe; and royalty Sshall have no dominion, wealth no lux ury, gold no glitter, song no melody,. light no radiance, waters no gl -m-, birds no plumage, prancing courser-; ' >mettle, upholstery no gorgeousncot. -'-bitee ture no grandeur, but it wa:: .is "Well," you say, "if there '- - y man happy, he ought~to be." Bu t i tr him coming through the palace, ! we his robes actually incrusted we> jeels, as She-stands in the front an-I 1--ks out .upon the vast domain. Wh at does he say? King Solomon, great ia your 'dominion, great is your honor. great is your joy? No. While standiag here amidst all the splendor the tears start, and his heart breaks and he exclaims: "Vanity of vanities; gl is vanity." What' Slomon not. happy y'et? No, eot happy. The honors and the emolu Sments of this world bring so many cares with them that they bring also torture and disquietude. Pharaoh sits on one of. the highest earthly eminences, yethe - s rable because there are some pe e in his realm who do not want any longer to make bricks. The hpa of Edward I. aches under his crown because the people will not pay the taxes, and Lleweltyn, Prince of Wales, wil'not do him homage, and Wallace will be a hero. Frederick William III. of Prussia is miserable because France -wants to take the Pr-ussian provinces. 'The woi-ld is nof'large enough for Louis XIV. and William III. The ghastliest suftering, the most shrivelina ?e-'-s, the most rending jealousies, the most gignie disquietude, have walked amidst obsequicus courtiers, and been chathei, in royal apparel, and sat on jgilgient seats of power. ~~nor ard truth and justice can notgo so g h'p in authority as to be beyond the range of human assault. The pure and the good in all ages have been exe crated by the mob who cry out: "Not this man, but Barabbas. Now, Barabbas Swas a robber." By-honesty, by Chris tian principle, I would have you seek for the favor and the confidence of your - fellow men; but do not look upon some high position as though that were al ways sunshine. The mountains of earth ly honor are like the mountains of Swit zerland, covered with perpetual ice and *now. Having obtained the confidence -and love of your associates,*'be content with such things as you have. You brought nothing into the world, and it is very certain you can carry nothing Q cut. "Cease ye from man, whose breath is i his nostrils." There is an honor that is worth possessing, but it is an honor that comes from God. This day rise up and take it. '-Behold what man ner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God? Who aspires not for that royalty?.- Como now, and be kings and priests unto G ->d and the Lamb forever. -If wealth and wisdom .could have sat !sfied a man, Solomon would have been satisfied. To say that Solomon was a millionaire gives out a very imperfect idea of the property he inherited from David, his father. 1Ie had at his cem mand golaito the value- of 26S.O0,0000 and he had silver othe va'une oi21,029,000,377. The Queen af Sheba made him a nice little .present of ?7i0.000, and Hiram made him a present of the same amount. If he had lost the value of a whole realm out of his pochet it wou;ld have hardly been worth his while to stoon down and pick it up. Hec wrote vae thousand and five songs. lie wrote three thousand proverbs, IHe wrote about almost every thing. Tho---Blible says distinctly ho wrote about plants, from the cedar of Lebano tothe hyssop that groweth out of the wall, and about birds and beasts and Ehes. Ti doubt he put off his royal robes and out on huuter's trappings and wont out with his arrows to bring down nith his hsing apparatus ne went (on o the stream to bring up the denizens f the deep. and piuned-into the forei .nd found the rarest specimens of flow rs: and thon ho came back to his stu:y ,d wrote books about zoology, the ciouce of animals; about ichthyology, he science of fishes; about ornithology, he science of birds: about botany. the cience of p1 nts. Yet, notlhwithstand ng all his wisdom and wealth, Leholi uis wretchedness, and let him pass on. )id any other city ever behold so won erful a man? 0 Jerusalem, Jerusa1'ni But here passes through these streets, s in imagination I see him, quite as wonderful and a far better man. David ho conqueror, the king, the poet. Can t be that I am in the very city where he ived and reigned? David great for yower, and great for grief. le was rapped up in his boy, Absalom. 11e as a splendid boy, judged by the rules >f worldly criticism. From the crown >f his head to the solo of his foot there as not a single blemish. The Bible ays that he had such a luxuriant shock )i hair that, when once a year i: was horn, what was cut off weighed over ;hree pounds. But, notwithstanding all is brilliancy of appearance he was a >ad boy and broke his father's heart. IIe as plotting to get the throne of Israel. 3e had marshaled an army to overthrow is father's government. The day of >attle had come, and the conflict was yegun. David, the father, sat between :ho gates of the palace waiting for the :idings of the conf'ict. Oh, how rapidly his heart beat with emotion! rwo great questions were to be decided -the safety of his boy and the continu Lnce of the throne of Israel. After L while, a servant, standing on the top of the house, looks off. anml he sees ome'one running. Ile is coming with great speed, and the man on the top of the house announces the coming of the essenger, and the father watches and waits, and as soon as the messengor Erom the field of battle comes within hailing distance the father cries out. Is it a question in regard to the establish ment .of his throne? Does he say: "Have the armies of Israel been vic torious? Aga I to continue in my im perial authority? Have I overthrown my enemies?" 0, no. There is one question that springs from his heart to the lip, and springs from the lip into the ar of the besweated and bedusted mes senger flying from the battlefield-the uestion: "Is the young man Absalom safe?" When it was told to David, the King, that, though his armies had been victorious, his son had been slain, the Lather turned his back upon the con gratulations of the nation, and went up the stairs of his palace, his heart break ing as he went, wringing his bands sometimes, and then again pressing them against his temples as though ho would press them in, crying: "0 Absa lom! my son! my son! Would God I had died for thee, 0 Absalom! my son! my son!" Stupendous grief of David re sounding through all succeeding ages This was the city that heard the woo. 0 Jerusalem, Jerusalem! I am also thrilled and overpowered with the remembrance that yonder where now stands a Mohammodas mosque stood the temple, the very one that Christ visited. Solomon's temple had stood there, but Nebuchadnezzar thundered it down. Zerubbabel's temple had stood there, but that had been pros trated. Then Herod built a temple be ause he was fond of great architecture, and he wanted the preceding temples to seem insignificant. Put eight or ten modern cathedrals together, and they would not equal that structure. It cov ered nineteen acres. There were mharble pillars supporting roofs of cedar, and silver tables on which stood golden cups, and there were carvings exquisite and inscriptions resplendent, glittering bal gstrdespa ornamental gateways. The buidig-6f this temple kept ten thousand workmen busy forty-six years. Stupendous pile of pomp and magnifi cence! But the material and architect ural grandeur of the building were very tame compared with the spiritual mean ing of its altars and holy of holies, and the overwhelming significance of its ceremonies. 0 Jerusalem, Jerusalem! But standing in this old city all other facts are eclipsed when we think that near here our blessed Lord was born, that up and down the streets of this city He walked, and that in the outskirts of it Ho died. Hero was His only day of triumph and His assamination. One day this old Jerusalem is at the tiptop of ex citement. Christ has been doing some remarkable works and asserting very high authortiy. The police court has issued papers for his arrest; for this thing must be stopped, as the very gov ernment is imperiled. News comes that last night this stranger arrived at a suburban village and that 4e is stopping at the house of a man whom he had resuscitated after four days sepulture. Well, the people rush out into the streets, some with the idea of helping in the arrest of this stranger when he arrives, and others expecting that on the morrow he will come into ne town and by some supernatural force oust the municipal and royal authorities and take everything in his own hands. They pour out of the city gates until the processi'n reaches to the village. They come all around about the house where the stranger is stoping, and peer into the doors and windows that they may get one glimpse e him or hear the hum of his voice. The police daro not make the ar rest, ::because he had somehow won the affections of all the peo ple. 0, it is a lively night in yonder Bethany! The heretofore quiet village is filled with uproar ar.d cu'.tcry, and loud discussion about the strange acting countryman. I do not think thoe w~s any sleep in that house that night where the stranger was stopping. Al though he came in 'weary he finds no rest, though, for once in his lifetime, he had a pillow. But the morning dawns., the olive gardens wave in the light, and all along yonder road, reaching over the top of Olivet, towai-d this city, thero is a vast swaying crowd of wondering peo ple. The excitement around the door of the cottage is wild as the stran ger steps out beside an unbroken colt that had never been mounted, and after his friends had strewn their garments on the beast for a saddle the Saviour mounts it, and the populace, excited and shouting and feverish, push on back toward this city of Jerusalem. Let none jeer now or scoff at this rider, or the populace will trample him under Loot in an instant. There is one long shout of two miles, and as far as the Bo can reach you see wavingrs of iemonstrations and approval. There was something in the rider's visage, something in his majestic brow, some thing in his princely behavior. that stirs p the enthusiasm of the people. Theyv run up against the beast and try to pull the rider off into their arms and ::arry on their should'rs the illustrious stranger. The populace are so oeited :hat they hardly know what to do with themselves, and some rush up to the -oadsi trees and wrench oif branches cnd throw them in his way: andi otherti iif their garments, what thou:ghis ie new and costly, and spread them for i carpet for the conquer'or to ri o~ r. Iiosanna!" cry the peopie at the f' :he hill. "Ilosanna' cry the pepl ( p and down tho muountin. Thel p:-o :ession has now come to the bro.. of onder Olivet. Magnificent p*o n't reaching out in every direction--ie r-ards, olive groves, juttin rock, si-r Siloam, and above all. rising on: its throne of hills, this most h ighly honored ern. in the midst of the procession, r lo:s oil and sees here fortressed gates, :nd von idr the circling wall, and here : : bo sun, Phasaelus a i:,.mn . Y, (r is Ilippicus, .he kir. s castle. Lkoing along in the range of the ]argo branch of that olive ',re ta you . the mansions of the mer e:att princes. Through this cleft in the limesene r ck- you see the palace of the ihes tr aflcer in all the earth. lie :: made' his money by selling Tyrian purple. Behold now the temple! Clouds of smoke lifting from the shimmering I roof, while the building rises upbeauti- a ful, grand, majestie, the architectural shill and giory of the earth lifting them selves thero in one triumphant dox.lo the frozen prayer of all na tion.t The cw.t 1 lookTed around to so exhil arai on: and transport in the face of Ch-ist. 0, no: Out from amid the gates, and the domes, and the palaces, there arose a vision of this city's sin, I andt of this city's doom. which oblitera ted the landscape from horizon to hors zon. and lie burst into tears, crying: "0, Jerusalem, Jerual:em!' ]:u' that was the oUly ta of pomp that Jesus saw in and around the city. Yet He walked the stre-:s of this city the loveliest and most majestic being that the world ever saw or ever will see. Pub lius Lentulus, in a letter to the Roman Senate describes liim as "a man of stature, somewhat tail, His hair the color of a chestnut fully ripe. plain to the oars, whence downward it is more orient. caling and waving abeut the shoulders: in the midst of his forehead is a stream, or partition of his hair; forehead plain and very delicate; his face without spot or wrinkle, a lovely re?: lis nose and :mouth so forked as tui:in can be represented; his beard thiek. in color like his hair-not very ln0r: his eyes gray, quick and 'lear." lie must dit. The French army in Italy found a brass plate on which was a copy of his death warrant, signed by John Zerubbabel, Raphael Rohani, Daniel R obani, and Capet. Somc imes men on the way to the scaffold have been rescued by the mob. No such attempil)t was made in this case, for the mob were against him. From 0 in the morning till :3 in the afternoon, Jesus hung a-dying in the outskirts of this city. It was a scene of blood. We are so constituted that nothing is so ex citing as blod. It is not the child's cry in the street that so arouses you as the crimson dripping from its lip. In the dark hall, seing' the finger marks of blood on the plastering, you cry: "What terrible deed has been done here"" Looking upon this suspended victim of the cross, we thrill with the sight of blood-blood dripping from thorn and nail, blood rushing upon his cheek, blood saturating his garments, blood gathered in a pool beneath. It is called an honor to have in one's veins the blood of the house of Stuart, or of the house of Ilapsburg. Is it nothing when 1 point you to the outpouring blood of the King of the universe? In England the name of Henry was so great that its honors were divided among different reigns. It was henry the First, and Henry the Second, and Honry the Third. and Henry the Fourth, and IHenry the Fifth. In France the name of Louis was so favorably re garded that it was Louis the First, Louis the Second, Louis the Third, and so on. But the King who walked these streets was Christ the First, Christ the Last, and Christ the Only. ie reigned before the czar mounted the throne of Ilussia, or the throne of Austria was lifted, "King eternal, immortal." Through the indulgences of the royal family, the physical life degenerates, and some of the kings have been almost imbecile, and their bodies weak, and their bleed thin and watery; but the crimson life that flowed upon Calvary had in it the health of immortal God. Tell it now to allthe earth, and to all the heavens-Jesus, our king, is sick with IHis last sickness. Let couriers carry the swift dispatch. IHis pains arc worse; IHo is breathing a last groan, through Ihis body quivers the last an guish; tihe king is dying; the king is dead: It is royal blood. It is said that some religionists make too much of the humanity of Christ. I respond that we make too little. If some Romian sur geon, standing under the cross, had caught one drop of the blood on his hand and analyzed it, it would have been found to have the same plasma, the same disc, the same fibrin, the same albumen. It was unmistakably human blood. It is a man that haugs there. IHis bones are of the same material as ours. Ihis nerves are sensitite like ours. If it were an angel being despoiled I would not feel it sd' 'uch, iot it belongs to a diiferent or der of beings. But my Saviour is a man, and my wholc sympaithy is aroused. I can imagine how the spikes felt-how hot the temples burned-what deathly sickness seized his heart-how moun tan, gnd city, and mob swam away from his dyig vision-something of the meaning of that cry for help that makes the blood of all the ages curdle with liorror: '31.y God: my God! why hast thou forsaken me?" Forever with all these scenes of a Saviour's suffering will this city be as sociated. Here his unjust trial and hero Iis death. 0, Jerusalem, Jerusalem! laut finally I am thrilled with .the facb that this city is a symbol of Heaven which is only anothr-r Jerusalem, "The New Jerusalem:" And thlis thought has kindled the imnagintion of all the sa, cred poets. I amu glad that Horatio Be na, the S oten hymnnist, rummaged among old man uscripts of the British museum until he found that hymn in ancient speling pars of w.hich we have in mutilated Lurn in our modern hymn books.1,at the quaint power of which we do not ;;et in o~ur moidern versions: Eierusalem. my happy home ! When shall I comr to thc? When shal! mcy sorrows have an end, Noe damptish mist is scene in thee, Noe co~de nor durhsome ni;;ht; The re evecrie soule shines as the sana, - There Goid Iimself~e gives light. Thy waits are male or precious stones, Thy ulwarkes diamonds square; Thy ;ates are of right orient pearlo, if:-eee di::go riche and raro. Thy turrett and thy pinnacles With carouncies doth shine; Thy verrie streets are paved with gon% Surpassing cleane and ne. Ty houses arc oryvonie, Tuy windows crystal cleare; Ty 'y"cs are made or beaten gould, Oh Cod: That Iwere there. Or sweete is m'.xt with bitter gaale Our pleasure is but paine; Oroys searce last the looking on, our sorrowes stille remaine. But there they live in such delight, Such pleasure and such play, As thait to them a thousand yeares 1 Dot~ som. as yesterday. Thy garden.s and thy gallant walkes Cetiulyare greene; Thr .ra uchi sr..ete and pleasant tower A nou hr ecse are scene. Thee tee for e(eroren hears a'uite And evru:'c dot. springe': There evrore the aneis.st Ande rcr due niuge. hir:::em: my L apny ho-me! -0, S urdayn:uht the store of Mr. I ls 3Iorris, who keep)s a mixed stockl ofg a in icr, was entered throughI a ie window and about sixty watches ! wr ca:rnik d (i5. M~r. Miorris niwsvs1 ?ee:(lt arip:an urning in his store, but . LI0OG fTS FORTiE FARM t 1?i FOR TIiE GOOD FARI3ER IN DEdE111tEi. clre Titarlv Stagest2ionst,4 roama 11gh Authority - Profitable Rcndinr for Every 'Tiller of the -oil. outhern Cultivator. Practically, Deccnu er r;dly three ourths of a month, and s'retim,'es it mounts to but a ft w days, when estt aated( by the farm work a1complished. he negroes, and possibly oIbers besides, Cave already caught the fever 2f expec ation which foretell= the com-ng- holiday estivitics, frolics :;iJ family ,euuiou3. The month may be c:Wled the Saurday .fternoon of the sear; when (-cry one is nelined to slacken Iis energies and to >repare for a season of rest from labor *nd indulgence in social cnjoyment. ,side from the excesses in which the casual indulge, Chritm:is i= a scial in titution to be comenxd:-d anr perpetu lted. After ayear's hard labor, through storm and heat, ar1d .,u jht and cold , year of altcrnating hope= and fears, oys and sorrows, successes and failures, .he industrious farmer may rightfully aim respite from toil, and devote a ew dayv~. to in nistering to the pleasures if himself. his family and his neighbors, iot forg-'ttirg tl:e stranger, the poor, the >omele:s and the sick. But there is work of a substantial tnd necessary character that may yet be ccc:ptlished. Secd time and harvest mve passed away, so far as concerns the rcetable products of the farm, but here are ODDS AND ENDS f the waning year that should be gathered up, that "nothing be lost." We rust that every farmer will close up his ousiness, settle his debts by payment or atisfactory adj'istment, and be prepared o begin the New Year with nothing to ,mbarass his efforts. KILLING HOGS. The characteristic work of the month s "hog killing," and happy is the man wh- has a pen full of porkers ready for the knife and the yawning "smoke "ouse." The hogs ought to be fat nugb to kill early in December. In iced, if they hadl proper attention during the past summer and fall, the first cold spell in November should have been the signal for slaughter and the harbinger of 'Lrbs snd backbones, sausages and L.rins, etc. The art of butchering hogs i cnc in which considerable skill can be displayed, although as often practiced it b:s given rise to the reproachful term-a "mere butchery''-as applied to any opration unskilfully performed. First, get everything ready, presuming the hogs to be fat. Have. plenty of water, plenty of fuel, sharp knives, tables. platforms or shelves for spreading, a good "gallows" and gambrels, plenty of clean, coarse salt and a little saltpetre. A large kettle is the best appliance for securing hot water. Have a thermome ter to test the water. Commence to kill by the "break of day," by simply stick ing each hog with a long, keen knife. Every one of the 5,000 hogs killed per day in the Amour packery in Chicago, is simply stuck with a knife and permitted to bieed to death. The water should be about the temper ature of 100* Farenheit-not under 1500 nor over 1700. This is found to be tbe proper degree (100) after repeated tests. A little tar added to the. water, helps wonderfully in removing the hair. Clean off every hair and patch of scurf, and wash and scrape cle-an b..ore "opening" te carcass. Commence "cutting out" as soon as the last bog is disembowelled. Trim the hams neatly, rounding them at the upper end and removing all surploe fat. and ragged meat. Cut the sides or middlings as large as possible, leave the shoulders ccerrespondingly small. Pull out the strip of tenderloin that lies along the upper edge of each "middling," for stsgie nicat, or immediate consumption (it is worthless when dry salted and cured); and also tbe thick edge of firm fat that lies underneath the lean strip, for lard. Take out the ribs, or roost of them. Now rub the tiesh side of each ham and shoulder with salt, and lay it skin down on a shelf or platform in a cool, shady and airy place, sprinkling a thin layer of salt over the surface. Next norning~. before day, commence to salt down in tight half hogsheads or barrels, putting a layer of middlings at the bot to, tilling all the open spaces with jowls and salt. Before packing down put a small teaspoonfuliof sal tpetre on each ham if ycu wish them to be firm and red. Use plenty of salt, leaving no vacant spaces between the pieces of pork. We forbear any further details, but beg the farmer to give the good wife all needd assistance, in the way of labor and material, .that may be required in the lard, sausage and pig feet departmet. Next month we may continue the topic and include the dry-curing by smoking. TIU MANURE HEAP. This is as good a time as any to com mence the process of manure making. It should be considered that a very large p'art of the elements of fertility that have been removed from the sail by the crops of grain, hay and other food crops consumed by the animals of the farm, reappear in the liquid and solid excre ents. The makiniz of domestic manures consists mainly in procuring these ele ments of fertility and restoring theti to the soil whence they- were removed by the crops. The growving of food crops, the saving of their manure a'nd restoring it to the soil, is a beautiful illustration of the law of compensation and restitution- An in ivid ual particle of phosphoric acid, lime or potash may possibly make the circuit from the soil, through the grain, into the iving animal tissue, thence to the manure heap ahd back again to the soil ozens of times in the course of a farm r's cultivation of a grain farm. First, it s in the soil, a particle of inert matter; 2ext it is organized into the constitution >f the grain; then becoming a part of he living bone, muscle or other tissue, r passing through unappropriated; then nto the urine and droppings. Now if hese excrements be carefully saved and laced on the soil, and the latter be pre ented from undue waste of the store of dIements of fertility still remaining, the rocess of exhaustion of the land must be :omparatively slow., It is the duty of the armer not only to save, in the form of nauure, what has been removed from he soil, but to add to this recovered >rtion ad ditional supplies of these ele nents from other sources, both from the le-ep recesses of the soi1l itself, and from ources outside the farm, as well as by e cultivation of such crops as have the ower to gather nitrogen from the atmos there, thus building up the soil and in reasing its productiveness. In these ew words we have stated the theory of estorig, maintaining and increasintg 'e fertility of the soil. Evrything that has grown upon the mtl, andi everything that has once formed ny part of the animal body or has been :red from the body, is more or less| trble as aaure. All vegetable and ~mlgrobage. then, that accumulates 0.u thex far building, stables, wood , smake-htuse, fowl house, fence nrthe leaves from the forest near , not to mention cotton seed, should e coniered as containing the circu.. -isemdium by means of which the] :010us operations of growing crops, rowing und fattening animals, the pro-, ution of milk, etc., are carried off. Afe saving a these materials, resort It should be made to commercial fertilizers. I rhe latter contain nothirg of value to h soil that is not founr in the materials a enamed. A goo, e.-mplete com ao rcial fcrtilizer rm'ay be coasidered as table manure boiled dow i. containing, s it does, the very snme fertilizing ele rents, without the excess of sand, clay ! ond water that is alwa3 present. more :r less, in ordinary stable manure. Many >crsons arc <-f the opidion that the use of !ommercial fertilizers is an unprofitable ond unwise innovation. We do o! pro )OSC to discuss the general proposition, 'Do commercial fertilizers pay the nrmer ' It is no doubt true that some arnf.rs fail to find any substantial profit n the use of them; and it is also true bat the most skilful are sometimes im ,osed upon, and sometimes they them elves are at fault. But the most con vincing proof of the utility of commer :ial fertilizers is the continued and an aually increasing consumption of them. this continued reliance upo: them must be the result of a profitable experience. We will add that those farmers who succeed without fertilizers owe their success not to that fact. but to the exer eise of skill, economy and industry in all the departments of firm operations. rhey would probably be even more suc etssful if they would make a judicious use of commercial or concentrated chemi cal fertilizers. It will be time enough to elaborate these thoughts in this line in the next number of the Cultivator. STOCK-FEEDING. The question of stock-feeding is one that is but little understood by the aver age farmer in its scientific and economic aspects. The investigation of the com position and digestibility of the various food materials has received much atten tion of late years, and our stock of knowl edge is being systematized and greatly increased. Every farmer knows that good sound merchantable wheat is an excellent food for a milch cow or any working animal, in the sense that it will produce milk and butter of the best quality, but he also knows that it will not pay to feed good wheat to cattle and horses, because its peculiar adapta tion as a human food forbids its use as a stock food. The same principle holds good in many other cases, some of them recognized and understood by every farmer, while others are only appreciated by the scientific investigator. This subject is well treated as an article on page 536 of our November issue, by Prof. W. E. Stone, and we ask our readers to refer to that article and read it care fully. The article very opportunely dis cusses the question of the food yalue of cotton seed hulls, which is attracting so much attention all over the country. While admitting that cotton seed hulls mixed in proper proportions with cotton seed meal is theoretically and practically a proper and profitable food for the pro duction of milk and butter, he by no means endorses the extravagant claims that have been put forward in favor of the hulls. .The bu. er and milk, the beef and the muscular power to labor that result from the use of the combina tion of bulls and meal are mainly due to the meal and not the bulls, which are about as valuable as clean, dry oat strow. There is a very close corresnondence, if not identity, in the principles which should guide us in feeding stock and in feeding crops, There is the same danger in each of wasting one element by sup plying it in excess, or of destroying the crop or the animal product by withhold ing. THE NEEDS OF THE DAY. A Statement of somne Imnportant Things to be Done by the Farmiers. Southern Alliance Farmer. If we need one thing more than another at this time it is education and information. It takes education to enable a man to hold a purely con servative position upon great questions. Ignorance and fanaticism go hand in hand. That our government is passing through its crucial era, is as true as true can be. That unwise and unjast national legislation has widened the breech between the two great classes of our people is evident to every think ing mind. If the species of robbery, which can ornly exist under such laws as ours, is to be brought to an end, and the moneyed power which created these unjust laws, still, by bribery and by purchase wili endeavor to perpet uate them, what will be the result ? We see, year after year, the circle of success is narrowing and the borders of misfortune widening. We see the wealth of the nation going into the favored few, while it is t aken from the toiling millions. The breech widens and the bond of sympathy weakens between the Iew who are very rich and the many who are very poor. Foreign capital is even being added to the accumulated millions of Wall street, and England would regain, ny her gold, the power over American citizens which -she lost over an hun dred years ago by the bayonet. Eng lish loan agents laugh at the idea of the poor borrowing producer ever re paying the loans under our system of governmnent, and they acknowledge that they do not want them paid. With all this before us what have we to hope for except through the or ganization of the producing classes? With such organization must come. though, research, information, con servatism, combined effort, earnest work, and earnest prayer. Then let us educate, lest in our determined and uncompromising effort to undo these great wrongs, we fail to get at the foundation of this superstructure of error, and leave the germs of rotten ness in the system still. No govern ment can live 'with rotten core. The. conditions reached by this centralizing policy are the same wvhich have de stroyed thrones, principalities .and powers in the past, and which will ever do so in the future. We do not want the unjust accumu lations of the millionaires, but we do want to stop the process by which they have obtained these millions. The people of America are not the freemen which they should be and will be, How will this e&nd ? But for the organiza tion of farmers and laborers it would end in blood, but this organization says : "We are no socialists ; we are no anarchists; we are no rioters, but by the power of the people's unpur uhased ballot and our united effort arnd the approving help of a just God, we will undo these wrongs and make America once more the 'land of the Free and the home of the brave..'" 11enry WVatters'on's son Eiopes. Ewing Watterson, son of Henry Wait erson, of the Louisville Courier-Journal, nd Miss Jennie Black, daughter of Dr. rho. Black, of McMinnville, eloped on saturday, and were married at the resi ince of the bride's uncle, Mr. Alexan Ir Black, in Smithville, Tenn., about nidnight. Ewics Watterson is well known in Louisville in railroad. society md newspaper circles. Young Watter on returned from aE uropean tour a year r more ago and became a traveling pas enger agent for the Gould system. Hie. as been living in the South for tevera n on ths --Upon the receommeudLtion of the yard of directors of the penitentiary the 30ernor has comm~rutedl t:o date the eraences of the followi:'g convicts: esley Butler, colored, con victed at the anuary term of Court, 1884, for Orange >urg county, of rape, and sentenced by udge Kershatv to death. Joseph! ~oyd, colored, convicted at the Febru ry term, 1882, for Kershaw county, of urglary and larceny, and sentenced by , udge Wallace to life imprisonment in!I he enitentiary._ TA MULBERRY TREE. WHAT A WELL-NOWN FAR MER TINKS OF iT- CUTii:C. Ilinn. JarN .. ii,, of.is Faith in tie )Iulberr; Tree---The .dennt:;:e. of Its (Colture. Alanta Constit niion. Hon. James M. Smith,of ithoni, Ga., bears a State reputation as being one of the most progressive farmers of the South. His Oglethrope county plantations are models, and show that Mr. Smith has reduced farming to an actual de monstrate how much money there is in agriculture when properly attended to. Mr- Smith has made plenty of money and is probably the wealthiest planter iniGeorgia. CULTIVATION OF THE MULBERRY, During the past few weeks a report has been in general circulation among the papers of the State to the clect that Mr. Smith had planted one hun dred thousand mulberry trees in this county, his object being to make a thorough test of silk culture in Geo r gia. The report said that he v satisfied that there was a great deal of money in it, and determined to go to work at once to developed it; that he negotiated with Mlr. W. H1. Thurman, of Athens, to set out these trees, and that Mr. Thurman w as now at work at it. A representative of the Constitution called on Mr. Smitl o inquire of him concerning the matter, and in reply to the question as to whether or not the reports were true, he said: "They are partly true, but greatly exaggerated. Tv o years ago I bought one thousand fruit bearing mulberry scions and got a man to superintend their planting I did this not only be cause I wanted to in-identall test the silk industry, but b(cause I thought the mulberry tree possessed may ad - vantages in other respects. I regard the fruit -bearing mu. berry as a valua ble tree both for fruit and for timber. They grow up quickly, and bear ber ries luxuriantly. Being nearly all heart, the timber is very valuable for posts, crossties and many other pur poses where durability is an objecb. Again mulberry timber is especially adaptable for furniture. These trees bear fruit 100 days each year. begin ning the last of. May. While some of the berries are ripe and falling to the ground, others are green, and others blooming. Hogs are extremely feud of them, and fatten rapidly on them. So do chickens and other fowls. A PROFITABLE CULTURE. "I have no doubt but that the grow ing of these trees can be made profita bue. On an acre of land one hundred could be set out, and in ten or fifteen years these trees would average say eight or ten inches in diameter, and eighteen or twenty feet in height with out the limbs. Each tree would fir niah at this rate about one hundred feet of lumber. This lumber at one dollar per hundred feet would cause each tree to be worth one dollar after being sawed up. Mulberry lumber, however, is worth more than one dol lar per hundred feet, prepare two dol lars. But whether they are ever raised for timber or not on a large scale, every farmer should have a few acres for his hogs and chickens. A few around the 5 ard for chickens is an ex cellent thing." As TIMBER BECOMEs MORE sCARCE and valuable our people, if they are wise, will begin to look about for the -most available timber to take the place of that now being cleared away so rap idly. Instead of cultivating at a loss, as some do, hundreds of acres of poor, worn and exhausted land, it would be much better to plant these lands in some growth, which in the course~ of time, would bevaluable. "I call the attention of the people to matters of material progress, to induce them to look ahead and perhare for coming years. To persuade them to imt prove their homes in every possible way, is prehaps, the greatest mission of any newspaper, or any man. The Constitution'has for years been pre eminently on this line. and for its work deserves the praise of the pec plh.'' _________ The Drift ot Capital. Virginia is evidently fast recovering from the wounds and losses she suffered during the civil war. The' hundreds of million of capital annihi lated within her borders while the war was in progress and in the decade that followed are being regained with phenomenal rapidity. A great deal of foreign capital has been invested in Virginia in recent years. Governo~r Lee y 11 show in his fortheomning message, it is stated, that $100),000,000 has been brought into the State for permanent investment since 1883. There are good reasons, he thinks, for believing that the infiax of capital will increase in the next few years at a rate never before equaled, a large amount of money going into the devel opment of the iron and coal mining regions along the Shenandoah Valley, Richmond and Allegh'uny and Norfolk and Western Railroads. A great de-a) has already been done since 1883 in the territory traversed by these roads. The record of new railroad mileage built, furnace, constructed and put into blast, factories, mills, machine shops and other industries established, is such as to showv that the.Old Dominion is leading rather than lagging behind in the race of progress upon which the South has entered. The Cotton Croy of tise State. Early in November the State depart ment of agriculture announced the crop estimates of its correspondents, after a careful tabulation, and according toI thse estimates the rield of cotton tis year was placed at 6t39.000 bales. The reports of the correspondents, on which this estimate was b~ased, were made about September 20, when the plant locked promising, but later in the season it be came apparent that dry weather and un usually early frosts wvould greatly affect the viila, and at the time the figure were publisned the statemernt was made that they were probably too high. To make sure of the facts Commiesione Butler, some weeks ago, sent out to hi township corresporndents for supplement ary estimates of the cotton crop. Several hundred replies have been received of the average date of December 1, and tabu lation just completed shows tht th crop of 1889 is only 543,208 balec. airtn 558000 bales last year, a decreas- -4f nearly 15,000 biles. The Il--s of 9t ,000 bales from the September estimate is accounted for not only by drougtht and early frosts, but by the backwardngs of the plant and the extent to whiwh it wen:, to weed after the heatvy r:ains in the summer. --A new Presbytery, cornsisting (;fth churcher, in D)ariington, 31arlboro. Marion, Haorry, Chesterfield and Flo :wu ounties, has becn formed 'for the Pee Dee Presbytery. Its rganization wa:+ ompleted at D)arlington last week hr he election or. the Rev. M. U. Breari'y. Doderator: the Rev. T. C. Whaling, tated clerk, and Gen. W. E. James, renrar ESTABLISHED 1844. iarine ,i:1 ::3-tn Portable Eini JOs an1 Boilri's, Saw Hil Iahier, oun sses, G inls, Rri.=iit-ian, : eam-13 boat, 31 an ; inl is i', i:ngi nee rs' aiid Mdill Supplies. l* / I-:' ;. r". : ' pi'n-ini .-- and/ Li.aatl'. &,5~! orr~i- bl.s. EaSt Bay Cor. Pritchard St., SCharleston, S. C. . C. . LLLhLY, President. C. IiIUoDt r.i T-,s e.& Treas. The 1amnron & Barkeley omnjpany. C03DISSION IERCIIANTS, ---AND AGENTS FDR Erie City l gine an ai lers, Atlas Engine and Builers, the f:anous little Giant Hyvdraule Cotton Press Eagle Cotton Gins. We h:av ;i: - one each 0, 65, and 70 saw Eagle Gin, only shop worn, that w r: Cow cost. Send for prices. Oil. fibbir : aI r 3eting, and a complete line of Mill Supplies. W a e Lo.pSt Prices for Best Qtuai:v of G oods. CLAi0N &a SBARKELEY CO., Charleston, S. C. F. J. PELZ '"' t F. S. RODGERS, Treasurer. Atlantic Phosphate Company, om~or~S-cXom, s. c. MAN UFCTURERS OF STANDARD FERTILIZERS, AND IMPORTERS OP Fimae Germa n. IE in.it. PELZER, RODGERS, & CO., General Agts., BROWN'S WHARF, CHARLESTON, S. C. Mr.. M. Ln.-.. of Maannn will be pleased to supply his friends and the public gen erally, with any c te abuov e brands of Fertilizers. SE EKENDORF & MIDDLETON, Cotton Factors. NAVAL STORES, N o. 1. Central Wharf, OHA]RLESTOlT, S.C. F. W. CAPPELMANN, DEALER IN CHOICE GlOCERIES, WINES, LI QUORS, TOBACCO AND CIGARS, S. L. Cor. .tMeting and Reid Sts., CHARLESTON, S. C. Choice 1lou1 a speeialiy. Sugars sold near cost. No charge for drayage. Goods de live-'ed frc to depot. Co-ntey c:ders promptly attended to. OTTO F. WIETERS, WHOLESALE GROCER, Whoiesale Dealer in Wines, Liuuors and Cigars, No. 121 East Bay, Charleston, S. C. WETHERHORN & FISCHER, IANCFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN General Building Material. Sash, )tois, Blinds, Moulding, Scroll Sawiung, Tui'ning, Door and Window Frames, Lumber, Flooring, Ceiling, Weat her-boarding, Paints, Oils, Glass, Lime, &c. Ofice, Salesrcou, Factory and Yards, Smith, Near Queen Street, Charl~estony~, . C. WiWrito for pries, or send a list of your wanis for an estimate. [o. E. Tro . 11ier O.=r.] n E TI A. McCOBB, Jr. Gec i*09 al & Co. General Comminion Merchant, 31AA UcTc1:x-.i ASD W1IirLESALA AND DEALER IN . o -Lime, Cement. Plaster Paris, Hair. Fire . Bricks and rive Clay. Land Plaster and Eastern Hay. Agent for White's Fnglish Portland !:j c, 107- Cement. Jn el.. NO. 198 EAST BAY, Grate, cW. CHARLESTON, S. C. . Wmk. Trn~I.1ing and Inside Fi 1i-. Uinilde - Hard- - ALLEN IiUGGINS, D. D. S., Bildi Material.Manning ey month ox two ill > i -proessionally. iiA'' SAL * S. 10 iid i 2 Ha yne Street, F. N I : E R CH.iENTO HOTEL, A4 r U TABLE LICE A S U1?ANC Charleson, S. C. All IV- k Guacuateed. JOSEPh F. RIiAM, L Wiite fr k....;t ATTORNBEY AT LAW I, G~~ S~ H~~k~r & So. WILSON,s*.atLw MAN, rv.y 'i U; ~ 1S OF AIW ' rney aad C,);c'l at L zo or,'Nouldungs, ANIG, S. C. ALLENHGGINS,.D.A..LEVI, - .. A7T&P.X-EY AT LAWI, MANNIG, S. C. is Notary Public w:teyohteal. p He .mes Reaaurant, iJ 61'S kin St.'eet, AG . Aca'ITABLE uiASUC, CHARLESTON, S. C. OSEPH FA. RH3E -L31XM ,Ak\ I - 3, 3 King Stct, C.h...ton, S. C. Buiding MateriaL. Two Doors Mh of Libety B L . L ? HUD 2. s e. E~r.~LTi WI1~l. -Shining, Haircutinrg and Shampooing CH1ARLESTON, S. C. SALOON - rri AII IAN I NIGIS, nor .ND COLD. Special attention paid to euttin of chil. e Rex st urer's sair. RICE BEER! RICE BEER! Grai22 '17,111 ed 11" ar the so':- mnantfct zr-rs of this de h- Kin teet , Cle stn, S. C.et T Dtoa an::l r=. by :LI t y, cif Sr~c- i is 1'!n andms! 'S'ln, aic titni and atter tie lost a s rutin Pi'O f fSprcialf attentono p aivd to in o hl . , - yc~l. moraa e re *t so manufcres oflmv~ thn deo Gram,'2 :dt , mm 4 15 Fneu. Iti 1 an heli th. beafra. whic ~m~at Seed Eale , an tin ' and~ aftr the ~ isfost sear\cin ' scrutin Ou . / Speiat) w (r ro a fly ft r airthe analyzing inFr - ica'te cons.titmi;n'. It ha thc tasteof lager beer of the~ 101s :!:ver b sid s, t'.addto - - - is ' puity1 a med i:-in ~ gu ltis. is secial ~-, r* -v made of our.e bat di i renowned riginalArtesia wel ate. _ Pa np in cases of one' dozc iin ar. : : t :- pi r dozen; t r eri Cu :i -- y ::rcrED. By c oe am/I t :-1 p r dOizin. and m ca.sks of tct iz n~ dznacat cn<rdzn.Cash n -- bct R izars d- is cco up'" . e' r i. Copyrighted :'ec 'im ooni a.1 pai',l .;p *ed ?' kie' h' 'hv- Ino l -0 - -in. O eO genuine I ha -c al xper'ence in' u'nless cor-re w w c =rr1-arnesai. C R A.M1::: K ERSTEN, :atin n ar 1arir next .tita IA ic e Works, 1n;r t, KMAINN o Ms Sl.aiMsc ae E1D. IIAMiILTON. Charleston, S. C., U. S. A.