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SUPPLEMENT.] -MANNING, CLARENDON COUNTY, S. C, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1888. JOSEPH F. RHAME, ATTORNEY AT LAW MANNING. S. C. OHN S. WILSON,. Attorney and Counselor at Law, MANNING, S. C. F. NI LSON F ISURRACE AGE T A MANNING. S. C. . A. LEVI, ATTORNEY A' L AW, MANNING, S. C. A!-Notary Public with seal. IN)L H. INGRAM. ATTORNEY AT LA W Office at Court House, MANNIN'..S. C. M . CLINTON GALUCHAT, PRACTICES IN COrBTS OF C4RLFSTON and CL ARENDO'. Address Communications in care 6f Man ning Tonms. TOS. H. MONTGOMERY. ATTORNEY AT L AW, Main Street. SUMTER, S. C. '"-Collections a specialty. W. F. B. HAYNswoara, Sumter S, C. B. S. DIsNsms, Manning, S. C. H AYNSWORTH & DINKINS, ATTORNEYS AT.LA W, . MANNING, S. C. R. G. ALLEN HUGGINS, DENTIST. - OFFICES MANNING AND KINGSTREE. -OFFICE DAYs Kingstree, from 1st to 12th of each month. Manning, from 12th to 1st of each month. ' --0zCR HoURs 9A.M.to P.3f. and2to4P.M. J. BRAGDON, - REAL ESTATE AGENT, FORESTON, S. C. Offers for sale on Main Street, in business portion of the town, TWO STORES! with suitable lots; on Mannin and Rt. R. streets TWO COTTAGE RESIDENCES, 4 and 6 roome; and a number of VACANT LOTS suitable for residences, and in different lo calities. Terms Reasonable. ESTABLISHED 1S52. Louis Cohen & Co. 284 King Street. a" CHARLESTON, S. C. Importers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry and Fancy Goods. WM Samples and prices cheerf y sent on applicatiop. Orders en rusted to me will receive my prompt personal at tention. Will be pleased to see my friends-rom Clarendon County. TSA A C M. L4ORYEA, With' Louis Cohen & Cg,, CHARJESTO ,. C. Win. Drmester & Co. H AY AND GRAIN, Red Rust Proof Oats, a Spe Opposite Kerr's Wharf, . -C-HARLESTON S. C, Mhz G. Bryant, Jas. M. I.AND. South Carolina. . ew York. Oraid. Central Hotel. BRYANT & TETAND, Pnorazarrons. Columbia, South Carolinic The grand Central is the largest and best kept hotel in Columbia, located in the EX ACT BUSIN'.FSS CENTER OF TilE CJ'T, where aill Street Car Lines pass the door, and ita M&VU is not exceled bynny in the South. THE BEULAII ACAOEMY, Bethlehem, S. C. B. B. THOMPSON, Principal. Fall $ssig Bogas Monilay, Oct. 29. Instruction thorough. governmeniwt mild and decisive. appeahng generally to thfe student's sense of honor and judgment in the important miatte'r of punctuality, de portment. diligen~e, &c. Moral anud social induenlces good. LOCATJOXV F1.SJ Truition fromi $1.O00 to $2.00 per month. Board in good families 27.00 per month. Board from Monday to Friday per month $3.00 tot4.00. pi-For further particulars, ad lra4 th Frincipal. IO . Dinkins & Co., Druuists ud Phannacists, PURE DRUGS AND MEDICINES, PERFUMERY, STATIONERY, FINE CIGARS AND TOBACCO.. Full stock of -PAIrs, Ou~s, GL~ASS VAnInBHE and WHrrE LIan, also Pamr and WanrWASH BRUSHES. SAn elegant stock of SPECTACLES and EYE GLASSES. No charge made for fitting the eye. Physicians Prescriptions carefully compounded, day or night. J. 6, Diokins & Co., 'Sign of the Golden Mortar, M AI4NN SL C. THE MESSAGE 1RANSMITTED TO CONGRESS BY THE PRESIDENT AN IN'DERESTING DOCUMENT. URVIEW OF .TE COUNTRY FOR AN HUNDRED YEARS. Pride and satisfaction at the Picture of Our Growth and Prosperity-His Views on the Tariff as Related to 'W Eonom Cal Administration-He Speaks of the Sackville Affair in Sorrowfuli Terms. His Plans for the Abolishment of Trusts. Wasanteo'ro, Dec. 3.-President Cleve land's message was presented to Congress to-day. The document contains about ten thousand words. The main points touched are herewith given: To the Congress of the United States. As you assemble for the discharge of the duties you have assumed as the represen tatives of a free and generous people, your meeting is marked by an interesting and. impressive incident. With the expir of the present session of the Congre first century of our constitutio - tence as a nation will be complete Our survival for one hundred rs is not sufficient to assure us that we no longer have dangersto fear in the maintenance, with all its promised blessings, of a gov ernment founded upon the freedom of the people. The time rather admonishes usto soberly inquire whethbr in -the past we have always closely kept in the course of safety, and whether we have before us a way plain and clear which leads to happi ness and perpetuity. When the experiment of our Government was undertaken, the chart adopted for our guidance was the Constitution. Depart ure from the lInes there laid down is fail are. It is only by a strict adherence to the direction they indicate and by restraint within the limitations they fix, thatwe can furnish proof to the world of the fitness of the American people for self-government. The equal and exact justice of which we boast as the underlying principles of our institutions, should not be confined to the relations of our citizens to each other. The Government itself is under bond to the American people, that in the exercise of its functions and powers it will deal with.the body of our citizens in a manner scrupulouslyhonest and fair and absolutely just. It has agreed that American citizen ship shall be the only credential necessary .to justify the claim of equality before the law, and that no condition in life shall give rise to discrimination in the treatment of the people by their Government. The citizen of our Republic in its early days rigidly insisted upon full compliance with the letter of this bond, and saw strotching out before him a clear field for Individual endeavor. His tribute to the support of his Government was measured by the - cost of its eeonomical maintenance, and he was se cure in the enjoyment of the remaining recompense of his steady and contented toll. In those days the frugality of the people was stamped upon their Govern ment, and was enforced by the free, thoughtful, and intelligent suffrage of the etizen. Combinations, monopolies, and aggregations of people were either avoided or sternly regulated and restrained. The pomp and glitter of Governments less free, offered no temptation and presented no de usion to the plain people who, side by side, in friendly competition, wrought for the ennoblement and dignity of man, for the solution of the problem of free govern ment, and for the achievement of the grand destiny awaiting the land which God had given them. A century has passed. Our cities are the abiding places of wealth and luxury; our manufactories yield fortunes never dreamed of by the fathers of the Republic; our business men are madly striving in the race for riches, and immense aggrega tions of capital outrun the Imagination in the ~magnitude of their undertakin. We view with pride and satisfaction this bright picture of our country's growth and prosperity, while only a closer scrutiny de velops a sombre shading. Upon more eareful inspection we find wealth and luxury of our cities mingled With poverty and wretchedness and unremunerative toiL A crowded and constantly increas g urban population suggests the impov erishment of rural sectionb, and discon tent - with agricultural pursults. The farmer's son, note - satiaded with. his. father's simple and laborious lifer joins eaercase for easily-acquired wealth. We discover. tat the .fortunes reabzed by ounr manufacturers are ho longer solely the reward of stm-dy industry nnd en lightened 'for'esight,.but th'~t they result from the discriminating fav.r nf the Gov ernent, and are largely tua upon undue exactions from the masses of our people. The gulf between employers and the em ployd is constantly widening and classes are rapidly forming, one comprising the very rich and powerful, while in another are found tl:o toiling poor. As we view the- achievements of aggre gatediptail, we discover the existence of trusts, combinations, and mnonopolies, while the citizen is struggling far In the rear or is .trampled to death beneath an Iron heeL .'Corporatins, which should be the carefu1lly-restrained creatures of the law and the servants of the people, are fast becoming the people's mnasters. Still congratulating ourselves upon the wealth -and prosperity of our country, and complacently contemplating every incident of change inseperable from these conditions, it Is our du~y as patriotic citizens to inquire, at the present stage of our progress, how the bond of the Government made wvith the people has been kept and performed. Instead of limiting the tribute drawn from oir citizens, to the necessities of an economical administration, tho Govern met persists in exacting, from the sub stance of the people, millions which un applied and useless ire aormant In its Treasury. This flagrant injustice and this broach of faith and obligation add to ex tortion the danger attending the diversion of the currency of the country from the legitimate channels of business. Undr the same laws by which these re sults are produced, the Government per mits many millions more to be added to the cost of the living of our people and to be taken froil our consumers, which un reasonably swell the profits of a small but powerful minority. Te people must still be taxed for the support of the Government under the operation of tariff laws. But to the ex tent that the mass of our citizens are in ordinately burdened beyond any useful public purpose, and for the benefit of a favored few, the Gjoverument, under pro. text of an exercise of its taxing power, en ters gratuitously In to a partnership with these favorites, to their advantage and to the injury of a'vast majority of our people. This is not equality before the law. Ihe existing situation is injurious to the health of our entIre oodyV-politic. It sti fles, in those for whose beinefit it is permii ted, all patriotic love of country, and substi, tte in its place selfish greed and grasp ng avarice. Devotion to American citI zenship for its own sake and for what it should accomplish as a motive to our na tion's ndvancemient and the liapplines of all our people, is displaced by the assumption that the Government. instead of being thbe embodiment of equality, is but an iistru mentality through which especial and indi vidual advan:tagea are to be gained. The grievances of those not included within the circle of thiese bciienciaries, when fully realized, will surely arouse ir r4tmna nd disoontat. Our farmers. long-suffering and patient, strugeuing in the race of l fe with the nardest and most unremitting toil, will not fail to see, in spite of misrepresentations and misleading fallacies, that they are obliged to accept such prices f->r their products as aro lixed in foreign markets where they compete with the farmers of tho world; that their lands are declining in value while their debts increase; and that without compen sating favor they are forced by the action of the Government to pay, for the benefit of others, such enhanced prices for the things they need, that the scanty return of their labor fail to furnish their support or leave no margin for accumulation. Our woraingmen, enfrrnchised from all delusions and no longer frightened by the cry that their wages are endangered by a just revision cf our tariff laws, will reason ably demand through such revision steadier employment, cheaiier means of living in honres, freedom for themselves and their children from the doom of pepetual servi tude, and an open door to their advance ment beyond the limits of a laboring class. Others of our citizens -whose comforts and expenditures.are measured by maer ate salaries and fixed incomes, will .asist upon the fairness and justice of cheapen ing the cost of necessaries for themselves and their families. When to the selfishness of the beneficia ries of unjust discrimination under our laws there shall be added the discontent cf 1 those who suffer from such discrimination, we will realize the fact that the beneficent purposes of our Government, dependent upon the patriotism and contentment of our people, are endangered. A just and sensible revision of our tariff laws should be made-for the 'relief of those of our countrymen who suffer under pres :ent conditions. Such a revision shoal re sve the support of all who love that jus ice sad equality due to American citizen ship. The necessity of the reduction of our revenue is-so apparent- as tohe@ generally conceded. But 'the mzaefgay which this end sball no accomplisheddghd the sum of direct benefit which sbh result to our cit izens, present a controversy of the utmost importan:e. There should be no scheme accepted as satisfactory by which the bur tiens of the people are only apparently re moved. Extravagant apoprntions of public money, with all then deneralizing consequences, should not be tolerated, either as a means of relieving the Treasury of its present surplus, or - as furnishing pretext for resisting a proper reduction it. tariff rates.. Existing evils 4nd injustices snould be honestly recognized, boldly met, and effectively remedied. There should be no cessation of the struggle until a plan Is perfected, fair and conservative toward existing industries, but which will reduce the cost to consumers of the necessaries of Wne, while it provides for our manufac turers the advantage of freer raw mater ials and permits no injury to the interests of American labor. the cause for which the battle Is waged is comprised within lines clearly and dis tinctly defined. It should never ne com promised. It is the people's cause. It cannot be denied that the selfish and private interests whicia are so persistently heard, when efforts are made to deal in a just and comprehensive manner with our tariff laws, are related to, if they are not respons:ble for, the sentiment largely pre vailing among the people, that the General Government is the fountain of individual and private aid; that ;t may be expected to relieve with paternal care the distress of citizens and communities, and that from the fullness of its Treasury it should, upon the slightest possible pretext of promoting the genevesegood, apply puolic funds-to the beneit of localities aid individuals. Nor can it be denied that there is a growing as sumption that, as against the Government and in favor of private claims and inter ests, the usual rules and imitations of busines* pripciples and just dealing should be waived. These Ideas have been unhappily much encouraged - "legislative acquaintauca. Iteiief from ontracts with tie Govern ment is too etsihy4 orded in favor of the citizen; the falm to support claims against the Government by proof, is often supplied by no better consideration than tne wealth of the Government and the pov- t erty of tie claimant; gratuities in the form of pensions are granted upon no other .real ground than the needy condition of the .applicant, or for reasons less valid: and 'large sums are expended for public build ings and other improvements upon repre sentations scarcely claimed to be related to public needs and necessitits. The extent to which the consideration, of such matters subordinate and postpoue: action upon subjects' of great public inm portance, but imvolving no special, private: or partsan interest, should arrest atten tion and lead to reformation. A few of the numerous illustrations or tis condition may be stated. The crowvded condition of .the calendar of the Supreme Court, and the delay to suitors and the denial of -justice resuit'ng therefrom, bas been-strongly .urged upon the notice o1 Congress, with a. plan for the relief of sio.ituationr approved by those well anle to ju ge of. its merits. IA bile this subject rem-aurs without effect've consader atin man:y laws have been passed provid ing for thre hodiing of terms of inferior courts at phmces to suit the coniveience of locaties, or to lay the founaation of au ap plieation for the erect oni of a new publice building. Repeateid recoimmendatrins have been sum:ttid for the amnendnit and chianigc of laws relat rig to our' puiblic lanrds sO thai their snoliationi and divers~on to other uses iliim.' hromes for setti'rs might bo prevented. W1hi.e a measure to meet tis conceded niecessity of reform reimains awating tie aictioni of C'ongr'ess, man y claims to the pubrhi lanrds arid applircations for thecr dioniauin, iin favor of Stat~es and ndviduarls, hava L-eenr allowed.' A rnan mi ard of Inidin mranement, recoimnenided by thiose wvell informed, as cnta r:nig valuable'i features in furtte r aire of the sclnn icof thie Id ian piro rm. tias thus far' lalied of iemsltive. sane tiori, while gr'aints of doubtful expiedieucy to railr'oa t'i tcoriorationrs, piermitting them to pass i riugh Irrni 'u'e'i va trurn, have greaUY iu t'lied. Tihe p~'rriety~ anid necessity of the erec tioni oi ore or morr pr'iso':s i or tire conineu-I ment of Unrited States conric:s, and a post ofire hull d~ n rute inauonai caital, are not disLputed. lBut tlreso needs yet reman~ii unaswer'd, w0:re scores ol pubne butid rgs h.rve b.:eni erected where their nees sity for pu1ulec orposes is riot aipparenti. A revrsico 0! our penison laws could eras fly be miade, whici would resi. upon JUt prinlplCs rind p)rvide for ev woirh appl:eanit. But whire our generrnl peasron laws remnrain conifusedi and rrupericet, hunr drds of privarrr pernsion laws ar., annui~ally' passed, wich are the soui'ces of udjust diar:i~ntorn and popular demiorai.za Apprropriation bdis for thre suppor't of the Gover'nmnirit are deface~d by items and provisions to meet privat: ends, anid itis freely asser'ted by responis blio arid epar'i enced parties tiut a b.l1 aprpropiatr.g money for publid internal unpr'ovemernt woud fail tor meet w.tii favor, un~ess it conta:nedJ items miore for local arid pr'ivate advantage thrain for public bonell. And yet the people wait aind expect frorr their chosen r'epresenitat~vs such patriotic action as will adynniee the welfare of the ent:i'e country; aid this expectation carn only ho anrswered by tire pierformance of public duty with unseliih purpose. Our mission among the nations of the earth, and our success in the work God has given the American peop'.e to do, require of those In trusted with the making and execution of our laws perfect devotion, above all other thigs, to Mie public good. In pursuance of a constitutional provis ron requiring the President, from time to time, to give to the Congress information of the statt-of the Union, I have the satis faction to announce that the close of the year linds the United States in the enjoy ment of domestic tranquility and at peace with all nations. Since my last annual message our for egn relations have been strengthened and improved by performance of international good offices and by new and renewed treaties of auutty, commerce, and recipro cal extradit'on of criminals. Those international questions which still await settiamant aro all reasonably within the don-in of amicable nogotiation, and there is no existing subject of dispute be tween the United States and any foreign power that :s not susceptible of satisfac tory adjustment by frank diplomatic treat ment. The questions between Great Brltain and the United States relating to the rights of American fisherme:, under treaty and international coinity, in the Territorial waters of Canada and Newfoundland, I re gret to say, are not yet satisfactorily -d lusted. These matters were fully treated in my message of Febrnary 20, ISSS, together with whicn a convention, concluded under my authority with Her Majesty's Govern ment on the 15th of February last, for the removal of all causes of misunderstanding, was submitted by me for the approval of the Senate. This treaty having been rejected by the Senate, 1 transmitted a message to Con gress, on the 23 of August last, reviewing the transactions and submitting for con sideration certain recommendations for legislation concerning the important ques tions in7olved. Afterwards, on the 12th of September, in response to a resolution of the Senate, I again communicated fully all tue in formation in my possession as to the ac tion of the Government of Canada affecting the commercial relations between the Do minion and the United States including the treatment of American fshing ves sels in the ports and waters of British North America. These communications have all been published. and therefore open to the knowledge of both Houses of Congress, tI though two were addressed to the Senate alone. Having essayed, in Ihe discharge of my duty to procure by negotiation the settle ment of a long-standing cause of dispute, and to remove a cons'ant menace to the good relations of the two conitries, and continuing to be of the opinion that the treaty of February last, which failed to receive the approval of the Sena:e, did supply "a satisfactory, practical, and final adjustment upon a basis honorable and just to both parties of the difficult and vexed question to which it is related," and havig subsequently and unavailing'y recommended other legislation to Congress which I hoped would suffi-:e to meet the exigency created by the rejection of the treaty, I now again invoke the earnest and immediate attention of Congress to the condition of this important question as it now stands before them and the country, and for the settlement of which I am deeply solicitous. Near the close of the month of October last, occurrenchs of a deeply regrettable nature were brought to my knowledge, which made it my painful but imperative duty to obtain, with as little delay as pos sible. a new personal channel of diplomatic interourse in this country with the Gov ernment of Great Britain. The correspondence in relation to this incident will in due course be laid before you, and will disclose the unpardonable conduct of the official referred to in his in terference by advice and counsel with the suffrages of American citizens in the very crisis of the Presidential election then near at hand, and also in his subsequent publ:o declarations to justify his action, superad ding impugnent of the Executive and Sen ate of the United States, in connection with imporitant questions now pending in controversy between two Governments. The offense thus cummitted was most grave, involving disastrous possibilities to the good relations of the United States and Great Britain, constituting a gross breach of diplomatic privilege and an invasion of the purely domestic affairs and essential sovereignty of ;he Government towhich the envoy was at-credited. Having first fulfilled the just demands of international comity, by' affording full op portunity for Her Majesty's Government to act in relief of the situation, I considered prolongation of discursion to be unwar ranted and thereupon declined to further recognize the diploinatic character of ,he person, whose continuance in such func tion would destroy that mutual confidence which is essential to the good understa'id log of the two Governments, and was in consistent with the welfare and self-re spect of tye Government of the United States. The usual interchange of communication has since coutinued through Her Majesty's legation in this city. Mtiy endeavors to establish by interna tional co-operation measures for the pre vention of the exterin nation of fur-seals in Behring Sea have not been relaxed, and T have hopes of be:ng e'abled shortly to sbmit an effective andt satu,fnictory coii rentionalprojet with itse mar-atiime tiowers or the approval of the Seinte. It is much to be desiredl that some agree nent should be reached w ith Her .\ijesty's overnment by which the damiages t o 1:fe nd property on the GJreat Lnk-ss may be lleviated by removing or iiuiianeiy i-egu ating the obstacles to r-ecpro-al assistance; o wrecked or strande-d ressels. The act of Junie 1p, lab, which offers anadian vessels free accesst iiuir iniland aters in aid of wrecke~d ot4 disatbed ves sels, has niot yet becotme effective through oncurrent acion by Camna. The due protection of our cit Zens or French origin or descent, from claim of ilitary service, ini the event of tiheir re urnog to or visitm;ir France, hasr called Forth correspoiecie which wats lutd be foro you at the ia:,t sessioni. I renewv my rccomnidat:on of two yeai-s ago for time patt iLc of a b.1l for the euuzdogn to certaini German steamshiip ~ine5 o0 itae interest uponi tonnia~ge dues ii Oni the 1 iib of April last, I laid befor-e he House of Replresenitat:ves fuli informa :on re~pecimtg o.ir interests in Samon; nd in tue subsi-equent cor-respoidence on the s:unei stibject, wich wi-ll tie laid bc fore you ini due course, the ihistory of vnts i:: ti:ose Islantds w::i be found. in a i es.s,:eiCi ac omiv~ng nas.y pyrovat, em' the ia iiav .m ,jccooer- nst, a? a bim ior the Cxseusio-i of Cinerise laborer's, I uidt b fore Courress all iniform.i on nid till or tho trealy witin Chiit, t-J:;cluded at tiis Ca p:t al otl the 124i diay ofMarch, l.8S, andl wihicu, hiavatzbeen confli.-med by the -enate, wi ii certaiin iimeimiit ienit-, wais rejected by th~e Chmttese Governimtent. '1 li:s messtge containid a recoimmendaion that, a suoi of money he alppr. rite~d as cOm pnsation to Cii:::e'-e subjects who hand s uffered :rjurcte :t uhe hand s of ia wie.ss men within one jured;,-t:oni. Such appro pr:at:on havinm. b~e:: duly imade, the fund awats reception by the Cineisa Govern mien t. It is sincerely hoped that by thn/cssation o thme irAlux of tiii clais, of Chinese sub jects, in atccordatnce ilth tue expressed wish of both Governtnei.ts, a cause of un kid feelinig has been permanently ro moved. A diplomatic imission front Coi-ea has been received, and the formal inter-course betweeni the two count~ies5 contteimlted by the treaty of 16&Sl, is now established. Persia has established diploinatic repre sentation at tis capital and has evinced very great intetrest in the enterprise and acueemenits of ourr ctizens. The wisdom or concludiuz a treaty of commercial reciprocity wvitht Mexico. his been heretofore stated in my itessatges to Congress, and time lap)so of titmo and growth of commner-ce wvih. that close neighor and sistci- R~spublic con lirmu the budgmenit so ex pressed The precise re-locattin of our boundary line is needful, and adequate appropriation ;a now recomimenided. The lona-pten-n. omdn~ary dispute between Custa ttca anid &caraguat was re fred to my arbitration; and by an awvar-d made on the :2ld of Marchm last, the ques tion has ucen finally settled to tne ex pressed sattis faction of both of* the parties in intcrest. As authorizec by the Congress, prelimi.. nary steps have been tamien for the assem blage at this Capttl, uring the coming year, of the repr-esentattves of South and Coitral Anmericni States, together with tosu of MexicoHayti,anid San Domingo,to discuss sutidry impilortantt monetary and omriecial top:e-s. Exceititz in thii>se cases where, from reasons of conttiity of territory and the existence of a etnun border- line incapa cial treaties may be found mypedi6-t- it is I believed that commercial policies inducing freer mutual exchange of products can be most advantageously arrauged by indepen dent but co-operative legislation. In the mode last mentioned the control of our taxation for revenue will be always retained in our own hands unrestricted by conventional agreements with other gov ernments. With the rapid increase of immigration to our shores and the facilities of modorr travel, abises of the generous privileges afforded by our naturalization laws call for their careful revision. The easy and unguarded manner in which certificates of American citizenship can now be obtained has induced a class, unfortunately large, to avail themselves of the opportunity to become absolved from allegiance to their native land and yet by a foreign residence to escape any just duty and contribution of service to the country of their proposed adoption. Thus while evading the duties of citizenship to the United States, they make prompt claim for its national protection and demand its intervention in their behalf. International complications of a serious nature arise, and the correspondence of the State Department discloses the great number and complexity of the questions which have been raised. Our laws regulating the issue of pass ports should be carefully rev.sed, and the institution of a central bureau of registra tion at the Capital is again strongly reo ommended. By this means full particulars of each case of naturalization in the United States would be properly Indexed and re corded and thus many cases of spurious c!tizmship v-ould be detected and unjust responsibilitf es would be avoided. The reorganization of the consularaser vice is a matter of serious importance to our national interests. The number of existing principal consular offices Is believed to be greater than is at all neces sary for the conduct of the publiobusiness. I repeat the recommendations heretofore made by me, that the appropriations for the maintenance of our diplomatic and consular service should be recast; that the so-called notarial or unofficial fees, which our representatives abroad are now permitted to treat as personal perquisites should ba forbidden; that a system of consular inspection should be instituted; and that a limited number of secretaries of legation at large should be authorised. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury exhibits in detail the condition of our national finances and the opera tions of the several branches of the Gov ernment related to his Department. The total ordinary revenues of the Gov ernment for the fiscal year ended June 30, amounted to $379,266,074.76, of which $219, 091,173.3 was received from customs du ties and $124,296,871.98 from internal reve- I nue taxes. The total receipt from all sources, ex ceeded those-for the fiscal year ended June 3'. 1887, by $7,862,797 10. The ordinary expenditures of the Gov ernment for the fls(-al year ended June 30, 1888I, were $259,653 058 67, leaving a surplus I of $119,612,116.09. The decrease in these expenditures, as compared with the flcal year ended June 30, 1887, was $8,q78,2-21.30, notwithstanding the payment of more than $5,000,00'. for pensions in excess of what was paid for chat purpose in the at.ter-mentioned year. The revenues of t h . (tovernmet for the year ehding June 8 l18S9,ascertained for the quarter ended September :U., 1888, and es timated for the r - mL:nder of the time, amount to $37 7,it00,ll t0; and the actual and estimated ordinary expenditures for the same year are 8'273.00,iO., leaving an esti mated surplus of ti 4,%:0 ),)00. The estimated rec,:pts for the year end ing June 30, 183, are i377,000,000, and the estimated ordinary expenditures for the same.time are $275,707,488.34, showing a surplus of $101,232,511.66. The foregoing statements of surplus do not take into account the sum necessary to be expended to meet the requirements of the sinking fund act, ainouiting to more than $47,000,030 annually. The cost of collecting the customs reve nues for the last fiscal year was 2 44 per cent.; for the year 1885 it was 3.77 per cent. The excess of internal-revenue taxes col lected during the last fiscal year over th ose collected for the year ended June 30, 1887, was 15,489,174.26, and the cost of collecting this revenue decreases from 8.4 per cent. n 1887 to less than 3.2 per cent. for the last year. The tax collected on oleomargarine as 4723,948 04 for the year ending June 30, 187, and $464,139.S8 for the following year. The requiremeints of the sinking-fund act ave bcen met for tbe year ended June 30; I8i8; for the current year also, by the pur hase of bonds. After complying with this aw as positively required, and nonds suff ent for that pui-pose had been bought at premium, It was not deemed prudent to further expend the surplus in such pur hases until the authority to do so shor ld e more explicit. A resolution, howevei-, aving been passed by both Houses of Coii rss removing all doubt as to Executive authority, daily purchases of bonds t. -re ommenced on the 23d day of April, 1888, and have continued until the pi-esent time. By this plan bondis of ttie Government not* et due have been purchased up to and in :ling the 33th da.5 or November, 1888, ,moutingio $94,700,400. t ne premium pa:d :hereon amounting to $17,538.613.08. The pi-emium added to thie pineiipal of these beiids represents aii investmen t ielding about 2 per cent. Interest for the ime they still has to runi; and the savinig o the Government represenrett -by the dii erenc-e between the amount of iintorest at per ceiit. up)on-the sum paid for pi-incipat nd premil andi what it would have paid for inter-est at the i-ate spictfied in the bonds if they had ruii to their mnaturity, is about $27,165,000. At first sight this would seem to be a proitable and sensible ti-ansactionm on the tat or the Govei-rment. Bui, as suggested y Sie Secretai-y of the Tretsury, the sur plus thus expenmded for the purchase of oonds was money drawin finm the people In excess of any actual need of the Govern met. and was so cxperided ra;ther than al low it to i-emain idle in tihe Trcasur-y. If this surplus under the oper-ation of just ani eqitable laws had been left In the hands of the people, ir. would have been worth in their busiiness at least 6I per cent. per annnm. Deducting friout the amount of iterest upon the pi-incipali and premium f these bonds for the time they had to run at the rate of 6 per cenit. the saving of 2 per cent. made for the people by the purchase of such bonds, tihe loss will ap pear to he $55,76),0J0. This calculation would seem to demon strate that if excessive and unnecessaiy taxation is continued anud the Government is forced to pursue this policy of purchas ing its own bonds at the premniums which t will be necessary to pay, the loss to the people will be hundreds of millions of dollars. Since the purchase of bonds was under taken as imenitioned, nearly all that have been offered were at last accepted. It has been made quite appareit that the Govern meit was ni. danger of being subjected to ombinations- to i-a~se ther price, as ap pears by thie instance cited by the Se.:re tary of the offering of bonds of the par value of only $326,000 so often that the aggregate of tue snmup -emntided for their purchase amounted to iiore than $19,-. 70,00. Ntithstatiding the large sums paid out n the purctiase of bonds, the surplus In i-easury on the 3Sith day of I~ovemnber, 883 wais $52,.i,611.01. aft?.r deducting ab.t $20,0;O,.taj iat driawn out foi- the pyent ul peus-uiis. At the close of the fiscal year endled June 80, 1887, there had been coined under the ompulsory silver coinage a d, (200t,988,'280 in silver dollars, $55,5)4,31) I T whi:ch were in the hands of the people. On the 8Jth dayv of June, loss, there had been coined $299,708,790; aiid o f this $55, 829,33 was is circulation in coin, and $200,87,376 in a lver cert-ticates, for the redemption of which siir-er dollars to that amount were held by the Gover-nment. On the 30dth day of Novetnber, 1888, 13,570,990 had been coined. f63,970,193 of the silver dollars were actually in circula tna $237,418346 in certificates. BRAVE MISSIONARIES. their Rescue from Death by Apparently Providential Interposition. It is a clear, bright morning in the sum mer of 1824, but the sun that shines so brilliantly upon Rangoon looks down upon a strange and startling spectacle, writes David Ker in one of his New York Times Burmah letters. The whole town seems to be out of doors, and every street is a surg ing sea of wild faces livid with fear or black with rage. All along the rude defenses which face toward the river a mob of ragged Burmese soldiers are swarming like ants over the crumbling earthworks and half-effaced batteries, piling up rusty can non balls and dragging honeycombed guns to and fro as if preparing for the coming of an enemy. Such is, indeed, the case, for if you )k in the direction whither their scowling eyes turn restlessly ever and anon you will see far down the broad, winding river, towering high above the dark mass of jungle that clothes its banks, the white sail- of several stately men-of war, with the British flag waving above them. The "white-faced beasts" whom the royal Tom Thumb of Burmah has so long insulted and defied have come at ist to demand satisfac tion in earnest. But the thickets throng and the loudest uproar concentrate then.selves upon the great market near the landing place, where a roaring whirlpool of gnashing teeth and glaring eyes and clenched hands and brandished weapons and wollish yells boils and eddies round two unarmed white men, bound, helpless, splashed- with mud and bleeding from many a bruise, but still wear ing a look of quiet and fearless calmness that contrasts very strikingly with the howling fury of the human wolves around them. Missionaries and men of peace though they are, they have in their veins the bold American blood of the warriors of Bunker Hill and Valley Forge, and now, saved from instat death at the hands of the mob only to perish by the slower and more deliberate'iurder of so-called "law," they stand amid this riot of demons as calm and undaunted as ever. When the doomed men are dragged be fore the Raywoon (Governor) of the city that worthy Nero is somewhat at a loss what to do. To any consideration of mere humanity he is as insensible as an English work-house guardian; but, being a shade less ignorant than the imbruted ruffians around him, he knows that the white men can fight, and that if they should take the town the mur der of these two victims will be fearfully avenged. But his feeble remonstrances are drowned by the bloodthirsty yell of the rub ble, and the Governor, like a second Pilot, sacrifices his conscience-such as it is-to the clamor of a ruffianly mob. The two prisoners are sentenced to immediate death and orders are given to carry them to the place of execution and behead them forthwith. The words of doom are hailed with a roar of savage joy, and the sea of fierce faces and tossing arms poured out of the narrow street in one great wave, sweeping along with them their victims, behind whom stalks the executioner himself, a gaunt, scowling, frightful creature, with no cloth ipg save a blood-stained cloth around his loins, the hideous spots on whose woish face mark him as one of those miserable criminals who have redeemed their own worthless lives from death by accepting the degrading office of inflicting death upon their fellow-men. As the ghastly proces sion moves onward the wretch flourishes his broad-bladed knife above the heads of the doomed missionaries, and at every rep etition of this grim pantomime a howl of cruel triumph rises from the savage'throng around them. But even in this deadly peril with the shadow of the grave deepening around them, the two brave Americans never flinch for a moment. AU the taunts and curses of the murderous rabble move them not a whit, and when they reach the place of death their only words are: "Brother, we shall meet again in Heaven." The Gov ernor gives the fatal signal, the crowd falls back to right and left, and the grim heads man approaches his victims with brand ished knife and forces them down upon their knees. "Where is your God, now, Christian?" cries the savage,with a jeering laugh. "You say that He is all powerful-let Him save , you then if He can." " If it be His will," answers one of the self-devoted heroes, " He can save us even The dauntless words are scarcely uttered when there comes a roar as if the earth were rent in twain-a thick gust of hot, stifling smoke makes all as dark as night-and in the grim hush that followed is heard the crash of falling roofs, mingled with shrieks of agony and cries of terror. When the smoke clears away the two Americans find - themselves kneeling alone amid the vast space which was lately so crowded. Far in the distance their cruel enemies are fleeing like . ated sheep, while a few paces off lies the headless corpse of the savage execution r, struck dead by an English cannon-ball, but still clutching in his stiffeninghand the hge knife which was to have drunk their blood. What follows is the mere mockery of a battle. The valiant Governor and his officers ave already taken to their heels and the feeble and unslflful fire of the fewv who at tempt resistance is :.peedily crushed by the tremendous broadsides c. the English men f-war. An hour later - he British blue ackets pour into the town, only to find it already deserted, and bear back with them in triumph the two gallant missionaries who lived for many y ears after to tell how God had remembered his servants in their sorest need. Punning at Death's Door. A story is told of a man who suffered severely from ague, which neither medicine nor charms could alleviate, but being ad-i ised to devote himself to punning beeame' so interested in the pursuit that he speedily laughed himself into robust health. It e.an not be denied that a hearty laugh, even at the cost of a bad pun, is no mean thing in itself, and has often been known to be of Inestimable service at the crisis of a serious malady. A physician visiting one of the brotherhood, who was in extremis, apoio gized for being late one day, but said he had been to see a man who had fallen down a well. "Did he kick the bucket, doctor?" groaned the punster. Again, the story is told, If we remember rightly, of Theodore Hook, who, as he lay dying, encased in mustard poultices, was visited by a friend, ~o whom he remarked: "Plenty of maustard, my boy, but very little beef." Telegraph for MarIiers. A novel spectr-o-telegrap~hic apparatus has been constructed by Dr. Paul la Cour, a Danish physicist. It projects a steady rertical spectrum, on which, with a special elescope, red and blue dots and lines are een to appear and disappear. These are lorse signals, produced by the breaking of he spectrum by the opening and shutting f hittle slits, displaying the colored dots md lines. This is effected by an electrisal; arrangement having lettered and numbered A Roundabout Boute. "Didn'f I see you with your arm around a girl's waist the other night?" "Yes, 1 =as making haste to rach her heart by the WOODEN FRUIT-BOXES. How They Are Made In the Great Fan tories of the Fruit Districts. - How many of those who buy a box of ber ries, cherries, plums or other small fruit, of the grocer or vender at the door, know how the little wooden boxes which hold the fruit are made? asks the San Diego (Cal.) Union. Light and fragile, thinner than pasteboard, and apparently simple in construction, they are by far the best thing yet devised for the handling and marketing of small fruits. They are made bf shavings. The thin sheets of wood which form the sides and bottom of a berry-box are nothing more not less than small pieces cut from a great pine, fir or whitewood shaving, and bent and fast. ened together in tha shape of a box. These shavings, of course, are not like those which fall in graceful curves from the carpenter's plane, but are great long sheets, in each of which is almost the entire wood of a big log, and from a single shaving is frequently made from 2,000 to 5,000 berry-boxes. To one who has never witnessed the man ufacture of berry-boxes, every stage of the process is extremely interesting. A re porter recently visited the works of the Colorado Fruit Packing Company, across the bay. and there bad an opportunity to witness the operation of the machinery and see the boxes made. The logs, which are brought down from the Northern coast, are unloaded in the waters of the bay and floated into the booid close to the shore, where the factory is lo cated. From there they are hauled up on a tramway running down into the water, so that the logs can be floated upon the car. When brought up the logs are cut by a drag-saw into uniform lengths as desired. These sections of the log are then placed in a large steam-box, of which there are sev eral convenient to the machinery, and left for twelve hours subject to the effects of the exhaust steam from the engine. This softens the wood so that it can be cut into the thin sheets desired, without checking or splitting into fragments. A section of a great log, three feet in di aneter, was rolled out from the steam-box by two men, and, after the center had been marked at both ends,was hoisted by a small derrick and swung over a machine, the principal feature of which was a long, bevel edged knife, firmly set in a strong iron frame, in very much the same manner as the blade of a carpenter's plane is set. In deed, the cutting portion of this machine is a great monster shaving-plane, with the edge of the blade fixed upward. The log was next lowered by the derrick to its proper posi tion, the operator of the machine pulled a lever end two great clamps, with strong, sharp-pointed jaws, two inches long, ad vanced and pushed their iron teeth into the marked centers at each end of the log. The great wooden cylinder was now held firmly in front of the blade of the immense shav ing-plane, and when the operator pulled an other lever, the log commenced to revolve toward the cutting edge, exactly like the strip of wood in a turner's lathe revolves toward the chisel. Another pull by the op erator, and the frame holding the great blade began to move upto the revolving log. W hen the knife came in contact with the steaming wood the outer edges were peeled off in thin strips without a sound of cutting, and the broad sheets rolled out under the blade as easily and noiselessly as would a slice of cheese under a sharp knife. After the water-soaked outer portion of the log had been trimmed off in this man ner, the operator adjusted, on the side df the log opposite to the cutting-knife, a num ber of small chisel-like instruments, at the end of each of which was a small, sharp cutting-edge pressing against the log. These little cutters are placed at various ,distances, carefully measured by the opera tor, and evidently formed an important feature of the operation. When the log again began its revolutions against the blade of the great shaving-machine there came out from under the knife a long, wide, thin strip of wood, which the men pulled out and rolled and folded up like wall-paper. An examination of .ais great white steam ing shaving showei thait its a-.tire length was marked by parallel lines, cut partially through the wood, made by the little cut ters at the back of the log. The purpose of these lines was a mystery until the operator a carelessly broke off an end of the great shaving, making a strip two or three inches vide, and quickly bent it into the form of a berry box complete, excepting the bottom. The points of bending were the parallel lines cut in the wood, which made the opera tion of shaping the box nothing but a simple mechanical icevement. The wood bent readily at the partial cuts and formed the angles of the box. Making the bottom, of course, consisted in exactly the same operation, except that the strip used for this portion was not so long, hav ing only two cuts and three segments. The middle segment formed, of course, the bot tom of the'box, and the two at the end'ex tended upward inside the frame for-med by the longer strip. All but the small core of the log is turned ofr into this long shaving, one-twentieth of an inch in thickness and nearly 1,000 feet long, which is folded and broken into con venient lengths for handllng as fast as it comtes fronr the knife. The machinery which thus in a few min utes converts a rough log into a long paper like sheet of wood, is called a rotary veneer machine, and in the factory are several of them of various sizes, the largest of them being adapted to the shaving of logs ten feet eight inches in length. The thin sheets >f wood, as fast ais they are taken from the machine, are' placed upon a long table near at hand and punshed under a knife <perated by steam-power, which cuts the wood into arrow strips, lengthwise, and of the proper ~vidth for the sides and bottom of a bei-ry box. The knife which cuts the long shav-* ngs crosswise of cour-se cuts lengthwise of he grain. The narrow strips, as fast as hey are cut, are taken away by boys and arried on an elevator to the second floor of he building, where a number of boys and irls irapidly hind them into box form. The lst step in the mianufacture, which is done y girls, is the fnstening of the bottom and ide srtips together. This is done by a pecu iar-looking machine called a stapler, but which might very properly be called a wire ewing-machine. The girl operator has sim ly to turn the side of the box to be fast ned over a little plate. press her foot upon pedal and the small wire, which is fed rom a cylinder. passes through the two riips, and is clinv-hed on the other side. 'he work is done very rapidly, and an im nne number of boxes can be turned out u a day. __ ____ How to Eat Soft-Boiled Eggs. The very nicest way of eating a soft oiled egg is from the shell, says Table Talk, f Philadelphia. Place the small end of the gg into an egg cup, or you may- stand it in small napkin rmng. Thc large or butt end f the egg should have the shell removed rom it; then if you take away a small iece of the white you have ample roo for talt, pepper andl a small piece of butter, vhib may be mixed with the egg without lifculty. Lang-handled porcelain tea ~poons are the nicest and only proper hings to serve with boiled eggs. Soft ~oiled eggs may also be eaten from a heated gg-glass; the egg being opened carefully nd turned into the glass. Salt, black pep-~ m.r and buttarne the nrrna esennings.