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VOL. III. MANNING, CLARENDON COUNTY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 25, 1888. NO.15 THE REAL SLAVE DEALERS. HOW THE NORTH TRIES TO SHIRK THE BURDEN OF ITS SINS. A Plain Statement of the Facts, as Derived from Public Records and Judicial De cisions. To the Editor of the News and Courier: I was glad to see your editorial on March 9 last on the Emancipation Proclama tion. It is surprising how much igno rance exists upon the subject of emanci pation in some of the usually best in formed circles. I desire to call your atten tion to two instances of this in that usually accurate journal, the Nation. In a recent number there appeared the re view of a letter written from Washington to a paper in Frankfort: "The condition of our negro popula tion is the subject of a Washington let ter in the Frankfort Zeitung of Dsee ber 24, 1887. The writer's view of their social status is correct enough, but he is rather at sea in his historical retrospect, as when he says that the South was at' one time more opposed to slavery than was the North, and that the civil war was a struggle between 'the sons of the slave-owners and the planters to whom their fathers had sold their dark com modities.' There is a corollary to the misleading statement that 'in 1790 the negroes were distributed throughout this country, and were almost exclusively slaves,' but that, 'during the first quar ter of a century, the inhabitants of the1 Northern States gradually sold their slaves to the South, where climate and the nature of the agricultural products ~ increase the value of negro labor,' all of s which sounds as if the countryman of Von Hoist had drawn his inspiration from the pro-slavery pamphlets of Bu-r chanan's Administration." Wehave not seen this letter, nor do v we know who is the writer, but if you' will allow me space I think I can con vince even the Nation, and its readers who shall happen to see the communica- t tion, that the statements quoted are notu so wide of the mark as the Nation seems to think. If such as the Nation suggests was in-' deed the source of the writer's informa tion, can the following facts and figures, which are taken mostly from a work of that time, be disputed? The author from! whom I take the figures, as I cannot at this moment put my hand upon the cen sus of -1790, was, it is true, a Bebel brigadier, the heroic defender of Marye's I Heights at Fredericksburg, where he was killed; but all the same can the state ments be denied? (Cobb on Slavery, C Philadelphia, T. & L W. Johnson& Co., 1858.) By the census of 1790 there were 40,370 slaves in the States north of Vir ginia. Now how were those 40,000 slaves emancipated? Can any one point to a single act by any Northern State by which any negro was actually and im-Z mediately emancipated? We ask this because it is clear that all the gradual emancipation schemes had just the effect which which the Frankfort writer states, to wit: it caused the inhabitants of the Northern States generally to sell their slaves to the South. Laws prohibiting slavery after some future date were but warnings to the owners of slaves to send them out of the State before the Act should go into effect. The inevitable working of such Acts was to send the' slaves South for sale. Vermont, we know, claims the honor of having been the first to exclude slavery. She clis that this was done by herbill of rights in 1777. But the .census of 1790 shows seventeen slaves. ' .It required, it is true, no great philan-' -thropy to sacrifice the value of seven teen slaves; but her bill of rights could1 miot have done a very perfect work sincea it allowed seventeen slaves to remain in I bonds thirteen years after its adoption. Slavery, which had been introduced into Masachusetts soon after its first settlIe- ' ment, was "tolerated," as Chief Justice utlte adptin ofteConstitu o o 1780. Nor, indeed, did the Constitution I of 1780, by any expres provision or' declaration, prohibit slavery. But a. very few days ago a letter of Mr. Thomas' Sillway, of Boston, appeared in the Charleston Sun, giving instances of bills of sale and disposition by will of Indian and negro slaves in Masachusetts as late as 1771. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes makae Old Sohthe nurse of Ebien Venner, the dau herof a slave mother. So granal was edecadence of slavery in Masachusetts that as late as 1833 her Supreme Court could not say by wa specific Act the institution had b abolished. Winchendon vs. Mass., 123; Commonwealth vs. Ave', 18 Pick., 209. In Belknap's New Hampshire, Vol, III., 280, published 1792, the matter is thus explained: "Slavery is not prohibited by any ex press law. Negroes were never very numerous in New Hampshire. Some of1 them purchased their freedom during the late war by serving three years in the army. Others have been made free by the justice and humanity of their masters. In Masachusetts they are all accounted free by the firet article in the declaration of rights, 'All muen are born! free and equal.' In the bill of rightseof: New Hampshire the first article is ex-: pressed in these words: 'All men are: born equally free and independent,' which, in the opinion of most persons, will bear the same construction. But others have deduced from it this infer ence, that all who are born since the Constitution was made are free; and that those who were in slavery before remain so still. For this reason, in the late census, the blacks in New Hampshire are distinguished into free and slaves. It is not in my power to apologize for this inconsistency." The author then goes on to explain, as -we Southerners afterwards continued to do, how much better off those who were .slaves were than those who were free in other States. By the census of 1790 there were 158 slaves in New Hampshire, .and in 1840) there was still one remain ing. In the plantations of Rhode Island slaves were more numerous than in the .other New England States, as, indeed, they necessarily were, considering that -the merchants and sailors of that little 8tajte were the greatest slave traders of scouunnty. But as the negroes oouldJ not thrive in her latitude her Legislature provided a gradual scheme of emancipa tion, which took a lifetime to work out, I leaving as late as 1840 five slaves in that State. Connecticut was too much inter ested to indulge her philanthropy at the 4 expense of an immediate emancipation. E In 1790 she had 2,750 slaves. So she, i too, adopted a plan of gradual emanci pation, bthe slow and prudent work- 3 ings of seventeen of her slaves re- i mamed as such in 1840. f As Mr. Bancroft observes, that New E York is not a slave State like Carolina,is 1 Sue to her climate and not to the supe- 1 ior humanity of its founders, (2 vol., ] 303.) When South Carolina prohibited i the importation of slaves from Africa in 1 L789, New York imported them and I dhipped the savages to this State as 1 .erican slaves. As late as 1858 the s London Times charged that New York ad become the greatest slave trading i art in the world, a charge which Wil- i on in the "Rise and Fall of the Slave t Power" fully corroborates. In 1790 New z Eork had 21,324 slaves. She, too. I dopted an Act of gradual emancipation, t y the operation of which in 1840 all but t our slaves had been gotten rid of. New t Fersey, though adopting the same a cheme, was slower in getting rid of her I laves, 674 still remaining in 1840. N Adam Smith observed: "The late a esolution of the Quakers in Pennsyl vania to set set at liberty all their negro laves may satisfy us that their number E annot be very great. Had they made i ny considerable part of their property r uch a resolution could never have been t aken." (Wealth of Nations.) There t were 3,737 slaves in Pennsylvania in 790, and, as Adam Smith predicted, she c rould not sacrifice so much property. 1 to she, too, provided for gradual eman- 11 ipation. The census of 1840 showed C 'ty five negroes still in slavery. in E 8 a negro woman was put up on the a uction block along with some machine y, Smith's tools and one cow, and sold o Dr debt by the sheriff of Fayette county. c a the State of Brotherly Love. They 9 rere still discussitg this case in the Su >reme Court of Pennsylvania as late as t 837, but it was about the inadequacy of I he price the poor wretch brought, and iv ot the iniquity of the transaction about a rhich they were contending. (Lynch d s. Commonwealth, 6 Watts 495.) It a ras the frosts and snows which put an a nd to slavery at the North, iot philan bropy. t It is familiar history that the slave n rade by which slavery was established ' a this country was carried on by Old t) ngland and New England, and not by I he South. As Mr. Leaky points out, d he New England trade, just prior to the u tevolution, consisted in sending her amber to the French Islands, where Ehe ti btained in return an abundant supply ii f molasses. The molasses she distilled ti ato rum, and the rum she sent to Africa m or negro slaves-(XVIL, Cen. 334.) i )r, as Mr. McMaster puts it: "Scarce a S ,ear passed by but numbers of slavers h rent out from Boston, from Medford, e rom Salem, from Providence, from ti fewport, from Bristol, Rhode Island. if .he trade was a threefold kind. Mo asses brought from Jamaica was turned ato rum; the rum dispatched to Africa >rought negroes; the negroes carried to amaica or the Southern States were ex- A hanged for molasses, which in turn, aken back to New England, was quick made into rum." (History of the .eople of United States, Vol. 2-15.) C South Carolina and Georgia, two at o east of the Southern States, protested b gainst the trade, not from any senti- b aentality, but as overrunning the coun- s ry with barharians and interfering with c he immigrtion of the white race. The |p tatute books of South Carolina, from : 698 to the Revolution, are filled with if Lcts endeavoring to check by taxation n ad otherwise the importation of slaves. 2 See A. A. 1698, 1712, 1714, 1716, 1717, a 744, 1751, 1764.) These taxes, with the d ,vowed purpose expressed in their li areambles of checking this importation, a were raised year by~yar from ?2 in 1714 v o 100 in 1764. We cannot at this mo ent refer to the authority, but we are u inder a very strong impression that the a olonial Council of South Carolina at il ne time actually prohibited the im- ri portation of slaves and that their Act was suspended by the board of trade in a .ondon as prejudicial to the commercial t< cterests of England. As soon as South li arolina was freed from this foreign a ontrol, in 1787, before any action was p ken by Congress, the State prohibited s he importation all together. In the c olony of Gergia savery wa abslutelf 798 the State prohibited the slave trade. I :t is true that the prohibition by South I arolina was removed from 1804 to tl 807, but this was owing to the impos- I ibilit of preventing evasion of our ti aws trugh the want of a State navy, tl cud it was thought better to bring the ti iegroes directly from Africa than re- a eive them through New York as pre- i ended Americans. See report of J. b [ohnson Pettigrew (another ebel briga t ier) to the Legislature of South Caroli- z ia, against the reopening of the slave a rade, 1856. Year Book, City of harleston, 1883. Of the 202 vessels that arrived in iharleton habo yith slaves, during the ive years ao. ports of the State >pened for th Aave trade, 61 claimedt o belong to Charleston and exactly the i ame number avowedly belonged to New England, (i e, Rhode Island 59, Boston L. Connecticut 1;) 70 belonged to Great Britain. Of the other 10, 3 belonged to Baltimore, 4 to Norfolk, 2 to Sweden, 1 to France. If we look at the list of con ignees we will see that it is not probablei that the 61 which claimed to belong to Charleston actually did so. For of the 02 vessels which brought in slaves but 13 consignees were natives of Charles ton, while 88 were natives of Rhode Is land, 91 of Boston and 10 of France. It is most probable, therefore, that the 61 vessels claiming to belong to Charleston in fact belonged to New Englanders re-I siding in Charleston. For these statis tics see Judge Smith's speech in the ! United States Senate, in which he ar rayed Mr. D)eWolf, the Senator from Khode Island, for his participation in the slave trade. Sometime since in its notes, in this same paper, reviewing a work, "Brazil and Slavery," the editor wrote as fol lows: "We can recommend it for its own sake, but we have read it with the deep est interest for its reflected light on that irrepressible conflict which ended some| nnAhnrinAnprl., 1865- and others in [arch, 1876. First and above all it in ipires a sense of profound thakfulness that there never existed in this country i party or a policy or a measure of gradual emancipation. We mean of course against that purely Southern slave power which dictated the compro nises of the Federal Constitution." In this, the editor of the Nation could iot have meant that there never existed n this country a policy or a measure of gradual emancipation, for, as we have een, just such a policy was adopted hroughout the Northern States-that it vas by just such measures that the Sorthern people rid themselves of the nstitutions which they had so large a and in imposing upon the South. But vas this statement correct even if limited >y his last sentence, "We mean of course gainst the Southern slave power," &c? Mr. Lincoln having declared in his naugural that the Republican party had to intention to interfere with the insti ion of slavery; and Congress, by a joint esolution, approved July 22, 1861, laving repeated Mr. Lincoln's declara ion and announced to the South that he war was only for the preservation of he Union, and not for the abolition of lavery; and Congress having actually passed in Mar3h, 1861, by two-thirds -ote a proposed amendment to the Con titution that: "No amendment shall be made to the ,onstitution which will authorize or :ive Congress the power to abolish or aterfere within any State with the do sestic institutions thereof, including at of persons held to labor or service > the laws of the said State." Upon the recommendation of Mr. Lin oln, made in a special message in April, 812, Congress passed another joint reso tion offering pecuniary aid from the eneral Government to induce the tates to adopt "general abolishment of Lavery." Mr. Lincoln expressed the sentiment f the North, which enabled him to carry n the war successfully, when, on 22d ngust, 1862, he said: "My paramount object is to save the nion, and not to save or destroy slavery. f I could save the Union without free ig any slave I would do it. If I could ve it by freeing all the slaves I would o it, and if I could do it by freeing >me and leaving others alone, I would [so do that." The slaves in the States at war with ae Federal Government were freed as a ilitary and not as a political measure. 'he Federal Government did not free de slaves in Delaware, Maryland and. :entucky. The results of the war ren ered slavery impracticable, but that -as all. The truth is, the South could at any me during the war have secured the istitution of slavery at the sacrifice of ie right of secession. That sacrifice she ould not voluntarily make, and she >st both her sovereignty and her slaves. he was the unfortunate, innocent, last older of a dishonored bill, and the itters of it turned upon her and called the world to see how they would pun th her for holding it. EDWARD McCRADY, JR. WITH SIX WHITE BEaRS. u Animal Tamer Has Weird Suspicions Regarding One of Them. (Liverpool Courier.) A singular occurrence took place at ross' trading menagerie, in Earle street, a Wednesday. A group of six white ears from the Arctic regions that have een starring the country and causing a nation have just returned from a two eeks' engagement at Hull. The daring erformer who had traveled with them ad been ailing for some time, and a w days ago had to give up his engage Lent and go back to his native country. he dificulty then was to find a man ho had the courage to enter the large en with these bloodthirsty creatures. ichard Reiffenstuhl, a celebrated lion ad tiger tamer in Mr. Cross' employ, lunteered to undertake the task, and ith the late attendant, y. Trotman, iade all ready. He entered the den, d soon found himself surrounded by ie six bears making for him in all di actions. After the usual set to there is with the aimals, resulting in a coatsleeve being >rn completely out of the coat and a ttle blood spilt, Richard considered he 'as the master of beasts, laughed and ut his hat on one side. Then came the scond part of the performance, in which ne of the brutes mounts a stool and res a pistol. The pistol was got ready id the bear mounted the stooL While ichard was talking to the rest of the eepers outside the den the bear pulled ae cord, bang went the pistol and shot ichard in the hand. The blood began fiow freely and it was soon discovered at the nail of one finger was blown en rely. Dr. William Pugh was immedi tely on the spot and attended to the jured man, who, although he must ave suffered intensely, made -light of e injury. He caunot make up his mid whether the shooting was wilful or ccidental. "I (AVE UP TO DIE.' K~oxvrnE, TENN., yuly 2, 1S87. I have had catarrh of the head for six 'ears. I went to a noted doctor and he ated me for it, but could not cure me, e said. I was over fifty years old and I :ave up to die. I had a distressing ough; my eyes were swollen and I am ontident I could not have lived without change. I sent and got one bottle of pour B. B. B., used it, and felt better. Chen I got four more, and thank God! t cured me. Use this any way you may vish for the good of sufferers. Mns. M&wLA NIrOLos. 27 Florida Street. Mr. Conkliisg' ree. There is a story of two Rochester men ho lately were in New York on legal usiness. It occurred to them to con slt Mr Conkling, and they did 5) at some length and very much to their sat sfaction. As they rose to go the spokes nan said: "Mr. Conkling, we thank you :or your advice, which is very valuable o us. When we get home we will send you a check for $300." "Oh no, gentle en," said the ex-Senator, "don't do that. I am only too happy to be of ser ice to you anid make no charge. You are qulte welcome, but when I do charge my fee is $5,000."-Rochester Union. Adam was not as good as he might have been, but he never reeled off lies by the ynAd aount the pranks of his schooldays. THE COLOR LINE IN THE CHURCHES Disturbing the Presbyterians this Time The Chicago Presbytery Struggles With It. Cmocio, April 17.-The annual meet ing of the Chicago Presbytery began yesterday. The most important feature of the proceedings of the day was the preamble and resolutions introduced by the Rev. Mr. Johnson, of the Theologi cal Seminary, on the reunion of the Northern and Southern t'resbyterian churches. After setting out that they heartily favor the reunion of the Northern and Southern Presbyterian churches, solely on the basis of a common standard, they assure the committee of the Southern church that there is no change in views concerning the spirituality of the church as connected with its political deliver ances. The resolution then says: "We cannot consent to the establish ment of a separate African Presbyterian Church or to any provisional arrange ment looking forward to the organiza tion of a separate African Presbyterian Church. "We are willing to consent to an ar rangement in the interests solely of prac tical efficiency, by which present boun daries and constituencies of presbyters and synods in the South shall remain in statue quo, provided this shall be the unconstrained preference of both parties interested, explicitly expressed according to Presbyterian preferences, subject al ways, as heretofore, to Acts of the Gen eral Assembly." "If there are a sufficient number of ministers and churches to form a colored presbytery in any locality already cov ered by the synod, such presbytery may be formed if those on the ground desire, but such presbytery shall remain in such synod unless there be a synod of other Presbyterians near enough, to which the presbytery asks to be attached." The reading of the preamble and reso lution created a profound sensation. Dr. Gray protested that if such an utterance as that went forth as the deliberate ex pression of opinion of a body of Chris tian ministers a quarter of a century after the closing of the war it wo ald be most infamous and disgraceful. He said: "It means that we shall go down there with arms and resuscitate all the old issues of a bloody and nearly forgotten war. The presbyteries of Florida, Mis souri, Kentucky and Tennessee, have already signified a desire to come over to reunion, but not a man of them would come in the face of such an insult, as' this effort can only result in the disin tegration of the church." "The Rev. Dr. Witherow said: "A powerful body will come to the General Assembly asking for reunion. We cannot stand on this proposition. It would sweep us from off our feet. But then again, if we say we will consent to and coalesce all synods and all presby teries, I doubt if we would succeed. If we fail, it would be to the everlasting shame of the Presbyterian church. I don't believe in ecclesiastical utterances and I am unmistakably convinced that the introduction of the colored line in religion is abhorrent to the Christian sentiment of the day." The matter will come up again. The matter was finally disposed of by the adoption of the first portion of Dr. Worcester's amendment to Dr. Gray's substitute, reading as follows: "Resolved, That this Presbytery is heartily in favor of reunion with the Southern Church, on the basis of our common standards, pure and simple." The concluding portion, "and the equal right of all disciples of Christ in every court of Christ's church," was! voted on separately, and on motion, was laid upon the table. A Sympathetic Oleander Bush. A strange story comes from Sterling, . Some time ago Miss Anna Leonard. died at her home in that place. During Miss Leonard's girlhood she was greatly attached to an oleander bush, the gift of a friend when she was but 6 years old. When in bloom the bush was covered1 with bright scarlet flowers, and Miss Leo nard was always a patient watcher to see the flowers bust from the buds. Shortly before she was taken ill Miss Leonard had given away the bush to an intimate friend. Last D)ecember, when the yonng I lady began to grow worse. the oleander bush began putting forth buds-a strange. thing at that time of year. The buds' developed as the young lady failed, and! when her death occurred the village of Sterling was searched for white flowers. to put in her coffin, but non had been found. The day the remains were to be removed to Bellefontaine for interment the budding oleander bush, which its owner, Mrs.Goodyear, had been patiently watching for ten weeks to bloom, burstI into flower, and, instead of the customary red flowers.the entire bush was covered with snow-white ones. A bunch of the' white flowers were culled and placed on' Miss Leonard's coffin just as the remains were being removed for shipment to Bellefontaine. The Columbia Libel Suit. The Court for Richland county was engaged all last week in the trial of the case of Edward McCrady, Jr., vs. Tho.. C. Robertson, for $10,000 damages for libel. The ground of the suit is a letter, already published, which was written byI Dr. Robertson to Gen. McCrsay in No vember last, charging him with false hood, treachery, knavery and bad faith in a certain case to which Dr. Robertson was a party and in which Gen. Mcrady was the attorney for certain parties on the other side. Col L. F. Youmans, of Columbia, and Messrs. C. RI. Miles and H. A. M. Smith, of Charleston, appeared for the plaintif, while the defendant is! represented by Messrs. Win. H. Lyles and John T. Sloan, Jr., of Columbia. A mass of testimony has been introducedi, and at last accounts it seemed as if the trial would consume not only all of last week but most of this. Wife (returned from church)-You should have heard Mr. Goodman's ser mon this morning, my dear. I don't know when anything has made such a pro found impression upon me. Hasbad-Did you walk home? Wife-No, I took a street car; and do you know John, that the conductor never asked me for ny fair. Wasn't I lucky? A little boyf our acquaintance had had his use of hall and will so often cor rected that c'~ night in saying the Lord's Prayer he id "Thy shall be done" in place of 'y will be done." THE FARMERS' TRUST. How It Differs from the Grange in I1 Objects. (Walter N. Allen, President Kansas Farmer Trust, in St Louis Globe-Democrat.) I have received letters from gentleme of the Northwestern States asking th question: "In what respect does th Farmers' Trust differ from the Grange? I can answer without prejudice, as have been a member of the Grange fc the past seventeen years. The Grang tried to regulate prices on what th farmers had to buy. The Farmer Trust undertakes to control the prices o: what the farmers have to sell. The one appoints agents to buy cheap; the othe will appoint agents to sell to the bes advantage. The Grange is a secret socia society; its members are bound togethe by moral obligations; it sought to affec legislation and to accomplish politics ends. It excludes from membership al persons who are not actual farmer The Farmers' Trust has no secrets, signs passwords nor black balls, and its mem bers are bound together by pecuniar; obligations-has a pocket interest and , business end. It seeks for the best busi ness talent and invites the co-operatiol of all men of brains, experience any business integrity. A distinguished gentleman from Bili nois writes me, suggesting "Farmers Protective Union" as a substitute for th name Farmers' Trust. I am aware ther is a prejudice against anything that ha the name of "trust," but this is owing ti the fact that the object of a trust is a ittle understood. A trust is a union o business institutions, and its object is ti prevent ruinous competition in trade sxpecienee having demonstrated tha 3ompetition is not the safe and hones method of doing business. To conipeti ion may be traced 80 per cent. of al business failures, and the survival of the ttest or strongest becomes an oppressivi nonopoly. A trust is a compact betwee ,wo or mora independent business firm greeing to do or not to do a certail thing in the line of their business, ani mplies a trustee to execute the true ;ho is restricted or limited to the specifi >bject of the trust. By these modern stitutions uniform grades of prices ar stablishe3, thus protecting the weal tgainst the strong and reserving to eacl member of the union all the rights ani powers not delegated to the trust. A trust, therefore, is decentralizing ii Is influence and a check upon monopo ,y, the latter being a consolidation o: apital or a centralization of business )wer, acting under one supreme head eriving its nourishment and growtl rom the failure and ruin of competitor u trade. When a combination in busi. ess assumes this character it ceases t e a trust, and becomes a monopoly. The manufacturing and commercia 1asses are organized, but the agricultur d-tbe fundamental industrial class-is morganized and at the mercy of the >ther two. The Farmers' Trust move nent, therefore, has become a necessit n order to secure an equitable exchang )f products, and to restore the norma sondition of trade or an equilibrium of >roduction and consumption. INTENSIVE GARDENING. rhe Trench System of Growing Vegetables Explained. At Lake City, Fla., Dr. J. F. Appels ias produced some extremely fine gard ;n lands by trenching the border of s ake; one principal object accomplished >eing the elevation of the surface abov )verflow. Of the usual method and bject the Times Democrat says: In Europe what is known as the tren ~hing system is practiced for growing egetables, and is well adaped on smal arms where space is scarce, and the Jar ~est amount must be Eecured in order tC et as much as possible from the soil, he Rural Home thus alludes to the nethod: "A farmer in Yolo county, Cal., has nade a great success in growing vege ;ables by following the system. He d2gl ranches about two feet and then fills ii nanure one foot, covering it over with he top soil. His theory is that thi nanure so warnms the earth that you car ~row vegetables all winter and that i1 raws moisture in the dry season" We do not believe in this theory thai he benefit is due to the warmth only rogh the warmth and moisture art .ncreasing by such mode of growing. The plan is to dig trenches two fee1 leep and two feet wide. The trenchei ire then filled to within nine inches o: he top with manure. Over this the tol ;oil is thrown, and the plants placed pon the soil. If the subsoil is throwr )ek, it must be first mixed with the anure and a small quanity of line prikled over it occasionally during the rocess, so as to hasten chemical action vhich not only disintegrates and renderi oluble the subsoil, but also causel 3hemical action on the subsoil by -the nanure. 'The manure being coverei with the top :oil, or mixed with the sub oil, cannot sufler loss by unison wit] tie. The trenching system requires labor but if any one will give it atrial he wil b convinced that it pays. The planti will at no time suffer for want of food by will endure drought and cold bet :er,"and toe ground will grow two o: bree crops, each crop being large and o m perior quality. We recommend it t< ill interested. A Wail F'rom Ohio. The following is an extract from the platform of the Republican party in Ohio rcently in co'.vention. Secton 4. The people of Ohio unqual iied condemn the refusal of the Demo ratic majority of the house of Repre setatives to permit the passage of th irect tax ref unding bill, passed by th< Repubican Senate, which was a proposi tion to repay to the loyal States, withou intersts, the money paid by them at the begining of the war to ald in suppressini the rebellion, and to cancel- the unpaii balance, principal and intrest, due fron Rebel States upon said taxes, and w. denounce as treacherous and cowardl: the surrender of Northern Democrats il Congress to a small minority of Er Confederates and their allies, and the abandonment of a bill which, if passed would have contributed nearly a millioz and a half dollars to the relief of the tax payers of Ohio. A good mny supposed educated peopi must ha:ve lbeen very much surprised o late to think how little they knew of th roal hisory of Germany. MR. CLEMSON'S BEQUEST. A STATEMENT OF THE PROBABLE EX tINT OF THE GIFT. n e A Large Quantity of Land are Some Per e sonal Property Given for a College where " Agriculture and Other Branches Shall I Be Taught. r (From the Greenville Daily News, April 14.) e No even: of recent years has aroused e more interest among the farmers, and the people generally, than the death, last B Saturday, of Thomas G. Clemson, the r venerable son-in-law and heir of John C. 1 Calhoun, and his bequest of "Fort Hill," r Mr. Calhoun's home during the latter t days of his life, to the State of South 1 Carolina for use as an agricultural col lege. A reporter. for the Greenville Daily - News went to Fort Hill on yesterday to obtain particulars in confirmation of and - addition to the few facts heretofore given 1 the public. He was fortunate enough to meet there the Hon. R. W. Simpson, . Mr. Clemson's trusted friend and agent ' and executor, who had gone from Pen a dieton to Fort Hill with Mr. Lee, of 3 New York, who married Mr. Clemson's daughter, and Miss Lee, a very young lady, the dead ma:i's only grand child and the great-grand-daughter of Mr. Calhoun. t Miss Lee has not been to Fort Hill be t fore since she was a small child and - there was a very picturesque scene soon 1 after her arrival when the old family 3 servants, some of them with snow white 3 hair and beard, gathered in the old fash 1 ioned, moss covered porch of the home 3 stead to see and pay their loyal respects I to the youngest representative of the family with which they have been iden tified so long. I Mr. Simpson is the only living person l who hat seen and read Mr. Clemson's 3 will, and as he has not yet probated it he was evidently reluctant to talk of its contents in detail. As so much has been published, however, most of it based on statements made by Mr. Clems 1n before his death and some of it incorrect, Mr. Simpson communicated the most im Eortant facts. - Mr. Clemson's will was drawn several years ago by the late Col. Jas. H. Rion, but several amendments and additions I more recently made were drawn by Mr. Simpson. He bequeaths to his grand daughter, Miss Lee, $15,000 in money and securities and 330 acres of the Fort I Hill place, with the provision that that - tract may be bought in and added to the remainder of the estate at a fixed price. Other legacies amount to $10,000, of - which $7,000 was paid before his death. All the remainder of the Fort Hill estate, with the buildings and the magnificent collection of rare pictures, except the family pictures, which go to Miss Lee, Mr. Calhoun's furniture and books re maining in the house and the stocks, bonds, money and other securities of Mr. Clemson, go to the State for the establishment and maintenance of an agricultural college. The Fort Hill place contains 1,150 acres. Of this 330 acres, as already stated, go to Miss Lee, but can be pur- l chased to keep the estate intact at a fixed reasonable price. Those intimate- l ly acquainted with Mr. Clemson's affairs estimate that the securities and cash re maining after the payment of all encum-i brances and expenses will be between l$50,000 and $60,000, available for de -veloping and endowing the college. The magnificence of the bequest can noD well be appreciated without an understanding of what and where Fort It is in Oconee county just at the point* where Oconee, Pickens and Anderson Iunite. It runs for some distance along the Seneca river and thence back into rolling uplands and heavi y timbered3 woodland. The house stands on the, crest of a gently rising hill in the midst of a wide park, an avenue of old and beautiful cedars leading to it. From the front there is a glorious view directly to the mountains until their purple lines mingle with the horizon; on another side the view over looks the Seneca, wending its way among the hills, and the old British fort, from which the place takes its name and which is on the Fort Hill plantation. The residence is in eight of the Rich mond & D~anville railroad track, at a distance of half a mile, and is four miles from Pendleton, on the Blue Ridge rail road, four miles from Central, on the Richmond & Danville road, and seven miles from Seneca City, the meeting point of the two railroads mentioned. Iani hr to imagine a requisite for aagricultumal college which Fort Hill does not possess. It has nearly 200 acres of the finest bottom land, creek and river bottom, cleared upland, pasture land in wide stretches and a great belt of first growth timber, and its upland soil is partly gray and partly red land. It is abundantly watered with springs, wells and creeks and has all possible natural convenience for dairy, bathing houee ond itaundrye purposes. Where a crek o itempiesinto the Seneca river there is a good water power which has been used for a mill which did the neigh borhood grinding. A fair estimate of the value of the real and personal property included in the bequest makes it exceed $109,000, with omi, of course, including the pictures and furniture, which are priceless. Contrary to general expectation, the library is a very ordinary one, most of the more valuable books having been borrowed, stolen or otherwise lost during Mr. Clemson's long period of retirement and partial illness. The property is given to the State to be used as an institution for instruction in agriculture, but the will directs that the college shall not be exclusively agri cultural and that proper attention be given to other studies and to a general collegiate course for students. -If the State accepts the gift, the college is to be under the management of seven trus . tees, named in the will, Messrs. R. W. Simpson, D. K. Norris, B. B. Tillman, M. L. Donaldson, Rt. Ei. Bowen, J. E. e Bradley and J. E. Wannamaker. In f case the State refuses to accept the gift e these trustees are authorized and directed to proceed with the establishment of the college, using an amount specified in in the will for buildings and making tuition as nearly free as they may find possible or advisable. It was no sudden freak that inspired Mr. Clemson's action. As long ago as 1866 he was interested in the establish ment of such an institution as his will provides for and he was then active in forwarding a scheme to procure private gifts and subscriptions for the purpose. After the tragic death of his only son, killed by a railroad accident in 1871, be became more than ever before interested and evolved and publicly anno'unced his purpose to devote the Calhoun property to the glorious purpose of promoting practical agriculturai education. Since then he has thought and talked much of the subject and his will was no surprise to those who knew him best or to Mr. Lee, his son-in-law, who knew long ago the destination intended for the prop erty. On returning from Fort HiDl, the Greenville News representative met at Central D. K. Norris, now the foremost leader of the "farmers' movement," and since Mr. Tillman's formal retirement, the most prominent and persistent advo cate for a separate farmers' college. Mr. Norris was quiet on the subject of the Clemson bequest, but evidently deeply enthused and very much in earnest. He said the gift put the whole matter of the college in the hands of the farm ers, and they could secure a magnificent institution for agricultural education if they will use the opportunity. With the amount from the land scrip now given the South Carolina College and the, money from the fertilizer tax. now di verted to the college annex and other purposes-every cent of which, he said, was legally and morally for the use of the farmers for educating farmers-an income of $10,000 a year would be se cured for the new college, with its grounds and buildings all provided and some income from the surplus endow ment. That was m6re than the- State Military Academy and the State College have together, he said, and would give a splendid, thoroughly efcient agricul tural college capable of accommodatig undreds of students, without -the addi tion of one cent to the taxes. He did ot believe, he said, in free tuition. That question had been, settled in the ease of the State College. But he thought it probable a system would be idopted by which students would be abled to pay the whole or a large part Af their own expenses by extra work and, service in the institution. One valuable feature of the Fort Hill library will probably puzzle the executor md the trustees to dispose of it. It is the manuscript of the completed first volume of the life of John C. Calhoun, prepared by the late Pinckney Starke, with the aid of Mr. Clemson. It is, owever, all in a peculiar short hand invented by Mr. Starke himself, and appears to defy all efforts to translate it. afany of the documents, reports and 2ther manuscript used by Mr. Starke. md collected by him and B. M. T. Eunter, of Virginia, who undertook jo prepare a life of Mr. Calhoun, but was 3ompelled by poverty to relinquish it, ere in an oldtrunk in the library build ng and may be found valuable by some ater biographer. After the talk with Col. Simpson and Jo1 Norris and after seeing the intense )arnestness with which they appear to )e inspired in the execution of the, work eft with them to do, the News represen ative had no difficalty in bringing to is mind's eye the picture that was loubtless presented to Mr. Clemson's magination many times-the picture of she homely house, hallowed by the name >f the grim old statesman whose face with its Celtic cheek bones and blazing ~yes looks with life-like gaze from the zner walls, the centre of a group of tatlier buildings-of the rounded slopes >f velvet green, made deep and dark be eath the interlacing branches of the iturdy cedaas and of lighter and more elicate shifting tints where they fall iway in the sunlight to the silver river >n one side and the murmuring, spark ing stream and bending willows on the >ther, peopled with the young and sturdy bone and sinew of the State alhoun loved so well and represented ,o grandly, learnmng how to make her icher, grander and happier-the glori >us, fruitful home of a people as pros. erous and strong as they have ever-been rave, generous anid free. A Pet Alligator. Two little daughters of Mrs. George rabler, of Longview, Tex., have a cute ittle pet alligator about four feet in Length whose name is Jim. Jim knows is little mistresses, recognizes his name when called, and submits or enjoys an nlimitedamount or petting, particularly snjoyed the scratching of his back, and, surprisingly, seems to be sensitive to the scratching through his thick skin. A dog sxcites his anger, and when one intrudes spon his 'gatorship he issues forth a musky oder that is disagreeable to any well -regulated human olfactories. Jim's~ winter diet, so far as the family can notice, consists of mud, and whenever the weither is mild the 'gator is permit. bed to wallow in its mudhole, whence it uomes back puffed up until it looks like in Alderman, or a prairie pony after irinking and ending a two days' thirst. 'The little girls sometimes dress Jim up m a doll, and the reptile has quite sup planted pet clucking raccoozns and squir eels in the affection of the girls, owing, is s supposed, to its odd ugliness. A Prodigal Cat. "It was a white cat," said a townsman ast night, "and every one in the family thought a great deal of it. It was considered a very knowing cat-one of those felines quite capable of taking care of No. 1. One day it was missing. Great was the grief, especially of the children, Just five years afterwards that cat same back to the house. It was first seen walking on a stone wall, as it had often been seen walking there before it so mysteriously disappeared. It recognized members of the family and purred witn great satisfaction. Some one suggested that, after all, is might be another cat, and a test was made which proved it was he same one. The original cat had been taught to open ene of the doors by jumping up and strikig the latch wiun its paws. Puss was put in the room and the door closed. In a few minuted it was heard to strike the latch. Thei door opened and the cat walked out. Kintn (N Y.) Freeman,