The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, January 11, 1888, Image 1
VOLII. - MANNINQ' C LAREN DON CUNT "Y, S. C., W EDNESDAY, JANUARY 1,18 O 0
UNDER filE CZAS R ULE.
HOW THE PEASANTS OF RUSSIA ARE
- KEPT IN SUBJECTION.
Long Hours or Duty--Their Homes. Tilling
the Soil. Harvestin;: Scenes--An Interest
Ing Letter on the Customs of a Remark
able Nation.
(P. S. Heath in New York Mail and Express.)
ST. PTEnsiWRG, December 28.
Peasant life life in Russia presents an
interesting study. In the rural portion
of the country is found quite three
fourths of the entire population, St.
Petersburg and Moscow being the prin
cipal cities, and therefore the bone and
sinew is with this class of people. Only
about 5 per cent. of the peasants can
read and write, and few have the ordi
nary instincts of man and woman. They
are superstitious, ignorant and stupid.
But this is not a wonder. They have
been a free people scarcely longer than
the blacks of America, it being during
the troublous slavery times inthe United I
States that Alexander II. issued an ukase
giving the white slaves of Russia free
dom. They were not slaves in the sense
of being owned, body and soul, by their
landloids. The land which they occu
pied was the property of the nobility,
and none were permitted, when once
located on a farm, to leave it permanent
ly or to go beyond a certain distance,
even temporarily.
No schools were provided for the
peasants during the time of slavery,
none are provided now, and then, as at
the present time, the design of the Czar,
influenced by the nobles, was to keep
them in the densest condition of servi
tude and ignorance. Their earnings on
the farms ae gauged by the landlords so
that they have just enough on which to,
live. As no means were provided for
the elevation of the slaves when they be
came serfs, they have remained exactly
where they were found, and for all prac
tical purposes they might just as well
have remained slaves. It is generally
believed that the Czar's act in emanci
pating them was to gain diplomatic favor
abroad.
in A PsASArT's HOsE.
A peant's house is a very rude
structure and contains none of the ele
ments of comfort, healthfulness or clean
liness. Frequently the stables are under
the same roof with the tenant. His
allowance of furniture, food and cloth
ing being fixed by his landlord, he lives!
scantily. The building is usualy of
iine or cedar los about ten inches in
diameter, bark and set neatly together.
'it is of one story in height, with one1
rom, generally has three or four win
tdws, with one sash in each, and they
are protected from the outside by rude'
board shutters, which when closed at
night make complete darkness within
and ventilation miserable. The floors
are of logs and earth, and the beds are
on the floor.
There are no stoves in a peasant's
house. A stick and clay chimney fire
place suffices. Here warmth is secured,
and the food is cooked in kettles. The
family meal is spread on the floor, and
the repast is partaken of while sitting on
folded legs, tailor style. In front of
many of these houses, which are covered
with hay and poles-a rough ecrt of
thatch-the traveler frequently sees a
drosky from the city, the vehicle of the
landlord, who pays daily visits. The
peasnt has very crude agricultural im-1
pements. He generdily makes them at
'n own furnace and gives them finish
and polish on his own grindstone.
The peasant's grindstone is a huge
affair, is turned by one man, while
another, sitting up on a frame above it,
manipulates the implement. Axes, plow
shares, scythes, wagon tires, portions of
harness, horseshoes and everything used1
about a farm or stable are finished on
-the grindstone. A crude little furnace
heated with "peat" or pine chips and the
grindstone comprise the manufacturing
applian of the peasant. His plow is a
sunple pole with handles on a dead level
with the tongue, which has an offshoot
downward, on which the share is nailed
or tied.
A 'gscene in Russia, with the
odframe, the crude, triangular
or dao-shaped share and the tiny
little furrow made, would be disgusting
as well as pitiable to the American farm
er's eyes. The draught or weight of the
plow comes directly from the high
bowed hame, which extends two feet
above the horse's neck and which is fas
tened to the collar. Instead of traces
the tongue or shafts do the pulling. The
Rnssian in no walk of lifehasyetlearned
the philosophy of direct draught from
the collar of the horse. All vehicles are
drawn by the shafts and tongues, and
these are fastened to the high hame or
bow, which in turn is fastened to the
~collar. There isno such thing as trace
straps or chains. Carriages are thus
drawn.
weims TH nEAL WORKRS.
The women in Russia do two-thirds of
the work in the country. There are im
mense wheat, oat and hays fields every
'igere, and in August there is great
activity in the country. The large ma-1
jority of persons at work are women.
They -wear short dresses, plain and
straight, and a long piece of cloth over
' i~~slike the Arabs. The wheat
is sown throadast, and if not cat by the
women with sickles is harvested with the
old-fashioned scythe, which has a two
nd snead and a broad, short blade.
m the snead up to the handle there
is a wooden bow something like, in ep
pearance, the half of a heavy bancl!
hoop. This bow keeps the wheat, eLe.,
from falling back over the scythe hatdle
and scattering. I have never yet seen a
man who would deign to gather up, ghia
and stack the wheat or oats when once it
was felled. The women must do tis
while the men do the "gentlemanl~y"
work, although I have seen many wo1:me
cutting the grain with the scythe. Th
neighbors club together in harvest and
help one another.
A Russian harvesting rnzvos is
quite lively, and is the scee of a m-otoy
crowd. The old men and you~ng, boy
and girls, with their mothers, gran
mothers and aged women, assemible at
daybreak. There -are a number of
horses, on which are carried water; food
and extra implements. The horses the
ann and maa ride. whil the old women
walk. They always carry the scythes,
forks and rakes back and forth every
day, and work as long as there is day
light; and since it is daybreak at 3 a. m.
and not dark till 9.30 p. im., the hours of
labor are long ones.
The forks used in the fields are made
of the prongs of tree branches. A limb
is selected which has at least three off
shoots, and from this a hay or wheait j
fork is made. The wheat is stacked at
first like that of America; except in the
matter of cap-sheafs. Instead of three
or four top-sheaps just one is placed. It
is turned heads down and spread so as to
cover the entire stack. The heads of
Russian wheat are long and slender and
the grain small and red. It would be
graded at Duutl or Chicago as No. 2.
The straw is rank and slender, and the
yield a little more prolific than in Amer
lea. It is harvested and sown in the
same mouth, August. When the wheat
is sufficiently matured it is hauled on
long, slender, one-horse wagons to the
windmill on the farm and threshed.
Hauling wheat to the thresher is a
leisurely and lazy work, and is never
done till the plowman wants the ground
it occupies. The windmill which fur
nishes the flail power for the threshing
is the same found throughout Holland
and Germany. It is double-armed, the
same as the one Don Quixote set out to
conquer. These mills are very common
around Warsaw, in Poland, and are
used for every conceivable work, the
women even grinding their coffee, churn
ing and washing with them. The!
erlightest breeze sets them going, as their
faces are turned against the wind so as
to catch its full force. This appears,
however, to be the only labor-saving in
stitution found in Russia.
I asked a landlord why he did not in
troduce the modern implements cn his
farms, and was informed that labor was
too cheap; besides, it was fourd ad
vantageous to give as many people work
in the country as possible, because if
they go to the towns or cities they be- !
come troublesome! It will not be till
the serfs leave the farms that Russia will
have modern improvements; and not till
then will she compete to any great ex
tent with the United States in supplying
the wheat markets of Europe.
NO mDUCATIOs rs TEE POOR.
lthough ignorant and kept away from
;eneral communication, the ',easants in
Kussia are becoming greatly dissatisfied
with the way they are treated by the
government and the landowners. They
:ake the recently issued edict on the
ubject of education to cover their case
more especially than that of any other
class. The ministry of public education
as but recently declared that it will
stop the last avenue possible to the edu
cation of the poor classes. It wiil not'
permit them to enter even the private
iniversities, and has closed the doors of !
he public ones by a circular to the ca
ators of the scholastic circuits, an
jouncing that "gymnasia and pr.o
gymnasia will henceforth refuse to re
ceive as pupils the children of
lomestic servants, cooks, washer-women,
;mall shop-keepers and others of like
condition, whose children, with the- ex- .
eption, perhaps, of those gifted with
xtraordinary capacities, shoaid not be
raised from the circle to which they be-.
[ ng and be thereby led, as long as ex
perience has shown, to despise their
parents, to become discontented with!
heir lot and irritated against the inevit
tble inequalities of existing social posi
ions."
The real re 'son that this extraordinary
.roclamation has been issued is t.e.
~rowth of Nihilism. This the officials
teely and frankly admit. They say
hat as soon as the child of a peasant1
ets into school and begins to read and
link he or she becomes a Nihilist, and
goes into the community from whence
he pup came .anda'r.:a .infec
aon-So'thielast channel to intellie'ice
s to be thus closed. The edict was'
ssued at the instance of the nobility,
Lnd is also intended to check the emigra
ion from the farms to the cities.
A Big Fi h Story.
A most remarkable story of trout fish- I
ng comes from Cape Breton Island, in!
~he extreme northern part of Nova!
cotia. The narrator's hero is himself,
mrd he says that one writer, being tired
>f salt beef, went out to catch trout for1
is table. In that locality the fish are
uite plentiful when the w-aters of Lake
Ainlee are sufficiently warm to cause.
bhem to seek a cooler retreat, and on
:he day in question the conditions must!
have been unusually favorable, for theJ
Esherman's only trouble was in the ex-!
rtion of landing the numerous eatches.
o eager, indeed, were the fish that they
would often jump above the water to get
bhe bait, and the soortsman concluded
to facilitate matters by dangling the:
ook about a foot above the water and
getting on his knees and giving the fish,
e~s fast as they jumped up, a dexterous
box on the ears that sent them sprawling
an the ice. The plan worked admirably,
mnd the narrator's hand was kept so~
busy that he was finally forced by sheerI
fatigue to put an end to the novel
pastime. What is called a conservative
estimate places the quantity of fish so
cured at over four barrels. The gentle
man was prohibly willing to return to
salt beer before he exhausted the supply
on hand. What a paradise for anglers
that particular stream must bei And
what an inventive genius that lone fish
erman is!
The Hatch Fund.
The thirty-seven agricultural colleges
and experimental stations whiceh have
been hungrily w.atching and waiting for
the first navment of .their 8153,000( a year
whic'h Conirress voted them in Ma'rch,
1867, will perhaps get ever frowning at'
Comptroller Durham now. He has put~
a request for a lump sum of .338,000i for
them in ithe urgerst dciency bill, with
the calm statement that he coulid notpay
the money out becausec the bill was not
drawn so as to emipower him to do so.
He does not sav that the man who drew
the bill showedf himself to be rather a
chump, but that is what he mnens to
unvey. The comptroller says that u
der the provisions of the Act Dahkota
establirhed one experiment station, and
other States have been making enhocxge-1
ments and improvements, but he hanot~
been able to give them a penny yet.
"Isn't it terrible, hubby, that they allow
a man to have four wives in Turkey?"
"Not so terrible as it wouldI he if it were
D. i .L MNNING'S LIFE.
A Poor Roy h:lo Made Himself One of the
Greatest Politicians.
(:rom '.h; New York Press
Daniel Manning was born in Albany,
August 16, 1831. His father died when
he was a child, and he was obliged to
provide for himself when only nine
years of age. His first cmployment was
in- the oflice of the Albany Atlas, which
was subsegaer.tly merged into the
Argus. He began by sweeping out the
office, and in course of time came to be
the "devil" of the establishment.
While in this position he learned to
set type, and gradually rose to the posi
tion of foreman of the composing room.
Then he joined the reportorial staff of
the Arius and !irst reported the mar
kets. Afterward he was appointed to
report the proceedings of the State Sen
ate, and was employ ed in that capacity
for a number of years. He subsequently
became a stockholder in the Argus, and
in 1865 was made associate editor. When
William Cassidy, the chief editor and
president of the Argus Company, died in
1S73, Mr. Manning's judgment, general
intelligence and business talent obtained
for him the presidency of the company.
HIe very seldom wrote any editorials for
the paper, but contented himself with
directing and managing its affairs.
In 1873 he also became connected with
the National Chemical Bank of Albany,
and was elected a director. He was ad
vanced to the vice-presidency in 1881,
and in the following year, upon the
death of General Robert H. Pruyn, he
became the president. He was also a
member of the Aibapy Park Commis
sioners, one of the trustees of the Fort
Orange Club, a director of the Albany'
Railway, the Albany and Susquehanna
Railroad Company and the Albany Elec
trical Light Company.
Mr. Manning during all his life took
in activeinterest in politics, but it was
oniy of late years that he became known
1s a political leader. He was scarcely
known at all in political circles outside
Af Albany prior to the election of Samuel
I. Tilden as Governor of New York. He
was appointed a delegate from Albany to
the convention of 1874, which nomi
aated Mr.- Tilden for Governor, and
proved so-useful in the campaign which
followed that he gained Mr. Tilden's
onfidence. He was always a Democrat,
mud thoroughly believed in the princi
ples of that party.
In 1876 he was elected a member of
he Democratic State Committee. In
t879 SO he served as secretary of the
:ommittee and in 1881 he was chosen its
president, a position he occupied con
:inuously for several years. In 1880 he
ad become regarded as Mr. Tilden's
nest trusted adviser, and was one of the
Lost influential members of the New
Eork delegation in the national conven
;ion which nominated General Winfield
3. Hancock for President. It was.
lrhrugh him, as chairman of the New
Cork delegation, that Mr. Tilden com
nunicated to the convention his de
ision not to stand again for the Presi
leLcy.
It has been said that Mr. Manning was
nainly instrumental in securing the
iomination of Mr. Cleveland for Presi
lent, and that a month previous to the
nesting of the State Convention of 1882
ie remarked to some political friends
;-ho called on him at the Argus office:
'It seems to me we had better nominate
his man Cleveland, of Buffalo."
At the special request of Mr. Tilden,
President Cleveland invited Mr. Man
ling to become a member of his Cabinet
end offered him the Secretaryship of the
treasury.
He was always a man of delicate
1ealth, and upcn the groundi that his
yhysical condition would not warrant
iim in assuming the labors of the office
Ir. Manning at first declined. Influ
seces were brough to~da'fdEul1a
nduccd him to enter Mr. Cleveland's
Jabinet.
The labors of his position, as he fear
ad, were more than he could sustain.
Ele was returning fromn a Cabinet meet
non March 28, and was about to enter
he Treasury building when lhe was at
;acked with dizziness, and fell heavily to
he ground. He was taken to his home
n a carriage, where he remained for a
sonsiderable time under the care of his
>hysician.
He tendered his resignation as Secre
ary of the Treasury to the President on
rune 4. but Mr. ClAeveland refused to
eccept it, and induced him to take a
ong vacation. Again Mr. Manning sent
.n his resignation on February 14, of
his year, to take effect on March 4, and
~his time the President accepted it with
~egret, which he expressed in a lengthy
alogistic letter.
Mr. Manning then took a trip to En
:ope and spent some time at the seaside
~esort of Bournemouth, but received no
,ermanent benefit. Previous to his
esignaton he was offered the presiden
~y of the Western National Bank, which
w'as about to begin business in this city.
This position he also dcclined upon the
core of ill health, but was told that if
.e would accept if' he would be given a
eave of absence which he could termi
:ate at his own pleasure. He consented
:o this arrangement and the bank was
>pened.
~Miss Mary Little was Mr. Manning's
irst wife, wmihom he married in 1853. She
lied in 1882, leaving four children. The
sdest son, James Hilton Manning, is
enanaging editor of the Argus, and the
>ther son, Frederick Clinton Manning,
es an active young business man, One
yf the daughters is the wife of John A.
Delehanty, an Albany lawyer. Mr.
Xfanning married his second wife, Miss
Say Margueritta Freyer, of Albany, on
November 19, 1884.
We. are pr'epared to selli Pianos and
Drg'ans of dhe best make at factory
prices for Cash o'- easy Instalments.
Panos from 8210 ul,, Organs from $24
up. Thce ediet of the people is that
theyv canu save the ircight and twenty-five
per cent. by buying of us. Instruments
LteliveredQ to any depot on fiteen days'
tral. We pay freight both weys if not
satictory. Order and test in your
own 'omes. Respectfully,
N. W. TRUMP,
Columbia, S. C.
.1. E. Pxnsoco's Merchant Tailor Es
tablisliment, Columzbia, S. C., is in full
blast. Only a look will convince any
one. All that want a first-class fitting
suit try him. A full line of ..he best
goods on hand.
{_---LOVE'S WAXING.
The Fickle Bertha Dupre and Her
Husband.
(From the Cineinnati Enquirer)
In the great Algerian smoking-room,
extended on a divan, Bertha felt that
time laid heavy on her hands. She lost
all thought of the book that she had just
read, and which had slipped from her
ap to the carpeted floor, soft, thick and
rich in colors.
The October sun played wantonly
through the slightly opened window
upon the curtain hangings and the gilded
nails of the furniture.
Bertha dreamed of herself as the
maiden; recalled the day of her mar.
ridge, two munths ago, and one by one
the days, the hours which had since
rolled by, and from time to time you
could see her shrug her shoulders and
pout her lips.
Bertha is not pretty, yet somehow, if
you could only see her, you certainly
could not help feeling that she merited
being loved. The heavy treasure of her
chestnut locks massed at the back
straightened up her head into an atti
tude of noble, graceful pride. Her
brown eyes, ordinarily indifferent, often
mocking, forget themselves sometimes,
and strayed off into dreams. And her
mouth, a little large, perhaps, but it
knew how to laugh one of those clear,
ringing laughs that you felt came from a
real good, honest soul.
Love? Well, no! she did not love.
Why? It is that eternal history: A rich
heiress, a commoner, thoughka Parisian,
who promised herself within fifteen
years to bear a title and have a "salon,"
she had not understood that the brave
young man who called himself simple
George Dupre and lived ten months out
of the twelve on his landed estate, know
ing Paris only by several weeks of each
year there, had given to her something
as rare as a fine name in bringing to her
his great, good heart and strong youth.
Ah, if he had been a man of the world,
if the women had spoken in low tones of
his follies, the young girl would then
perhaps have remarked that in the great
blue eyes of her lover there was enough
frankness for all her confidence; love
enough for a wealth of affection. She
did not know that a man has no time for
love in Paris; that solitude and the free
air of the woods are the best counselors
of the heart. Bertha never once doubted
herself, and I should ba e never guessed
it if she had told me of it, and this was
how it came about. While she lay there
dreaming, the sun commenced to set and
the indiscreet ray cast into her chamber,
slid over the flowery carpet and cun
ningly approached the young woman.
It kissed her feet first, then her knees,
and mounted even to her face. Dazzled
by the light, Bertha rose to go and close
tne blinds.
Now, near this window, in the em
brasure, stood a pretty little piece of
urniture usuary locked with a key.
This day the key had been left in the
lock and one of the drawers was left
partly open, and among a common lot
of papers Bertha perceived a package of
letters bearing George's address, and
having nothing else to do to amuse her
self, and noting the superscriptions to
be in the fine, light hand of a woman,
and as silence reigned in the closed
chamber, the ray of the sun itself having
disappeared, she untied the ribbon that
secured the letters and began the zead
ing of them.
The first said simply:
"You are not thoughtful, my dear
friend. I asked for a few roses, a small
bouquet for my courage, and you sent
me a sheaf of flowers! I pardon you,
but see that you are wviser in the future.
By by. "LovrsE."
A packet of letters is like a book; one
loves to finger over the leaves and glance
through themn before reading them.
Bertha took from the middle of the
package-an-envelope ornamented with a
silver monoa drew out of it
another billet; it was s cely large~r
than the first, but it sai-i mor teri-i
nating with these worde: "You -ae
handsome!" This time it was sind
"Lo ulu."
This gave renewed interest, and, her
curiosity touched, she absorbed herself
in their reading for a long time. She
became passibnately interested, for her
hands trembled each time she unfolded
a letter. One time even she displayed a
little shiver of anger, and the tell-tale
red flushed her countenance.
Suddenly she heard a voice calling her
from without, that of her husband, who
had returned. She closed the drawer
quickly, rain out upon the steps and
found herself face to face with George.
H was standing there, his gun negli
ently thrown on his shoulder, cap in
his hand and a little dusty and a little
tanned, but young, strong and happy.
The day had been a good one and ac
cording to his custom he told her of his
lack and of the incidents of his hunt.
Bertha looked without saying any
thing, and in looking at him and listen
ing to his clear, vibrating voice she
seemed to, hear another voice, the soft
voice of a woman, breathing into her
ear and saying to her: "fell him. You
are handsome."
"Come, tell nme," said George to her.
"I have asked you the question now
three times. Shan't we have dinner in
half an hour? I am dying of hunger.
What say?"
"Very well; certainly," said she,
coming out of her reverie.
While ho mounted to his apartment
she remained thoughtful several min
utes, carcssing with a nervous hand
Jack, the favorite spaniel. Of whom
was she thinking? Stopping for several
minutes she then quickly ran up the
steps and entered.
In the smoking room, before the same
drawer of thre same piece of furniture,
erth4 neumned her interrupted reading.
She opened the last letter of the packeage,
which ran thus:
"31y Dn Farum: They speak of
your charming finance, and I know you
must love her. To yon I say, 'Be hap
py.' To her I can wish nothing. Has
she not snatched all this good fortune
from me? D~oes she know the fualli
measure of happiness? I would so like
to tell her. There! there! I grow weak'
and fooish. Adieu. "Lors."
Bertha ref olded the letters, tied them
together, and pressed them back with
the other paeers isto the drawer, then,
seating herself in the large arm-chair,
near thre window, remained quiet and
pensive.
The time rolled by and the young
mao womacm so lost -in her dreams
t. at she did not hear George enter. He
leaned over the back of the chair and
asked, laughingly: "Don't you know
that du:ner is ready?"
Bertha raised on him her moistened
eyes.
"What! weeping?" said he.
"No," said she, rising. Then she
passed her arm around the neck of her
husband and sighed. "No. I love you;
that is all."
THE COLUMBIA SEMINAIRY.
Dr. Woodrow Claims Zhat the "War" ipot:
Him Has been Renetewed."
The Southern Presbyterian, published
and edited by Dr. James Woodrow, late
professor in the Columbia Theological
Seminary of natural science in it? rela
tion to revealed religion, and present
professor in the South Carolina Univer
sity of geology and zoology, last Ihum
day contained a column editorial,
{ entitled "The war renewed," embodying
in greater detail the following statements
and comments:
"One of the inducements offered to
students in the Theological Seminary is
that the lectures of the professors of the
South Carolina University are open to
them. Accordingly during the last few
months several of the Seminary students
have been attending Prof. Woodrow's
classes, some regularly matriculating as
University students and others obtaning
permission from the professor to attend
regularly as visitors. Their attendance
suddenly ceased. After a time one of
them reappeared. From the minutes of
the New Orleans Presbytery the South
ern Presbyterian now learns the cause of
the cessation and reappearance, and as
certains that the attendance was forbid
den by Profs. Tadloek, Girardeau and
Herzman. The Now Orleans Presbyte
ry, after considering on the 27?a of De
cember a communication from the
faculty of the Seminary relative to that
Presbytery's candidate, who, acting un
der the Presbytery's Assembly corre
spondent, announced his purpose to at
tend Prot. Woodrow's lectures contrary
to the wishes of the faculty, adopted, by
a vote of 18 to 11, resolutions sustaining
the faculty and disapprovidg the action
of the Presbytery's correspondent of
education."
The Presbyterian adds that in October
Prof. Woodow was earnestly requested,
in the name of the Seminary students, to
take a number of them under his in
structions, either in his study or else
where, but peremptorily declined, but
subsequently several of them matricu
lated at the University in order to attend
his lectures, and as he could throw no
obstacles in the way of such actin, they
did thereafter attend them. Soon some
of the students ceased attending,andProf.
Woodrow learned that the Rev. G. A.
Blackburn, Dr. Girardeau's sod-in-law,
pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church
in Columbia, had informed several
students that their attendance at Prof.
Woodrow's University lectures was in
juring the Seminary by causing outside
friends to withhold contributions, and
the support of those who p-rsisted in
attending would be cut off. Sabsequent
ly Dr. Girardeau told one who had been
attending that such action was i direct
opre sition to the will of the entire
Ca ,rch, and that if students were al-1i
low-:d to listen to Prof. Woodrow's lee
tures the entire effect of the Church's
struggle for the last three years would
be nullified. The student, regarding
this as an official opinion, notified the
faculty of his intention of renewing his
attendance at the lectures. This an
vouncement was not replied to by the
faculty, but they sent the communica
tion already mentioned to the New Or
leans Presbytery.
The Southern Presbyterian expresses
regret that Drs. Tadlock and Herzman
have shown themselves entitled to a
place by Dr. Girardeau's side in the
front rank of extremist pirtiswus, and
says that it had not thought that they
would "be foud uniting with their col
league in boycotting a professor who isi
nuietly discharging his duties in the
Statd Univgity."
It is evidenit~ t~is-ee le~velop
ment will tend to keep open theq
of evolution so long fought over. It is
a curious fact that even the practical cx
communication of Dr. Woodrow has not
kept theological students from seeking
his instruction in geology and conse
quent dicta as to the origin of man.
A Good Thing for Boys~.
Manual training is one of the few good
things that is good for everybody. It is
good for the rich boy, to teach him re
pect for the dignity of beautiful work.
It is gorod for the poor boy, to increase
his facility for handling toog, if tools
prove to be the thing he must handle for
a living afterwarIt is good for the
bookish boy to draw him away from
books. But, most of all, it is good for
the non-bookish boy, too, in showing
him that there is something that heca
do well. The boy utterly unable, even
if he were studious, to keep up in book
knowledge and percentage with the
brighter boys, becomes discouraged,
dull and moody. Let him go to the
work room for an hour, and find that he
can make a box or plane a rough piece
of board as well as the brighter scholarI
nay, very likely better than his brighter
neighbor, and you have given him an I
impulse of seli-respect that is of untold!
benefit to him when he goes back to his
studies. He will be a better and bright
er boy for finding out something that he
can do well. Mind you, it is not plhning
the board that does him good; it is
planing the board in the presence of
other boys who can no longer look down
upon him when they see how well he
can plane. He mtight go home after
school ine a board in the bosom
of his family, or go to an evening school'
to learn to plane, without a quarter part,
nay, without any, of the invaluable
effect upon his manhood that it will have
to let him plane side by side with thosie
who in mental attainments may be his
superiors.-Amaerican Magazine.
A Pittsburg, Pa.. dispatch says that the2
maniresto issueid lasi night by th~e joinI
soiation :and thle Knights of Labior de
clares that th~e die is cast and tha:t a~ genera
strik-e at all 11f'y-live collieries in th Ir
s:,n, except those conceding tne eight per
emt. avanice. will be inaugu~rated today.
Five Rteading colh~eries ini operation yea~r
diy lid barelv suflicient men at work to
keep up appearices. In addition to the
Reading and ,arious collieries, all mineral
mining company (Pennsylvania Railroad
moros in Shnamokin district have ceasd.
Outrageous Conduct of a .0o, of NIroes
lu Lancaster County.
(Fron the Lancaster Lcd-er
About dusk on the evening of the 20th
alt., while Mr. W. J. Blackmon, a well
to-do farmer, who lives in the eastern
section of this county, was at his barn,
about forty yards distant from his dwell
ing, looking af ice his stock, several per
sons sct upon him with clubs and most
brutaily beat him until they supposed
they had lillcd him, when they took his
keys from his pocket and threw him into
the staible. Sam Kelly, a colorsed bay,
who lives about 200 vardes off, was the
first to apprise any one of Mr. Black
mon's condition. He says that he' heard
the blo'ws and supposed M1r. .. was
beating one of the mules, so he went to
the stable and found Mr. B. lyin; is the
stable as he supposed dead. He called
to his mother and told her that the
mules had killed Mr. Blackmon. They
informed Mrs. Blackmon, who was cook
ing supper, and they all three ran to the
stable where aIr. B. was lying insensi
ble and bleeding profusely from his
wounds. Mr. B. was removed to his
house and a physician sent for in post
haste.
In the meanitimse, while Mrs. B. was
out looking after her husband, the par
ties who committed the dastardly and
atrocious outrage entered the dwelling
through the front door, and going into
the room where Mr. B. keeps his safe,
attempted, with the keys they had taken
from his pocket, to open it. Failing in
this and breaking the knob off the safe
door they threw the keys on a bed in an
adjoining room through which they had
to pass and departed.
The following morning an inspeetion
of the stable lot was made for track ,a cd
racks of three persons were found com
ing from the back part of the lot to aud.
around the stable to the point where Mr.
B. was assailed. The tracks were appar
ently made by two persons wearing wo
men's shoes and one wearing boys' shoes
-the largest tracks being made by nnm
ber 7 or S shoes and the others by num
ber G shoes.
No effort is being spared to ascert in
the guilty parties. Six white men, one
woman and a colored boy have been ar
rested and lodged in jail on suspicion,
and it is likely that other arrests will be
made. Their names are: Oren Bone,.
Andy Deas, Elmore Deas, Jim Barret,
Sanford Barret, Stephen Hinsos, Fanny
Barret, all white, and Sam Kelly, cot
red.
Mr. Blackmon's condition is much
better and there is little doubt now of
,is recovery, though at first his wounds
ere thought to be fat:'l. He rezeived
;ive severe blows on his head, besides
bruises and cuts on his body, and his left
Forearm was broken. He lay unconscious
for several 1ays. It was hopea that. on
his recovering consciousless he woule be
.ble to tell the na-es ci his as.milints,
bat he has no recollection of having
:vor seen them.
Mr. Blackmon opened his sae on
HIonday and found that it was (ntered
cy the robbers on the night of t:c 20tJ.
: bag containing $2,000 in teld was:
taken, whiie one containing $1,00) in
old was not touched. He ii new able
o talk, but declines to say mnch about
he af8air. He intimated enough, how
ver, to give sone visitors to understand
hat the guilty parties were within the
each of the law. He sent for the sheriff
resterday.
Cleveiand and a Little Girl.
Mr. Cleveland evinces great fondness
or children. When he alight-d from
is carriage at the Mi'inesota Cub
aousc and was in the act of~ .st-endng
:he steps a little girl, seve' or- ei:ht
ears of age. evidently the child :ree
working people, puased her way throughs
;e crowvd and steppEd in fra of tha
President. The great man stoppe'd for
moment and looked 'do-;n upv-n the
ittle intruder. But whLen ho -~xth
leading expression in the brown eyes
>f the child, and the little girl marmuer
ad out: "Please, sir, I would iike to!
shake hands with the President of the
nited States," the look of pustere
lg~vn the President's face was sud
enly rept- '~ ssmile ot inteissest
gratificatio~n. "Certai' "arhin he
luckly responded, and the i, n"
was seon encased in his ow', whue wih
;he other he smoothed back the ec-!s
'rom the dimpled face and pat'ed the
>ush-tinged cheek. Fifty year: from
ow that tittle girl will probab y be tlil
ng her grandchildren tho sucidnt of!
er meeting with President Clevelad.
t. Paul Globe.
An Ornamient .'3 an Old Cour:.
The Princesse de la Tremoille has re
:ently died here at the age of seventy
;even. Her na me rccalls the reign of
ouis Philippe, of whose court she was
>ueC of the gretst . rnamn.s. Ais
Jile de Serxant she ma'e a i.hilliant
lebut at Court, and wa's instanty takhen
mi by- the King anda his cosort, 3Merie
&umelle. In Septemb-r, 18:30, Mille de
errasut married~ Prince Ch9.tres 'aarie,
Dusc de la TremLle0 an. d Priace of
Earentusm and Tialmo~nd, 9:iose b:rother,
royalist genrl of cavalry, w.as guil
otined by the Terrori t at L-wal in
I 94 thne Prince died in 18~:30. D)ring
ier Iong widowhood the Pri nces de~ . la
remoille led a very retired life ccu-~"~
ng herself chiefiy with the e~incz'tion of
ir son, thepresent Dac de hei TrL'n.ilie
vhbo is one of the most devgotd aie
-nts of th'e Orleans family, and w.anted~
;o o into exile with the Come de (i'ris,
>a was iersuaded by- that Prnc tc re
nain in~ France.-Iaris Di) ptch to
ondon Daily Telegraph.
H oirJS W~bGcat WVindow?.
There are las France 2h. .270 ao:art
enits psa i'ing accommo:tions for
>vr %hi,UU00 pereun , which rooms are
mtirely destitute o~ an other imeans of
tmittin air an:1 alns o y~i ti' or.
[n I Paris~ lone, the numboer of *..e
huslodged reaches a total of :,sG
tLere are. inT Londn over u;000Q ta
es wholiv~e in ce-iar" under the~ mes-t
mifavorablye conditions as regards slu
>ity. In Berina there ara :3'00 iui
s who occup~y only' portions o? rooms;
re wit a sort of shellm on *ac a
ather, miother and. chidren slee one
,ver the other.
A great improvement in enveloijt.s t
ymming of the lower inside. wid me
iper tlap remains clean to bse mfeir ened
nons usalb the tnonue
WILL POWDERLY STEP DOWN?
.1 Thorough Reorganization of the Knights
of Labor Said to be Coming.
(New York Mail and Express.)
According to reports that have been
received here by some of the more
prominent of the leaders of the Knights
of labor, the long-continued fight in that
organization will be settled by the
resignations of Master Workman Pow
deny, Secretary Litchman and the other
members of the so-called "administra
tien ring" and a complete reorganization
of the order. Thus a struggle of more
than three years will be brought to a
close. Careful observers, however, hold
that the end will come too late to save
the organization and that it is doomed
to disintegration. Up to the last mo
ment the administration hoped that
some compromise might be 'ved at
with District Assembly No. 1 o " - -
dalphia and through it with the other
districts connected with the Chicago
Provisional Committee, which is now
leading the open revolt. But no com
promise would be accepted by the
"kickers." The reaching of a definite
end on last Thursday night was pre
vented by the sudden illness of Master
Workman Powderly, but the other par
ties interested met and had an opportu
nity to indulge in some very plain talk,
the plainest of which came from Messrs.
Barry and Baily, the anti-Powderly
members of the General Executive
Board, whom the ring tried, but fald,
to oust from office at Minneapolis.
Powderly is now said to be willing to
step down. He is not shamiing sick
ness. Not only is he ill, but he is dis
gusted and discouraged as. well. His
recent tour through the East and the in
*ormation that has come to him from
c her sources have convinced him that
vie once great order of which he was
head is fast dropping to pieces. -The
growing strength of the revolt shows
him that there is nothing ahead but de
feat for him or the disintegration of the
organization. His sickness is oppor
tune. He will, according to the state
ments now made, use physicalincapacity
as an excuse for giving up his position,
will go abroad for a time and leave the -
others to fight the thing out as they
may.
But General Secretary Litchman, sn&
the others think they see a gleam of
hope in the delay secured by Powderly's
illness. Litchman will next week send
out his annual assessment notices to all
the local assemblies. Upon the re --
sponses will rest the last hopes of: the
administration group. The Provisional
Committee is not in any humor to allow
the ring to renew its supplies. It is now
represented in every State by district
assemblies, and every single local at
tached to these is being warned not to
pay a penny over to the Philadelphia
crowd. In addition, every possible in
fluence is be brought to bear upon 1o"'
cals that are not yet in open revolt to
induce them to withhold the amounisof
the assessments levied upon them.. As
matters stand at present it is pretty cer
tain that the amount of.money paid into
the general treasury this year will be in
significant when compared with former
years. The results of this financial boy
cott is obvious.
Meanwhile the National Provisional
Committee is continuing steadily on the
aggressive. The rebels now number
hundreds of thousands and are confident
of victory.
The Knights have watched the con
vention of the American Federation of
Trades at Baltimore with great interest.
To a Mail and Express reporter George
McMurray, of the Printers' Assembly,
aid he did not think that, proy
managed, the Knights wouldsuerb
reason of the phenomenal success of the
federation, adding:
There is room for both organizations,
and plenty oi work for each. It should
not for a moment be considered that
there is any rivalry cr competition be
tween the two organizations. Each is
engaged in a great work.
IndIustil Notes.
The cotton seed oil trust, by its im
proved machinery in th~e pressing of
cotton seed, saves in the aggregate from
ten to t wenty thousand bales offgtgiIg
which has heretof - ~4ot.
- were five sales of wool in Lon
don last year amounting to 1,180,000
bales.
The Standard Oil Company has run
during the past year 4,500,000 barrels of ~
oil through its lines i2 northern Ohio.
It is estimated that it will require
133,800,000 to support the various de
partments of the New York city govem
ment during 1888.
The total value of the mineral pro
ducts of the United States is estimated
at .$i65,000,000, an increase of $30,000;
000 as against the previous year. *
A new nail is coming on the market to
make more trouble. It is claimed they
will-run twenty per ceat. more to the
teg than the ordinary nAl and not one
imperfect nail is to be found in a keg..
They are to be sold at current prices.,
German steel is imported to make thenm
v'd a Chicago firm has the monopoly,.
Work the OJrder of the Day at Sing Sia.;
The 1. 55: convicts in Sing Sing Prison
began the New Year at their regular
tasks while the people in the outside
world were nihing merry. Only four
oi the cight legal holidays of the year in
this State are observed in the penal
colony up the river, and New Year's day
is not one of them. The prison opened
at 6.30 in the morning, and the convicts
avre marched to the big mess room
where 1,:100) ci thema siicntly breakfasted
togeth~er. Then, under the surveillance
of their keepers, they were marched to
their several rlaces of work. Not until
he~ natal dai- of the Riepublic will there
be any change from the prescribed plan,
bmt wholesome tare given them, and no
cessation from work except on Sundays.
As ou electiona day, Thanksgiving Day
na. Christmas, they will have an extra.
bi of fare. and can maake as much noise
athey want to oa the nexi; holiday,
ourth of .July.-New York World.
. 'Total Eclipse
of all other medicines by Dr. R. V.
icee's "Golden 3ledical Discovery" is ap
>ro: 'nLnmaled in billious disorders,
~ngnd consump~tion, which is
i of the ina