The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, March 30, 1887, Image 1
OL. Aii MN NIN(. i I EN ( OUN"' E. ( DN ES1D- k. ACI I .IS7 NOi15
it is quite comon to hear compitt
of the worthlessness Of at trge pro
tion of the commerciad fertilizers sold to
farmers. That sonie of these complaints
are well founded there is little doubt.
That many more are unreasonable and
'ust is utnite probable. Miny farmers
t that the fertilizers of lteZ1 years are
o good as those of ten or twelve
r more back. L-tus look into
tihe matter a little.
The average farmer ju es of the
merits er qunality o a i rtiir by the
effects of tile samie on the Crop to which
it was applied. Indeed, thi" is. the only
way he can safely detertaiue whether a
feritilizer has retirned i tai perccntage
on the investment. hut how often is it
true that the crop grows oif .nieely and
everything appears to pronsew a good
vield, and at last some casualty of
drought, or wet or frost, cuts off the
crop. During the early, and probably
the middle stages of growth, the farmer
is pleased with the fertilzcr; but when
he gathers his crop and the -aano man
wants his pay, and the bacon and ,iour
and dry goods bills, the doctor's bill.
etc., must be met-the cotton won't go
round. The dry weather, or the worms,
or the 4 storm inl September, " or some
one or more of the many civnualties to
which cotton is liable, has cat of' the
crop. May be the fertilizer was to
blame. But the fertilizer did not cause
the storm, nor the drought, nor the
worms; neither could it prevent these
casualties.
On the other hand, if the plant starts
off well and the seasons and Other con
ditions continue auspicious to the end of
the harvest, and the farmer gathers a
large crop, he is apt to be pltased with
the fertilizer he used, as well as every
thing that was connected with the crop.
One very important precaution is over
looked by a large majoriy v arimiers
who use commercial lertilzers. viz: the
test of the scales. It is unrea:onable to
insist that a fertilizer has "done the crop
when nn test or--_-riet
rowsS vseta-pthe fertilizer'
carefully weighed and dhstribated, and
the yield oi the crop gathered and
weighed under the very eye of the pro
prietor. With such a test plat, or sev
eral of them, accurately conducted, it is
possible to easily and certainly determ
me what has been the econcie result.
On diferent soils and with diarcu sea-!
sons and other conditions, rLser lts
will be discordant or hfet , even
when the identical ferilzer ha- been
used. One of the moat impurtant con
ditions-or rather circn st.ne-that
affects the question of proilt wie~n tiue
money has een paid, or is to Lo .i
for the fertilizer, is the price vf cotto.
But if to be paid for in cotto" i, does nov
afect the question at all.
Now, what is a fair protit on tue in
vestment in a fertilizer? A fanaer ought
to be well content to realize or 1(.1 per2
cent. per annum profit onl he iixed
and working capital emplo. d ii his
business after alluwing' a reasnable sam
for his services and tor wear a tear,
insurance, etc. He woald td..Ly rent
out his land, or a portion of 1:, on such
terms, and devote his perso:: attenti on
to something else. Then 'h ly suaiald
he expect any greater per ceIt. proit,
"one year w ith another," on Lis invest
ment in a fertilizer?
One ton of standard fertilizers, hauled
and distributed in the soil, costs, say
thirty (.30) dollars cash. Ihe money is
paid-say April 1st-and the crop is
harvested and ready for market-say
Getober 1st-six months. Suppose the
increased yield of cotton, after dteducting
the extra expenses of paeiiig and
ginning, and adding thle vaiue of the
extra seed, is thirty-five dollars, or hive
dollars clear profit. Eive dollars net in
crease in the value of the crop due to
use of a ton of fertilizer would not be
considered unusual; it is probably much
below the average results. But live dol
lars on thirty dollars, for six months, is
162 per cent., or 3:3 per cent, per
annumi Or suppose ;35o pounds of lint
cotton is the pnice agreed upon for the
fertilizer, payable November 1st, and
that the increased yield is 425 por ds.
We now have 75 pounds of lint cotton
more than enough to pay for the fer
tilizer.
No reasonable man will be likely to
deny the fairness of the above figures.
The per cent. increase credited to the
fertihzer is probably less than the aver
age results of the use of comumercial fer
tilizers in general-good, bad and in
different-for a series of years together,
say for the last ten years- It is trune that
they are not so great as for the preced
ing period of ten years, or, mn other
words, that commercial fertilizers do not
yield as good results on the same fields
as they did ten or fifteen years ago. This
may be accounted for witunt assuming
that the quality of commercial fertilizers
has been lowered. Chemical analysis
shows that they have not. field tt s
on similar lands that have not blcn "rim
to death" in cotton with concentr~atedi
fertilizers prove that the same results
can now be secured as before, with aver
age fertilizers of the present time. More
over, the price of standard fertilizers has
steadily declined-the cost of material
and manipulation being less and compe
tition reducing the profits of the mana
facturers and dealers.
What, then, is the diilieahy: D
those farmers who refrain from thle use
of commercial fertilizers succeed au
better? If they do, is their prosperill
due to th?eir policy in this re c, r a
it not in spite 01 it, angd bcae a. e
especially in the utilizing uome n.ur
al resources? Wh t'he~ latr p.*
suppemer~td ,by th e juiio se
liberal) use of tne best grade.s of co'
or mixed--as far as po'.sibl.at hom
we almost invariabiv see th be<t res.,itl
Nearly all of tile most prosperou:s far1
ers in the coumary are those who' dA) not
depend on bought fertiliz-rs al'e, b
who bring intei'igen>-, skill, 2:.tr
and sound judgment to.a .u
details of farming.
The fact is, too muh e-ut
fertilizers. (3uanocau coi a
for the absence of its Tam a
habits, etc., that c.ar 01te/z 'iL
cessful farmer. If afarme ' oa
using guano, falls behind at th n..
thirty dollars to the mule, it is not rell
sonable to expect that hie will "come oIui
evn, much less "ahead." by using
ton of fertiliz:er to the mule, withol
V-mh'. ing with the other conditions k
ieccssfual farming. He might as we
exPeet to make a mu--cian of liis son 1
siniply buying him a fiddle.
The Cotton 1ovement.
The New York Financial 'Chronichl
reviewing the cotton movement, sa.i
that for the week ending Friday, Mare
1,. the total receipts have reached 57.71
bales. against 72,953 last week. 79,9.
the previous week, and 95,01:3 thre
weeks since; making the total receipi
since 1st September, 188G, 4,959.97
bales, against 4,727.174 for the same p(
riod . f 188-86, showing an incrcao
since September 1. 188, of 232,40
bales.
The exports for the week ending Fr
dar evening reach a total of 1:7.7:
halCs, of which 77,:39; were to Gree
Britain, 4,470 to France, and 55,870 t
the rest of the continent. The tot
sales for forward delivery for the wee
are 5:2,700 bales. For immediate deli'
erv the total sales foot up this wee
1,218 bales, including 1,218 for consumi
tion. The imports into continental port
this week have been 50,000 baes.
There was a dicrease in the cotton i
sight Friday night of 66,741 bales a
compared with the sane date of 1S$
an increase of 149,01 bales as compare,
with the corresponding date of 18S;
and a decrease of 198,708 bales as com
pared with 1584. The old interior stoclk
have decreased during the week 35,34:
bales, and are to-night 190,:182 bales les
than at the same period last year. Th
receipts at the same towns have bee:
5.1111 bales more than the same week las
year, and since Septeimbler 1 the receipt
at all the towns are (-9,485 bales mor
than for the same time in 1865S36.
The total receipts from the plantation
since September 1, 16,ts, were 5,112,42
bales: in 188.%; were 5,1(4,04t; i:
1s88 5 were 4,675,306. Although th
receipts at the outports the past wee]
were ~:,71; bales, the actual imovemen
from plantations was only 21,668, th<
baance being taken from the stocks a
the interior towns. Last year re
from the plaatoth -i6T same wee]
ere 729~ Lales, and for 1885 they wer
21,906. The increase in the amount ii
sight Friday night, as compared wit]
last year. was 59,4-1 bales, the increas
as compared with 1884-83 was 628,573
and the increase over 188:-S4 was 694,
379.
The Chronicle thinks that these figure
may be a little inaccurate, because, be
tween the 1st Septenber, 1 and th,
1st March, 1s7. cotton which passe<
through SavanLa. consigned to Charles
toL, was incudeI in the receijpts of cacd
ioit'--were tv.iee couted. These twice
counte d shipments aggregated 27,25'
A Type of Wa--hin.on.
One of the most conspicuous, and con
sequently, as things are estimated here
most successful ot all the host of thesi
spirants for social laurels is the widov
Of a it1ocky Mountain mining camp bar
keeer. She herself was a washer
womaal, and II spite of several years
residence in "Yuriu." ret.dus much o
the brogue and many of the characteris
tics of her formerly highly honorabl,
and useful avocation. But what matter
it that she cannot utter a sentence of re
spectable English? What, though i1
resplendent Parisian creations of satin
velvet and feathers, she looks like th<
queen of a Biddle's masquerade? She i
rich as a she-Cresus, and "entertains
like a she-Lucullus--"entertainment" i3
this city of execrable taverns referring
largely to punch and salad bowls, cro
quette platters and wine bottles. Sh<
gorges the not-too-fastidious leaders o
the Washington "Vanity Fair" with thi
highest priced situals, and swills then
with the choicest vintages of B3urgund;
and chamzpagne. One of her recen
"blowouts," as she would call it, brough
together many of the most noted peopl
in the capital and guests of distinctioi
from distant parts of the country.
That miracle of municipal modesty
Chcago, conibuted a par of thes
gilded elbowers and pushers, whos
grotesque, gold-plated antics have fo
two or three years afforded amusemen
to on-gazing gods and men. Nothing i
too extravagant for their Chicagones
neve or cheek. They went into oflicia
mourning a year or so ago for a p~erso:
they had never met, and there senm
little reason to doubt that if her Majesty
Victoria, by the grace of God Queen o
England anld Empress of India, shouni
happen to pass in her royal checks thei
brown-stone castle would fly a black ila;
for thirty days and discount thie Britis.
Minister's residence in profuseness c
emblematic woe.-Washington Letter t
St. Louis Gilobe-Democrat.
A liero of Amllariil lie r'ut'.
"It was once my fortune," he_ say:
"to see a young man take an ax in i
hand and walk alone'across 200 yards c
openl ground under the tire of 400 die
mounted troopers, anid deliberately ec:
down at telegraph pol'. While he wt
chopping away at the tough cedar woo
I could plainly see the sphmters whirhun
away fronm the pole fronm top to botton
as the whizzing bullets aimed at hii
crashed through it, or seamed its sid<
with ragged scars. Near by stood
brick chumney, where a house had bee
buned down; a twelve pound shc
struck the pile, and it went tumbling
earth. scattering its bricks about, son:
of them striking the young soldier
egt. did not waver. As reguiar
the .eat of a peudulum was the swimg<
at ax, atd 'whien the p.,1e fell frient
ndioen 'vied togetitr in yelling the
adminrationi of the yong man as he d:
bertety shouldered his ax and returnet
o Lis place in his comimand. "-Maurk
Thompso" in the luderendent.
A. boyaou nine years old sat on~
do~ or step on CintoL street yesterda;
"nda tohnmaiu whto heard a great noi:
upi st-iar n the hou'se inqjuired of himt:
a~ei .l yol g;g eal yesterd'
morninlg, and th' taing has got So o
:at I th ought you would yell 'chesnut:
Smli I said anythting." --Dehti'oit Fr
Where plants have been winterd ini
the dwellingouse they will need care
Jiul atten.tion dIn ' he motho
-,1arc. When the weatlier is uiiet
lV oild the pla nts. 'thould Ie taken from
their winter quarters and any dutm that
i may have accumulated on the foliage
1 should be washed oif with sponge and
e water, and ev'e'ry dead or decaying leaf
s should be removed. Those subjects
I sufliciently hardy to bear exposire iay.
withn great advantage, !e placed on the
outer window-sill, but thV should not
be so placed while there is a cold wind
blowing, nor nist they rewmin out all
niht. The very b-t time to put the
plants out for the irst tnie is when a
t warm, gentle rain is falling, aptly termed
"growing' weather.
- Now is the time to make preparations
for spring potting, a very nece
- operation. The plants to be shifte
repotted, should be watered thorou
- two days previous to the day the o
s tion is to be performed, so that the
may be in a proper state, neither
nor dry, and the fresh compost
s should be in a similar condition
, new pots are to be used, let the
1 soaked in water an hour or so befor
, lants are put into them; if the
- employed be old ones. they shouk
well washed inside and out and all
to become perfectly dry. The drai
s should be perfect, and each plant sh
have a pot suitable to its size. Ove
i hole in the centre of the base of th
t a large piece of broken Ilower pot,
s small ovster shell, should be placed
a concave side downwards; then
pieces of flower pot should be ad
or small, clean bits of broken bric
do-to the depth of at least an inch
plant that is to be repotted shoul
taken upside down in the left hand,
stem of the plant between the m
t fingers, the rim of the pot gently ta
upon the edge of the table or other
t venient solid substance, when thme
fy be lifted with the right hand as
easily as the extinguisher from a candle.
The ball of soil about the roots should
be examined; if healthy the plants may t
be put into a pot a size larger than the
one from which it has just been taken;
if any decayed roots present themselves
these should be nearly cut off. The re
potting should be done firmly, the soil
being brought up to within half an inch
of the top of the rim of the pot; this will
leave space sulicient for watering par
I poses.
In he matters of situation, soil and
iotting, plants require a con!siderl*tLie
-vers of treatment, yet althoigh 1
these points are very essential in prop'v
gation, they are not vital in respect to
plants purchased during their season of
bloom; the cultivat'on, or rather, IC
should say, the after treatment, lies In a
nutshell. They must receive water a
air in plenty, but the supplies must be
regulated according to the season and!
nature of the paat. With the exCeptioAn1
- of such subjcets-thirsty subjeeIs 1 -a' ,
-ay-as musk, India-rubber plant and
Arum ethiopicum, no plants ordinarily,
grown in rooms, shoult stald i sauxers
full of water, and those plantl I hv
mentioned Ihould only be allo wed to do
so during their season of active growth
With other plants the proper plan i
L never to give water until the soil is dry,
then give plenty, suillcient, indeed, to
saturate every particle of soil, root and
i fibre, and when the surplus water has
passed through into the saucer, the t
L latter, after the expiration of a quarter 1
of an hour or so, should be emptied,t
- wiped dry and replaced.
When the weather is favorable, that i
to say, when neither torrents of rain,t
frost or cutting winds prevail-the plants
should be taken from the room into the
open air, bringing them back-as .I have
talready said-towards evening.
- Wonwnin Journali-n:.
1The woman who would become a
journalist must fit into the organizationt
wherever she is needed. She may be I
aasked to read articles and prepare them
for the printer, to condense a paiser of
5,000 words into 1,000J without omuitting
a point or weakening an argument, read I
Iproof, hold copy for the proof-reader ,
write advertising paragraphs, attend to
editorial correspondence, look af ter thme
make-up of the "forms." pirepaire adver
Stising circulars, review books, write
,obituaries, report events, write hed
f lines, answer questions, look after the ;
r exchnges, make clippings, compile arti
sdred other things. If she earns ape
1 manent place she must do some of these
Ithings better thaa any other available
person, and before she rises to an edito
rial position she ought to know how to
do them all, and what is more know
Iwhen others are doing them right.t
Journalism is by no means purely litera
ry work, nor is it without its disadvant
sages. The halo which surrounds it is
,largely fictitious. Every department of 1
the work has more or less drudgery eon
Sneeted with it; the editor-in-chief know .'i
what heL wants and dos not want, andi
aL wor'ik must lie dLone in acc'orda nce
with his~ views, often in direct opposi
tion to person~al tastes; the hurry of the 1
" ork, particularly on dily 'a wely
s paes is a heavy strain; the associa
a tin in repiortlirial positions5 are not
d wavs pleasant; advancement is often
t slow, as even a person well titted for the]
0 work is a loug time obtaiing thoromugh]
e comnmanid of his resource. The disad-I
I van.tages peculialr to woumenl are not<
j mauy. A grea.ter liberalitv uf id.eas as a a
rule characLteinLes journal'' is tha othe
professionial men, andth guui.
aLbiliy iuuaiv the uni' o :a.
lierei aie eerm-1i2 a.Iind- ... ing a
poieand nagogue ne w in'.--ii- to ~
J awoman bu 1tt it is a kind o1 news whichi
advancing civilization makes more a'nd
more unpo~puhir -Ida 31. Tarbeli in the
IChautauni. c:1toi
sC leepiecls peopile, says 11eaith a''
Illome, should courit th~e :mu. T. ver
wor'st sopoliritie is landauumun, anda the vr
obest issune. Therefore it is ah
thut the poor simpr shguld a. s:
many~ hour' of thle day in th Ia.,.
i nuious elft tofd tie shal' is IS
iotictable in ph'antL growinga i' -('bokaL
e carry sunshades. The inviorain "ow'
eof slnulight is ininlite, anid hie w.h'e On2
is tatwiy seldom ricjires a pili.
.VLI. PNiAR
I:4- 'itilng to ilalpIer Forul--.' r.- tilt
C~,.it (.ior--Oth~er uits
A cdAe dispatch to the New Yornk
Ierald says: "The fashionis Xe0" the
pre..s pidrg romise to retarii to great
of fori. For ladie d-resses
ihe 1 'abrte 1uo 11ings and draperies of
yg2ce seasoins have given place to flat.
traint fold, to trinmings of embroid
ari:d braiding, and to slight ditapery
it t".- back "f the skirt. There in also
r:mra o! the 'princess' style fer the
Ae.s A tressI'. the skirt fronts and
orm ront being compojbsed of* gee
:Ie mIt-,s :oe worn inl vario i
a ' i y-' either ob.1liqlyC or 'e
0aits wti 1 l;ament in be:ui
1Cn terie, placed at the apex o
>oilt aDd matching ii color tile
>f t. dress. Very wide and
ashes in soft materials. such as
>r surah, wil! ibe worn later in t
on, .au b1uInvaelo i.aiud i
of
ps
ed
ing
ats
orn
all
iny
)ronze kid slippers are th
ark dresses for demi-toilette. The sli"
>er is now cut very low over the instep,
he stocking being embroidered with
ilk or ( pen worked in a fine lace like
>attern."
SPRINO !;oNNETS IN LoNDON.
Cousin Madge writes in London
:ruth: "There was such a very pretty
redding at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, on
;aturday afternoon, that we did wish for
-ou to be there to see it. The bride was
ladv Adela lRous, and she looked charm
ug 'in her marriage gown of whire
a1ire. with a small wreath of orange
IoSSOis fastcied on witd multitudinous
iamond stars, and a magniticent bou
net of lilies and other white; Ilowers.
.he bouquet, I an ad to say, was not
umbrously large, as some brides bou
,uets, have beenl of Late, and the jarrange-|
ient of the lovely blooms was perfect.
he train of the wedding dress was car
ed b two of the very tiniest pages I
ave ever seen. They were dressed in
hite satin. The brikdesmaids wore really
asteful dresses of some pale iblue or
.musde-Nil iaterial relieved wi:th brown
elve. Their hats had high crowns of!
ither straw or brown selvet, but the
rims were blue. Tneir boiuets were
zalcas, in lovely tones of pink and coral
teringled. This attire looked warm
nd comfortable. I always think that
Iitc or cream-colored dress es for
ridesmaids look cold and chilling at
ny time, save summer and early au
-'I have never seen such b onnets as
hose worn by the smart p~eople in the
ongregation. One hly appeared in a
ery spring-like bonnet of white straw,
rimmed wiLh a high bunch of Naples
-ilets. A large cluster of similar bow
rs was tucked in the bosom of her dark
teliotrorie-velve~t b~odice. A necklet ofl
ut amber lay upon folds of white lace,
hich came down in points upon the
ombre velvet. The ear rings were
methysis, just a little too blue ini tone
o assort comfortably with the pale
auve of the violets. This lad y carried
,delicious little wrap made of tiger skin
-just the sort of thing that only a very
ralthy woman dare buy, for it could
ot possibly be worn more than halt a
lozen times in the year, being too con
nieulous.
"A Landsome bruuette had a ruby
elvet jacket, quite tight-fitting, edged
vith heaver. 11er bonnet was redl, and|
o was her g~own, butt the former was I
elvet, the latter silk. A tall and|I
iLndid blonde, with glorious coils of
re brown gossy hair, wore a bodice
.ua overdress' of pntry colored ottoman
ver a skirt and plastron of brightly
trpedi silk. The collar and cuffs were
t the strines. The small bonnet was
mbroidered and edged with a iluff' of
ik che nille just a shade darker and a
one richer than the putty tint of the
ilk. It w'as trimmaed withi a zroup of
ed~ ro&es or peril(es. The ear 'nngs were
-er ig and very old-fahimed, but
her were of diamonds~ and pearls of the
arest A short ruby velv.et mantle.
ra e with s:bl ta-ils, just iuttehed
he 'Iowu n11 the bonnet
IT 'o pistrs in half miournigwr
>eatiiiy U iened on a.e in lblack. velvet.
ill --d v.ithi chincliilla and boumncat to
:se;the ther, :dso in lack velvet,
ita trimmings of richi, finely eat steel.
. indsome but morose looking woman
za no less than three diamond stars in
ir bonnet strings. A blonde who was
>resent had somaething black in her hair.
Ie conid not umke out what it was, so
leeided that sue had truilled 1Ler hair as
Srefresing no'.elty.
ib rty and craze for indidalisii; girls~
iho will~ It theims.elves he guided: girls
sh bar\ che iLhd sentiment well de
ellpd ad who feel the love ofa
Iugte for the woman who acts as
:heir mother;: girls who klecw that every
fay 1n al dar~ long cannot bec devoted
:n'olda-mdhing withiout the iterven
:i........t.mor or less irklsoine; girls
....... y efem tane a
oLs01.(r mpniou si
nei-k ti te reanabl control of
auiii lt tiake. life 'o plIeasant and their
elrit' So 0ht & ihoi- whe care- Cii b-y
BFInMr, March 22.-Tie nitietm an
niversarv of Emperor William's birth h
was ushered in by the pealing of joy i
bells in all the churches and the tower of n
the town hall, and the sounding of y
choral chimes. The city is decorated as b
it never was before. Garlands. 11ags. n
harels, festoons of evergreen, banners,
bight drapery and brilliant carpets are p
hung on every conspicuous spot where ti
Ornament can be made to add to the joy- t
- - -- -- 40 -- - ' iu- 0:
eir n:
ne r.d
si- t!
ek
ekit
nd St
or a
ow In
in a,
y b
w
c- G
he 01
di- w
ty tI
by tl
CS. 1 i
in at
al cl
rs ol
ie af
Itli
ic fr,
s- ar
preceded and followed by students on H
horseback. Passing the palace bands CC
played national anthem, "Preussenlied"
and "Wacht am Rhien," the students all ar
singing to the music. The Emperor ap- tii
peared at a window as the procession fe
was moving past, and bowed, remaining fr,
there a considerable time. The great is
cr-wd in the street gave him an ovation, th
ti' inultitude cheering itself hoarse and It
tiring itself out waving hats and hand: dL
kerchiefs. <
All the members of the imperial family es
and all their princely guests drove in
procession to the palace and personally V2
tendered their congratulations to the th
Emperor. The procession was cheered at
by the crowds in the streets. an
A rain storm which set in at :; o'clock dc
and lasted until 6 had scarcely any efreet p
upon the crowds of enthusiastic Germans d
who thronged the streets. The illumi- wi
nations to-night throughout the city arc fo
uperb. An especially striking feature pa
is a icture, one hundred yards long and br
twentv yards wide, in front of the da
Academy of Arts, depicting events in the
Emperor's life. au
Bismarck and Von Moltke say tht us
thev have received a wonderful reward w]
for their services, the character of which Til
is as yet unknown. All the secretaries 83
of departments were decorated by the co
mperor. In receiving a household In
deputation the Emperor said: "1 have It
reached this age by the grace of God, TI
nd if the Lord helps me, and wants ine cc
to, I may live to see another year." eI
TI
Heric a en en1ts oit sp .ing.
On
"lIlnrico: Dost thou scent the gente e
-le nostrils do attest the same in-d
eed, for dust that's to imc neighbor's all
carpet wed, already yields to his athletic p
strokes." ca
"Nay, do nut carp at cleaning indus- la;
try, nor thus ingrain thee with such to
orsted thoughts, The spring! the gen
tic spring is at the door!" B
"Let him not in, Andromeda, I pray, di
till-he hath purified his breath a bit, and pa
urged his raiment of its rubbish tang."
"D~ost thou not like the spring, thou
esty one?"
"~Aye, if the sanme were not too long~
,spriging. This spring halt makes me 1o
oarse with fierce protests, and studs me m<
hrough with tilly-ments of wrath." k
"I wonder, sith thy stable wit I hear, SC
hat thou dost favor not this teeming to
ime."
"This steaming time is good thou cun w
ing conjurer, for thro' the seams and re
ewers of soil doth oose obnoxious odors I
hat p)roclaim the steaming proeces of pI
this vernal change. And man, the imita- a
tor that he is, contents him not with in
atching nature's whims, but finds fresh I tc
uel for this gaseous glow in heap~ing
igh the garbage funeral pyre. I won I'
er not, when first the liverwvort uprears s
the dainty crest above the glebe, and ec
cents the garden truck's emuhtvium, he t
hies to silent sanctum of the soil and Lc
saih: '3Iy dainty redolence will seemn '1l
bscure in atmosphere so freight with I
fmes'"n
"And to thy sense is't only scents that Xl
akes thee sentient of spring's senti
nent?"
"Nay, be me troth; Italia's wander'ing
enius of the crank, the booming bus -
ness of Esculapians, the school boy c
aking furlough from his books to inter ha
view the spiral angleworm, the homely p
en that hums her humble hy~mti of
Eanster emblems, and the holusewife s
owl as with the moth she holds herI
nnual joust, thtese be some symptomst
that assert to ime the year's conjuncetion
with the wantou spring.' thI
M'Otill .)tk' a (.ooti 4)0t'.
to
Tihe report that G'overnlor itzhughi m
ee made his recent visit to 31innesota
s part of a plan to give him the second It
place on the next national ticket oigi- e
nated, of cours~e, itn a Chicago pl~uer. 01
1here isnot the slightest basis fo)r th iiL
muiuttion. Generali Lee is xot the U
na. to go a:round lanting for oIlie." ed ?
t is :zii di ll t.' Uee ho a tying tigo
ny other trip, to St. P'aul or aniyV :e:e
le. could promote such an: obj>ec
iovrlor iec came here to dine with
the P'resident and Mrs. C'leveland, andI
at the last moment decided to aiccompii
tv some friends to the northiwest-a little
rust from the worry of office. At the same
imen we again insist that he would make c
model Vice-Presid ent.--\ Masington
ptiian' 'nd dr"gists titer' at '11te
io'the gener~ use andpo tlyoD.
tlar uters 'o Te \\tl. I
IlE 1iLOW. E; I.):AvI:-l)2'UEItS.
hI4~ \! ;i l'mI --- Their Wo W To1d >y
()ne of the Craft.
(.,Im 1 New Y1.,I .star.>
Ihtrying the dead in Calvary cemetery
as come to be a disagreeable job to the
nion of grave-diggers, but as no walk
ig delegate appeared in the cemetery
esterday, the grave-diggers were kept
asy all e4ay with pick and shovel, digging
ew graves. The announcement that
le Yorick association had struck was
remature. It has presented its ultima
ni to the authorities of Calvary ceme
ry, and it awaits their answer. One
the grave-diggers, a very intelligent
an, leaned on his spade in the cemete
yesterday and said to a reporter of
e Star:
"Grave-digging is about as hard and
healthful an occupation as there is. I
Mosc that the average term of life of
grave-digger is much less than that of
ost other workmen. We don't go off
quickly as they do in a powder mill,
it we go fast enough. Every day we
ork we are digging our own graves.
rave-diggers do not last more than five
- six years. They get crippled by
rking in the damp ground, and have
go to the poorhouse, and sometimes
eir familiea have to go along with
em. Pneumonia gets its grip on them
these cold, wet graves, and in a few
LyS the grave digger's fellow-workmen.
e digging his grave, and rattling the
aLds down him. There are only two
d grave-diggers in the cemetery, and
ter they have worked so many yearr at,
e trade their wages have been reduced
am 81.75 to 81.50 a day, because they
e so old. One of the men has beei
gging graves for about thirty years.
e may be said to have lived in the
meterv.
"A grave is P feet deep, 7 feet long
d 2 feet wide at the bottom. Some
nes we have to make it ten or twelve
et wide at the top to prevent the sides
im falling in. In the winter the frost
sometimes two feet deep, and digging
e grave is like cutting through granite.
takes fromn half to three-quarters of a
. to dig : grave, and, as our fellow
>rkman says inl Hamlet, 'it lasts for
er.' It takes a skilled man to make a
ave. An unskilled hand would be
ry likely to bIry himself. Nearly all
e people we ever see here are in tears,
d, considering the hard, disagreeable
d unhealthy character of the work we
, we think we ought to be decently
id for it. At present we get 81.75 ai
y, and lose the rainy afternoous. In
liter we are laid off about one week in
ur, and lose rainy days besides. 31Y
y last monith Wias o.,- .,! which is
t a fraction over $l a day for every
v in the molt.
-We arc always in debt to the baker
d the butcher, and it is impossible for
to put by any moni.y for the time
,en we shall be too old to dig graves.
.e superintcndent of the cemetery gets
,5009a year, or about 70 a week. Of
urse he is loth to advance our wages.
summer we make about $10 a week.
has Iieen said that we own our houses.
iere isit a grave-digger in Calvary
netery who owns 1is house or will
r get money enough to own one.
c cemetery gets $7 for every full
ed grave that's dug, and it gets $1,000
the side hill there for a plot of ground
teen feet by eighteen.- It can certain
a:lord to pay $2 a day to the grave
gers, and they earn that much. Most
the people buried here are poor peo
They are the longshoremen, hod
rriers, carpenters, masons and brick
,ers of New York. They do not want
lie in cheap labor graves.
"The good Bishop MIcLougldin, of
ooklyn, pays 82 a day to the grave
;gers in .Flatbush cemetery, and he
vs it every day-rain or shine."
Thie Wro VWoman.
An amusing incident occurred not
ig sice at tihe close of an evening
eting at one of our churches. A well
own citizen and his wife attended the
vice. going thither as was their cus
1 in their own vehicle. When the
eting was over the husband told the.
fe to be out att the door so as to be
idy to go home when he came along
th the horse and sleigh. She was
omptly on time and a team caime up,
nan held out his hand and helped her
and drove oil' with her. They had
t gone a great way when she said: "It
ms to me you got the horse quick."
1 man looked at her a moment in
rprise on hearing a strange voice, and
claimed: "Good gracious! I have got
e wrong woman." He turned the
rse arounda and drove back to the
tee of meeting, where an exchange
s made, and he started homec once
>re with the right woman.-Concord
onitor.
A large part of life's burdens are self
poscd and wholly needless. Fears of
laities which never happen, a doleful
.bit of looking at the worst, a sus
zious disposition, a jealous turn of
id-these are the tyrants that load us
tl burdens heavy to bear and needless
carry. If we should honestly examine
evarious burdens of our lives, we
mld be suirprised to iind how many of
e are of this character. Not only
v we drop them if we will, lbut justice
others demands that we should. A
n or woman habitually unhappy is
entially selhish, and is always a thorn
the comimunitv. There are enough
Sses and trials in life which muust be
rue, without manufacturing artificial
d needless ones; and the more thor
ghy we rid ourselves of thle l~ater, the
re enrg and spirit we can irmgl to
r ipon the former.
TI E I NT E R-STATE CO3DUSSION.
The 31en Appointed by the President to
Regulate the Railroads.
The following is a sketch of the public
careers of the men composing the com
mission, excepting Morrison, whose pub
lic services are so generally known as to
need no description:
THOMAS M. COOLEY
was born at Attica, N. Y., in 1824,
studied law in that State and removed to
Michigan in 1843, where he has since
resided. In 1857 he was elected com
piler of the State laws and in 1858 re
porter for the Supreme Court. In 1859
he was chosen by the regents as com
missioner to organize the law depart
ment of the University of Michigan, and
he has ever since been connected with
it. In 1864 he was elected Justice of the
Supreme Court and was re-elected in
1869 and 1877. He was nominated by
the Republican for re-election in 1885
and was defeated. Judge Cooley is the
author of numerous standard legal
works. He was recently appointed by
United States Judge Gresham receiver
of the Wabash Railroad Company.
ALDACE F. wALKER
is a Vermont lawyer, about 44 years old,
a Republican in politics, who stndied
law with Senator Edmunds, served as
colonel in the Union arm and has since
then practiced law at Rutland. In the
Vermont Senate he has taken a ading
part in framing legislation to solve the
railway problem, and has given much
study to the question.
AUGUST SCHOONMAKER,
of Kingston, N. Y., was born in Ulster
county, March 2, 1828, and is a lawyer
in active practice. He has always been
a Democrat in politics. He has been
county judge of his county, and candi
date of his party for Supreme Court
Judge. He was State Senator during
Governor Tilden's term as Governor,
and was one of the leaders in the Legis
lature on whom Tilden relied to carry
out his reform measures. He was -
ways a close personal and political friend
of Tilden's. Schoonmaker was attorney
general of New York State in 1878 and
1879. In 1876 he was presented by the
Anti-Tamniany delegation from New
York, in the Democratic State Conven
tion, as their candidate for Governor,
mnd he was a delegate to the Democratic
National Convention in 1876 and 1880,
and also to the Chicago Convention in
L884. He is now a member of the civil
ervice commission of New York State,
aaving been appointed by Governor
cleveland and retained in office by Gov
-rnor Hill.
wALTER L. BRAGG
was born in Alabama in 1838, but resided
in Arkansas from 184,3 to 1861. He was
aducated at Harvard University and
Gambridge Law School, and practiced
aw in Arkansas for some years. At the
ose of the war he settled in Alabama,
mnd for some years was the law partner
:f Senator Morgan. He has been a
eading Democrat in that State for some
years, and has served as national dele
gate, Presidential elector and a member
af the Democratic national committee.
[u 1881 he was made president of the
.labama State railroad commission and
erved in that position four years, dur
ng which time many important ques
:ions arising between railroads and their
mstomers were satisfactorily adjusted.
THE PRESIDENTIAL B003L
laine and Sherman Contending for the
Republican Bone.
(Letter to the Cincinnati Enquirer.)
The play for the Presidential position
las begun early. Sherman will soon be
n thae South making speeches, morewith
i view to make an impression inhis own
)olitical interest than to advance views
ialculated to aid the development of the
section he visits.
I think I can anticipate Mr. Sherman's
:alculations. If Blaine wants a renomi
2aton Sherman believes he can have it
vithout reaching out his hand. Blaine
vants it, he thinks, only in the event
:hat he feels assued of his election. He
vill again take no chances. Sherman
vill come in as a commanding quantity
f Blaine should decide not to seek the
aomination. If Blaine attempts to con
:rol the convention in the interest of a
:andidate of his own choice rather than
iimself, Mr. Sherman will then an
:gonize him. He will not give way for
Nr. Allison or anybody else. In short,
Sherman will endeavor to place his can
lidacy in such nosition as to make it
inpossible to repeat such a deal as re
sulted in the nomination of Garfield.
Mr. Blaine is now more apprehensive
>f the prohibition than of the mug
wump vote. In his own State, in New
york, in Ohio, and in the northwestern
States prohibition is growing. The vote,
too, is in political contests becoming
:nore gregarious. It largely draws its
strength from the Republican party, as
loes the labor vote from the Democratic
party. In his own mind the problem
aow being revolved by Mr. Blaine is
"Will there be enough votes cast out
side of the Republican party for a pro
Libition candidate to jeopardize New
york or any other Republican State?"
[f he comes to the conclusion there will
aot be, Mr. Blaine will be a Richmond.
au the field.
Mr. Sherman's candidacy this time
mecans more and looks more portentous
than it ever did before. The Camerons,
of Pennsylvania, Simon and Don, are
illied with it. They are afraid Blaine in
p~ower would cut that wing. They are
for Sherman because of martial alliances
which binds the house of Sherman with
heir own, and because, while they
night not get all they asked from him,
:hey would never get the cold shoulder.
However, it doubtless is true that in
i'ennsylvania Blaine is stronger than the
Gamerons. In Ohio he has heretofore
,howu more strength than Sherman.
In .1cordanc wit :he law enacted by
:iugres ~ proii- for the purchase of
white marble busts of thec Vice-Presidents,
to ie placed in the' iches of the Senate
Chamber, the libray commnittee has solic
ited propos-itions lifrom sculptors for the
wor.k tto"nmening' with the late Vice
*t-e'int Hdicks. Not moure than $800
to.pi'd for a singkc bust, andl prefer.
.n1 i t e L ::ie i I- ease to an artist
r U th sal i fro which the Vic-Presi
Ite~e The irst responseS from th"
nii ttee i nvitation aLslure-s the orna
'icitaioof t he Chabe wili th the butst of
Jihn C. Calhounh by Theodore .Mills, of
:hs eitv. son of Cl-ark 11l11k who produced
hIi eertriani ' site .hick'on in La