University of South Carolina Libraries
OL. Aii MN NIN(. i I EN ( OUN"' E. ( DN ES1D- k. ACI I .IS7 NOi15 it is quite comon to hear compitt of the worthlessness Of at trge pro tion of the commerciad fertilizers sold to farmers. That sonie of these complaints are well founded there is little doubt. That many more are unreasonable and 'ust is utnite probable. Miny farmers t that the fertilizers of lteZ1 years are o good as those of ten or twelve r more back. L-tus look into tihe matter a little. The average farmer ju es of the merits er qunality o a i rtiir by the effects of tile samie on the Crop to which it was applied. Indeed, thi" is. the only way he can safely detertaiue whether a feritilizer has retirned i tai perccntage on the investment. hut how often is it true that the crop grows oif .nieely and everything appears to pronsew a good vield, and at last some casualty of drought, or wet or frost, cuts off the crop. During the early, and probably the middle stages of growth, the farmer is pleased with the fertilzcr; but when he gathers his crop and the -aano man wants his pay, and the bacon and ,iour and dry goods bills, the doctor's bill. etc., must be met-the cotton won't go round. The dry weather, or the worms, or the 4 storm inl September, " or some one or more of the many civnualties to which cotton is liable, has cat of' the crop. May be the fertilizer was to blame. But the fertilizer did not cause the storm, nor the drought, nor the worms; neither could it prevent these casualties. On the other hand, if the plant starts off well and the seasons and Other con ditions continue auspicious to the end of the harvest, and the farmer gathers a large crop, he is apt to be pltased with the fertilizer he used, as well as every thing that was connected with the crop. One very important precaution is over looked by a large majoriy v arimiers who use commercial lertilzers. viz: the test of the scales. It is unrea:onable to insist that a fertilizer has "done the crop when nn test or--_-riet rowsS vseta-pthe fertilizer' carefully weighed and dhstribated, and the yield oi the crop gathered and weighed under the very eye of the pro prietor. With such a test plat, or sev eral of them, accurately conducted, it is possible to easily and certainly determ me what has been the econcie result. On diferent soils and with diarcu sea-! sons and other conditions, rLser lts will be discordant or hfet , even when the identical ferilzer ha- been used. One of the moat impurtant con ditions-or rather circn st.ne-that affects the question of proilt wie~n tiue money has een paid, or is to Lo .i for the fertilizer, is the price vf cotto. But if to be paid for in cotto" i, does nov afect the question at all. Now, what is a fair protit on tue in vestment in a fertilizer? A fanaer ought to be well content to realize or 1(.1 per2 cent. per annum profit onl he iixed and working capital emplo. d ii his business after alluwing' a reasnable sam for his services and tor wear a tear, insurance, etc. He woald td..Ly rent out his land, or a portion of 1:, on such terms, and devote his perso:: attenti on to something else. Then 'h ly suaiald he expect any greater per ceIt. proit, "one year w ith another," on Lis invest ment in a fertilizer? One ton of standard fertilizers, hauled and distributed in the soil, costs, say thirty (.30) dollars cash. Ihe money is paid-say April 1st-and the crop is harvested and ready for market-say Getober 1st-six months. Suppose the increased yield of cotton, after dteducting the extra expenses of paeiiig and ginning, and adding thle vaiue of the extra seed, is thirty-five dollars, or hive dollars clear profit. Eive dollars net in crease in the value of the crop due to use of a ton of fertilizer would not be considered unusual; it is probably much below the average results. But live dol lars on thirty dollars, for six months, is 162 per cent., or 3:3 per cent, per annumi Or suppose ;35o pounds of lint cotton is the pnice agreed upon for the fertilizer, payable November 1st, and that the increased yield is 425 por ds. We now have 75 pounds of lint cotton more than enough to pay for the fer tilizer. No reasonable man will be likely to deny the fairness of the above figures. The per cent. increase credited to the fertihzer is probably less than the aver age results of the use of comumercial fer tilizers in general-good, bad and in different-for a series of years together, say for the last ten years- It is trune that they are not so great as for the preced ing period of ten years, or, mn other words, that commercial fertilizers do not yield as good results on the same fields as they did ten or fifteen years ago. This may be accounted for witunt assuming that the quality of commercial fertilizers has been lowered. Chemical analysis shows that they have not. field tt s on similar lands that have not blcn "rim to death" in cotton with concentr~atedi fertilizers prove that the same results can now be secured as before, with aver age fertilizers of the present time. More over, the price of standard fertilizers has steadily declined-the cost of material and manipulation being less and compe tition reducing the profits of the mana facturers and dealers. What, then, is the diilieahy: D those farmers who refrain from thle use of commercial fertilizers succeed au better? If they do, is their prosperill due to th?eir policy in this re c, r a it not in spite 01 it, angd bcae a. e especially in the utilizing uome n.ur al resources? Wh t'he~ latr p.* suppemer~td ,by th e juiio se liberal) use of tne best grade.s of co' or mixed--as far as po'.sibl.at hom we almost invariabiv see th be<t res.,itl Nearly all of tile most prosperou:s far1 ers in the coumary are those who' dA) not depend on bought fertiliz-rs al'e, b who bring intei'igen>-, skill, 2:.tr and sound judgment to.a .u details of farming. The fact is, too muh e-ut fertilizers. (3uanocau coi a for the absence of its Tam a habits, etc., that c.ar 01te/z 'iL cessful farmer. If afarme ' oa using guano, falls behind at th n.. thirty dollars to the mule, it is not rell sonable to expect that hie will "come oIui evn, much less "ahead." by using ton of fertiliz:er to the mule, withol V-mh'. ing with the other conditions k ieccssfual farming. He might as we exPeet to make a mu--cian of liis son 1 siniply buying him a fiddle. The Cotton 1ovement. The New York Financial 'Chronichl reviewing the cotton movement, sa.i that for the week ending Friday, Mare 1,. the total receipts have reached 57.71 bales. against 72,953 last week. 79,9. the previous week, and 95,01:3 thre weeks since; making the total receipi since 1st September, 188G, 4,959.97 bales, against 4,727.174 for the same p( riod . f 188-86, showing an incrcao since September 1. 188, of 232,40 bales. The exports for the week ending Fr dar evening reach a total of 1:7.7: halCs, of which 77,:39; were to Gree Britain, 4,470 to France, and 55,870 t the rest of the continent. The tot sales for forward delivery for the wee are 5:2,700 bales. For immediate deli' erv the total sales foot up this wee 1,218 bales, including 1,218 for consumi tion. The imports into continental port this week have been 50,000 baes. There was a dicrease in the cotton i sight Friday night of 66,741 bales a compared with the sane date of 1S$ an increase of 149,01 bales as compare, with the corresponding date of 18S; and a decrease of 198,708 bales as com pared with 1584. The old interior stoclk have decreased during the week 35,34: bales, and are to-night 190,:182 bales les than at the same period last year. Th receipts at the same towns have bee: 5.1111 bales more than the same week las year, and since Septeimbler 1 the receipt at all the towns are (-9,485 bales mor than for the same time in 1865S36. The total receipts from the plantation since September 1, 16,ts, were 5,112,42 bales: in 188.%; were 5,1(4,04t; i: 1s88 5 were 4,675,306. Although th receipts at the outports the past wee] were ~:,71; bales, the actual imovemen from plantations was only 21,668, th< baance being taken from the stocks a the interior towns. Last year re from the plaatoth -i6T same wee] ere 729~ Lales, and for 1885 they wer 21,906. The increase in the amount ii sight Friday night, as compared wit] last year. was 59,4-1 bales, the increas as compared with 1884-83 was 628,573 and the increase over 188:-S4 was 694, 379. The Chronicle thinks that these figure may be a little inaccurate, because, be tween the 1st Septenber, 1 and th, 1st March, 1s7. cotton which passe< through SavanLa. consigned to Charles toL, was incudeI in the receijpts of cacd ioit'--were tv.iee couted. These twice counte d shipments aggregated 27,25' A Type of Wa--hin.on. One of the most conspicuous, and con sequently, as things are estimated here most successful ot all the host of thesi spirants for social laurels is the widov Of a it1ocky Mountain mining camp bar keeer. She herself was a washer womaal, and II spite of several years residence in "Yuriu." ret.dus much o the brogue and many of the characteris tics of her formerly highly honorabl, and useful avocation. But what matter it that she cannot utter a sentence of re spectable English? What, though i1 resplendent Parisian creations of satin velvet and feathers, she looks like th< queen of a Biddle's masquerade? She i rich as a she-Cresus, and "entertains like a she-Lucullus--"entertainment" i3 this city of execrable taverns referring largely to punch and salad bowls, cro quette platters and wine bottles. Sh< gorges the not-too-fastidious leaders o the Washington "Vanity Fair" with thi highest priced situals, and swills then with the choicest vintages of B3urgund; and chamzpagne. One of her recen "blowouts," as she would call it, brough together many of the most noted peopl in the capital and guests of distinctioi from distant parts of the country. That miracle of municipal modesty Chcago, conibuted a par of thes gilded elbowers and pushers, whos grotesque, gold-plated antics have fo two or three years afforded amusemen to on-gazing gods and men. Nothing i too extravagant for their Chicagones neve or cheek. They went into oflicia mourning a year or so ago for a p~erso: they had never met, and there senm little reason to doubt that if her Majesty Victoria, by the grace of God Queen o England anld Empress of India, shouni happen to pass in her royal checks thei brown-stone castle would fly a black ila; for thirty days and discount thie Britis. Minister's residence in profuseness c emblematic woe.-Washington Letter t St. Louis Gilobe-Democrat. A liero of Amllariil lie r'ut'. "It was once my fortune," he_ say: "to see a young man take an ax in i hand and walk alone'across 200 yards c openl ground under the tire of 400 die mounted troopers, anid deliberately ec: down at telegraph pol'. While he wt chopping away at the tough cedar woo I could plainly see the sphmters whirhun away fronm the pole fronm top to botton as the whizzing bullets aimed at hii crashed through it, or seamed its sid< with ragged scars. Near by stood brick chumney, where a house had bee buned down; a twelve pound shc struck the pile, and it went tumbling earth. scattering its bricks about, son: of them striking the young soldier egt. did not waver. As reguiar the .eat of a peudulum was the swimg< at ax, atd 'whien the p.,1e fell frient ndioen 'vied togetitr in yelling the adminrationi of the yong man as he d: bertety shouldered his ax and returnet o Lis place in his comimand. "-Maurk Thompso" in the luderendent. A. boyaou nine years old sat on~ do~ or step on CintoL street yesterda; "nda tohnmaiu whto heard a great noi: upi st-iar n the hou'se inqjuired of himt: a~ei .l yol g;g eal yesterd' morninlg, and th' taing has got So o :at I th ought you would yell 'chesnut: Smli I said anythting." --Dehti'oit Fr Where plants have been winterd ini the dwellingouse they will need care Jiul atten.tion dIn ' he motho -,1arc. When the weatlier is uiiet lV oild the pla nts. 'thould Ie taken from their winter quarters and any dutm that i may have accumulated on the foliage 1 should be washed oif with sponge and e water, and ev'e'ry dead or decaying leaf s should be removed. Those subjects I sufliciently hardy to bear exposire iay. withn great advantage, !e placed on the outer window-sill, but thV should not be so placed while there is a cold wind blowing, nor nist they rewmin out all niht. The very b-t time to put the plants out for the irst tnie is when a t warm, gentle rain is falling, aptly termed "growing' weather. - Now is the time to make preparations for spring potting, a very nece - operation. The plants to be shifte repotted, should be watered thorou - two days previous to the day the o s tion is to be performed, so that the may be in a proper state, neither nor dry, and the fresh compost s should be in a similar condition , new pots are to be used, let the 1 soaked in water an hour or so befor , lants are put into them; if the - employed be old ones. they shouk well washed inside and out and all to become perfectly dry. The drai s should be perfect, and each plant sh have a pot suitable to its size. Ove i hole in the centre of the base of th t a large piece of broken Ilower pot, s small ovster shell, should be placed a concave side downwards; then pieces of flower pot should be ad or small, clean bits of broken bric do-to the depth of at least an inch plant that is to be repotted shoul taken upside down in the left hand, stem of the plant between the m t fingers, the rim of the pot gently ta upon the edge of the table or other t venient solid substance, when thme fy be lifted with the right hand as easily as the extinguisher from a candle. The ball of soil about the roots should be examined; if healthy the plants may t be put into a pot a size larger than the one from which it has just been taken; if any decayed roots present themselves these should be nearly cut off. The re potting should be done firmly, the soil being brought up to within half an inch of the top of the rim of the pot; this will leave space sulicient for watering par I poses. In he matters of situation, soil and iotting, plants require a con!siderl*tLie -vers of treatment, yet althoigh 1 these points are very essential in prop'v gation, they are not vital in respect to plants purchased during their season of bloom; the cultivat'on, or rather, IC should say, the after treatment, lies In a nutshell. They must receive water a air in plenty, but the supplies must be regulated according to the season and! nature of the paat. With the exCeptioAn1 - of such subjcets-thirsty subjeeIs 1 -a' , -ay-as musk, India-rubber plant and Arum ethiopicum, no plants ordinarily, grown in rooms, shoult stald i sauxers full of water, and those plantl I hv mentioned Ihould only be allo wed to do so during their season of active growth With other plants the proper plan i L never to give water until the soil is dry, then give plenty, suillcient, indeed, to saturate every particle of soil, root and i fibre, and when the surplus water has passed through into the saucer, the t L latter, after the expiration of a quarter 1 of an hour or so, should be emptied,t - wiped dry and replaced. When the weather is favorable, that i to say, when neither torrents of rain,t frost or cutting winds prevail-the plants should be taken from the room into the open air, bringing them back-as .I have talready said-towards evening. - Wonwnin Journali-n:. 1The woman who would become a journalist must fit into the organizationt wherever she is needed. She may be I aasked to read articles and prepare them for the printer, to condense a paiser of 5,000 words into 1,000J without omuitting a point or weakening an argument, read I Iproof, hold copy for the proof-reader , write advertising paragraphs, attend to editorial correspondence, look af ter thme make-up of the "forms." pirepaire adver Stising circulars, review books, write ,obituaries, report events, write hed f lines, answer questions, look after the ; r exchnges, make clippings, compile arti sdred other things. If she earns ape 1 manent place she must do some of these Ithings better thaa any other available person, and before she rises to an edito rial position she ought to know how to do them all, and what is more know Iwhen others are doing them right.t Journalism is by no means purely litera ry work, nor is it without its disadvant sages. The halo which surrounds it is ,largely fictitious. Every department of 1 the work has more or less drudgery eon Sneeted with it; the editor-in-chief know .'i what heL wants and dos not want, andi aL wor'ik must lie dLone in acc'orda nce with his~ views, often in direct opposi tion to person~al tastes; the hurry of the 1 " ork, particularly on dily 'a wely s paes is a heavy strain; the associa a tin in repiortlirial positions5 are not d wavs pleasant; advancement is often t slow, as even a person well titted for the] 0 work is a loug time obtaiing thoromugh] e comnmanid of his resource. The disad-I I van.tages peculialr to woumenl are not< j mauy. A grea.ter liberalitv uf id.eas as a a rule characLteinLes journal'' is tha othe professionial men, andth guui. aLbiliy iuuaiv the uni' o :a. lierei aie eerm-1i2 a.Iind- ... ing a poieand nagogue ne w in'.--ii- to ~ J awoman bu 1tt it is a kind o1 news whichi advancing civilization makes more a'nd more unpo~puhir -Ida 31. Tarbeli in the IChautauni. c:1toi sC leepiecls peopile, says 11eaith a'' Illome, should courit th~e :mu. T. ver wor'st sopoliritie is landauumun, anda the vr obest issune. Therefore it is ah thut the poor simpr shguld a. s: many~ hour' of thle day in th Ia.,. i nuious elft tofd tie shal' is IS iotictable in ph'antL growinga i' -('bokaL e carry sunshades. The inviorain "ow' eof slnulight is ininlite, anid hie w.h'e On2 is tatwiy seldom ricjires a pili. .VLI. PNiAR I:4- 'itilng to ilalpIer Forul--.' r.- tilt C~,.it (.ior--Oth~er uits A cdAe dispatch to the New Yornk Ierald says: "The fashionis Xe0" the pre..s pidrg romise to retarii to great of fori. For ladie d-resses ihe 1 'abrte 1uo 11ings and draperies of yg2ce seasoins have given place to flat. traint fold, to trinmings of embroid ari:d braiding, and to slight ditapery it t".- back "f the skirt. There in also r:mra o! the 'princess' style fer the Ae.s A tressI'. the skirt fronts and orm ront being compojbsed of* gee :Ie mIt-,s :oe worn inl vario i a ' i y-' either ob.1liqlyC or 'e 0aits wti 1 l;ament in be:ui 1Cn terie, placed at the apex o >oilt aDd matching ii color tile >f t. dress. Very wide and ashes in soft materials. such as >r surah, wil! ibe worn later in t on, .au b1uInvaelo i.aiud i of ps ed ing ats orn all iny )ronze kid slippers are th ark dresses for demi-toilette. The sli" >er is now cut very low over the instep, he stocking being embroidered with ilk or ( pen worked in a fine lace like >attern." SPRINO !;oNNETS IN LoNDON. Cousin Madge writes in London :ruth: "There was such a very pretty redding at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, on ;aturday afternoon, that we did wish for -ou to be there to see it. The bride was ladv Adela lRous, and she looked charm ug 'in her marriage gown of whire a1ire. with a small wreath of orange IoSSOis fastcied on witd multitudinous iamond stars, and a magniticent bou net of lilies and other white; Ilowers. .he bouquet, I an ad to say, was not umbrously large, as some brides bou ,uets, have beenl of Late, and the jarrange-| ient of the lovely blooms was perfect. he train of the wedding dress was car ed b two of the very tiniest pages I ave ever seen. They were dressed in hite satin. The brikdesmaids wore really asteful dresses of some pale iblue or .musde-Nil iaterial relieved wi:th brown elve. Their hats had high crowns of! ither straw or brown selvet, but the rims were blue. Tneir boiuets were zalcas, in lovely tones of pink and coral teringled. This attire looked warm nd comfortable. I always think that Iitc or cream-colored dress es for ridesmaids look cold and chilling at ny time, save summer and early au -'I have never seen such b onnets as hose worn by the smart p~eople in the ongregation. One hly appeared in a ery spring-like bonnet of white straw, rimmed wiLh a high bunch of Naples -ilets. A large cluster of similar bow rs was tucked in the bosom of her dark teliotrorie-velve~t b~odice. A necklet ofl ut amber lay upon folds of white lace, hich came down in points upon the ombre velvet. The ear rings were methysis, just a little too blue ini tone o assort comfortably with the pale auve of the violets. This lad y carried ,delicious little wrap made of tiger skin -just the sort of thing that only a very ralthy woman dare buy, for it could ot possibly be worn more than halt a lozen times in the year, being too con nieulous. "A Landsome bruuette had a ruby elvet jacket, quite tight-fitting, edged vith heaver. 11er bonnet was redl, and| o was her g~own, butt the former was I elvet, the latter silk. A tall and|I iLndid blonde, with glorious coils of re brown gossy hair, wore a bodice .ua overdress' of pntry colored ottoman ver a skirt and plastron of brightly trpedi silk. The collar and cuffs were t the strines. The small bonnet was mbroidered and edged with a iluff' of ik che nille just a shade darker and a one richer than the putty tint of the ilk. It w'as trimmaed withi a zroup of ed~ ro&es or peril(es. The ear 'nngs were -er ig and very old-fahimed, but her were of diamonds~ and pearls of the arest A short ruby velv.et mantle. ra e with s:bl ta-ils, just iuttehed he 'Iowu n11 the bonnet IT 'o pistrs in half miournigwr >eatiiiy U iened on a.e in lblack. velvet. ill --d v.ithi chincliilla and boumncat to :se;the ther, :dso in lack velvet, ita trimmings of richi, finely eat steel. . indsome but morose looking woman za no less than three diamond stars in ir bonnet strings. A blonde who was >resent had somaething black in her hair. Ie conid not umke out what it was, so leeided that sue had truilled 1Ler hair as Srefresing no'.elty. ib rty and craze for indidalisii; girls~ iho will~ It theims.elves he guided: girls sh bar\ che iLhd sentiment well de ellpd ad who feel the love ofa Iugte for the woman who acts as :heir mother;: girls who klecw that every fay 1n al dar~ long cannot bec devoted :n'olda-mdhing withiout the iterven :i........t.mor or less irklsoine; girls ....... y efem tane a oLs01.(r mpniou si nei-k ti te reanabl control of auiii lt tiake. life 'o plIeasant and their elrit' So 0ht & ihoi- whe care- Cii b-y BFInMr, March 22.-Tie nitietm an niversarv of Emperor William's birth h was ushered in by the pealing of joy i bells in all the churches and the tower of n the town hall, and the sounding of y choral chimes. The city is decorated as b it never was before. Garlands. 11ags. n harels, festoons of evergreen, banners, bight drapery and brilliant carpets are p hung on every conspicuous spot where ti Ornament can be made to add to the joy- t - - -- -- 40 -- - ' iu- 0: eir n: ne r.d si- t! ek ekit nd St or a ow In in a, y b w c- G he 01 di- w ty tI by tl CS. 1 i in at al cl rs ol ie af Itli ic fr, s- ar preceded and followed by students on H horseback. Passing the palace bands CC played national anthem, "Preussenlied" and "Wacht am Rhien," the students all ar singing to the music. The Emperor ap- tii peared at a window as the procession fe was moving past, and bowed, remaining fr, there a considerable time. The great is cr-wd in the street gave him an ovation, th ti' inultitude cheering itself hoarse and It tiring itself out waving hats and hand: dL kerchiefs. < All the members of the imperial family es and all their princely guests drove in procession to the palace and personally V2 tendered their congratulations to the th Emperor. The procession was cheered at by the crowds in the streets. an A rain storm which set in at :; o'clock dc and lasted until 6 had scarcely any efreet p upon the crowds of enthusiastic Germans d who thronged the streets. The illumi- wi nations to-night throughout the city arc fo uperb. An especially striking feature pa is a icture, one hundred yards long and br twentv yards wide, in front of the da Academy of Arts, depicting events in the Emperor's life. au Bismarck and Von Moltke say tht us thev have received a wonderful reward w] for their services, the character of which Til is as yet unknown. All the secretaries 83 of departments were decorated by the co mperor. In receiving a household In deputation the Emperor said: "1 have It reached this age by the grace of God, TI nd if the Lord helps me, and wants ine cc to, I may live to see another year." eI TI Heric a en en1ts oit sp .ing. On "lIlnrico: Dost thou scent the gente e -le nostrils do attest the same in-d eed, for dust that's to imc neighbor's all carpet wed, already yields to his athletic p strokes." ca "Nay, do nut carp at cleaning indus- la; try, nor thus ingrain thee with such to orsted thoughts, The spring! the gen tic spring is at the door!" B "Let him not in, Andromeda, I pray, di till-he hath purified his breath a bit, and pa urged his raiment of its rubbish tang." "D~ost thou not like the spring, thou esty one?" "~Aye, if the sanme were not too long~ ,spriging. This spring halt makes me 1o oarse with fierce protests, and studs me m< hrough with tilly-ments of wrath." k "I wonder, sith thy stable wit I hear, SC hat thou dost favor not this teeming to ime." "This steaming time is good thou cun w ing conjurer, for thro' the seams and re ewers of soil doth oose obnoxious odors I hat p)roclaim the steaming proeces of pI this vernal change. And man, the imita- a tor that he is, contents him not with in atching nature's whims, but finds fresh I tc uel for this gaseous glow in heap~ing igh the garbage funeral pyre. I won I' er not, when first the liverwvort uprears s the dainty crest above the glebe, and ec cents the garden truck's emuhtvium, he t hies to silent sanctum of the soil and Lc saih: '3Iy dainty redolence will seemn '1l bscure in atmosphere so freight with I fmes'"n "And to thy sense is't only scents that Xl akes thee sentient of spring's senti nent?" "Nay, be me troth; Italia's wander'ing enius of the crank, the booming bus - ness of Esculapians, the school boy c aking furlough from his books to inter ha view the spiral angleworm, the homely p en that hums her humble hy~mti of Eanster emblems, and the holusewife s owl as with the moth she holds herI nnual joust, thtese be some symptomst that assert to ime the year's conjuncetion with the wantou spring.' thI M'Otill .)tk' a (.ooti 4)0t'. to Tihe report that G'overnlor itzhughi m ee made his recent visit to 31innesota s part of a plan to give him the second It place on the next national ticket oigi- e nated, of cours~e, itn a Chicago pl~uer. 01 1here isnot the slightest basis fo)r th iiL muiuttion. Generali Lee is xot the U na. to go a:round lanting for oIlie." ed ? t is :zii di ll t.' Uee ho a tying tigo ny other trip, to St. P'aul or aniyV :e:e le. could promote such an: obj>ec iovrlor iec came here to dine with the P'resident and Mrs. C'leveland, andI at the last moment decided to aiccompii tv some friends to the northiwest-a little rust from the worry of office. At the same imen we again insist that he would make c model Vice-Presid ent.--\ Masington ptiian' 'nd dr"gists titer' at '11te io'the gener~ use andpo tlyoD. tlar uters 'o Te \\tl. I IlE 1iLOW. E; I.):AvI:-l)2'UEItS. hI4~ \! ;i l'mI --- Their Wo W To1d >y ()ne of the Craft. (.,Im 1 New Y1.,I .star.> Ihtrying the dead in Calvary cemetery as come to be a disagreeable job to the nion of grave-diggers, but as no walk ig delegate appeared in the cemetery esterday, the grave-diggers were kept asy all e4ay with pick and shovel, digging ew graves. The announcement that le Yorick association had struck was remature. It has presented its ultima ni to the authorities of Calvary ceme ry, and it awaits their answer. One the grave-diggers, a very intelligent an, leaned on his spade in the cemete yesterday and said to a reporter of e Star: "Grave-digging is about as hard and healthful an occupation as there is. I Mosc that the average term of life of grave-digger is much less than that of ost other workmen. We don't go off quickly as they do in a powder mill, it we go fast enough. Every day we ork we are digging our own graves. rave-diggers do not last more than five - six years. They get crippled by rking in the damp ground, and have go to the poorhouse, and sometimes eir familiea have to go along with em. Pneumonia gets its grip on them these cold, wet graves, and in a few LyS the grave digger's fellow-workmen. e digging his grave, and rattling the aLds down him. There are only two d grave-diggers in the cemetery, and ter they have worked so many yearr at, e trade their wages have been reduced am 81.75 to 81.50 a day, because they e so old. One of the men has beei gging graves for about thirty years. e may be said to have lived in the meterv. "A grave is P feet deep, 7 feet long d 2 feet wide at the bottom. Some nes we have to make it ten or twelve et wide at the top to prevent the sides im falling in. In the winter the frost sometimes two feet deep, and digging e grave is like cutting through granite. takes fromn half to three-quarters of a . to dig : grave, and, as our fellow >rkman says inl Hamlet, 'it lasts for er.' It takes a skilled man to make a ave. An unskilled hand would be ry likely to bIry himself. Nearly all e people we ever see here are in tears, d, considering the hard, disagreeable d unhealthy character of the work we , we think we ought to be decently id for it. At present we get 81.75 ai y, and lose the rainy afternoous. In liter we are laid off about one week in ur, and lose rainy days besides. 31Y y last monith Wias o.,- .,! which is t a fraction over $l a day for every v in the molt. -We arc always in debt to the baker d the butcher, and it is impossible for to put by any moni.y for the time ,en we shall be too old to dig graves. .e superintcndent of the cemetery gets ,5009a year, or about 70 a week. Of urse he is loth to advance our wages. summer we make about $10 a week. has Iieen said that we own our houses. iere isit a grave-digger in Calvary netery who owns 1is house or will r get money enough to own one. c cemetery gets $7 for every full ed grave that's dug, and it gets $1,000 the side hill there for a plot of ground teen feet by eighteen.- It can certain a:lord to pay $2 a day to the grave gers, and they earn that much. Most the people buried here are poor peo They are the longshoremen, hod rriers, carpenters, masons and brick ,ers of New York. They do not want lie in cheap labor graves. "The good Bishop MIcLougldin, of ooklyn, pays 82 a day to the grave ;gers in .Flatbush cemetery, and he vs it every day-rain or shine." Thie Wro VWoman. An amusing incident occurred not ig sice at tihe close of an evening eting at one of our churches. A well own citizen and his wife attended the vice. going thither as was their cus 1 in their own vehicle. When the eting was over the husband told the. fe to be out att the door so as to be idy to go home when he came along th the horse and sleigh. She was omptly on time and a team caime up, nan held out his hand and helped her and drove oil' with her. They had t gone a great way when she said: "It ms to me you got the horse quick." 1 man looked at her a moment in rprise on hearing a strange voice, and claimed: "Good gracious! I have got e wrong woman." He turned the rse arounda and drove back to the tee of meeting, where an exchange s made, and he started homec once >re with the right woman.-Concord onitor. A large part of life's burdens are self poscd and wholly needless. Fears of laities which never happen, a doleful .bit of looking at the worst, a sus zious disposition, a jealous turn of id-these are the tyrants that load us tl burdens heavy to bear and needless carry. If we should honestly examine evarious burdens of our lives, we mld be suirprised to iind how many of e are of this character. Not only v we drop them if we will, lbut justice others demands that we should. A n or woman habitually unhappy is entially selhish, and is always a thorn the comimunitv. There are enough Sses and trials in life which muust be rue, without manufacturing artificial d needless ones; and the more thor ghy we rid ourselves of thle l~ater, the re enrg and spirit we can irmgl to r ipon the former. TI E I NT E R-STATE CO3DUSSION. The 31en Appointed by the President to Regulate the Railroads. The following is a sketch of the public careers of the men composing the com mission, excepting Morrison, whose pub lic services are so generally known as to need no description: THOMAS M. COOLEY was born at Attica, N. Y., in 1824, studied law in that State and removed to Michigan in 1843, where he has since resided. In 1857 he was elected com piler of the State laws and in 1858 re porter for the Supreme Court. In 1859 he was chosen by the regents as com missioner to organize the law depart ment of the University of Michigan, and he has ever since been connected with it. In 1864 he was elected Justice of the Supreme Court and was re-elected in 1869 and 1877. He was nominated by the Republican for re-election in 1885 and was defeated. Judge Cooley is the author of numerous standard legal works. He was recently appointed by United States Judge Gresham receiver of the Wabash Railroad Company. ALDACE F. wALKER is a Vermont lawyer, about 44 years old, a Republican in politics, who stndied law with Senator Edmunds, served as colonel in the Union arm and has since then practiced law at Rutland. In the Vermont Senate he has taken a ading part in framing legislation to solve the railway problem, and has given much study to the question. AUGUST SCHOONMAKER, of Kingston, N. Y., was born in Ulster county, March 2, 1828, and is a lawyer in active practice. He has always been a Democrat in politics. He has been county judge of his county, and candi date of his party for Supreme Court Judge. He was State Senator during Governor Tilden's term as Governor, and was one of the leaders in the Legis lature on whom Tilden relied to carry out his reform measures. He was - ways a close personal and political friend of Tilden's. Schoonmaker was attorney general of New York State in 1878 and 1879. In 1876 he was presented by the Anti-Tamniany delegation from New York, in the Democratic State Conven tion, as their candidate for Governor, mnd he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876 and 1880, and also to the Chicago Convention in L884. He is now a member of the civil ervice commission of New York State, aaving been appointed by Governor cleveland and retained in office by Gov -rnor Hill. wALTER L. BRAGG was born in Alabama in 1838, but resided in Arkansas from 184,3 to 1861. He was aducated at Harvard University and Gambridge Law School, and practiced aw in Arkansas for some years. At the ose of the war he settled in Alabama, mnd for some years was the law partner :f Senator Morgan. He has been a eading Democrat in that State for some years, and has served as national dele gate, Presidential elector and a member af the Democratic national committee. [u 1881 he was made president of the .labama State railroad commission and erved in that position four years, dur ng which time many important ques :ions arising between railroads and their mstomers were satisfactorily adjusted. THE PRESIDENTIAL B003L laine and Sherman Contending for the Republican Bone. (Letter to the Cincinnati Enquirer.) The play for the Presidential position las begun early. Sherman will soon be n thae South making speeches, morewith i view to make an impression inhis own )olitical interest than to advance views ialculated to aid the development of the section he visits. I think I can anticipate Mr. Sherman's :alculations. If Blaine wants a renomi 2aton Sherman believes he can have it vithout reaching out his hand. Blaine vants it, he thinks, only in the event :hat he feels assued of his election. He vill again take no chances. Sherman vill come in as a commanding quantity f Blaine should decide not to seek the aomination. If Blaine attempts to con :rol the convention in the interest of a :andidate of his own choice rather than iimself, Mr. Sherman will then an :gonize him. He will not give way for Nr. Allison or anybody else. In short, Sherman will endeavor to place his can lidacy in such nosition as to make it inpossible to repeat such a deal as re sulted in the nomination of Garfield. Mr. Blaine is now more apprehensive >f the prohibition than of the mug wump vote. In his own State, in New york, in Ohio, and in the northwestern States prohibition is growing. The vote, too, is in political contests becoming :nore gregarious. It largely draws its strength from the Republican party, as loes the labor vote from the Democratic party. In his own mind the problem aow being revolved by Mr. Blaine is "Will there be enough votes cast out side of the Republican party for a pro Libition candidate to jeopardize New york or any other Republican State?" [f he comes to the conclusion there will aot be, Mr. Blaine will be a Richmond. au the field. Mr. Sherman's candidacy this time mecans more and looks more portentous than it ever did before. The Camerons, of Pennsylvania, Simon and Don, are illied with it. They are afraid Blaine in p~ower would cut that wing. They are for Sherman because of martial alliances which binds the house of Sherman with heir own, and because, while they night not get all they asked from him, :hey would never get the cold shoulder. However, it doubtless is true that in i'ennsylvania Blaine is stronger than the Gamerons. In Ohio he has heretofore ,howu more strength than Sherman. In .1cordanc wit :he law enacted by :iugres ~ proii- for the purchase of white marble busts of thec Vice-Presidents, to ie placed in the' iches of the Senate Chamber, the libray commnittee has solic ited propos-itions lifrom sculptors for the wor.k tto"nmening' with the late Vice *t-e'int Hdicks. Not moure than $800 to.pi'd for a singkc bust, andl prefer. .n1 i t e L ::ie i I- ease to an artist r U th sal i fro which the Vic-Presi Ite~e The irst responseS from th" nii ttee i nvitation aLslure-s the orna 'icitaioof t he Chabe wili th the butst of Jihn C. Calhounh by Theodore .Mills, of :hs eitv. son of Cl-ark 11l11k who produced hIi eertriani ' site .hick'on in La