IN i' A
,~ikIK~A P&~
VUL.7 1 MAN( f \I'j' i ~~ Yt S)\'',.~ WEDNIESDA Y. MARCH i; 16,.NO 3
SENAT0) ()1N;" 'JN C T"
CAI11'.UN 'Ii.7. 1AN
A Review of the Charges o d
tratioln in Our state oe t
Board of Agriculture. D .. e.
(rom the New.t ad ourier.)
In mvarticle of thSth ult. 1 pictured in
their own paint several of the ault-filnders
with the conser' ative course of tle Sen
ate during its ht session, who. when
held up to their own nd t lsrvation
of the public, were o shocked to see
themselves as other peoia s- th t
they sought sheiter 1-y at g
convince the pubi tt t r"
comings were nothing but i! , .
Strange mode of abuse ti ee t
cull from one's own words aria exzpies
sions! Save through the genierous ex
ercise of the advantage of a f- -d t
and impartial head-lines. Capt. Tillman
has thus far been the oily one to reply.
He says that "there is an old -ayi
it is the dog who is hit that h ols, and
"only the truth hurts.- If Capt. Ti-1
man is correct, then must not this be the
reason why "his dislike to tre, -ass any
more on the patience of your readers is
overcome by the necessity of replying to
the letter of Col. L. W. Tounaus."lie Ie
evidences the vitality of his movement
by calling attention to the -communica- F
tions which have from time ti ime ap-,
peared in your columns." Tl. citaotn
only proves, perhaps, that Til.1nan i-.!
tation and the sweet assnrance' of get
ting in on the home strete may be nore
potent in certain auarters than, it is be
lieved by one, of your correspondents,
will be his letters to prominen ollowers
in Chester, urging them to cri:ieise and
condemn Senator Patterson for not i
voting to turn out the present board of
agriculture merely to allow C::pt. Ti -
man and his e:.ew a chance to get itio
the public cheese and beec-o tax-eats.
Capt. Tillman raised the cryf Zt
thief against the present boardin e'n
nominated himseif for one of iar :,-h
cessors; but the pcstponeme-,t by tLhe
Senate of the bill to reorgm:nize thI
board, to use his own expres:>on, will
compel him to caterwaul on the outside
for at least one year more before he be
comes a tax-eater, however severe and
distasteful it may be to a po: farmer
who has to stint. He will not lie the
startling cry, "I can't get out! I can',
get out!" But, like the disap0poi; td
office-seeker, "I can't get in, . eat gej
in!" Capt. Tillmuan bec-me so m
the war-path that, i is d e -
my scalp, he first Sud I po- r
forth a regular bro -
ients, and afterwards dae lim
by admitting nearly -'i of' -
least he only positively den l' t-he trut
of one, and afterwards admitted in sub
stance the correctness of thats
"that he was self-co-fessediv :amierable
failure in the management of h 0o1
farm." He intimates that 1 :t
deal of brass, and that ay 1-iad w
addled by the comii 6's g 00d
liquor, because I consid'ered his charce
against the commissioner and "oard u
agriculture "reckless and f.!acious.
And supposing that he was as large I
the eyer vi .very one else as "e 's I his
own, he intimates that in speaking 01
the disciples of Henry George I could
not possibly have reference to any one
else but himself. One who is so modest
as to assume the chamipionship of theI
rights and interests of three-fourths o1
our citizens, and to caution our United
States Senators that they must study in
the "Tifmian Catechism" if th'ey desire
toi-hold their seats, should not be so!
- orant. Had Capt. Tillmnan been at
~posted on the current topics of the
day, he would have known that he was
not the man who said he agreed with
Henry George as far as he could in isi
defence of the masses against the classes.
As to my statement (which he positively
ganies) "that he is self-confessedly a
,miserable failure in the management of
his own farm," I shall draw the record
onbhim.
Capt. Tillman's letter, rebruary 2,
1887: "But there is nothing but chee~k,
brazen and unblushing, in his furth~er
assertion that I am self-confessedlya
miserable failure in the management o:
my own farm. I have never made any~
such confession, and have only said .1
did not feel competent to teach others,
and that after seventeen years' hard
study I did not know how to farm."
Capt. Tillman's speech, April129, 1886:
"These farmers cry in pitiful chorus
'We can't get out! we can't get out:' I
have been in that Bastile myself. I have
felt the waters rising higher and higher,
and looked forward without hope as
failure after failure in the cotton cr0op
left nothing with which to even pay in
terest. I had to sell some land. I claim
no inspiration but common sense, and
that has been burnt into me by getting
in debt, renting to negroes, and making
cotton on bought food for horses and
-hands. I still do not know how to farin."
"Oh, what a tangled web we weave
When first we practice to deceive."
Will the Captain still deny his confes
sion of failure? If so, then who or what
was it that did fail? Was it the Govern
ment, the board of agriculture or the
Senate? Or was it the extravagant, im
becile and incompetent cotton crop that
clouded itself in euttle fish dye and
would not gro y, regardles~s of the fact
that the poor farmer had to stint and
could not even pay interest?~ 1 ap~pea:
to the reason of the public if a nmat
whose cotton crop failed year aftey
so that he conid not even pay int.c
and does not yet know Low to fau
should be placed on the State boat
agriculture?
Is such a man aprop~er ier~cae
commission to traveil ehr m
without limit as to the en:ehdtre o!
publie funds to Lnve-.etue1: pat
opeatons of agrieuhm" colier'\ inT'
lble tells us that he~ who was ati
over a few things wa rd rlr v
many; but neither Holy Wr\ it Lu ee
reason or common sense- tell us im
man who has failed in th" manaige~LL)
of his cwn planting and does *o kAL noi
how to farm should be plac-ed over i
agricultural interest of the tate. Co.'
fessing the beam in hisow~nt\ ey.L:e
tacks the mote in the eye of the G~ovet
merit, and playing "leaip frog' over im
t thei nord of agrieniture.
+Msia (toperations of this
-:r w:-rtain whether my
't isioner' goodloi nr "ett*
ut-t Lielit.al me, or his sn!-, s'
eess as aarmer has bes-t qualiied him
to sit in judgment on the nerits of the
boaIrd. Just here, as an act of simple
justice to Col. Butler, let me say that I
neither drank any of his liquor nor dI
I ta.ke a drink with him during my statey
:n Columb'1)i a.)
The boaird of agriculture conprises a
membership of live. One of these posi
tions v.s fi'led for two years ly o
e-or ihood and four yearus 'v Go
ernor Thomtaon. Chars of the i:tur
preere ' Cap(t t I . Tillman. will no. 1ml(d
tis fth of tJe r m' o
Ie ey-s of the pulic. col. J. N. ip+
.omb), for four years secretary of State
nI master of the btte Grange, is
'no"tr member of the board. Who are
thie best judges) of Col. T ipscomb' tit
ness for office, th people of South Caro
lina, who have twice endorsed him for
the responsible position of secretary of
State, and the farmers, who have unin
terruptedly ch1ose-n him for chiLfof their
Order, or those who are miserable fail
ares in their own avocatior* A third
membership has been illed by Col. D.
P. Duncan. I can point to no more
-ouclusive evidence of his fitness and
eaacity for the position than the fact
that he has been repeatedly chosen by
the most progressive and inteliigent
farmers and mechanics for president of
the Agriculturil and Mechanical Society
of the State. W. D. Johlson, a large
and successful planter, who was a chan
cellor un(d-r the old regime. is a fourth
memobc-r, and MIr. A. S. J. Perry, a ier
'-ha::, is the fifth and Last mi:abe!r of
the board.
To M.. Perry's energy and tterprise
tha- State Is indebted to a large extent
for basing the estimate of the royalty
paid by the Coosaw Company on crude
rock instead of dried rock, a measure
whicb resulted in the recovery of $4,
:.t for ti.e State and -.!I an:nual in
crease in its revenue of .%,;-). The
operations of the board of agricultare.
were made an object of serutiny by the
ectononn caucus oE the Legislature in
Decmber, 18S5, which was so micro
sco in its ideas of retrenchment as to
e dLIubbed "three for a quarter." This
investigation was conducted by Rlepre
sentative Pope, the recognized leader of,
the economic wing of the House, and
for the information of the public, and
that a certainparty may be struck 'with
another reailization of his own errors
and the errors of those around him," I
will quote a svnop,is of the report as
given by the News and"i Courier Decem
"Mr Poe peenedan ehlboratte
Of .agri"tnre, a t i at
ai with theo bu at this
tim 1 wonid be unwise' ad l ijudicious.
A ho i klcusstoin followe.d. Prvbody
n'doset the b cau." Stimulated, no
doabt, by the citicisms of Ca.t. Till-!
tx, It to tihe e'teet that the board of agri
c -a!t' was spending lots of money i
ay t .es, wIn had an :torn
m::-m sah . I tgsa'~r to atend to
su s (r. \.W. ShehL. of Lan
....re,Iruj a reolutioen in the
r. C '' iou, I i) h the N;vs and
Courier ont7idered "Capt. Tillman's
n :te way throuh," a
pointing a committee of three to iavcsti
gate the charges.
Lessrs. Shell, Dargan and Davis were
appointed on the committee to obtain
the desired information. The commit
tee, by way of a report, introduced CoL
L. A. Ransom, who would explain the'
matter fully to' the Convention. At the
close of Col. Ransom's statement, which
the Columbia correspondent of the
News and Courier said was very clear
and expiciit. "Senator Talbert moved
that the report of the agricultural bureau
be received as entirely satisfactory to
this Convention. 3Ir. .Dargan m"oved to
amnend by returning the thanks of the
Convention to M1r. Ransom for his plain
and explicit statement. He was glad to
see that the be -eau had the judgment to
retain in its service so level-headed an
officer. Adopted amidst applause."
In view of charges of extravagance and
maladministration against the State
Government specifically made by Capt.
Tillman, 31r. Prince, of Anderson, in
troduced in the same Convention a reso
lution providing for a committee of ten
to examine the books and offices of the
several State departments. This resolu
tion was:-eferred to the committee on
resolutions, and was reported back with
the following comment by the said com
mittee: "The committee on rtdes and
resolutions beg leave to report that they
have carefully considered the resolution
submitted hvy3Ir. Prince in reference to
the appointmnent of a committe3 to in
vestigate and report in reference to
State of licers, and reflections on said
officers for extravagance and maladmin
istration, and we are satisfied that said
report or reports are unfounded and un
warranted, and we respectfully recom
mend that said committee be not ap
pointed. The report of the committee
was adopted without dissent, thus tabling
the resolution." We thus see my brass
endorsed and Capt. Tillmzan's charges
refuted amid applause and by the unani
mous voice of his own Convention.
Capt. Tillman says I have failed to
point out in what way the farmsers are
benefitted by the board of agriculture,
and do not show where the $170J,000 they
hiave spent has gone, and cannot show
any adequate results of its expenditure.
1. have just replied to Calpt. Tilhuan in
the language of his own Convent ion. I
will now reply to him in his own lan
pagre. I" setion "S" of a seri:es of
i-esoluti untrodneed into the April
...enenion, and knowna a" the Tillman
oltio s, he tyles the doubling of the
* e'-' taxu fertilize:rs. w'hich would
*ahe th ta LX it'y cets istead of twenI
easit is 'ow, "a small, indirect
-'c auos, whicha farmers will will
pyto be gu'rantee-d against
'1" a t very g' "r""ty to the farmer.,
eryt dva"need logic-ian,
-a e ( :t. Tillmiau than
ru ce. o th b Iml however, are notb
a1.1e to this particular, but among
Sb'n1 w.ic the farmers ishare in
comnaw citizens, resulting fromn the
expeniditure oi this .3170,000, may be
the Co'.vw Co, asi
have preno-lymetionedl, in the re -
coverilng of -, k nd an annual in
crease of the publi incoie of ,
TAhe stimiao t he tll . amout t a d
rivell the rs5dts oii' isn
monbers about :.;,I0 TI sd oi It in
wich~f has rAn g ini . reovir ( n
ent board the rovael 11'l: the stm(O
iuiring the sev years of it- supervision
has beii increasedI from -:',40.7D*, the
aggregate paid for the seven years just
previous to the establishment of the de
patment of a-ri-uiture, to 9i0,5% an
increase of S t:.2:: in 'avor of tile :rs
ent board, and collected without anyx
pense whatever to the public treasury.
Fifth. I will merely allude to its conduct
of the public interest in fish aid fishe
ries; to its attempt to encourage imii-'
gration; to the magniiIcent handbook
which it has compiled, printed and dis
tributed, setting forth the advantages,
resources, &c., of the State; to its ser
vices at the different expositions; to its
experiments, its correspondence, publi
cation and distribution of seed. The
work of this dep- r1ment has b'en fully
commenslurat '.h what mwh ht hat
bcel expected fromn h 1ist(ui"h
men who hav e ondu cd it( pt. T'
man and his allies have pr1oposed
Governor Hagood and CA. Duncan for
members of the new board, and Chan
cellor Johnston was selected by them as
a member of the traveling comnittee, to
investigate agricultural colleges in oth
States. Thus we see thc:'a cndorsing
three of the members of this verv boarI
which they charge witi extravagance
and iLcoupetence. Thi1y nounc
Prof. MeBride's farm in
Columm as a farec, ad .. their
usual coisney, soie of t:ema are
uring him for director of those provid
ed for by the Legislature at its la-st ss
sion. Capt. Tillman thinks the Leg
lature should have been governed on l
agricultural questions by his Conven
tions. During his November Conven
tion there were several thousand farmers
in Columbia,. notwitlstanding which
fact, the attendance on his Convention
was very slim. Cimt. Tillman acknowl
edging himself to be the only reoresea
tative frosi his Congressional distr
who repre wted the farms- :
who were in his konvention, or th
several t 1;und who werel n a?*
took no iotice of it?
As to the sins of the Senate, i bd
passed the experimental stin bil, the
bill to tax cotton scd meal d ili
to repeal the lien law, three iasure
recommended by Capt. Tllman' C
vention aud merely psostponed ai
the bill to reorganize the depstment
agriculture until the next sssin.Th
we see the Senate really rejected non. A
their proposed nasrcs, while it
House passed two of thin ir billst ex
perinentald-ation bill and the. ili t.
reorganize the department of agricul
ture. It rejected three of thir meas
ures outright-the joint resolution call
ing a Constitutional Convention, the b-ll
to tax cotton seed meal, and the bill to
repeal the lien l.w. Unler these cir
cumstances the question might be asked1
with propiecty which of these two bo die
conformed nmost to the requiremnenitso
Capt. Tillma~n and Lis followers, th
"Farmer Housne or the "Sinful Sent.
I can only account for- the silence with
which they have trested. the daughtser o
their pet mneasures in the ilouw', and
the "hue and cry" they nave rised ovr
the mere postponemecnt of one of thei'r
measures by the ente, upon the.
ground that the measure postponed ws
the only one which opened up an avenue
to the position of "tax-eater."
Mr. Tillmnan asks if I have forgotten
that some years ago both the Agricul
tural Society and the State Grange
passed resolitions urging the Legisla
ture to abolish the lien law, which, ac
cording to Capt. Tillman, is my "pet
avcrsion" and his "damnable lien law,"
and explained the nonconformity of th
Legislature to this requiiement of the
two organizations in tue following lan-'
guage: "Had either or both of these o
ganizations represented any considerable
contingent of our agricultural pla
tion; had there been fewer pohitician
among them and more real honest farna
ers, there would have been more hee
paid to their wishes." Between the
caprice of fortune, the "Farmer House
and the "Sir ful Senate,' the reco
mendations of Capt. Tillman's Conven
lions were shown very little guarter
Perhaps by striking out the wordsI
"organizations" and inserting in i u
thereof the word "Convention" the
Captain can find a solution of his trouble
very nearly in his own language.
The Seriutures tell us that whenth
blind lead the blind both fall i the
ditch know , then, can a man who dees
no nwhow to farm lead the farmerst
of thme State? Shoul some (of Capt.
Trillmnan's propost(ins be: adop'tel th
farmers woahi soon pray to be delivered
from their friends. 1 allude to the
doubling of the royalty on river roc
and the license tax-measures which~
wo'ud ultimately rc-ult in the leas
of the tax exclusiv paid by farmes
from .25,(000 to .<15 ,00 whieb. as~ an
iirect tax ,Capt. Ti'a L ast
farnmers woh 'U.. i.oV pay Sofa a
alludes to thelices t *xthogi: th
woul ntel it ' te woh1 ie
tax.?l-a Qute cii.'H.t~ that-, t
I .5c 4idre, wh would C el he''' wou'
Il th farmnes I ave bu no gerun
of* comlit aga iinsort t Let h~tare
sive paid by' farmes sto grenera 5tat
v iesins in te ads of tl farer Tiie
jw r.-ievancesI ave nbo adoute the:
11he1 uao~rer'stl beare netces h
.lA , wtPe's 'leep. typical of
ain a springis about
sun, rising higher and
w ilheaven 15 K~iipouring down
la ~ ~ ~ 11 r.iIeyupn h earth,
: waking iaits
S::a!- 1hjees a1ro-und hil.
use and is im
. in the ground and do
his yll he the carth with
vertur. y are they who can place
+te . ite harmony with
u , who niver waste their strength
in u udcC' 1 cotet With "er inexorable
law::. oi of the 1lading objects of the
C v i : to estabish and preserve
t b:s it reader: and the
m aterial wor'id in wNch they live, to en
ble t'he to se how cold and heat, rain
and s" ine, earth and air, when right
IT un. dso, may all be conducive to
r's wlfare; iovw co-operation with
the forocs of nature may lighten his
labors .aid increase their productiveness,
whilst aungonism with them not only
incremses Iis labers. but renders them
unprodu:tive and fruitless.
Now me three leading features of
nature which confront the farmer this
month are a lw temperature, eomi)act
ing irins an!" ijgh v?iinas. Whatever he
plant s or prepares to pant. lie must have
a constat eve to these three things.
in,:-, as to cold. Seeds need heat to
make them germinate. Where will they
ind the most of it, ncar the surface or
at greater depth? If a cold body is
placed bne ore a ire, which becomes warm
'ooner, its uter surface or its interior?
11!s not the heat to travel through its
urface befure it can rcach its interior?
Is it n'ot perfecty clear then that the
sa i.n th firt to become heated?
Noat the ed f iwinter, the earth is to
r! garded as a ceId body. As long as
the nht eceeded the days in iength.
the earth was losing more heat than it
rceived; in other words, growing colder.
As the sun conies northward and the
lays become longer, the sun not only
throws more heat upon the earib, but
projects the heat more perpendicularly
m1(1 its sarface. so that less of the heat
aices oilf, or is reliected from its sur
ace, aLl more of it is absorbed or goes
to warm it. The earth, then, in spring,
i its relation to the sun, is like a cold
,odhvj*dl leiore a !ire. Its surf;c.e first
ecomes wirmedi and aifterward;he heat
eper and deeper. What is
obious5 inference to be drawn from
is? That in early planting-s, seeds
(ou ld not' buried deep in the soil.
un the contrary, that they should be
ne just as nar the surface as the re
pit mimure can he secured.
Again, as it is desirable that seed come I
no! ro' l when plantcd, les com
I.' U ritiu' s and baking winds crust the
A them and hold thema down,
.' shild alwa, s biear in mind the tem
r at whmeh different .els will
iat. table of the lowest average
teoaus at which some of our com
"Un CUltivated plants will germinate is
presented. These tigures have been
learned from actual experiments. It is
to be regretted that the temperature of
ermination of others of our ordinary
rop plants, like cotton, peas, etc., can
uot be gi!ven:
ao'.s->r :v mm-i: i' ERiArurl- cU' Gamni
NAT10N.
FrTom thet above we may draw the fol
oing conclusionl: That ini any given~
lolity th' a verage temperature for the
month of Ma rch is 50 degrees or above,
uon m.y be safely planted diig that
month:P if it is lower than 45 dere it
w ouhi be unwilse to put the seedI in the
gro-nd Now, if a farmer has a~ ther
imometer ans every one shouldi) and
records the highest and lowest tempera
tres of the air each day (say at two
o'lock and at sunrise), and strikes an
average of all, he can approximate quite
closely the average temperature of the
upper layer of the surface soil. In many
localities the average temperatures of
the aiiiferenmt months can be learned from
observations already made by signal
olice'rs and other observers. Truie, expe
rice has pretty well settled about the
right time in each locality when a par
ti:m:! 'rop 2mmi-l be 1heiniQ, but sea
sous vary a good deal, and thme aiverage
.pmyatur'e of tim :irst or secod half
of March niiar varv' three or four de
grees. An invariabile date for planting
cannot be Aixed. and instead of the hap
hazard way. :.,f guessing that "it wmll do
to planit co'n," it would be better to
lrn detiniely' and accurrtelv that the
sol 'as warni enough to b/ring it up
proply. l'armer~s use trees as ther
-omte. -plant cornm. they say, when
the "do'oo 1,liossous," cir when the
"poplari leaf is a:, large as a sguirrel's
ear" Teseare useini signs, but why
not use th thermom~n .r itself and de
teri nne the. rate still more definitely.
Grden 'er- "ad miorists regulate the tem
prtreof thei green-houses by ther
mometer"s; why should not a farmer use
tesans" instrument, in his calling,
wh e"e it is practicable? Hie may not
le meG h :i us oil.excet to a very
;ie~itedIex ent, 1: fr'e.tieg manulres,
I: h e' 'a.'Im 1 C'ut w'L'. the sun hats
corn aan.r ofth tir hi'mortance;
2.refa-, ot'di atten
> tar. at rsshsh be iak'n to
e eI c' e 'p 'romp1tly and
* a ':1 abov.e a narer could not
.*vcnn-= 'rn t 'e. Thecse
n-::se 1 sun beitfls more per~
enien' pm heir surfaece. .lt
fars.e .:nt a :..t ohis corn~ crop to
'''turne very rre I."I!c'an seet fo it a1
ou r i'e wit rath'er'light-textured
but .:.rk-coored w!il . loose soil is
eld fr i:at wat'er may~ "ink in it
'-reily a o , 'e soii ia awmy cold in
the spring, aId a dk :iI is dOsira WI
lecuise at diirk soil JbS4rDS beat better
-Next t) ol compacting" rain11;el
dIrying winds are tobema-.1ann
Howy First by'. keping the' 'oi roil
filled with himus. Heavy rains cnn't
comipact a new--ground. Secnd by1o;
bringing up too much clay to the sur
fRace. if a thin soil, with clav subsoil.
must be deepened with a turn plow, it
should be done very gradiully, only a
little clay brough't uT) t one tue: and r
I is bet"ter if this be done just in adv'nce
of a small r inte ad of a crop which
I hi to be pioned anl loeLl. For thin.
TIhe - mU 01 c:-ngte
ile ts - u! . t.1: crusting)' .4 thle oi -a0 v
tLem. ItIIf tl n1 is rl r if the
seed is cove red with a board-wv.ihich to a
i certain degrce comlpresses the .coil like a
ro llermud : ms left flat, crubting is
much Imore ' t Consue, thal if the seud
is covered %,i I- h a plow aid the land left
lightly ridged. Corn planted in a very
shallow Urill "'nd cove-red with a double
foot plow, making a very small list or
ridge over it. is in better condition to
come iii) well than under any other mode
of planting we know.
Opinion is divided as to the policy of
planting corn in water forrow. The
greatest objection is the filling of the
furrow with water after heavy rains and
the consequent baking and hardening of
the soil when it dries off after water has
stood upon it. In a wet spring, it is
difficult to secure a good stand under
these circumstances, and the corn, when
quite young, is 'iable to be drowned out.
But these disadvantages, which are ad
mittedly great, are, we think, more than
counter-balanced by the great ease of
cultivating the crop. The saccessive
ploughings cover up and kill grass vith
ease and certainty, and at the same time
throw dirt to the corn about as fist as it
needs it. It renders possible also the
exclusive use of the sweep or scrape in
the cultivation of the crop, and this
carries with it, almost of necessity, shal
low culture, which is a matter of the first
importance. Planting corn in the water
furrow also facilitates the application of
manure around the corn, withut th
necessity of siding and possibly cuiting
its roots. Another decided'i v
that the corn is laid by, with the surface
flat and level, instead of being ridged.
In our dry, hot climate this is also veryI
desirable. When the soil is thin, the
water furrow must be correspondingly
shallow; it would not be well to pllant
corn deep in the raw subsoil. Circum
stances alter cases, and sound judgment
must be exercised about every operation
of the farm.
The question is often asked, vhat
manures are best adapted to c,;rn? A
1, - - , L1
comnpared withL cotton, corn leeds ab5
the same stwstances with a soneihat
inereascd qua.itit y of aitrogen. Cotton
seed, for ilstanev, which has always been1
successfully used as a manure for corn,
is by itself unsuited as a fertilizer for
cotton, and nitrogen is the predominant
element of cotton seed. But experienca
has shown that cotton seed is improved
as a manure for corn by the addition of
phosphate, showing that corn does not
need quite so l:rge a propurtion of
nitrogen to phosphorie acid and potaShas
cotton seed contains. A strictly cottok
manure is also improved, when I tended
for corn, bv tIe Udditon of more pota h.
In Fiurian's formula, for in-tance,
which is adapted to cotton on medium
lands, the cotton seed and kainit night
be doubled for corn on the same quility
of land. Cow manre and ashes have a' o
proved an excellent fertilizer for corn.
But experiment has not succeedet-d as vet
in fixing as definitely the proportion of
ingredients in a corn manure as it has tin
that for cotton. Experiments nmade at
the North throw comparatively little
light upon corn-growing at the South,
because from the hireninanc-e of gr::s
and grain crops in the forimer, the Siils
of the North are much richer in organi
nitrogen than those of the South.
The winter killing of oats for several
years past has thrown a damper on that
rop and - irected attentioin rather more
to corn. But it is urged upon the reade
to remember that unless arrangement
are made to work the corn crop with the
plow alone, it may lprove a1 very expen
sive eropl. If upland corn is panted in
the water furrow. and this furrow is ililed
up gradually (not all at once' by succe
sive plowings, and if bottom lands are
planted in checks, it is p)ossILe, indeed
it is easy to cultivate a crop with the
plow withou; the aid of the hoe. Start
ing the plow early and repeating the
plowings at short intervals is the whole
secret. Such cultivation, with judicious1
manuring, will instu-e cheap corn. But
inasmuch as the corn crop is more or
less liable to be cut oir by drought, it is
desirable, in making arrangemzents for
an aminC supl of~ prVisirns, to include
n ne's prograum~e moere or l ', oLix
larger grainedt sorghums l:1ke ka'ir cieru.
These will make lair yields unider cir
cuinstances where corn wuldh utterly
fail, and our experience indues the be
iief that for feeding pu'rposes their -raon
is nearly or quite as gotd ais cmrn
This is the propier moathi f'r top
dressing grass and "rain. A little nitrate
of suida--say . i pounds peri acesu
combination witha phosphates, will often
producle a marke eiii mge. in' theirl
growh. A yelk'ish a f th'4se
as a pretty -ueilia' e o h- edo
the nitrate of sod a ss r clover.i
plaster is thle u-ira to p-dressing; 10
pounds per acre wi salui'e. Somnetime'
it produ~ces woualeriul edi -ts'-cc-irn
ally no apparent result fow its ::ipH
eation-but no '"'e can liedi:2 d
,jrwni -ut it i..wllo doL 'hi' m the:I
half of the monthL tha th0 Iing ptt'I' P t
'aiy beeon'' w"''j euI4h- a -Lr
'iuly Ie wI' V re i-W au
conme up and gri' . onr~ pooply
Mr. Editor: Iwas indUCCed by readings
your good p:pe try Dr. ii.rter'.,
fron Tonie ?or debility, lie i ao er
nai~ seroil, jand th V belkS
eureud mie. Accept my thank'
to -... and ali ntw t.ie ali Zingfl hunm
MA UY'S SAl FATE.
: . -ing story of a Littld (ir In .
. A LF.7.:V, CUtah. 3Iarch 9.
iten years ago Samunel ates, a Mon
Mll, then the possessor of two wives
Ann al J.aU1, the latter being childless,
took'1. Mary Lee, an orphan, to bring up
Iecordin' toi the rites of the Church of
the Latter Day Saints. As Ann had
maiy children to comfort her the babe
was plced ini charge of Jane, a devout
1ormn. ' herself born in the faith.
ry -,pa renitswere from England.
He r inher was a delicate little woman,
' ieredrt 1iv m-auv here as a tearful
y oars u. 'Times were hard
tt b t vbn th -y Iirst appearc:i here,
:mrder for some reason.
Ju !iu)and was about to take a
s4eet d ie. evidently against the wishes
of t'e om-panion of his youth, he was
killed in a snow slide, and three ononths
afte'r that his widow died, some said of a
broh.>n heart, leaving little Mary alone
in thc' world. Samuel Bates was some
th of a man among the MIormons.
tie was called Brother Bates. 1His first
wie wts a Lard, coarse woman, but
T:ne, to whom the little orphan went,
was tender, rather good looking, and
el with a stern and unbending faith
in the divinity of her religion, and a de
termination to "live" it to the end. The
cbild which thus fell to her partook of
her dead mother's disposition. As she
grew to womanhood she became fair to
a degree not often seen in these parts,
but in spirit she was gloomy, sad and
reticent. Surrounded by 'Mormons and
taught by the pious Jane, she became
aumost a fanatic on the subject of re
ligion herself, and readily accepted all
that was instilled into her mind as the
inspiration of the Lord.
A year or two ago 31ary Lee became
acquainted with a young man living in a
mining camp not far from here, a Gen
tile, of course, as no Mormon delves for
rrold and silver. The youth, Seth Bent
lv by nanu. rarely lost an opportunity
to pay tie .irl little attentions, and at
leng t i. ene the rumor that he was
'er accept ia lover. She would stroll
awav to the foot Lilis to meet him, of
veis they woull he seen by the
itountahi brook which winds through
he to.wu, and ion S:aday afternoons,
yartic..rly when Biother Ba'..s was
ter-y from home, they would be riding
or wi Ilkng together. Jane inmad ao op
position to the intimacy, but when
Brother Bates's attention was called to
the matter, ie felt that it wvas hi duty
to interfere. Little by little Jane's mind
was w ovr to his way of thinking,
though at lir-t she had been unsuspect
. .BJntly was forbiddcn the house,
:te girl -;;-a; told that she must
........'dim again. Eat they met
Lsatint as a result of MIars's dis
ua Siee, oat Iby revon of Bently's
Ctce. HO feT EL ound her Je d <y last
: "e down by the brook, and when
i wId nave run fror him lie caught
er", -nd holding her closely he told her
o his atieetion for her and entreated her
to become his wife, and in return re
!eived -ome encouragement. Fronthat
time on thecy met occasionally, unknown
to Brother B ates or Jane.
In September Brother Bates went to
New de'xico ou an exhortationi tour, and
en -, returned in October he brought
vith him a Mormon elder iamed
:a.ry, who, seeing 1ary Lee, be
oi'u'it him that he would like to take
'autiner wife, his fifth, and he accord
n broached the subject to her on the
ecod day after his arrival. The girl
repelled hm with horror, but he pressed
i it and at length brought Brother
3ate'. to hIs assistafnce. At first Jane
>)ppos.:d the proposition. She was a
inc re 3Iormon, but her affetion for
ier ios' r" ehik got the better of her
ith I or a time, and until she could be
ylacaed Ld"r Cratty had to hang his
aii'p on the willow. The means recorted
'j to lring Jaue to see the error of her
wars are familiar to all who have had
intercourse with the strange p~eople who
'nhabi~)t th'ese valleys. Brother Bates
uda vision. Then Eldcr Cratty had a
-i' in. Thn a bishop who was passing
brough~ Jeieho) Valley had a vision.
iieni the Sanuday school superintendent,
:he Stuniay scitool teachers, and the
ocal el. icrs and rmislionaries had visions.
b'y a singular coneensus of opiniou all
mdseen the same ting. M'~ry Lee was
JoiXs choice for Elder Cratty's wife.
stiU the girl, now most of the time in
:ears, like her unhappy mother, dead
ixteen years, shrank from the proffer of
:he vihitor, and her foster mother, the
~indly but superstitious Jane, stil de
aurred, though growin~g weaker and
eaker in her opposition.
The visions failng of the desired
'Uet, Elder C2ratty and Brother Bates
.ent up into the mountains sonme time
ast month, and, fasting for fourteen
uys and nights, they wrestled with the
-Ai 'nd at the end of their vigil they
iere rewardedl by seeinig a great light
ud leaig a vo)ice from heaven saving
u Elde1r Cratty should take MLiry Lee
icb hia wife, and that further delay
t\oud~ be- both unseemly and displeasing
'o the Lord. With this revelat~on and
'he i'urther assrance that a spirit had
pjp:eared unto Cratty in a vision saying
Lat if 31ary Lee would marry himi she
Would" reecve it:c requisite anfec'tion for
alethusbaud by 1,raying for it in the
Vme h o wended their way home
.,d anid comnicated to .Jane the re
t ftirprayers and fasting. In
hfc of such undoubted tiidence of
he Lord's app~roval that good woman
ould' say no' mo~re, and tailing the girl
o0 *e ah she ' advised her to give up
eri teide lov'er ad clin" to the hus
undi- selected fr her by Giod . do had
ua'le ''is servatst tha't if she dd not
, a hh ow t- ..Prit wIohu confer
Ae' own f.ai.~th was stag a nd
a ltr'ws to brmng her to admit
he h :ldecided to obey the comn
":'.W':i 'she it last gav~e her con
etaere wats mnuch joy in Jericho Val
e'y, and a g reat c':nuany was made up
"ao al'n wit! the wedding party to
tae tenlni ' Th'ey' were to uart by
Whn a the suu camne up over the moan
ain range thatt morning it saw Mdary
L-'e down" by the brook, revolver in
zaud, s.tone uend. She had risen 'daring
the night, and having sought a secluded
po wh're sae and Blently often met,
she h~ia taken her appeal at once to the
Judge of all the earth. Her religion
would not permit her to marry the man
of her choice and her womanhood re
volted agr inst the alliance which, accord
ing to earthly interpretation, the unseen
power had arranged for her.
THE STALWART CANDIDATE.
Sherman the Choice for President-Signifi
cance of His Southern Trip.
WASHNGTON, March 8.-Senator Sher
man proposes starting on his Southern
trip this afternoon. It is under
stood among his close friends that Mr.
Sherman contemplates combining busi
ness with pleasure on this trip. The
initial conference held here during this
winter by prominent Republicans of the
stalwart faith, with reference to Repub
lican prospects in the next Presidential
election, have resulted in a substantial
concurrence in the opinion that Mr.
Sherman is by far the best available
Presidential timber for the Republican
party. Pennsylvania has always been
looked upon as a Blaine stronghold, but
it is said that the Cameron influencewill
from now be exerted to secure a Sher
man delegation to the next Republican
National Convention. New York is also
counted upon for Sherman, and in the
Northwest ex-Postmaster-GeneralHatton
and the clique with which he trains are
to look out for Sherman delegates. Of
course Mr. Sherman can have no difficul
ty in securing the Ohio delegation.
When Mr. Sherman was a candidate for
the Presidential nomination of 1880, he
used his power as Secretary of the
Treasury to "work" the South, and, as
will be remembered, he obtained quite a
respectable following in that section. He
had no scruples in appealing to Southern
collectors of customs and of internal
revenue to help him out. It is among
the traditions of the Treasury Depart
ment that upon one occasion he hinted
to Mr. John L. Thomas, the collector of
customs at Baltimore, that a Sherman
delegation from Maryland to the Repub
lican convention would be very accepta
ble, but that Mr. Thomas was too much
tinctured with Blaineism to take kindly
to the suggestion. Now it is said that
Mr. Sherman and his friends are of the
belief that the seed sown for him in the
South in 1880 fell upon good ground,
and that this is the time to follow up the
good work. It is reported, therefore,
that on his Southern trip Mr. Sherman
will take the occasion to lay his wires
for Southern delegates to the conven
tion of next year. So far as Virginia is
concerned, it is said that Gen. Mahone
is thoroughly in sympathy with the
Sherman movement, and will use his in
filuence for a Sherman dolegation. Col.
Casaday, the sergeant-at-arms of the
Senate, and who has long been one of
the most prominent managers and work
ers in the Republican party of North
Carolina, has long been devoted to the
political fortunes of Mr. Sherman, and
he is relied upon to secure the North
Carolina delegation. These all think
that Mr. Sherman will strengthen his
chances by going South and mixing in
with the people, so that other Republi
can aspirants for the nomination will
watch Mr. Sherman's Southern tour
with considerable interest, if not anxiety.
Notes of Southern Progres&
W. E. Gilliam is developing a gold
mine at Sheppard's, Va.
A sash, door and blind factory is being
erected at Corsicana, Texas.
A gin factory is being built at Corsi
cana, Texas.
It is reported that S. S. Marshall &
Bro., of Allegheny City, Pa., will estab
lish glass works at Chattanooga, Tenn.
A pottery is being erected near Pin
son, Tenn., by Stewart & Alexander.
It is reported that a file factory is to
be established at Chattanooga, Tenn.
It is rumored that a stave and bent
wood factory will be started at Jellico,
Tenan.
A company is being formed to build a
street railroad at Dalton, Ga.
R. M1. Couch will erect a lath and
shingle mill near JKeyser., N. C.
James D). McNeil will build a cotton
yarn factory, 41) by 650 feet, at Fayette
ville, N. C.
A chair factory will be started near
Gibsonville, N. C., by Clapp & Co.
A trunk factory has been started at
Birmingham, Ala., by I. C. Banadman &
Co.
J. & D). Noble, of AXnniston, Ala., have
ordered new machinery to double the
capacity of their by&r works.
A $250,000 sto' .. company is being
organized at Sheffield, Ala., to establish
a rolling mill.
C. B. Hargrove, of Rome, Ga., con
template starting a rope factory.
A company has been formed at Cull
man, Ala., to build water works, with
J. H. Karter as secretary and William
Bower treasurer.
The Mississippi Land, Immigration,
Mining and Manufacturing Company rhas
bee-n organized at D~urrant, Miss. The
authorized capital stock is said to be
.91,000,000.
The Trowbridge Furniture Company,
cap~ital stock $20,000, has been chartered
at Atlanta, Ga., by John Trowbridge,
Henry T. Trowbridge, Leonard T. Ken
dall and George W. 'Towers.
The Southern Bridge Company, of
Birmmngham, Ala., are putting in new
machinery and will add boiler works
and the manufacturing of bolts, nuts,
rivets, etc.
J. C. G4reeley, of Jacksonville, Fla.,
A. M1. Ives, S. C. Thompson, Mr. Drew
and others have bought 6, 000 acres of
mineral lands, which they will develop.
The Free Deliv~ery Airected.
The failure of the Deficiency Appro
priation bill affects the postal service to
this extent. There are la~ places at
which the free delivery service was to
have been es atblished imamediatcly, but
uow nothing in this diirecticn can be
lone until the beginning of the next
tiscal year, when the regular applropria
tion will be available. 1i another item
it was proposed to appropriate 81l00,000
to enabic the Postmaster-Gieneral to in
stitute a thorough examination of the
accounts of all fourth class postmasters,
which would have Lecessitated the ap
rointment of several additional postoftice
inspectors. Tfhis investigation was ren
dered necessary because nmerouts frauds
hIave been discovered in the accounts of
oostmasters whose compensation is de
cormined by the number of stamps they
cancel.
There's more bonet to tihe squtare inch nf
I ha than in nythingr we know of