Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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4<n K, VOL. lL. MNNIN(. CLA~E t)~ N .~ S.C., WVEDNEJSDAY. ILAY 31~ O 0 Tit F , %;1." V' -% .%I An Exptanation of teco ( Thf ilody ol the eAgricultum! Senator L. V. Youm.ans, of il has written a letter to the Courier, dending the :: State Senate ou diti m s sidered at the recent s . r viewing the articles of th : who have pu thrh newspapens, Snator Pauzas In a resumae ri finding we note three speic - against the Se::t: T r the bill providingfor..xpr tions: the reection ' e4e1 provking -for a travel e1:;"'- ty investigate the mou opea::. -e cultural co- ge in"ttt.: postpene nt f t the departmznt of t the biul to v for j tions was maimed in the 1":."' original design frustra by a Cm d o ment provi:NJg for tw ta in I of one, as at irst inteno.ed. .T i t. tion of the framer of Is o it followe in its pto ror ganize the departnILen of icuhure, and that the $10,0j0 'ap rp d be, e-n pended under the aui; ces f a new board of agrieultar upon one station, a with the view of makin it a b asis for ti the ultimate estabilshm..ent o an aile - eI tural and mechan-ical col,.. The bill t to reorg-mize the dep.artment of agricul- o ture having be, Is po t oncu by the Sen ate, and the nnaedmet this bil having been adopted by :Le Louse con- al trary to the expectatien e :: author, n thus shorn of tiat y n - its .ur- tr roundings, crudely unene'. in the ti hurry of of legislation- was . to the tl Senate, incongruusi , Lzpe and ineor- ti rect even in its prslo. All e w Senate proliosed to do except to strike a2 out the provisions for the travelng com- w mittee, which, I will state ci passait, tL was an amendment propse d by a ni Charleston lawyer, and not co templated as m the original bill, and vlhich amend- T ment on the part of the Senat wasafter- b wards accepted by the iolu. Was to t, make the bill conform to its atCred sur- oi roundings-the attemptz to iret wi ch. a I think were afterwads iLn. upon a2 by a committee of conferte wt thei: approval of the Senate. h< Second. Also the reti.. b: the Senate of Representative B:,. - ,'o- ti iution providing for a travehiug comnit tee to investigate the practical ope.ions q of agricultural colleges in ot States, t the Senate had already pasi bill tine b provisions of which instructei tc board _ of agriculture to take into car.ful con- o sideration the plans, speciications, cost, &c., of the erection of an agricltural h college, ard did not see t 1,e pr tyo" passing this resolutie, p itg addition to what it had airev doc a e; committee to further inve.sti, wit M out any limit as to Wh i t tion was to cost. Ideed. SO Ua:, provisions of this r I--% were .cr'01n cerned, the committCe thirl. *Apon D could have travellea theL w cule.ear uul n1 the next session and have expenided many P thousands of dollar. Third. O1 the three co'iints tlep dissatisfaction of Captin Ti'l!haan and his allies has been manife.ed m Ieoste plainly, perhaps, towards the Postnon- P ment by the Senate of the "U to reor- t ganize the department of agrieulture, the passage of which, says Dr. Tidal, would si make the "farmers' m'vement" on- ofl the departments of the ita:e Govern- tA ment. Shortly after the introduction of this bill into the House, and some timebe fore it reached its second readx.g, .s a planter and chairman of the Sen ate com mittee on agriculture I appror' hed Dr. Tindal, the author of the bill, to ascer-; tain what was sought to be accomplishedn by it. When informed that the object was to increase the board of agriculture and to popularize it by bringing it closer C to the people, I proposed, if ne would modify the bill so as to increase the b board by the election at the then present session of the Legislature of an addi- t tional member from each of the tive n represented Congressional districts and the election of five more at the next session, when the terms of the present board would expire, and w.. courld act without any disrespect to the p~resent board, I would unite with hira to seurei" the passage of the bill; but I positively a declined. after what I considereud reeh less and fallacious charges of extua gance and incompetency repeatcaly pre ferred against the present board andt enomisioner of agriculture, to support any measure looking to their curt and ~ unceremnonious dismissal from onice. I further proposed to Dr. Tindal, if it was the real interest of the farmers he was seeking, to introduce~ a joint resolution instructing te State treasurer to refandt to the department of agricniture all . moneys arising from the license ta, which had been expuended for g'eneral State purposes, to be applied by the board of agriculture for the beneftit 0of the farmers, upon experimental stations. I soon became aware, however, that in stead of the advancement of the~ real in terest of the farmers through the~ regni?a channels of legisation, the first and im mediate object sought to be accompli ed by the prime factors of this ag'itaion was, as Dr. Tindal has since so luc~dly stated in his interview with a r'eporter (of the News and Courier, pabli2hed on 24th ult., to plane the board of agricul ture at the had of the "armenrs 'aoove ment," as ii is called, to an -, capacity of a bureau for tl-e org iitio I of the farmers, up~on a plau so ioron. and complete as to commenee, lik ts organization of the Denoeracy, wx. clubs. I"magine such an erg mzaien perfected. 'ihe dep1artment of airi ture converica. mi ueuosogsn tion with its headquarters at Columai maintained and supported by axe levied by the Genel *a ss.e ublyi'3& and supjpcrted by couny organit or kept intact, as Cai Timan pro poses, by a ,mall bgns inmh on: treasury, and iset. LI tur upn a orsanitZ~ion ofth fa - c iiN "The entire na~rc Pa-muu teachings of Captain lrilamn to? th effect that the present GovernmenL ' not only extri-vagar,. noce id in competent, clouding :Is shor: . -~ig in the dye of the cuttle-tisL, but etou and ind1itierent to the interes-t auvi w'-iar' of the farmers. Then, not in vam, might these self-sacrinecing apostles who disclaim any desire for oftlice, and p'ro; fe to eschew politics. propose to sprea ir nets and enter the "pon:tical mai ond, and" enter it deep at that." What owerfu lly of Mr. Tillman, who has en cognetintg in a jlcl-in-the-box-way t1 th- "poltical deblutant ," might dt b: t to t'e 'uted States Sen We io n. wish to be considered * 0 poit ai, :s amur:meeS haive been a Iu V '% n fr'"' Certai quarte:s r Tdnot have iian, oIle'C ha alvadr"told the. him. ' Nor woula d: "are an o ;e. iweanlse he im"rove So -~~~~~ 'IC~.CP1 i 4 ' . sen. ieoz tn. timbeie and Araig-:: diine lendo heir 1ie i t- anvs who have been re 'aa by "'trance, of "getting in on home sret."' Te. disciplte" of this ter chol exol he dv.antages of. nizaion aparently regaraless of. .fact tin.t thcre are now in existence orga s of the agricltural in rets of the State, the Agre.dturlu and echic 'd~ Asociationl anthe G" range. lien the orgnadization of the ALatter was process ns mierits were Slylv mag tied, but thc echo has nearly died ay, and the lesson has been taught at the material prosperity of the farm devien(s far more upon individual en rprise, energy and thrift than upon ganization. We are told that the object is to get us of old rutsi. The trouble is we are ready out of the old ruts and into the w ones of indolence, credit and ex vagonce. We should be relogated to e old rats where all classes relied on .eir own exertions and did nojt expect e Legislature to provida for them uen men were industrious and frugal, Ld paid their way as they went-when a had no homestead laws to debauch .e financial integrity of our people, and lien laws to beguile them into extrav :ance, thriftlessness and dependence. Le fact is, the Government, so far from ing mindful of the public weal, in msccnding its proper sphere to assist r people, ies, by a process of wet rsing, undermined their self-reliance id dwarfed their spirit of manbood and dependence. Taught to rely upon )estead ex.mtions and lien laws, -:ny of themitn i, their enervated condi >n now turn their eyes to Captain Till an presumably with the expectation of mails and manna. Well may he 2emark at he fecis deeply the heavy responsi lities resting upon him, as a great any have vague and unreasonable ideas something wonderful or great being complished by his convention. Under s leadership t bey have been taught to gard the moaladniinistration ol govern ent as the cause of tLeir woes, und iter through the mediua of experi ental stations, a change o: bwo)Irds of L :grienitural colge, or a reorganiza >a of the Government, or in stine other ysterions war, they are to be given rmanent relief and great future bene :s, while Mr. Tilman and his crew are eparing for a refreshing bath in the e:Nnt waters of the political mill 'nd. To me it appears but little less than minal to dissatisfy and enervate our ople by this continual gabble about eir poverty and the "hopelessness of eir condition. Instead of fostering a >iris of independence by exhorting then rely on their own exertions, to teach e to attribute the unsatisfactory re Its of indolence, extravagance and a ck of thrift to the disregard and imlbe litv of the Government. There never is beeu in this country but one method solving the problema how one was to ~t his tork and beans, and that is to ork for them- The Legislature does >t feed inerchants, h? w'ers or doctors, id neither by experimental stations, re ~ganizations of boards, nor agricultural >lleges will it any more feed the farm -s than Capt. Tillman and his crew can Et themselves over the fence by their :ot-straps. In conclusion, I think I voice the sen ment of the intelligent and respectable rmaers of the State when I say I have asympathy with MIr. Tillman in the )duct of his movement, r-or do his ~solutions, promulgated and adopted by le April Convention, refleet my views, ad his reckless and disrespectful charges ;ainst the State Government seem more he the ravings of a fanatic than the tterances of a man equipp~ed to lead any ass of our citizens. On behalf of the irmers of the State I feel warranted in ying that though we may be "fast sink i: to the level of serfs, hewers of wood ad drawers of water," we are not yet reared to claim brotherhood with the ibring clases of the North. Taking o stock in the -var of the masses upon :o classes, we cannot be rallied by the -ducers of our loast Demiocratic admin trations and thie disciples of "Henry eorge"to contend against the ablest and urest of our public servants and our wn Government. Rail road Earnings. Tm: NI:w Yongl1 EcutANIA Cnntoxin: ays that the January earnings of nearly verv Southern railroad are greater than eir losse:s, and that, in fact, the South' rn and Southwestern roads, taken as a hole. record the best results. The. 'tronicle gives a comparative statemaent hovu the January ernings of ten ading, Souathern and Southwestern comn h ernings of th R cnd ad lDan ilrOdy woe th t2:,:M in roa, repr, *it; in t184, in S ;',s in en'3 :am5 : ";in :0a ci8,72 intri 187. 135', v 'f the ye.siven, while thagre re ver.,0,w,00 geaer h ini 1886. ha - 1 a'lar e 0o do4 their work. Geran::em i the liver, bowel -I 'tomach' the I'r'e speciic. 1h' are habi 2ls like ne Ciflnnl'.' Be Tat Vrals a Fam i y FeIud. (Fromn -,1 . s o . A quict liIle wedding in.Tlrsonvil last night brenght to an a little love story mind a f Imil;leud 4) -.nr '-iS a!I' el 'i "ier e got into adsuewt ~n IJo L Lu L Wells, neigUor, over a am p:-ve r be-Cwee their frms. This r ultedt iu a long :,aA;( sit, nw lin:dl; .wtt'd in Bullit.'sfvor. The n1e'n wr not reonl, ihow-.%eer, and bee-1uw Of th wofMilies; spoe hrsiy of C". anchr, nd n4 0opportunity was as~set to .1v ani injury to thI other fataily. Mr. Bulit at tei tim- of his removI to K'entUekV iaid a dalar la , I": seven years. As till ps- she grev _nto a lovely voung giri, aa w n the ci vent 01 the Notre DamC, ne Cnilma"ti, to receive er ceducation. Retu.ing homne last Cistmas for th< holidbys mere lovely and perfect il feature anLd form than ever, she ie Albert Well, the soi of Hunter Wells,: young merchant of St. Louis, who w also at home on a holiday visit. Th? two first met at a dance at a farmer'! house near Calkary Station, but found il both convenient and plcasant to mei often after this. They loved one anothei and when they parted after th-e holiday: it was with the agreement to 1ricrrespnd. Six or eight letters were written, blu while Wells received those from Ms: Bullit, the Sister Superior at t:e conven disereetly kept those direeted to hei lovely chiarge. Fia? becoming desper ate. Wells made the journey to Cincin nati and visited the convent in coman. with Mr. W. Hunt, of that place, undel the guise of Celia Bullit's brother While the young couple could not act az freely as their hearts dictated, owing tt the presence of a teacher of the school, they succeeded in making an appoint ment at Hunt's Hotel, which was after wards kept. Here they agreed to marry, and as she would not consent to be mar ried other than in the presence of a rel. tive, they camne to this city and tele graphed Geerge Bualit, a brother, t' meet there here. He did so, and finally the old family enlity was talked dowL and the three went to .Jeffersonviie where Esquire Kelgwin married them They returned and are stopping at th, Arlington Hotel, where Mr. Huntei Wells and Mr. John Buliit are expecte this afternoon, they having telegraphe their satisfaction at the marriage anc the hope that nlever again would ill feel ings prevail between the two families. General StepAhen D. Leo. the popuhJlai and successfuil Presiident of t'h '1.is sippi Agricutual Cull ge, is noa aien4 figure head, but i ni prgrm n ag-riculturalI educator, one C wh oses ni opportuanity to promote4 th et n 4 r ests of the farmers of the South. iit cntly, in addressing the Mississipp State Grange, he said: "I esteem myself comflnlimented, it being invited annually to appear befor tne State Grangc and address it. Tbis seems appropriate, as the order ha, been, and is still, the largest orgaiza tion of farmers in Mississippi-it is alsc the largest national organization o: farmers in the United States. Tht. order in Mississipi, too, did more te have the A. and -1. College established, than any other inriuence. As early 185,ad yearly, afterwards, they memnoralized the Logislatore, and by resolution, insisted on the passage of law. organizing the College as a separat< and distinct institution from the Univer sty at Oxford, so that the spirit of the Federal law would be obtained. "omy friends, are you ready tc bbenefitted by the experience of oth ers? Are you ready to put more valut on your lands? Are you ready to talk care of your capital in basiness, whichi the fertilty of your soil? is there need of agricultural education? Your sail was once fertiue. You have carelessly and by pursuing a wrong systemn inm poverished it. You have worn it out: and now ready to deliver it to your cil dren poorer than you got it from yom fathers. This is not right. Your chil dren should receive their heritage un impaired, from' you. You must be edut cated in the new way of preserving th fertility of your soil. If it is too lat< for you, your children must be educated in the new methods. if they do no restore fertility to these lands, other cnand will. The question is, will y(1' prepare them, by education, to do this It is a plain proposition. If they (th not or cannot, they will lose those lands They will pas into the hands of stin gers. "The faciuities in Mississippi are a hand to restore these lands. They ar all favor'ble. We have plenty of gou land yet left on nearly every phltatio'n The plan is to stop cultivating poor lan It will break all who attempt it. One fourth or one-third of our land is stil g ood. Cultivate only good land; ma nure it, work it better, follow intensiv, farming on our good lands. 1Do awag with one-half or two-thirds of our labor Utilize the poor lands as grazing lands Natare will cover them at once wn!l g rass. It costs nothing for grass t grow. It costs no'thiag for stock to e: grass. Stock-rai.ing is the egily praen cable w;ay of u-mgts ns e their fertility re:,tored. .i wib bra. anybody whn> attempjts to cultiv ate tiaew Tiue fertliy that has been oet must 1 I e*tored before it will pay to erep t'el aga in. Absence of knowledge of the lact ti physical and mental weakness, indige ioll, iLmpmel Ilood, and sicc head-teli cane be averted by iJ.r. iarmter's lre I Ieie, ce::-s nmillons o oey 2: iia. fruncertaiu aind unreliable decueou'. The atad jur i C.w ha Cin(i. ( : and' bidaing thieunilves toether for 1 purpose of killingz Judge . . le.u C Z. T. Young nd his "on Allie W. Yaun: niou County Attorney of Roan 1; incteme to ire tahes e a e-e TAt ?1,o sm ,h. iilen cuaihei oni the iportance of (Fr.:. :i.e li -d.P a Tim- ) t is a )Iiraso familini enough t" the usin 'mnf and funderstood ,In a degree byi tie feminin element in Commu' 'ty ia (ne phiase at l-1sst of its m lid !- we that bargain-s Its S n. It is wbl every remiant an1d tag has ts lae_ nthe P .-neral aeouint and is f'orcd to do sIn duty as may be in The *---e-per who also Lts her ex ie-s wit tags :and reznaunts, will av no u.":omit that tesame process: h:s anv ap li-caion to her system. On coitrv, in spite of cooki g schools! an l wi v- 'increasinL 1100d of cookery book.~ j' s an-.~ .d magazines, she ing'~ to the earT convictions that I "xtoc." ioo-o t popu'al fehmons s and that soup foe upton stock is an extravagance to be rone down M3:1 geerally ds eiun ced. T -tock!" saida vouii house eprth l other day, in my ?2caring. TkV Why don't they say take a roe's .gor take a quart of nightingales' tonguI:? One is as easy as the other. Where a'"a I to get stock, I should like to r, w-hca there are only two of us and we onh want a little meat once a day An iff niae soup that is good for a,,v.hinr it talkes just as much meat as hZ a h Iea peopl. Stock is a snare and a d1-h aza nobody but a mil eio air fa . -- uh extravagance." - .rr of this order are con-I stantl la ard, in spite of the long con tin-'edi de-monustration of the fact, in books :and oat, that stock is the only Iolution of the 'left over" (ucstion so ar . bones and bits of very tough meat ar conc-'-ed, it seems well to state again that while clear soups demand much meat, very good ones can be made with very little, and quite as savory ones with noae at all. These last may bide their time, deserving really some space by themlives, the p'resent article giving s1mply the p even where very little meat is used. The young housekeeper just men toned ldil thrown iiu the bucket of renltl-, almost as she spoh;e, the skinny end of a portcr-huste steak, and e ,liCs of a chicken stewed the pie vious day, the remaining meat on which ahad been utilized in salad. lscue was not practicable, else demonstration would have been made then Vnid there that a quart of very good stock had ccrae to an uutimel. end at her hands. Given an earthen or granite saucepan closely covered, a steady heat and slow boiling, bare-y more tihaun a simmer, ?-'!d those :tj' eted po ibilities, put iu threc pints of cold water with1 a teaspooiiutll of salt, would have yielded II er atomli of ibLvor -and sire-th. The resuit. straindCt Sand ;.t an a to~ool. would :e given a oli- cae f a ve r are e imig' to t.e surXaceand i.vinjg a w:art of ek :r Yi oi alw. ri;. i take ou any :m.- desired. Ti:, alion( % OIbL hardly be \xory or .vryo"riing, but adding0 r'e., ton am, alttl- oilion, and so on, thu combination iJdthbitely varied, aL tureen o ,- tisfactory and well ilavorea soup would have been tie outcome. One of thei most savory and celicious simple soups I ever ate had as small a Lbegim'uag, and I give its full listory as anl illustrtion of what the caret:1 house ke-per,7 who puts away all remnants daiutily, can caily seclre. '1e :oup was known as the -save-ali" soup, and it began with a guart of stock wh-ose origin wxas in just materials as those rdected by the Iess. e.xperienced housekeeper. From th'e refige 'rato)r appeared the vegetable plate on which I saw a large spoonful of mashed potato, a little stewed turnip and a remnant of squash. There was also a saucer of tomoato and half -a baked apple, itha a slice of cold toast. "Not the apple!" I said as one thing followed "nother into the saucepan; "you can't mean to put in that apple?" "One of the most p~erfect curries I ever ate owed part of its perfction to two tart apples rminced line," :my fiencd said calmly. "Wait andl you wi:1 see. Now the thing wants character. We will mince -' small onion and fry it brown in some of the fat we took from the stock, an-1 here are threeC green stalks from yeterd~ay s celery." I wa :s quite silent, for this was long before. personal experience ha-d taught mie what might be. The onion was fried a bright brown, a saitspoonful of curry powdter was added and the "mess," as it seemed, simmered slowly for an hour. The-re was deepest distrust in ray mind as it came at last to table and I gazed at the pla'teful before me. LI is a series of incompatibiities," I *saidR, withi an inward groan, "but~ the ls of society prevent my throwing it out oi the window. Hfere goes then." "It is deliciousi" I added aloud, one mom-ent later, and- it wbas. - ive t hen th ifriendly "Salve all" h-as 1d(one d~uty atr 1 ast once a week. Try it, fatls housekeeper, but remember da.iniest car"e is essential with all rem nans, whPi mu-st n--ver be kept too long. ad that only such care renders auc methoas ,posible. Rm;kablet Corn. Am~ng-" the. epcilly interesting and 2. of1 farn1 , lwdui'.s at the l-ate Texais -tat:- Fir A~ a. )i'Cshe ('f coirn boru, of Weibrn , ., New Bsto::, gan I. 12teigth of -an ilten long.' Th:e Wei.bn ros. gathereLd t-his(er dry; yar eigh:t Iiund're d bus his from ten- i ace. n averge of ihty bus~hels to the acre, and thi withi onlyi eight fur-I -w to thi rbw. Th2is cou, whichi heI heI -atamair . tI k ea.i -r ta so u.:ea~swer the a pea-nts 1r a y,. 271:2 a :. ex i!tr wa~., for-ced to( v j inr.w tima x ,bt. It was -wre bot. t ie a'ea 0litnd premiu~n~t~ wol~rthi of nusr i tc.-',bl1 Fatrm and Tanrch 3IY5TI E R I~ USIot1 * IN r*IP's An 1nterestin;; Thtery aus to thec Ori;,in 0 the to 3thnhi e0 Rude in speech, 1igur adI h.i barel lettered, though rarely citirely unlette re; cuniig, bold, aeterminlu and reckless of life, he is al:art r tt mlienl of any of the pfNPl le wh*o d'l W] the plains on (ith( sIde oi ('1 m1odUmtta., range, and has a Code of Maners, s toms and morals that is unknown to tht outer world. The origin of t e mous taineers that Inhabit the ranges from: Virginia to Arkansas is a subject that might tempt the Curiosity of a seR1n historian. The vestiges of the earli population, and of soae of the singulai episodic inroads that accomp anied the steadv fLow of English colonization, arc still 1laljy r e '. srm he semi dueal plr-ntalons of the King's favorite. in Virgiia and the Carolinas many o; t 'i or crin.ual wretchet WoO were tre iortea from te mu oflite country to be' laes ini the tield of heartless, and- mostly absentee, mas ters, escaped intu the reinge of the mountains, ant, a'iiniated by a despair ing hope of freedom, sought the mi(' inaccessible hiding places. To th escaped conviet, tremloing under the re membrance of o master's lash, and will ing to dare any native dangcr to escape the slavery he htad tled, tle approach o another refugee wa s full of terror at of comfort. IThe runaway felon coukl trust nobod!y; or, perhaps, he had a brand upon his forehead to hide from curious eves. and wherever he made hi5 home it was hert remote from neighbor ship and made as uninviting as possible to adventurous or suspicious eves. There is little doubt that among the first set tlers of the mountains were thcse Britis convicts sold into slavery to the Ameri can plantations, and condemned to a life of laborious servitude, which they only escaped by such hardships as could tempt no free man. The free pioneer and the woodsman pushed on across the mountains or through the passes and cleared for himself an empire and garden in fertile Kentucky and Middle Tennes see, or sought the softer air and cotton lands of the Southern States. The escaped convict was afraid to venture in ither direction, lest he should rush into the hands of a former master or over seer, who would identify and re-enslave him. So, with that last instinct for per sonal freedom that has always possessed the Caucasian race in every land, he clung to the mountains of his refuge, secure in his solitude and getting his peace in the impregnability of his re treat. It was perhaps an iiherited in stinct, therefore, that made the moun taineers hate negro slavery as bitterly as the most determined Abolitionists of the North, and which led them by force of fate to join the Union armies when the civil war caine vn. The mountain re gions not onilv irnished the Northern rmiA thousands of -soldi-rs, but also mnianained warm sym'athv for thLe :use in the rear and ront of' th- Uion lines, and it is not singular, perhaps, that they have continued ii sympathy with the Republican 'party as in.tintlive ly as the emancipated negro. The Direct Tax Bill. The Senate has passed, and the House has referred to a commitee, a bill .- ith regard to the direct tax levied during the war. On the 5th of August, 301, as a war measure, a tax of S:U,00,0 was le-ied on all the States, North and South alike. It was proposed that if any SUte should pay its share, 1-) per cent. discount would be allowed. Several of themt took ad vantage of the provision. As the law~ stands, whenever any money is due to ai State which has not paid this tax, it is placed to tihe credit of the State. The First Comptroller is bound to do this, but the law has given rise to controv;er sies. To prevent this, the bill is before Congress. The following statement of the direct tax accounts is oilicial, but only rela'tes to Virginia, North Carolina an.d We st Virginia, and the sum totals: "t amount miposed on Virginia was 8820,021.O~01o which t6515,5tYJ.72 was coliect, leavius a balance due of 8213,501.:30.3 -ya Ac passed .February %5, 1867, the beerery of the Trcasuryv was authorized to tras fer 208,470).G5 of the amount originally imposed on Virginia to West Virginia, on which there has been collected $1S1, :30.93. Upon North Carolina the assess ment was $5376,1ti8.67, of which t8386, 194.45 was collected, leaving a balanece due of $100O,000.22. The aggregate oi the report to all the States is over 64 000,000. The States that have paid and are credited with 13 per cent, discount are paid just what they paid in taxes. The States that are still due the government are released from payment. "I beg to forward you an easy, clean and certain method of eradicating those loathsome insects from dwelling Loutses. A few years ago my houae was infestet with cockroaehes, or 'clocks,' as they are called here, and I was recommended te. try cucumber peeling as a remedy. I accordingly immediately before bedtime. strewed the iloor of those parts of the house most infested with the vermin with the green peel, e;:t nol very tin from the encumber, acnd sat utp half at hour later titan usual to wat-ih the cifeet. ''tefure the exp'irationt of rhat tiuit the iloor w'fere te p)e' l h ;y was cote petely cioveredi w it coekroches, mcit so that te egetable could ntot K Seen, so \ oractiousl were' they entga;.;n in sucking the lpoiOoous moistu~e from i. 1 adtooted the saete plan th - foltloW ig night,~but myv visitors were not r'eaj so nmerous--I shouldt thik tnot mlore tian a fourth of the previous night. '-On the third night I did not ds cover one; but, antxiols to a.sceri whether the house was quite cleao themt, 1 examined the p:l ater ' ha hIdd it douwn tJbOmI lf~ at hmtra .-i.r ive h..t itwa coveredL wn uelzeo a dlea. I thinr alle) e' thei peel to reml~i unti! mortning, au rnt thbat mitomenlt I sinte n ot e'n It cockroach in thie houlse. It is a very old Ktildig, and I (-an assure :.oi that te a' o' r emedyv only requirt to bepr sevredl in three or four igts to em peteiy eradicate the pet. Ut c arse, t should be fresh cucumber p eel every wirht" A COTI0N ('11rPEI. 'he Wonrful ricultural Invention of I a Cinden 31echanic. ('r rer~eneof'e -News and G->u-'icr.) CAMa:N. February 1.-Mr. J. B. Ammnas has ma e a cotton chopper, which plris to be a success, a.nd now,t .it the. "immons's Chopper" and ( fai'' Ipicker and gin, the farmers can expect to na:.e more out of their cotton rop. r. Ammns, a whee1wright and c Carl etery trade, was raised in MIarion, i buL ti: the lasf two years has lived in c ,"'" en. Ie has 'oeen studying up his machint- for eleven years, and three t years tgo made a model, which he has r vorked' successfully in the field every -season since. He reached what he e thought - perfection last: winter. His a machine is built very much like a sulky ploigh, vth adjustable hoes that will iea've any sLand o cotton that mnay be N desired, and with one man anl horse e can chop from twenty-five to thirty acres i a lay, There is a little scoop plough I' attached in such a way as to act as a t guide to the horse always on the next row, the horse being made to walk in t this shal.ow furrow going across the cot- I tun beds. In trying the chopper the usual way is to leave one and two stalks I of cotton to the hill. The only objec- c tion that has be u raised is that it leaves t a tuft of grass around the cotton, and t this objection has been done away with a by what Mr. Ammons calls two dirters, t which piles the dirt against the cotton C bhind thle chopping hoes, and thus also C kLieps the wind from damaging the stand. Mr. Ammons has sold several county s rights and over two hundred and fifty 1 machines at $30 each, all in three f months. The machine has been thor- I oughly tested in Richiand, Kershaw, Chesterfield, Marlboro and Marion 1 counties, and it received the first diploma t at the last State Fair. The machine weighs about 150 pounds, and tracks v with standard wagon track. A patent r was applied for on November 30, 1886, serial nuniber 210,7-35. A few machines t are being made, but no attempt will be c made to il; the demand for them until e in time for the season of 1888. By that I time the plans for manufacture on a large seale will be conipited and a large t number of machines made. Fh.ttering offers have been received for buying the I right for thc States of Louisiana and Texas. - p1j'j5 WORK. (coireg:n'e-e c of atN. C. P:cbyt.-rian.) It has been said that every true mother u sees her own boy in the face of every other boy, that the mother-heart yearns for the welfare of all. From this prini I ple it is easy to comprehend why this State organlization feels an interest in all' the boys of the State, ,pnd desir.:s that t'hi-at they arrive at a true ;nd noble man hood. Dear sister, did 'our mother heart ever take in the thought that the majority of- prisoners are under twenty two ybars of age, that one-bi d a un - der sixteen, mere boys- -ho need a ruother's _cender care?.; iPostibly VIe mother i" only one in a name, or she may sleep under the clods of i e valley. Boys, mere children, not more than eight Years of age, have been :eiitenced to the penitentiary in our own State this vear. What a future is before such :'Shu in with older criminals, instead of beLig imnproved :y the punishment they ar: turncd out months afterwardstrained criiiiiials who delight in vicious habits, 'a. -ad a.tlini to go behind prison bars I itin!lh :d somedrefaldeeddetaands thLe Alfe to j;y the penalty. t It m;akes one's heart bleed to tink of the cIhildren who are trained as crininals by long w.iting in jail with older experts who are anxious for a pupil to whom to impart their vile abundance. Some steps ought to be taken to remedy this prepa ration of criminal lives. The State has a right to protect itself. It would be economy' to fill these idle moments in jalwith labor. Nothing so tortures a_ cil a2~4-s to have nothing to do. Hard lbor is far more desirable. And chil drent in penitentiaries should not miss all the years for mental discipline. They' have been idle, profligate, but ow. in the hands of the State they shoul be turned out iu~proved. It is not oiur duty as an assembly of Christian women to p~resent to the Legislature the propriety of making provisions for a state Rleform School under the care of a Christian superintendent and matron, and gofly teachers, where those con vited of rime under seventeen years of age, shall be placed to be reformed, educated and established in the right way! It should be a manual-labor school, located upon a farm with such app~llinces as are necessary to teacht trades. Vagrancy itself should be at s'lic ient offence to send a boy to this< homen. We need more of the Jewish ide'a of industry forming a part (f thec bsis of morality in training children,11 wihis e"'pressed in their proverb, "He hat teacheth not his boy a trade does a 'the sane as if he taught him to steal."t Uften these young criminals are thet c hldren" of drankards who have imher ited evil tendencies. Often the crimne is te dirctL result of drink itself. A e.v veairs of this refornmatory life, 1 while thle character is being formedwill turn out to the State many a steady,i educated citizen, who, if his boyhood< Id b'een spent in a State penitentiary, would have" bleeni, by repeated odhnce, ai at greater expenISe to the country, be-c sie the sorrow he may have caused. . Ti-i p1l-u of tre"an criminal boys ist Oh poliic and hum'"an, not t- say i'iutian 31al'y boy just as guilty, I no' mor-' so, thlan th~ose in the ipe'iten-i. ti 'ry continues at home and bec-omes so i '-''o-e awl stalised by the home inuncsa to i)ee" e a popuLar and y u*e~u? n. fiomie, on'e of thre' ight- e e,'t -::tsinevery oy's i""ersky, is the great noral factor. in detertmiumg his aet lie. We agree that the hone m * 'u'ee'.cain t with econlomy to the. .tte be d.ipensedl ith, even for enmi di clreu and tha t it should be sup da the Reorm lonle. FITZ LEE'S LITTLE JOKE. low He Captured a Yankee Officer's Valise. (St. Louis Globe-Democrat.) In 1861 Fitzhugb Lee, now Governor >f Virginia, was commanding the Con ederate outpost in Fairfax county as Aolonel of cavalry. Colonel Tannant, vho was an intimate friend and class nate of Lee's at West Point, was in omnmand of the Union cavalry outpost tear Alexandria. One day Tannant re eived orders to advance and feel the .onfederate position in front. A bat alion of men, made up from the depart aents and the city of Washington, called he President's Body Guard, was assign d him to make the advance. He said to friend before leaving: "I want soldiers with me on this ex >edition. I know Fitz Lee, I have slept rita, him, and whenever we come togeth r somebody will have to do some good ighting or fast running. I know Fitz vill fight. If I had soldiers and not hese dress-parade fellows, I would be elighted to give my friend a brush, just o let him see how nicely we can whip tim back into the Union." In the meantime his wife had packed is valise with clean linen and a bottle If old Hennessey brandy. When every hing was ready Colonel Tannant took tp the line of march along the Fairfax .nd Alexandria turnpike, in the direc ion of Fairfax Court House. After the ommand had advanced a few miles and ome to a halt to rest, the Colonel ad ressed his men in the following words: "Attention! battalion: I am now peaking to you as soldiers who have en isted to defend your country, and as ellow citizens. I want every man to do is duty in the time of battle as a soldier hould. If there are any of you who are ot willing to do this, step three paces o the front." Not a man moved. They stood lise a rall of granite. This gave the Colonel uch encouragement. "Now, my soldiers," said he, "with his determination on your part, we will ontinue our advance and drive the nemy back, or capture the entire orce." Within a few miles of the court-house hey encountered the Confederate pick ts, and succeeded in driving them back. 'his gave the command new courage. )n they pushed. But, alas! Soon urner Ashby, with his Black Horse avalry, came charging on their flank, hile Fitz Lee pressed them in front. he engagement began to get interesting, hen suddenly Pelham's Horse Artillery .1imbered on the left flank, and began D pour a galling fire into Tannant's anks. He rode to the front, leading Le charge against Fitz Lee on the other ide. The men seeing the situation be ame demoralized and retreated in con usion, falling back to Alexandria. The inion forces lost a few killed and some risoners. Colonel Tannant's headquar ers ambulance was captured, with his ations and baggage. A few days after the fight a dilapidated am drove up to his headquarters with ie letters "C. S. A." branded on the keleton mules, ard in dim white letters n the side of the topless ambulance also ppeared "C. E. A.," and the drivers, astead of wearing the blue had on a suit f gray. The driver entered Colonel .'annant's tent with a military salute, earing in his hand the Colonel's valise. "Where did you come from?" de aanded the Colonel. "I came from Colonel Fitz Lee's head uarters," was the reply. "He swapped eams and clothes with me and told me could come back and bring your valise, nd here it is, Colonel." "All right, my man," said the Colonel. Go to your quarters and change your norm, and report for duty." Colonel Tannant took the valise over o his wife's room and opened it. The ontents of the valise were a note which an in the following words: "Outpost Confederate Army, Virginia. -My Dear Tant: I have opened your alise, appropriated your biled shirts for ,change, and also your bottle of old fennessey for a bad cold. I traded mbulances and teams also. When you ome out again bring more commissary nd quartermaster stores. Frrz." Colonel Tannant kept the note until hie close of the war, telling no one about abut his faithful and loving wife. Tannant has been living in Tennessee ince the war. Recently he and Lee et and a bottle of old Rennessey was tiscussed. .Japan Clover Culture. I would like to know something about he clover which is springing up along he road sides and old fields here 'Lispedeza Streata," or "Japan clover," s it occurs to me that it deserves some onsideration and attention. A large >er cent. of our lands by constant culti ation in cotton and corn, have grown o thin and poor that the crop raised on hem is no longer profitable. Fencing 0 much run down, and requires too nuch machinery and tools for wheat, so ,bout the only thing left, is to try and top the gullies and washes, make past res, and about the only thing 1 see Lourishing is this "Japan clover." I ave seen no land yet too poor, too dry ir too wet for it to grow on. Cattle are ery fond of it, and get quite fat from eeding on it. It is reported that this lover seeds on top; if that be the case, am not surprised it weeds out every hng, for an iuvestigation shows me that has seed on the root, forming about n-half inch below the surface of the :round. Therefore, when the dry eather kills the stalk, one dozen new prouts put up after the first rain. I ish, however, to know something more its history, and when and how to sow, ud hence this communication. J. B. ,a .Huntsville, Alabama. Chapter of Accidents. While Alex. Love-son of Mr. RZ. A. ove-n aLh yoxung Mr. Gibson were out mutiu-.r veteray. ~Aexs gun was acci .* hinardi, pour:igthe entire load I *otie ;)e'bch part of Mr. Gibson's ad. auIng a very .erius wound. Jsse clifton, sou of Rev. .J. A. Clifton, SpairtanbiIurg. during a stay of a few urs here yesterdiay, tell fromn a pole on ich he was practicing gymnastics and ad irm dislocated at the elbow. eeray ~a a colored boy on Mr. Mei>. Hood's place fell across a stick of wed which a larger Day was chopping, . had one of his hands cu ->1f.-(Ikeseer