The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, June 23, 1886, Image 1
11 S'1 .... -
VOL. I. MANNING, (LA RENDON COUNTY S. C. WEDNEDAY, JULY 2l, 186 NO.32.
sOM' E E.%SONu % G
HIGH;
What Work the Go
the Mon~k of J
Summer cro -
cultivation. Drong "
fought as bt. we may. grass
are to be kept down, and the iPmnat.
in the soil of availAble plaut fCd to I
promoted to the fullest extent. One
the greatest antidotes against aught is
an abundance of humus in the 3il. A
farmer cannot stop now to s-!ply this
in a field where there is a growing crop:
it must be looked after in his general
plans, embracing proper rutatonN, ant
resting of land, or during % intL r, when
leaves, pine and other straw may be
hauled out and scattered upon it. 13a
good growth of pearines suplies a 1irst
quality humus for old land and peas may
be planted for such purpose during this
and next month. I seed are plenty,
they may be broadcast at the rate '-f one
and a half bushels per aere; if seed are
scarce, plant in drills two and half to
three feet apart, either sowinig peas thin
ly in furrow or dropping ive or six in
hills fifteen inches apart. Cultivation
induce so much more vigorous
growth that the drilled peas wili make
about as much vines as the broadcast.
Where vines is the object alnost any
variety will answer, the old-fashioned
cow or clay pea being one of the best.
For this work, in mi l-summn r, one has
to catch the seasons; start plough iafte
a rrin as soon as practicable, and drop
peas in every third or foarth furrow
when one intends to drill breaking land
and planting seed will thus go on to
gether. Our experienee is that peas
must not be planted deep to come up
well; and narrow scooters are the best
ordinary plows for this work. Probably
a deep cutting harrow, like the dise, with
a seeding attachment, might be nac to
do this work very rapidly on grcl'' notI
too hard. Let us always keep 4 eye
out for means of accomplishing work
rapidly; economy demands it, and th!e
rapid drying of the soil in smer makes
it a very great necessity. Time under
such circumstances is rmost valuable: an1
opportu ity lost may never be rece'.red.
But let us go back to the cultivation
of crops. Much of the corn receives its
last working this nonth. Let this be
thorough, in the sense of stirring every
inch of the surface, but let it be only the
surface. Deep plowing of corn after
jointing fairly begins, is undouedl
injurious. Sometime! a merciful rain
fall in part wards oft the damage, but unlyi
in part; it cannot vholly counteract the
bhurt; the heel-scape is the best single
low for laying by corn; properly set it.
es the surface approximatAy level.
A wheel cultivator may be gauged to run
shallow enough, and will then answer
very well. If the crop has been judici
ousy cultivated up to this time, no hoe
work will be retuired; if nceded, how
ever, give it. Let the land be left per
fectly clean unless it is decided to sow
peas in the corn---an old and excellent
practice. Peas will interfere less with'
the corn than grass or weeds, and the:
latter are sure to come sooner or later.
But if the corn is laid by perfectly clean
it will be pretty thoroughly matured be
fore grass and weeds c-an get much foot
hold. Last year we sowed soja beans,:
or Japan peas, as they used to be called.
in bottom corn on the 16th of July, and
they matured before frost and ma'ae an
excellent crop. As it does not run, it1
does not interfere with fodder pulling.
Cotton needs rapid surface cultivation
also, especially during the first half of
the month. A steady and rapid growth
is now desirable to lay the foundation
for fruiting next month. Get good weed
by the first of August and then let the
pattake on fruit; frequent cultivation
promotes rapid growth; keep the p~loug'hs
therefore constantly moving, let no crust
form, let no grass get a foot-hold, let
heel-scrape run very shallow and tiat;:
keep them sharp so as to cut off May-r
pops, briers, etc. Get only those scrapesi
that are bent in the middle, so as to formnn
a cuff to fit on the plow-foot, and allow
the wings to run flat. A narrow bar of
steel simply bent in a curve, with a hole
in the midlle to receive the heel bol1
is wholly unfit for the work now~ int
hand; it throws too much dirt, andIa
leaves beds too high for hilly land. It
m;- suit very well for the level, sandy
la toward the coast. Put the scrape
~.ak of the plow f. ot, noti
ias long as the cotton will
tbear it without haviz g its limbs or boils g
broken off; run i~we furrows to each row.0
A twenty-inch serape will clean out a1
middle "thoroughly with two furrows.
Later in the season a wider one nmay be
run once in each middle. If hoe "work1
has been properly done up to this time
little more of it will be needed, but a
badly wqrked crop at the start will call
- for agreat deal of work at the end.
On former occasions we have pointed1
out the beneficial results from frequcent
surface stirrings of the soil; we briefiy
recall them again. A thiu layer of pul
verized soil is one of the very bet
mulches to be had. It is the only onef
practicable on a large scale. It prevet I
the escape of moisture, dries off mpi dly t
itself after being stirred, but effectual b
cuts off the ascent of moisture from be- k
neath through itself into the air. D~eee ti
stirring of the soil makes it dry ofC t
rapidly. Hence the practice of plowingt
bottoms lands in the spring to get theiu l
enough to plant. MIoisture from be
ot ascend rapidly through pul ti
whilst the free circulation
h causes the water inp
eatmosphere very .o]
of puilverized a
roots, ofi&
el1l as I oj
t i
'lants, but a high temperature evapt
tcs t'he moisture in it rapidly. Any E
) of temperature above that wli,
lieed is doublv injurious to the
impairin- their vitalitv. ai
y depriving thein of need,
ne need never feir keepij
1 in Julv and there
er ;.Is ever being t<
1 result from stirrii
th ace, which will be imention
n.1" he admission of air into the soi
Th preScnee of air is indispensable 1
th alth of roots and their prop
worlkin. Pla!nts languish in wet soi
Swater shuts olf air from the
r tight. hard crust at the surfat
dots the s'Une thing to a considerab:
egree. In addition to promoting t1i
-.d proper working of roots, tli
. , o 00 ;,- in the soil is essential t
nitrification,t '''s bv whi h
unavailable nitrogen soil is enan,
ed into that which is availab. %fAlso t
those changes in the minerals in the-s
by which their valuable contents ar(
brought within the reach of plants.
From very many points of view. there
fore, irequent surface stirrings of tht
soil are shown to be beneficial, to smN
nothing of the killing of grass and weeds
We repeat, therefore, keep the plow
moving with *dl diligence.
In addition to peas, already consider
ea as a humus supplying crop, late
forage crops of all kinds should now
claim attention. Drilled corn mar still
Oe sown. Taking it all in all, this is
perhaps the best forage crop we have.
The later sowings of it should not be
altogether as thick as the earlier, as the
cool weather of autumn is not so favora
ble for maturing and developing starch
and sugar as the warm weather of mid
summer; the late grown plants should
have more light and air. Make drills at
least three feet apart and sow seed so
that there shall be a stalk every four to
six inches in the row. Cultivate well and
eut when ears begin to form. Corn does
not develop its ful nutritive vaiue before
that period. From a desire to minifv
the sialk, the mistake is made sometimes
f sowing too thickly, and the result is
imperfect development and forage not
relished by stock because it is not really
autritious. All have doubtless noticedl
ihat stock are not fond of young corn
plants, -those, for instance, that arc re
lnovcd ila thinning a crop. Sorghum
loes not develope its sweetness until the
;ceds are formed, and the same is true
vith corn.
Early amber cane planted from the 1st
o the 15th of this month will be ready
o cut by frost, and piled in bulk can Ie
iept green and succulent for a couple of
nonths. It makcs better forage in its
,reen state than when cured and drv.
or mules and cows it may be made to
,over the months of Octoler, November
ud December, and as it is easily raised,
supply for that purpose should be
ound on every farm. We have fed it to
iorses also, but they do not relish it as
nuch as mules, nor does it agree with
hem as well if fed exclu.,ivelv. A little
>f it mixed with other forage is well
-lished and doubtless healthy food. Of
number of varieties tried by us the
>ast season. the amber is decidedly the
>est as a foage plant. it is one of the
weetest. and the stalks being small are
asily cut up and more readily masticated
>v animals. Give it a trial, if you have
tot done so.
German millet may still be sown on
rood land. Like all rapidly maturing
rops, it makes heavy demands on the I
oil, and this should be met by heavv i
.anuring. But it sometimes helps one
a till out a short supply of forage when
long drought or other circumstance al
>ws only a short time to do it in. A!
armer caught with enipty barns on the
i-st of August might still fill them with
terman millet. Cut just as the seeds
re forming, it makes one of the strong
st and most nutritious forages we have.
ecause it is so good, animals are some
mes over-fed with it to their injury and
bad rep~utation is then unjustly given
ie millet. Clover and .peavines ar-e
able to the same charge.
It is none too early to commence pre
aring land for turnips. There is no
etter preparation than cow-penning and
lowing the land at intervals of two or
iree weeks. In the absence of cattle,
r-oadcast manure and plow it ini when
reaking the land. Lot manure, well
>tted, is suitable, and for turnips is
mech improved by a liberal addition of
-id phosphate. "Any form of phosphate
good for turnips. But votash and!
itrogen are also needed by~ this gross
~eding plant, and may be supplied by
ainet and cotton seed meal. Verv fine
Ith is almost as important for this~ crop I
manure; therefore repeated plowings
Lid harrowings are recommended. Se
et rather sandy soil for this crop. Be-,
in sowings of rutabagas after the mid- N
le of the month, and continue at inter-]
11s, whenever the soil is moist and in I
:>od condition, to the middle of August
first of September-the latest sowingsp
early maturing v-arieties like red top!D
2d fiat Dutch. If land is well brokenb
:first and harrowed after every rain, |
will remain moist enough to bring upli
ed even in long spells of dry weather.
hose who begin early and pursue right v
.ethods generally succeed in getting I
>Od stands when the weather is very,]
sfavorable. Those who wait to th~e<
st minute, and begin preparation when I:
te time for phlating arrives, are very;.
>t to fauil unless the weather is unusual- K
favorable.
The above remarks apply with equal
re-e to preparations for clover and grass
be sown in September. They should
~gin by the last of the month and fol
w the same course marked out for:
rnips. Liberal manuring and fine
th are the twvo main points. All of
Lese plants have small seeds, and the
:the delicate seedlings demand food
~sily found, and a line seed-bed to fix
iemselves in.
Sweet po'tato slips or vines may be
it out all througlh this month. ~The
d-fashioned yellow yam might not do
uch set out after the 10th, but the
ore recently introduced varieties of the
.Domingo typ~e will make a fair crop
tubers, and of decidedly better cluab- 1
than those started early in the spring.
or the later plantings pieces of vine are
7eferable to "drawers" or "slips." It I
ec'd pr-actice to start a patch of pota
~- N the season, from which
re the pot.4g later and main
Sty and( 2a -'1l locali
>r- sloping in the ground, ihte upi,
bud onfly above the surfa, will grco
quite as readitly Ps a rootd slip. L
n, every onel putin a full cr:4 of potatoe.
uI w xork- will ut(-t be so. ires,-ing niow ail
d the grain fils Will f i suitable an
1g abundant land for i 1urpose.
is soon as the tubers ar i fair size, begi
>o at once to feed to sto-k of all kind
horses, cows, hogs, etc. Thjeo mistake j
generally made of waiting till frost u
digging time to begin feeding them an
1. then many are lost before they are cor
o umed. Our true policy Is to ice-d th
?r strock on the farm. with :any differen
is things, each in its seasn. The old stvli
ir of feeding on Corn an fAdder all th,
t", year is not suited to on: prescnt en viron
e ! mntt--it is too expen~t'. Neither is i
e i healthiest or best for .:::aiUs. We fet
e our stock for some time n green rye
thenI followed with red cliver, and wil
e bein soon on forage corn. A part ratioi
of dry forage is ahvys given with these
o and the stock keep in a remarkabh
1 i healthy, thriv.inq condition. A sick ani.
1 never have.
Now that. the sre'ss of work is
over, barbecues and socii - rmg,
are in order. More than others, farm "
- need the healthy, invigorating influences
of such occasions. No one is so wise
that lie may not learn from others. Meet
and discus matters pert. ing to your
calling. Visit each othe-r' farms, and
with friendly criticisms cau attention to
mistakes made and suggest improve
ments. Attend every club meeting; he
must be a dull man that cannot learn
something there. The farmers in several
States have been aroused recently touch
ing their relations to the State and to
other callings. They are unwilling to
be ignored or imposed on longer. We
hail it as a good omen-as an evidence
of awakened thought. Let farmers feel
and realize that their vocation is just as
honorable, just as ennobling and elevat
ing as any other; that it calls for just as
much brains, just as much learning and
knowledge. if not more than any othtr,
and let them resolve that they will no
longer bear the heavier )ortion of the
public burthens whilst the emoluments
and honors are monopolized by others.
FOR HISI E SAKE.
Reu!en Porter Lee Pardoned by Prexident
('Ieieland.
The President has pardoned R1. Porter
Lee, now confined in the Buffalo peni
tentiary for embezzlement. The follow
ing- is the President's memorandum in
regard to this ease:
This convict was sentenced in Novem-I
ber, 1882. at a term of the Circuit Court
of the United States held at Syracuse, in
the Northern District of New York, to
be confined in the penitentiary at the'
city of Buffalo for the term of ten years, i
upon a conviction for emibezzling the I
funds of the First National Bank at i
Buffalo while lie was President thereof.
While this is a statutory offense, and
somewhat technical in its character, the
public are so much interested in the
security of our banking institutions, and
such strict faith and care should be de
manded of those having them in charge,
that I am much disinclined to extend
clemency to those properly found guilty
of offenses like that on which this pris
oner was convicted. I am entirely
familiar with this case, and knew tle
prisoner a long time before his convic
tion. His sentence was generally re
garded at the time as a very severe one,
being the full extent of the law. With
the commutation allowed in the State of
New York for good conduct in prison,
he has served a sentence of five years;
and it is entirely certain in my mind that
whatever good is ever to be wrought
upon him individually has already been
accomp~lished.
At the time of his conviction his wife
-a noble, courageous, and devoted wo
man-and five small chilren were the
sad sufferers for his crime, and exacted 1
the sympathy of the entire commlunity.(
By her patient, hard labor to supportt
her children, and never failing trust and
hope in the darkest days, this wife has
demonstrated ".S she at least is entitled
to clemency. I am glad to be able to
restore to her her husband, and to be
satisfied at the same time that the ends'
of justice are fully answered.i
GROVER CLEVELAND.
The Orii of Jup, a
C
The origin of jugs dates back to an
tiquity. Yet we have all discovered thatr
the jug, whose appearance is the mostu
rutiqjuated, does not alwvays belong to e
that rather enigmatic periodl. The his- t
tory of "The Little Brown Jug" is quite a
is ancient as most p~eop~le care to go back a
to investigate. Lately there has been a a
reat breeze raised over a jug called
"The Peachblow Vase." In artistic cir
lecs, its sale for eig een thousand dol
.ars will mark an eE Tet to most peo
ple in this world there are many things I~
detter, "by a jugful." The jug is a most u
uingular utensil. A p~ail, goblet or a jar t
nay be rinsed, and you can satisfy your- a
self by optical proof that the thing is 5
~lean; but a jug has a little hole in the 0
:op and the interior is all darkness. No s
~ye penetrates it, no eye can move over V
.ts surface. You can clean it only by Ii
)utting water into it, shaking it up" andIl
ouring it out. If the water comes out, p
leani, you judge you have succeeded in tt
)urifving the jug. In this the jug is tF
'ike thie human heart; no mortal eve can t
ook into the recesses, and you can only '
udge of its purity by what comes out jc:
>f it. e
. , b
ti
A fox who was passing through the tI
'orest one day heard a great dispute a:
smong the hares, and lie turned aside to S
ind several of them engaged in hard s]
mocks aroundl a b~urrow. N
"What's all this row about?" demand- w
d Rleynard, as lie fell among them. i
'"Why, sir,"~ replied one of the hares, r
mr father is dead, and w ecan't agree as te
o who shall possess5 his barrow." a]
''Bumt it's large enough for all of you." s
"So it is; but that settles a question
>f fact instead of principle."
"Well, 1'll take fact and you can keep
lie principle," said the fox," as he took kg
>ossession1 of the burrow. ha
MonA.-When the heirs fight over. tl:
he old homestead, the lawyer comes to ,it
>wn the farm. ~ . A
Precsiiiant--1l>:m. has:, thi5 pwedl the Sen a
:Lammont-.No, your excllener, that is it
t i~mher's bill, andl if von will Iake the '
WITHIN TllE LINES.
TIE EXPFEic.x('iE OF A HOUVElIOL1
OF SOV'IERN LAME'4.
U
s Whint rtey Underwent Dutring Dattle--A Strik.
n ina Story of ihe Confederate War.
(From the Philadelphia Timeu.)
It Was in Juily, 18G3, a time of SC
1 much interest to all Virginians, wher
the tide of iattle ebbed ana floweL
like an angry flood over our love
1v valley leaving desolation and sor
row in its path. Our home, known as
Fountain Rock, was about one mile from
the Potomac River, directly on the turn
pike between Shepherdstown and Kear
neYville. a point on the Baltimore and
Ohio R'ailroad.
July 16 was an unusually quiet day.
No Federal soldiers were to be seen rid
ing over the country. Consequently our
fears were aroused knowing, as we did,
from eixperience that a calm always came
b~efor-e a The next morning we
found that our f - ere not ground
less, for a large force un -- crl
Gregg had crossed the Potomac an(
some were encamped on the turnpike
and some on the road leading to MIar
tinsburg.
UNwELCOMING VISITORS.
Stragglers, mostly from Col. Gregg's
regiment, began to swarm all over the
place. Numerous and outrageous were
the depredations the- committed. Hear
ng a thumping at the back of the house
we went in and found two men in the
lantry. "What are you doing here?"
said my mother, with dignity. One of|
them ipudently answered: "Oh we I
just came to see what sort of style you
lived in," and added, mockingly: "I'll
take that ham, if you please." Turning
around, she found he had already done
so. lie then reached over and saial: "I'll
take these preserves, too." "No," she
said, "I don't think you will." "I'd
like to know who in the h-- will prevent
me," lie answered. "I will," she said,
very quietly, and, leaning forward, she
put out her hand and gave a little push,
which sent it to the floor with a crash.
He loked startled for a moment, but
quickly recovered and sneered: "Oh,
that's your style, is. it ?" "Yes, and vou
walk out of this house. It is a pity you
had no mother to teach -on not to break
into houses and steal." This reference
to his mother seemed to rouse him and
he said: "I have a mother, and as good
a one as you, if you are a right good
looking woman." Nevertheless he walk
ed very meekly out.
ASKING FoR A GUARD.
So great m ere the ravages committed
that my young sister and a cousin from
Baltimore went into town to ask for a
'uard. When the complaint was laid
before General Gregg, he turned to an
Aicer and said, "'Tell Colonel Gregg
lhat I have heard nothing but complaints
f his regiment this morning, and if
leeds be he must take one-half of his
nen to keep the other half in order." I a
loubt if the order was ever delivered.
While lie was speaking a courier came in
ind reported "a large body of rebels ad- h
,ancing on the turnpike from Leetown."
Ihe girls anxiously to be at home, asked P
or an escort, for tihe soldiers had been
,ery impertinent to them on their way
nto town. An escort was readily granted
nd although our house was near the
>ut-posts he came all the way to the
loor and there received my "mother's
hanks for his courtesy. She" also asked tI
uim his name, which at first he refused
o give, but upon her reminding him n
hat he knew not what a day might a
>ring four'h he gave it: "Major Gaston,e
fi(Generai Gregg's staff." None but
hose who have seen and felt it can
i
advance in such order and numbers, t
naowing as we did that only a few miles
uther on they were to meet our forces,
mong whom were many friends near
ud dear. Soon a few stray shots were
card, then the drum beat and all str-ag- L
lers were drawn in and quiet 'reigned .as
or a little while. Then came the whirr h]
nd shriek of the shells as they passed fli
ven the house, and the villainous "zip9h
f the minnie balls as theycuthlevsa
rom the hedge around out ther laves a
s retreated to the cellar. The famailv )
onsisted of my mother, her two daugih- ti
rs, her niece, her two little grandchil- m
ren, whose mother was in Baltimore; -
negro woman aiid a terror-stricken tri
A FIGHT TO nlE REMEMBERED. li
All that evening the battle raged, The TI
ederal wounded were broughit from thet
cl and laid upon the lawn before and h.
nder the protection of the house until
icy could be taken away, some few in ,
eabulances, others on horses or on se
retchers. I shall never forget the sight h
fa white horse, his whole forequarter "i
ained with the life-blood of him who "~
us lying dead across his back. Thei
ring never ceased until late in the by
ight. Our house was kept closed andn
erfectly dark. The troops had no time K
tarry and I heard them, as they passed Sc.
and froni the sprang, wonder where t
ie women of the house were. All night 0
e waited in the darkness, each with a "
(ndle, a few nmatches and a piece of 0?
iocolate in our pockets. These hadP
2en kept for a time of need and we I
uought that time had come. It was 6
ualy a night of horrors. By two or
tree o'clock all the federals lhad gone mi
ad we heard the smiooth canter of the al
uathiern horseman take the laice of the te(
uarp ring of the steel-shod horses of the.
orthern cavalry. Daylight found me ,
itu a pale tace and hollow e'yes, but
~arty welcome for the Confederates who
>de in to say that they wou:ld be back d
b~reakfast.' Our friends from town, all
aimed for our safety, came almost as co:
on.
oENERAL LEE HIMsELF. bu
Seeing a soldier and being; anxious to In
ow who of our friends had come asked 1o:
.m to what regiment he b)clonged, to ex<
.e great amusement of all around, for va]
prov-ed to be General F. Lee himself.
mnong the tiirst questions asked was who fac
us in command of the forces oppuosed th(
us. W\hen G eneral Lee was told that wh]
was Genuerial Gregg lie instantly said : sin
[ wonder- ii lhe knew I was in conumand f'ac
this side?" and J gathered that they im]
ud been either classmates or friends be- Idu:
fore the war. 0h, the contra
two days divided V onlIV a singie ni':1h
The day boefore terror and gI om pn
vailed and to-dar the lutse tiled wit
joy and gladniss. We had littl r
nothing to give them to ea'. all ihavin
- been taken from us the day before an(
the garden tranpled by the troop
While raticns that had been sent fron
the camp were being prepared we gath
ered around the piano to entertain on:
iguests with music and to deliver t
General J. E. B. Stuart some mu's'ie tlha
had been in our keepi for -ovru
months, sent to him I' an wlmnirinm
friend in Baltiniore. '".oldier B13o:
Nineteen Years Old" and "JE-nvy Ha
vens, Oh," were simg with a heartv good
will. Impromptu verses to the latte'
air were composed by nearly all preseilt.
General Stuart's centributtion, written
on the back of a piece of music, was the.
followving:
ST1'ART s DI ToMiTt'.
To the bonnie lass, Miss Lottie,
Our adoration's due,
She soothes our hearts in times of woc
With music soft and true.
May she rule her beau of nineteen,
The gallant Brigadier,
Who, though he vanquish men, I ween
Her own connand must fear.
To our jolly friend. Fitz Lee,
kA health before we go,
-C ';; heart all full of glee,
A strong 'in for the foe.
MIav his triumph:sI< onltmlue
And Miss Lottie always v
The number of his regimlent
And smiles on him bestow.
Later in the day a Baltimore Ame-riean
was gotten hold of I some means and
the portico rang with merriment as the
account of the battle from a Federal
point of view was read out, and its in
ccuracy wondered at and commented
on by all. I heard General Lee sa'v:
"Well, I have not been in a hotter place
ince the war began than that light was
it one time yesterday." It was indeed
i hard fought fight, though it has had
jut small mention in the "Annals of the
War." it was here that Colonel Deake,
f the First Virginia Ca'rah (formierly
tuart's), was killed. When we con
gratulated Colonel Morgan on lhis pro
notion, he said, feelingly' "Not vet!
lot yet' too lately have I paid my last
ribute to poor Deake."
But this was no abiding pIace for
ither army. When the Federals were
[riven across the river the Confederates
etired beyond the railroad, and so it
vas with us until peace settled down j
ver the whole land, and the war became i
.s it now is, a thing of the memory only.
HELEN BOTELER. PNDLEOWN.
Shepherdstown, W. Va.
Ili: Fr:-Ahslater Et.
Of fresh-water .els as apart from their
ighty cou.sin the conger, there ar
liree distinct kinds-the sharp-nosed
el, the broad-nosed or frog-mouthed
el, and the snig. Of these three, the
harp-nosed eel is both the largest 11sh
nd the best eating. though some prefer I
ie snig-eel as having a sul)erior ilavor.
he srig, however, in spite of its excel- I
mec, has not the same valm as the
liarp-nosed eel; for it seldom. if ever.
ttains more than hialf a ieutnd in weight.
'he sharp-nosed eel, on the contrary,
ttains an enormous size. One on iceord s
iat was taken in the Miedway, not far
-om Rochester, weighed thirty-four
ounds, measured six feet in length, and
ad a girth of tent;y-tive inches. Anoth- a
eel, taken in Kent, weighed forty
ounds and measured five feet nine s<
iches. Tarrll speaks of having seen at
amibridge the preserved skins of twob
hich had weighed together fifty pounds;
te heaviest twenty-seven pounds, the .L
:her twenty-three ptounds. But these o
stances, though not to be regarded as s
)ocryp)hal, are very exceptional; and ah
~ry fair average weight for sharp-noseda
1is is six pounds. Eels of even ten
munds weight are not common, and
r. Frank Buckland speaks of one of
at size as being the largest he had evert
en.-Popular Science MIonthly.
Cleoeland a Detmuocratie Lincolo~a.
The politicians did not like President
incoln. They would have pushed him S:
ide at the end of his first term if it I
id lain in their power. The barrier in 4'
e war was the confidence reposed in 31
mn by the sovereign people. 'The situ- 4
ion at this time is not dissimilar.
:esident Cleveland has not pleased the la
>iticians, either of his own par'ty or of be
e op)position; but every dayi it becomes s
re and more manifest that the people B
both the Democrats who took him on 3
ist and the Republicans who distrust- r
him-are behind him and backingri
mi. His sturdy honesty pleases them. 5
ie wiser politicians, seeing the drift of of
e popular current, arc bea.ginning to \W
dge.-Bradford Era. i
Until the circumstances of the recent a
zures of Aimerican vessels 'at Shel of
re, Nova Scotia. were tunder-tood "t C
,s thought that the tisheries quston e
.s to be again sprumg on thie old(1
ound, in spite (o the recent ~ revocatnn
the Domiinio9 authorities of thteir tw
st order feor~ e:zures. i is now itn- la
'stood, '.Myer, that the v essels, were Wi
zed fo- iohition of the Canaidian' cus.St
ns regulatdions and not for oense~s bi
tnectedl with ishing. 'i e vessels
re seized for hav'ing permnited cer tin J
their men to go ashore wiithou re- C<(
rting to the custom-house athorities Sa
is u'ged on behalf of the seized ves- it
s that the offenses were u"intnion' tol
t we cannot see what grounid for the ik
erfer'ence of our goiver'nient tle cas' an
ord. TIhe impounded vvss' a t h it
hnicaly at any rate, in thte positn oft
lators of thle law.
Ehte conditions (lit of which gr:-. the
omargainet industryv arc well ' isr- t
by the iincreasi:ng demiantd fo" imar el"
over Europe from 1650t down : itth
stantly advancing pric'e. Ithe 'rodi- e
uIs atdvantces in this dlirection 1a ed
'ther illu~strte~td by the imp orttt, in b
tter, cheese anid 'eggs itt I '''. i
the years from 1S.!3 to Pe the' imn'
rts of the three committnie's 'eldo' hit
eeded ini anyv oni year P50,0 in h.
nie. wvhile thier have einee' rliso og
),000))Oi per 'ainum. Letting the a
ts do the reasoning it is apt artnt that h~
new indutstryi--the pr'oduetL i f 1 ~
loleoe substituttes for' bultter)-- was :1 mt
ple necessity'. Bieco gaitiont i of ti sit
t ntust precede true progriss in the ku
sortant matter of regulating the in-n
tri- Itho
ALL MPloUT SENATOlS.
--:7 %T011" WITUI PLEN 1rV OF HAIR ANI
-: ($Ss WI V ERY 1ALD HEADS.
e4nnlrr Vour:.: and .Senatorg Old-Senator
Vha are M:-t-tannr and Senators WVho Ar
Vrnil --Sennorinl ljirthdays.
- (L :r ti. h P;iladeph:a Times.)
IA IINGTOx. July 16.-White lock
and beards among United States Sena
t'rs ar*e ut always indicative of age.
Take, ftr instance, Senator Edmunds.
His heard is gray-almost to whiteness
--and not in the Senate Chamber is there
ano her head more bald than his, yet the
the vars that he can chronicle are but
fllty-eight. Voorhees, of the same age,
has not a bald spot on his head and his
head and his heavy, brown hair is but
lightly tinged with gray-a fine specimen
of physical manhood is this "tall syca
more of the Wabash." Coke and Alli
a'on, each numbering fifty-seven years,
are two other extremes. In the absence
of hair and color of beard the former
bears a striking resemblance to Ed
Imunds. The latter has a heavy growth
of hair over his entire head, as has also
the other Senator from Iowa, Wilson, of:
equal age, but whose hair is gray and
stands straight up like stubble in a grain
field. Butler, at 50, from his thin gray
-ir and white moustache looks nearly
-s Conger at 68. Nine persons
Out of te7N uld say that Blackburn, at
17, presenttsN old an appearance as
George, at 59. Ckrell, whose years
number a half centuNi plus one, looks
to be ten years older t Logan, while
in fact he is nine years - Q tinger, the
hair and beard of tle forme being a
light gray, the hair and moustache of
the latter being comparatively as ck
as the plumage of the raven.
Only fifty-three years of this world's
life has McPherson seen, yet from his
whitening locks, hollowed cheeks and
feeble gait he would quickly be taken to
be eight or ten years older than Beck,
who is eleven years his senior, but who, 3
:n appearance, at least, is as muscular as i
mn ox. On Beck's head, which is cov- t
red with a kinky coat of brown hair,
2ot a bare spot as large as a dime can i
eoseen.
A MILLIONAIRE SENATOR.
Within one seat of McPherson sits the
nillionaire Senator Payne, who has 1
'cunded out exactly three-quarters of a
-entury and who is therefore twenty-two
ears older than this New Jersey Sena
or; but the average visitor would be t
uore apt to think there are two years'
lifference in their ages than twenty-two.
If the shoulders of Morrill, the oldest
enator in the Chamber, were less bent
Ie would appear younger than the "fish
>ole bachelor" Saulsbury, whose record
a
ae years are sixty-eight and therefore
.(glit vea'rs less than those of the Ver- J
uont Senator. Jones, of Arkansas, is r
>ut forty-six and consequently in the C
riie of life, but his beard is quite e
i-ra, while the hair on his head, which r
Sfasti turnng gray, is as thin as a wheat
eld visited by a drought. Evarts, at c
i' tv-eight. although his hair is darkly c
vay. shows not a sign of baldness, whife C
Iillcr, the other New York Senator, d
lore than twenty years his junior, shows t
deal of top head throughihis fine silken t.
air. Sherman, at sixty-three, although lc
a t what lacking by nature in vitality, f
;a well-preservedc man, not a bald spot
eing visible throughi his iron-gray hair.
lahone, at fifty-nine appears older than
~awes at sixty-nine, Vest at fifty-five as
ad as Pugh 'at sixty-five. Sawyer is
xtv-nine, yet few persons would take d
im to be ten yeairs older than Hoar, a2
ho will be sixty next Aug iust-a
1ZT oNE .sENATOII UNDER FoRTY. 0:
An exaination of ages shows that in B
ec thirties there is but one, Senator 01
ennia, whose age is :38 and who is there- t1
re the youngest member of the upper ti
cnnch of Congress. JIn the forties there E
e fourteen Senators, Riddleberger, the ~
cond youuIgt Senator, being 41; 1y
.bin and Spooner, 43; Aldrich, 44; ~
erry, 45; Gray and Jones, of Arkansas, 0o
1:iDackburn, Gorman, Milled and di
litchell. of Pennsylvania, 47; Plumb, tl
SManderson, 49. The fifties claim tl
:arly one-half ot Lie Senators, th'e num
r being thirty-sceven and every year fa
-twveen fifty and sixty being repro- th
nted. Of the ag~e of 50 there are five, e~
)wefl, Butler, D)olph, Hale and h~
itehell, of Oregon; of 51, Blair, Cock- sit
11, Eustis and Sewell; of 52, Call, Har- th
ion, Ingalls and Jones, of Florida; of hi
, Cameron, Gibson and McPherson; CV
54, lKair and Frye; of 55, Vest and sa
hiitehall. Of the age of 56 there arep
Sen'Iators-Chase, Cullum, .Jones, of th
-vada; P'almer, Teller and Vance-this fo
e claiming a greater number than any wv
her. The recorded ages of Allison, mi
>ke and Wilson, of Iowa, are 57 years oh
.jh; of Caminden, Edmunds, Platt and be
>orhees, 59 ; of George, Hawley, Hoar
d Mfahone, 59. The sixties boast of
cntyv-three S-enators, Logan, McMil
iand 11ansuom' being 60; Maxey, Van
vek and Wh litthorne, 61; Colquitt, co:
aftord and Morgan, 62, the latter's Vi:
thdarv being~ June 20; Sherman, 63; on
ek a'd Wtilson, of Maryland, 64; he:
own, rearst and Pugh, 65; Pike, 66; ho:
'i'er, Evarts, Hampton, Harris and pe.
alsb:ury, 68; Daweis and Sawyer, 69. po:
th~ e\ evetics there are but two Sena- of
:s Pa une being 75 and Morrill 76. lea
tA en'the youngest Senator, Kenmia, ne<
di oldest, Moirill. there are, therefore, ust
rty-e' it years, Morrill being exactly a y
ee the age of Kenna. prn
The monh of October has given birth cas
thegretet number of Senators,Ju
1e avn been bor1n therein. March alo
.I \gril have joined hands with Do- at
aer, cachi month having given seven dat
ator. Febr'iuary, May and Septem- go1
: eai becdted with ixeach; Au- stoi
,t ad Nov.ember, four; January, of ,
nfn ul. three each. This esti
te iso'he suippositioni that be'stor
anwas biorn F-ebruiary. 9J, 1826, as
: asve een officially recorded in (
-, .gre. onal DirectoiT. Nine ma<
1.-rs appemtar not to know the month veta
wich'I tii'-v were born, and two, Alli- liin
''1w\ Van' Wycvk, knowing the month, vet<
'w not the day. Dolph, of Oregon, aren
t. Wiso, of Maryland, were born on sec<
,'u .,- ay o the same month. Oct.. 'has
ber 19, although seven years apart. The
birthdays of Vest and lair occur on the
same day of the same month, December
6, as do also those of Ingalls and Sauls
bury, December 29. Logan and Man
derson were each born February 9.
There are no two Senators of exactly the
same age, considered by years.
FOREIGN-BORN SENATOBs.
Five Senators can never become Presi
dents, as they are foreign-born, Beck
having been born in Scotland; Jones, of
Nevada, in England; Fair, Sewell and
Jones. of Florida, in Ireland. New
York has given birth to more of the
present Senators than any other State,
the number being eight; Kentucky,
Ohio and Virginia can boast of six each,
Virginia and West Virginia being con
sidered in this estimate as one; Massa
chusetts and Pennsylvania, five each,
with the remainder scattering. Fourteen
have been born in New England. Only
four States west of the Mississippi
Indiana, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota
-have given birth to Senators. Not a
Senator has heen born in the western
half of the United States.
Out of a total of seventy-six Senators
thirty-four have been born in the States
they represent. All of the New England
Senators have been born in their respec
tive States, with the exception of Chase,
of Rhode Island, and Hawley, of Con
necticut, the latter having made a jump
from North Carolina. Only one New
York Senator-Miller-was born in the
Empire State, Evarts having first seen
light in Boston, Mass. Both of the
Stnators from Maryland, from Pennsyl
vania, South Carolina, North Carolina,
Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia and
Tennessee were born in the States they
represent. The remaining Senators that
are certified representatives of the States
that gave them birth are Blackburn,
Cockrell, Colquitt, Eustis, Logan, Palmer
and Sherman. T. C. J.
THE REVOLUTlONI5TS.
The Rank and FIle. as a Rule, Tainted With
Cri-ne or Insanity.
(From the Ch:ca:o Tribune)
I fin " a recent number of the Nou
relle Revue.. uriously interesting paper
>y Dr. Lomt. u revolutions and
-evolutionists. '-. vs of popular
ipheavals it is well toi. n. qf
he anarchist and his associates el
lefined. And, in the place, the writer
liscovers a close relation between revo
utions and climate. Of 192 political
tprisings in Europe, the majority oc
urred in Italy, Spain and Greece, while
lussia, Sweden and Norway contributed
ut few. Then again we find that of
his number thirty-two took place in
un- and thirty- in July, while in No
ember and January there were only
welve and fifteen, respectively. Heat,
hen, must be considered as an important
actor in revolutions. The learned doc
or has also discovered that, however
ure may be the lives of some of the
evolutionary leaders, the rank and file,
s a rule, have had criminal antecedents,
r are tainted with insanity. Thus,
ourdan, in the time of the first French
avolution, who from a butcher boy be
ime general, cut the throat of his form
r employer, Launey; personally di
acted the pillage, the burnings and the
sasinations committed by his troops;
mused the killing of seventy-three offi
als at Avignon; and continued his
ireer of crime until he was himself con
emned to death by the revolutionary
ibunal. Then there were Hejeune, of
ie same epoch, the inventor of a guil
tine, with which he first practiced on
>wls, and Jean d'Heron of Nantes, who
ore a human ear on his hat like a cock
le and carried others in his pocket,
hich he made the women kiss. Quite
cently in Russia robbery and naasi
ttion have been used to spread the
>ctrines of the anarchists. Stellmacher
id Kammnerar killed the banker Lysart
id several of his family to get possession
a few hundred fiorins. In Germany
oedel, who had thirteen years previ
isly been put under surveillance for
.eft, and having no ostensible occupa
n, attempted to take the life of the
aiperor. lReinsdorf, who planned the
iederwald attack on the imperial fami
of Germany, was subject to criminal
onomania and had been found guilty
an assault on a woman. In Paris
ring the troubles in 1833 out of thirty
ree persons arrested it was found that
irteen had already been condemned
r theft. Alcohol is also an important
:tor in revolutions. The excesses of
e Paris commune were largely due to
cessive use of stimulants by those who
a been nearly starved during the
~ge. It is not surprising to be told by
is scientific inquirer that insanity goes
nd in hand with revolutions. 'The
ents of 1871 in France sent 1,700 in
1e patients to the hospitals during a
riod of eighteen months, and among
Sleaders of the commune there were
ir hereditary lunatics and four others
to had been previously under treat
int for that disease. Certainly of these
allitions of the political caldron it may
truly said, "That way madness lies!"
- .lan Eaters.
lonscious cannibalism is by no means
ifined to the Feejee islands. The Rio
rgen tribes of the Arancanos Indians,
the northern coast of Chili, do not
sitate, in hard winter, to keep the pot
lng by slicing up a few of their su
-tuous relatives; and Dr. Nachtigal is
sitive that the country north and east
the Congo is swarming with two-.
ged 'man-eaters. The Dyaks of Bor
>, who gather skulls as our red men
d to gather scalps, now and then eat
ersonal enemy as a matter of hygienic
caution, on thie theory that the wizard
11s of the dead man's relatives can
is be rendered ineifetual. Sparodie
es of cannibalism occur in every East
lian famine. The nations of Europe
uie are in that respect total abstainers,
>resent at least, for Roman traditions
e back to a time when the Liestry
tes of Southern Italy kept special
~kyards for fattening their prisoners
var.-Dr. Orwald.
[Galveston News.1
leveland's vetoes as Mayor of Buffalo
le him Governor of New York; his
>es as Governor of New York made
SPresident of the United States; hisi
>es as President of the United States
liable to insure his election for a
>nd term. As a veto artist Cleveland