The Manning times. (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, June 09, 1886, Image 1

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VOL. II. MANNING, CLARENDON COUNTY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2, 1886. NO. 25. DR. TALMAGE ON LABOR. A Sermon Diseussina the Ah.-orbin; Question o0 the Day. The announcement that Dr. Talmage was about to discuss the absorbing ques tion of labor and capital drew to the Brooklyn Tabernacle last Sunday morn ing an immense throng of people from all classes of society. Scores were turned away, being unable to get within the vestibule. In the audience sat many prominent Knights of Labor, and it was evident from their looks that they were in sympathy with some of the preacher's remarks. After the congregation had sung the hymn, "Arm of the Lord, awake! awake'" Dr. Talmage expounded a number of passages of Scripture. His sermon is the beginning of a series of labor topics. Among the subjects to be treated are: "The Battle for Bread," "The Rights of Capital and Labor," "The Hardshipsof the Working Classes," "How Employers and Employees Ought to Treat Each Other," and "The Great est Foe of Labor." THE CHAOS OF iAsCTv. "That labor has grievances I will plainly show before I get through this course of sermons. That capital has had outrages committed upon it I will make evident beyond dispute. I do not under rate the peril of those times. The ten dency is toward revolution. The labor quarrel is hemispheric-aye, a world wide quarrel, and the whole tendency is towaid anarchy. One way in which we may avoid anarchy is by letting the peo ple know what anarchy is. It is the abolition of the right of property. It makes your store, and your house, and your money, and your family mine and mine yours. It is wholesale robbery. It means no law, no church, no defence, no rights, no happiness, no God. There is too much good sense dominant in this country to permit anarchy. Within six months there will be a kindlier under standing between labor and capital than has ever been known in this country. They have demonstrated as never before their absolute dependence upon each other. ADVICE TO LABORERS. "Meanwhile my brotherly counsel is to three classes of laborers: First, to those who are at work; stick to it., He who gives up work now will probably give it up for starvation. Second, to those who have resigned work; it is best for you and best for everybody to go back immediately. Those will make the most out of the present almost universal strike who go first to work. Third, to those who have been a long time out of work; go now and take the vacated places. Go in and take those places a million and a half strong. My sentiment is full liberty for all who want to strike to do so and full liberty for all who want to take the vacated places. Other in-; dustries will open for those who are now taking a vacation, for we have only opened the outside door of this conti nent and there is room in this coun ry for eight hundred million people and for each one of them a home and a liveli hood and a God. I am not scared a bit. The storm will hush. "Workingmen of America, your first step toward betterment of condition will be an asssertion of your individual inde pendence of dictation of your fellow workmen. Do not let any man or any body of men tell you where you shall work or where you shall not work, when you shall work or when you shall not work. If a man wants to belong to a labor organization, let him belong. If hedoes not want to belong to a labor organization, let him have perfect liberty to sty out. I belong to a ministerial association. I have a right to resign my pastorate and say, -I am going. Good bye.' But I have no right, after I have quit this pulpit, to linger aroundl the doors on Sunday mornings and evenings with a shotgun to intimidate or hinder the minister who comes to take my place. [Laughter.]~ "This day I declare the mutual de pendence of labor and capitald. Smite society at any one point and you smite the entire communitiy. Relief will come to the working classes of this country through a better understanding between capital and labor, through co-operative associations, through discevery on the part of employers that it is best for them to let their employees know just how matters stand, and through the ?eligious rectification of the country. Labor is uppreciated and rewarded just in propor tion m country is Christianized. Our religion i. a democratic religion." THE CARE OF MOUNT VERNON. W~hat One south Carolina Woman Has Done For the Place. Mount Vernon is the property of the Ladies' Mount Vernon Association-an association that saved it to the country,j but which must inevitrebly transfer it to the government, as the people of the, whole country, not a mere organization, should be the owners of the home of Washington. The property was left by Washington to his nephew, Judge Bush rod Washington, and descended finally to Colonel John Washington. In 1859 Colonel Washington, whose affirs were very much embarrassed, was forced to sell. Congress, with strange stupidity, took no account of the place, and it was left to a woman to save Mount Vernon from the autioneers hammer. This woman, Pamela Cimningham, was from South Carolina. She had been an in valid, well nigh bed-ridden, all her life since her eighteenth ye-ar. When the' news of the proposed sale reached her she conceived the plan of rescuing the place. She applied first to Congress, but Congress would do nothing. Then from her sick bed she organized the Tah' Mounit Vernon Association and got a charter from the State of Virginia. She interested Edward Everett in it, who agreed to deliver a course of lectures as a nucleus for a fund to buy it. These lectures were brilliantly successful. Mr. Everett turned over $68,000 to the asso ciation. Other contributions flowed in, and at last the house and 200 acres of land were bought for $200,000. The original Mount Vernon tract, when it was called the Hunting Creek estate, comp:ised 8,000 acres, but it had dwindled in the course of years. The association is governed by one regent, who is appointed for life, and every State in the Union has a vice regent. The last are selected, if possible, from the descendants of Revolutionary families. The place is maintained by a fee of 50 cents charged every passenger who lands at Mount Vernon. The asso ciation lets the contract for carrying pas sengers to a steamboat company, which makes daily trips. The fare is $1, which includes the entrance fee to the house and grounds. But the feeling is general and is loudly expressed that no admis sion fee at all ought to be charged and the government should be the owner. This will eventually work a change. The management has done much for the place, but the authority of the regent is; absolute, the appointment of the vice regents arbitrary and things conducted generally in a slipshod way. Once a year, in the month of May, these ladies meet at Mount Vernon. They spend a week there and on Sunday they attend Pohick Church, whic'- was General Washington's parish church and sit in the Washington pew. They look over the accounts-but there is no real super vision, the regent, Mrs. Macalister Laughton, who lives in Washington, be ing virtually supreme-and then go home and see Mount Vernon no more until the next May. It is obvious that this plan cannot long last. Some years ago a harter was granted a company to build , railroad from Washington to Mount Vernon. Lately the project has been ctively revived. When that is built and the time of a visit brought within two ours instead of five hours, as it is at present, and greater crowds attend, the Ladies' Mount Vernon Association will e a thing of the past. THE QUADRE.NNIA L CONFERENCE. biinssion or several important Matter%. Ad journment Sine Die. Several important matters were consid red by the Methodist Episcopal Con ernce at Richmond, Va., duringthe two lays of its session. A resolution was adopted directing the >ook agent to pay to the bishops and ishops' widows the amounts designated ao be paid them annually, aggregating 26,000. A resolution was adopted that nited States Senators Harris, Whit :horne and -Morgan be requested to look tfter the publishing house claim before ,ongress. The committtee on misssion work reported approving co-operation with the Woman's Missionary Society. I resolution was adopted praying the attention of the President of the United states to the international treaty with Dhinr., the disregard of which threatens ^ioence to the Missionaries of the Church n that country. The committee on temperance sub nitted a very lengthy report expressing >ppostion to the manufacture and sale >f intoxicating liquors, except for medi ~inal and and mechanical purposes. The ~ommittee's report recommended that ~hurch members engaging in liquor I rafic be treated as in cases of imprudent' 1 ~onduct. Dr. Candler, of Georgia, noved to amend the Discipline by insert ng the word "immoral" in place of 'imprudent." The introduction of this I uendment elicited a lengthy and ani- I nated discussion, and when Delegate Duncan, of Tennessee, in referring to per- 1 ons engaged in the liquor traffic remain-1 ag in the Church, said: "We must not sanetion a traffic with the seal of Metho lism on the barrels," there was a general utburst of laughter. Dr. Bllackwell, of Virginia, thought the less legislation had n regard to morals the better. The re orded vote on Dr. Candler's amend nent resulted in 107 for and 65 against. The report was then adopted as a whole. A resolution was adopted, requesting the Bishops to i~ut foreign missions in their regular annual visitations, leaving, however, such visits discretionary with them. The Conference commended the woman's missionary work by a unani nous vote. The question of the place of holding the next General Conference was referred to a special commnitte, to report at their option through the Church papers. A committe of five was appointed to select from the Calendar such business for consideration by the Conference as may be deemed most important. A resolution was adopted authorizing the app~ointment by the Bishops of an assistant editor of the Christian Advocate; also authorizing the editor to draw on the book agent for $2,500 annually to pay correspondents. The Conference fixed upon the first' Wednesday in May, 1890, as the time for the meeting of the next General Confer-' ence. The report of the committee on divorce was adopted. It provides that no minis ter of the Church shall solemnize the rite of marrnage between parties when one or both are divorced from a wife or husband' still living, provided that the inhibition shall not apply to an innocent party to a divorce obtained on Scriptural grounds. The Bishops were authorized to ap point fraternal messengers to the North ern Methodist Episcopal Church, to the Methodist Episcopal Church in Canada, and the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America. The Convention, just before midnight n the 2+h uit adjoned sine die. MAXWELL'S CONFEMiON. ie Admnitm all the Ex"sential Fnets Testillel in liv Other Witnesses. but Clainm liat Hist Mto the was not Murder. MIaxwell, the alleged murdcam1 of Preller, has testified in his own behalf. His recital of his personal history shows that he has been accurately traced in Ill his movements. his account corroborat ing all witnesses who have Itestifitd against him, except the detective wh was in Prison with him. He gave hi name as Hugh 'Maxwell Brooks, aged 25, born in England. His account of the dleath of Preller is identical with his con fession published a few days ago. He had studied me(icine, but had no license to practice as a physician. He had treated Preller for trifling ailments pre ious to coming to St. Louis, and at Preller's own request undertook to re nove a stricture. Preller 'was the con -enting party to the use of chloroform, iud the case was one which might and loes sometimes occur in any physician's practice. Preller died from the effects >f the drug while under treatment. 'Max xvell says his mistake was in not report zig the circumstance at once, but lie was h a strange land, ignorant of the cus :oms, and unawqrc that his report would erve him had he made it. Besides this le was in great grief over the death of a nan to whom he was much attached as t friend. In this state of mind the :hought occurred that he must hide the aody and get away. He then packed it n a trunk, as described, and took what noney he found in Preller's trousers, bout $600. He made a number of pur hases and drank a great deal before eaving for California. Questioned by his counsel: "What do -ou know about a piece of paper, read ng, 'So perish all traitors to the great :ase?' " The prisoner: "I wrote it. MIv idea %as that the authorities would find it md that it would puzzle them until an Lutopsy should be held." Counsel: "Was it your idea to delay hem while you were getting away?" Prisoner: "Yes." Counsel: "Did you do anything else vith the same object in view?" Prisoner: "Yes. I shaved off the nustache." Counsel: "Can you tell how that cut :ame upon his breast?" Prisoner: "Yes. I did it with a seal el, but can assign no reason for it." Counsel: "Had you, when you ad ninistered that chloroform, any inten ion of killing Preller?" Prisoner: "I had not, sir." (The pris mer spoke loudly and emphatically.) Counsel: "Had you any intention of njuring him?" Prisoner: "I had not, sir." "Counsel: "Of doing him any bodily arm?" Prisoner: "No." The rest of the testimony was taken ip with his trip to San Francisco, some >f the events which occurred, and his. ,planation of some of the big stories vhich he told about himself on -his trip o that city. THE RECENT CA.TACLI'SM. 'he Fenrful Worx of' Destrucgtion on the C'olni bila and Greenville Railroad and uhe Probable Co,'t (ir Raciirs'-Two week" Xcet serore Traint ('an Run Over T'his [tud. (Columib:a Daily lierrd, M.:y: 25 Yesterday afternoon a represtniative of rim: ItxcoltD went upl the Greenvill :roadl, bout eight mile's, where the workmen aire msy repairing the damnage (causedl by the ecent freshet. Though much work has een accomplished in the past week the evi lences of the fearful diestruction that this oadl met with arc still visible and giVe., the >bserver somei idea of the vast power of ature's forces as compared with the insig riclant wvortis of man. From near' the ight mile post to Alston. seventeeO nmles, he track is so badly damaged as to nc"" ate relaying. 'ind a quairter of a mile wdl >e trestlewoirk. More than two hundred aborers are at ivork under th~e supervkisin >f Mr. RI. Southgate, Ass'istant Engrineer of le road, and everything posisibile is being lone to expedite the wo'~rk of repairing. ['he entire road force of trackmen. trenstle >uilers and bridge carpenters oif the Co unmbia and Greenville Rloadt, andi fortesI 'rom the Charlotte. ('olumbia and Augusta, tr Line anid Richmoud andi Ihmaville lo:ads are concentrated be'tween C'oai nd Alston, andl notwithstanding the large orce engaged it is thought that fully two veeks more will elapse before trains can ass over the road. It is estimated that the ost of repairs wvill reach $50.00, not in' luding the large revenue the compiany oses daily by their non-ability to run trains bouit 8400 per day is required to pay those ngaged in the work of repairing., tin consequence of the unlooked for ex raordinary work the date of ehanging the auge of the main line of the Colubia nd Greenville Road. which w'e' to have een done June 8. w"ill very likely have to 2e postponied to a later td:te. There are several trestles and considerable of the oadbedl on the Spartamnburtg, Union and Dolumbhia Railroad washed away, and our ~epresentative was informed that it would )robaly~ be about July 1st before trains ~an run'to Spartanburg.~ The Spartanburg [oad will be repaired and the gauge hanged at the same time. This washup m-'ikes the third time that his particular portioin of the Greenv'ille [oad has met with au similar fate. thle same ling hav'ing oiccurr'ed in 185's and agrain i 1865. One of the section masters superin ending the present work says that he helpedl to repair the damagie causedl by the freshet of 1865 and the sane process has t be gone through with now that was necs sary then. In a few' more decaides lie will prbably become reconciled to these aqatie invasionis and be an authority as toethe best methods of repairing the damages they cause. Cat parties are the latest. A young girl gives a party and each friend invited brings her cat along with a ribbon about its neck co'responidtng to that worn by its mistress. There's lots of fun at such parties, especially when the felines come together. President Cleveland was born on the 18th of March, 1837. H~e is no spring chicken. But he will "commit" matrimony all the1 sme EVOIXTIONANDI THE CHfURCHI. An Earnest Con-ideration of te ulbject in the G-neral -.emehv orthue ,szouthern Preshvterians. The General Assembly of the Southern Presbyterian Church recently in session at Augusta, Ga., had under considered the subject of evolution in its relations to orthodox Christianity. The commit tee to whom the matter was referred mande the following report. signed by nine out of the thirteen members: "To the several overtures on the sub ject to the evolution of man, sent up by the Presbyteries, the General Assembly retumL answer as follows: ThLe Church remains at this time sincerely convinced that the Scriptures, as trily and author itatively expounded in the 'Confession of Faith' and 'Catechism,' teach that Adam and Eve were created, body and soul, by the immediate acts of the Almighty pow er, thereby preserving a perfect race unity. That Adam's body was directly fashioned by Almighty God, without any natural animal parentage of any kind, and of matter previously created of noth ing, and that any doctrine at variance therewith is a dangerous error, inasmuch as in the methods of interpreting Scrip ture it must demand, and in the conse quences which, by fair implication, it will involve, it will lead to the denial of doctrines fundamental to, the faith. "Geo. D. Armstrong, chairman; Wm. F. Jenkins, R. K. Smoot, G. B. Stricken, L. C. Vass. A. N. Hollifield, 3. Von Lear, R. B. Fulton, D. N-. Kennedy." The minority presented the following report: "The undersigned, members of your committea on overtures. on evolution, would recommend the appointment of a special committee to draft a pastoral ret ter to the Churches and Presbyteries of the Assembly, embodying the followingi points: "1. A recognition of the alarm and un easiness pervading the Church on account of the evolution discussion, and that this larm and uneasiness are not unfounded. "2. An intimation of our loyalty to the symbols, as tihe correct interpretation of the Holy Scriptures, and determination to defend them against any interposition which would mar the historic sense or aontradict any traditional doctrine of our faith. "3. The original application of the octrines contained therein belongs to the Presbyteries, and the Assembly con siders them competent for their fune tion; neither would it usurp or forestall this function, or hamper them in its per formance. by granting any in thesi de liverances which could be construed into in anticipatory exposition of the law, but ould not be of binding force. "4. The Assembly assures its Presby teries that the highest Court of the Church will be ready at the proper time to uphold and endorse any judiciakaction of the Presbvteries founded on the con stitutional law of the Church." This report was signed by the Rev Wm. Flinn, the Rev. F. L. Ferguson, the Rev. T. E. Smith and Ruling Elder V. H. Henderson. The Rev. Messrs. Wm. Flinn and F. E. Smith presented the following addi tional minority report: "We the undersigned, members of the specal committee on evolution, recoin mend that the General Assembly declineI to make a deliverance on the subject, because the answer which is invoked by these overtures, if granted, would violate rur constitution. (Note Confession of Faith, chapter 31, p)aragraph 4) "Second. Because the Word of God, is interpreted by our standards, gives the faith of the Church. "Third. Because before one of our lower Courts a concrete ease is pending1 involving the matters of those overtures." The matter was discussed quite at length-two days being consumed in the dlebate. The motion was then put that the mti nority report be; substituted for the ma-1 iority report, but it was lost. It wast moved that the vote be next taken on the majority report and that the yeas and, nays be called and recorded. Adopted.t The roll was called and resulted in a vote of 137 yeas to 13 nays. So thme major-ity report was adopted. The following resolution was offered byeconmittee on foreigncorsn ence: Resolved, That the committee appoint ed to confer with a similiar committee of the Genexal Assemnbly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America for the purpose ~uf arranging for a cen-1 tonnial celebration, shall also constitute I the Committee of this Assembly for carry ing out such arrngements. Dr. Richardson read letters from col leges in the different Presb yteries as toK their conditions, which show them to be rather short of funds. - Dr. Snmoot said that they should edu-,. cate their boys to be ministers-that if they had no ministers there could be not church. Fathers shoul press upon their i sons that the great object in this life ist not to make money, but to glorify God. The afternoon was spent in discussing the report of the committee on theologi cal seminaries, which is as follows: The standing committee on theological seminaries presents a report on Union, Columbia and Tuscaloosa Institutes. The remarks on Columbia Senmisary are as follow-s:t A very brief report from the board of~ directors of this institution fills us with1 sorrow and amazement. It tells us thatt this beloved seminary, with its assetst amounting to 3270,000 and an annual cash income of $11,784, closes this term with only eleven students, and that live of these are in the session class, leaving only six as the prospects for next yeur. It tells us further that twenty-two stu-, ents matrcated; that U)r. Woodrow t resumed his <duties as its Perkins profes sor about the middle of last December; that eleven students were dismissed and Dr. Girardeau has resigned. Therefore, in view of these facts, especially the small number of students and the large amount expended in training them, your com mittee recommend the following: Resolved, That this Assembly recom mend the four Svnods controlling that seminary to suspena it for the present until the Providence of God shall indi eate that it should be opened again de noo. Addresses were made by Drs. Mosely, W\oodrow and Peters. The evening ses ion was devoted to the discussion of home missions. TIlE (;REA' LABOR COUNCIL. Or-anizaior of Husine-4 in tlie Ceveland Con %ention---The Piroceedings. The Knights of Labor met in Cleve land, 0., last Wednesday. It was 9.20 o'clock when Powderly left the hotel, nd it was 10.40 o'clock before the Gen eral Assembly was rapped to order by the chief executive. In the meantime the delegates congregated in groups in the hall and corridors, discussing labor opics. When the call for the Convention was ssued by Powderly he only enumerated ive causes of complaint that were to be kdjusted. These were boycotts, strikes, he Southwest troubles, the relation of :be Knights of Labor to other organiza :iois and the instituting of new assem >lies. Since the delegates have arrived iany of them have plans that they ,vould like to spring upon the special ession. Whether these will be dis mssed or laid upon the table cannot be letermined as yet. One of these plans s to agitate the subject of Government -egulation of railroads. A member of lhe Order from Alleghany, Pa., has pre )ared a long address upon this subject, mad a delegate from his district will try o secure a hearing for him. The gen leman's address also deals with the >roject of the national arbitration board. Another matter has been made public. For some time past the executive board ias not been satisfied with some of the rganizers of the Order, and several iave had charges preferred against them nd had their commissions recalled. The first business of the morning ses ion was the acceptance of the report of he committee on credentials. The new telegates were then admitted to the hall nd the obligations administered. Pow erly's address was then delivered ex emporaneously. He referred the dele ates to the call to learn what business as to be brought forward, and taking ip the five subjects of strikes, boycotts, abor troubles, difficulties with trades miions and increasing membership one y one, he advised most careful thought d full discussions upon all questions. e asked that harmony, prudence and liscretion should predominate in all atters, and that the affairs of the Con 'ention should be acted upon with con ideration and dispatch. The best part f the address, treating of matters entire - within the province of the Order, annot be made public. Powderly re umed his seat amid prolonged applause and upon motion appointed standing1 ommittees of five up)on each of the fol-1 :wing subjects: Laws, strikes, boycotts nd relation of Knights to other organi ations. - The usnal committees were then ap) ointed. Delegates to the General Assembly ex ressed themselves as highly pleased at he action of the Cleveland Typographi-1 al Union in instructing its delegate to he annual convention to vote that the nion go over to the Knights of Labor a a body. The Convention will meet in ittsburg June 1, and it is confidently ,sserted that it will adjourn as a district ssembly of. the Knights of Labor. hot thirty- five thousand members will > added to the Knights. of Labor by his action, and it is claimed that com ositors in small towns where there are 1 unions will swell the numbers to fifty housand. The Assemiblv met at 8.31) o'clock 'hursday morning. The committee on zws presented a proposition that the xeutive board should he increased from ive to eleven memb ers. There was a eneral sentiment in favor of increasing he membership in the board, but the uestion as to whether it would be prop r for a special convention to take action' the matter met with some difference f opinion. The report was referred >ack to the committee on laws without astructions. A large number of local Granges, and a some States the body of the farmers Lave gone into the Knights of Labor as istrict assemblies. Farmers' Orders rgely assisted the Knights in the late trikes in the Southwest, and to show an .ppreciationi of the brotherly aid the teneral Assembly app1oinlted a commit e to p~rep~are an address to the Granges o be resented at its national conven-1 Lon. - Powderl's plan, as it is called, of State tssemblies will do away with many un ecessa-y strikes. It provides, among, ither things, that no assembly but State .d national shall have power to order ither a strike or boycott. If a local .ssembly wants to order a strike it must irst get the consent of the district and hen of the State assemblies. One of the most important subject.s~ nder consideration by the Assembly is he breach between the Knights and the rades union. An agreement or treaty aay be formulated, whereby each side. vill lose nothing of its princip~les and nable each other to work in harmony. Blanit ilugins, colored, was drowned a >ok .1-unt Frre, Laun-aster, last San PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS. A Statenent of Some of Their Needs and Their Discoura;:ements. (From the Philadelphia Times.) "I do not see what she has to com plain of. Works only six hours a day, five days out of the week, and the rest of the time she can do as she pleases. She is paid by the public, so there is no chance of money loss, and, take it all together, she is as well off as anybody can be who works for a living." The above is the opinion, not of one or a dozen persons in a community, but of a majority. Because the school be gins at 9 o'clock it is taken for granted that the teacher's duties date from that hour; because it closes at 4 or half-past four in the afternoon it is supposed that nothing remains for her to do, but she can don her wraps, go home, shop and visit ad libitum until the hour for retiring has come. During the hours of confinement in the school-room she can sit in her chair by a desk or walk quietly around the room, looking after some two or three scores of bright-eyed young sters who are busy studying (?) and real ly need little attention. That she earns her money easily is a foregone conclu sion. But does she? The fact is, the honest, earnest, faith ful teacher works harder and more con tinuously than almost any other laborer in the community. Mind, I say the "honest, faithful teacher." That there are those in this employment, as in all others, whose only object is to get through in some way, it does not matter how, only that they are sure of their pay, I do not deny. The result of their work, or the lack of it, shows how much f thought and enthusiasm entered into its doing. Their duties are left behind them when the school-room door closes in the afternoon, and "a good time" is the watchword until they enter it in the morning. That is not the kind of teach ar I am taiking about. It is the kind that soon finds no place unless political nfluence interferes to make and keep ne. The position of a conscientious teacher is no sinecure. Far from the labor be mg confined to six hours a day, it fre luently extends deep into the time which should be given to sleep. Present nethods require quite as much brain 6vork to be done out of school hours as L. There are weekly, monthly and rm examinations to be conducted. !ost of them are written, and this in volves the careful examination of as nany papers as each teacherhasscholars, nultiplied by the number of studies pur mea. You who think this is a small natter, try it for one time with one sub ect in your own family. I have known nany teachers who spent every evening, hose of Saturday and Sunday included, or weeks at a time in this kind of work, intil body and mind were utterly ex 1austed. And these were not exception a cases. I cannot see where the "easy ime" comes in for them. Aside from this is the absolute necessi y of keeping abreast of the progress in 1l matters pertaining to education. Each rear brings its changes. Science d'oes iot stand still. New discoveries are con tautly being made and what was thought o be true yesterday may be proven false o-day. No severer critics exist than chil Iren." Let a teacher be found lacking in nowledge or making a misstatement, nd her influence is shaken. Repeated, Lnd it is gone forever. It is easy to see then1 that the success nl teacher miust lbe constantly studying. )nce mastered, always mastered, is not rue in her case. To be even decently repaed to do her work, she must be etivelv alert; to he all that is demanded s an educator exacts hours of vigorous ~pplication to study, and these of neces ity- fall into the evenings and holidays. )ly a few weeks ago, a butcher told me. hather vacation was to be given to at ending a course of university lLetures in nother city, in order to prepare herself nore thoroughly for her work in a given irection. She had no time to give to est or recreation, and I knew that for reeks she had been "burning the mid uight oil" over the examination papers >f her pupils. To keep the control of the pupils of. an xerage school requires the expenditure f no small amount of nervous force, jow much one who has never undertaken t has no more idea than of the strength >f wing it would take to balance the verage man and hold him in the upper, ir. A mother is often worn out with he effort of keeping her own children imited perhaps to two or three-in rder. What would she do were that mmber multiplied by ten or fifteen and he strain kept up for days and wek Ln months and years? Of course I mow that the mother is taxed in very nany other ways, but the reinark that 'the care of the children is wearing me. >ut'" is a very frequent one. In almost every other employment dchic demands as many high qjualifica ions there is a chance of advancement a sadary suflicient to enable the worker o lay as~ide. something for sickness and1 ld age. In this there is little or none, orI the woman who ever receive over 0l. 'I) a year for their labor are few in jnuber. Very many hav-e families de ending upon themi for supp1ort. The ost pinching economyv will not more han make both ends meet without re ard to the future. There is no pension or themru when disabled, or superannua i fund when their day of work is >assed. "And yet," you .say, "there are n~ot >laces enough for those who want to >cupy themi. For every vacancy there .re swarms of applicacants, and the sue-1 t*sfl one is always regarded as very ortunate." True enough, and it is easy to see why. %Tcess+t i. a taskmaster thai reks little 1 of one's likes or dislikes. Each year the number of women who must earn their own living increases, to say nothing of those who choose to be independent. Teaching has always been regarded as one of the most genteel ways open to them for self-support. Itgivesabetterpo sition in society, presupposes a good education and the bringing up of a lady. The salary may be small, but it is cer tain. Then, too-a thing to be regretted -a large munber of the girls who be come teachers do not look upon it as a life work, but only a temporary make shift which will not affect their position in society until they marry. The conse quences or possibilities of long years of such wear and tear does not enter into their calkulations. With youth and energy, a probable drain upon the nerv ous forces often counts but little. Besides this, to the earnest teacher there are pleasures in her work that physic pain. The feeling that she is opening new worlds to young minds, that she is showing them much that is worth living for, that she is teaching them to become strong, brave men suc cess, it is necessary for parents to give her their coniidence and sympathy, to regard her as their friend and helper and, while demanding of her the best work that can be given, treat her not as the hireling hardly worthy of her hire, but with the respect and consideration due to one who has the highest interests of their children in her charge. Emr S. Bourox. THE EX-(:ONFEDERATE GENERALS. What tIhe uriiing Chieftains of the South are Engagted in Now. (Washington Dispatch to incinnati Bnquirer) Gen. Marcus J. Wright, an ex-Confed erate officer, who has charge of the pub ication of the rebellion records under the auspices of the war department, gives the following as to the whereabouts and occupations of the more prominent gen erals of the Confederate army. Of the six full generals appointed by the Con federate Congress only two survive Joseph E. Johnston, now United States mormissioner of railroads, and G. T. Beauregard, adjutant-general of Louisi ana and manager of the Louisiana Lot tery drawings. Of the twenty lieutenant generals appointed to the provisional irmy several are living. E. Kirby Smith is professor of mathematics in the Uni ersity of the South, Tennessee, which is an Episcopal institution. James Longstreet is keeping a hotel down in Georgia, after serving a term there as United States marshal under President Rays. D. H. Hill, of. North Carolina, was till recently president of the Agri :ltural School of the State of Arkansas md now earns a living chiefly by maga tine writing. Richard Taylor, son of President Taylor, is engaged in building canal near New Orleans. Stephen D. Lee is a farmer and president of the tate Agricultural College of Missippi. Tubal A. Earley practices law at Lynch 3urg, although his chief support is de ved from his connection with the Louisiana Lottery Company. Of the major generals, A. P. Stewart s now president of the University of sfississippi at Oxford, where Secretary amar was a professor at the time of his lection to the United States Senate. Wade Hampton is in the Senate. Joseph Wheeler is in Congress. He is very vealthy and one of the largest planters n Alabama. John B. Gordon is a mil ionaire railroad man and figured cn picuously at the- Montgomery celebra ion. Gen. Loring, of Florida, was mgineering in Egypt until a few years go, when he cameto New York to work Lt the same profession. B. F. Cheatham vas recently appointed postmaster at Washvile, Tenn., by President Cleve and. Sam Jones, of Virginia, is in the udge advocate general's office. Lafay ~tte McLaws is postmaster at Savannah ?a. L. B. Buckner lives in Louisville, Ky., where he own a great deal of real state, the revenue of which supports iim. L. B. French earns a scanty sub stence by engineering in Georgia. C. U. Stephenson is in Fredericksburg, Va. ohn H. Forney, brotller of Congress nan Forney, is in an insane asyltm at elma, Ala. Abney H. Maury is in Washington, agent for a New York life nsurance company. John G. Walker is also in the insurance business here. saac R. Trimble lives in retirement in altimore on a fortune derived from the 'rimble whiskey. Gen. Heth is em loyed by the Government to do en ;ineering on some Southern rivers. admus Wilcox was formerly employed bout the Senate Chamber, but is now n retirement, writing a history of the Iexican war. Fitzhugh Lee is Gov ~rnor of Virginia. Extra Billy Smith >ractices law at Warrenton, Va. Charles W. Field, oncc doorkeeper of the House, s superintendent of the Hot Springs .eservation. William B. Bate is Gov : or of Tennessec. W. H. F. Lee is a fairfax county farmer. C. J. Polignac, vho came over from France to espouse he Confederate cause, is back in Prris, >usied with immen-se railroad operations. . F. Fagan was marshal of Arkana mder Grant. He is now at Little Rock. illiam Mahone is in the Senate, as is .C. Walthall, of Mississippi. John S. darmaduke is Governor of Missouri and a aspirant for Senator Cockrell's seat. ?erce M1. B. Young has gone to Rnssia s United States consul general at St. ?etersburg. 31. C. Butler is a Senalor >f the United States. Thomas L. Rus ell, after making a fortune as attorney or the Northern' Pacific Railroad, has ettled down at his old home, Char ottesville, Va. (G. W. Curtis Lee is resident (f WXashngton andl Lee Uni ersity tat Lexihngtr n. Va. The small grainu (erop il Aibbeille Coum y is norer than it hns ben for years..