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i If V BY-WAYS OF STATE HISTORY Dueling an<J Fisticuffs Dr. J. W. Daniel in Southern Chris tian Advocate. Dueling was a widespread curst after the Revolutionary war, but the -L 1 U , ^ code seems to nave urcn almost exclusively by the higher civ cles of society. It was more prevalent in the South than in New Eng land; one reason, and perhaps th* main reason for this, was thai iru earliest settlers of New England wen Dissenters and naturally put the bar of disapproval on it because it was a practice of the English gentry whost worldly pleasures as well as then customs they religiously tabooed. It has been alleged that it was more prevalent in the South and Southwest because of "a landed aris tocracy which adhered to the OK: World customs, to a warm climate which produced an irritable physical condition" and of course, "to the intolerant and domineering disposition which came to the owner of slaves." If the author whom I have just quoted had stopped with his first lesson he would have been nearer right than when he added the other two sup posed causes, and hai he stated that dueling was a crime particularly attributable to a class of Englishmen and not a crime practiced by the English people he would have beer much nearer the true causs of the prevalence of dueling in the South. It is interesting from trrs point of view to study, the development of Englishmen America, religiously, morally and politically. The large land-holders, especially in South Carolina and Virginia, very naturally lived like Englishmen, they remembered their origin and the origin of their institutions, they sympathized with England though they had fought her and won their independence. John Adams, although of Puritan descent, was the vice-president and during the first congress advocated, with a majority of the senate such high sounding titles for the president as "his highness" or "his mightiness." If these prominent Anglo-American cit izens had not been checked they would have created a court circle. America was saved from this blunder by the Democratic house. Adams was genuinely English in his ideals. William M-aclay, a Scotch Irishman, sat one morning just before the Senate opened and listened to a coversation between Adams and Thomas Carroll of Carrollton. Adams persisted in speaking to, and treating Carroll as a baron, and expressed himself as being proud that he presided over a senate that had several ' ----- i iBemoers wno were oarons. .uacia.v was disgusted. It was all very natural, Englishmen would be Englishmen though transplanted in America, it was a reflection on them?they were good, patriotic men, but Maclay was from that strain of American." Providentially prepared in Ulster?he was a Republican, and the Republicans in the house saved America from ftping England. The women, however, were more obdurate than the men who espoused high sounding titles for the president; up to 1815 they applied "lady" and "her majesty" to the wives of the presidents. It was all in keeping with their racial train ing for centuries and certainly calls forth no criticism from my pen, but I do see a most wonderful and farreaching power in that blending of strains and preparation in Ulster ae it resulted in American Republicanism. From a religious po;nt of view w may trace the same ideals. English Episcopalianism, for example ir Charleston, was intolerant and worldly and ultimately established itself after the Revolution, as purely HigV Church, and therefore, 'sectarian, ir all of its practices and government while English Episcopalianism of Vir ginia was more tolerant if not mor< pious and developed into a non-sec tarian and a more spiritually mindec church, "Prayer-book Methodists' they have been called even to thi< day. The difference between thes< two bodies of Christians from th< same mother church is accounted foi in part from the fact that the colon ists came to Virginia at a much ear lier date than the Englishmen wh< constituted the settlement at Char leston. The cause, therefore, in part between the two bodies lies back ir the difference, at different periods ii English history, from a religiou; -l r mi i i pomi oi view, ine coiony aiso a Charleston was planned on a genu inely royal basis and maintained th< ideals of the gentry as opposed tc that of the common people. Again Virginia expanded more rapidly thar the Carolina colony. It had pushec out toward the mountains long be fore the Charleston colony had ceas ed to hug the Atlantic shore and kee] in close touch from every angle witl the mother country. The Virginian! in the northern part of the state cam* into contact with the Ulster strai: from Pennsylvania and also with immigrants directly from Ireland and : Scotland, and unconsciously absorbed . more liberal views religiously. Even - George Washington during the encampment at Morristown so express, ed himself. He visited Rev. Doctoi . Jones, the pastor of the Presbyterian ; church at that place and a>i<ed if it was permissible for communicants of other churches to commune with his . church, as he desired to partake of i the communion of the Lord's Supj'ei > c??i the following Sunday. ; The Presbyterian minister informed him that the communion was open t to ali who desired to partake of it ( without regard to church affiliation. "That is as it ought to be,*' replied I Washington, "though I am a member ?? of the Church of England I have no i j exclusive partialities." 'j My contention, therefore, is that 1; we may justly expect to iind English '! ideals and customs among people who j are of pure English descent and that '! this fact is modified by the class of Englishmen who dominate in social, religious and political affairs. The fact, therefore, that more duels were | fought in the South was due to the fact that a larger percentage of scions of the English gentry settled in the South than in Xew England. Therefore, "More duels took place in I South Carolina in a month than took j place in the rest of the country in a I year.*' The appalling practice of dueling, however, had its origin in 1 wrong conception of bravery which still prevailed in some measure and, ' -j? - -JVul + tT o nrvrpr iation of In6r0iorfy c* iduiitv ttff w.? .? personal honor. Brute courage wa?3 esteemed to be necessary to the highest tvpe of manhood. It was. therefore, the product of an erroneous conception of what constituted the essential attribute of a man of honor. Three causes, which led to these so ? o^oivj rif hnnor. were often Idiicvt aiiMuo v , trivial and the men who engaged in them were reputable citizens, not bad men, but men who were usually highly esteemed by their fellow men, i>ut alas! men who stained their hands with human blood .because they had a radically wrong conception of what constituted a real gentleman. They thought it wa? a dishonor not to hold malice in the heart and that to cultivate the passion of revenge for what they esteemed to be an insult, however trifling, was a virtue, and popular sentiment too often sustained them in their position, for the duelist was frequently lionized when he ought to have been frowned out of " * ti society. Many a good man ien, in the awful practice, who really in his teart must have felt the evil of the debasing code and was, therefore, the victim of public sentiment. It is said that Alexander Hamilton fought Burr in 1804 because he knew that if he refused public sentiment would consider him disgraced and that, therefore, his career as a public man would be at an end. It is humiliating 1" + +VlQTl ftTlP to realize mat up iu ICCO UilC*. 4 I hundred years ago public sentiment endorsed such barbarous ppracticcs. However, there is one redeeming fact connected with the practice of the code of honor; the women who op' nosed it were in overwhelming majority and duelists slipped away from their wives to the place of conflict like truant children. It is a suggestive fact that there is always some belittling and humiliating thing like that connected with every departure from the real standard of true gentility. It is evidence of the lack of genuine gentility in the heart of the victim of error. There were a numi ber of good women, however, who ali lowed their husbands to go forth to what they esteemed to be the field of honor in very much the same spirit i they let them go out to battle in their ? r>/snntrv'e Hpfpnsp. It seeYns to have ' v* j w w ?... _ : taken the world a long time to come to a proper appreciation of the true ? standard of honor and of what con stitutes a real gentleman. It is a de1 batable question as to whether it has yet arrived at such a conception of ? morality, equity and justice. How? ever, it has made wonderful strides >"3 .-iTirtQ -f-Via nave r>f nnv fathers. : | ujjwaiu oinvv, niv uuju - r The stamp of public approval, how ever, was the most deplorable feature - of the unmanly practice. It was a ) bid for the perpetuation of the crime. - A crow,] of idle swaggerers frequent, ed the inns, were loud mouthed and 1 frequently insulting at public gatheri ings simply to get the name of duel? !<sts. They felt that it added to their t social standing and was a cheap way - to secure public notice and approval i During the year? of the development ) of our republic when aH men drank, , and many drank to excess, the i thoughtless remarks of drunken mer 1 often led to this breach of good mor als. to call it bv no severer term. * - .Duelling, however, was not so com 3 mon in the Piedmont section of tin i state as in lower Carolina, because 1n?~ vaocq i ri tlio 5rtllt llpvr e jci Liic K??v, v- ~ 5 part- of the state and adhered morf a strictly to Old World customs thar - 1 1 , 11 1 -?ZT the Providentially prepared people who colonized the hills. The ScoLch Irishmen, however, were not ail saints, they drank and had their builies who gloried in a fight and thoroughly enjoyed a victory, hut the rencounter was usually a fisticuff. TTv t>rv old muster ground could tell of many bloody conflict??broken noses, bitten ears, gashed faces, chewed thumbs and mashed mouths, but there were no dead left on the Jieiii. They were, many of them, so called affairs of honor, and others purely contests for the palm of physical manhood. In fact, the people were so drunken with their victory over the mother country that they just seemed naturally to crave to v ia little personal victories over each other. Duels and fisticuffs continued to be practiced in the state up to the Civil war. They became less and less frequent in the closing years of .he first half of the nineteenth ceniury and were finally tabooed l>y the people. The weapon used 'jy the duelist was most commonly the long barrel dueling pistol. They were beautifully ornamented, kept in handsome plush cases, and tinaliy became me heirrooms of the families whose progenitors used them. They are the relics, not of a barbarous people, but of .? people who had yielded to a barbarous custom. i ' The Fisticuff fraternity left no relics behind them for they u-sed no weapons. The use of a rock, knife or stick was considered dishonorable and the man who resorted to artificial aid wao forever afterwards under the publi;- ban. They were not bad men but usually reputable citizens, like tVio rlmilict5 fviprnllv and ^eierhborlv but guided by a wrong ideal of irue manhood. Many of them were lifted - into a higher moral atmosphere with ; the incoming tides of the Gospel cf Christ and its handmaid secular edu, cation. Others wore their scars proudly when their steps were totter; ing, and even then their shrunken ; frames would straighten and their I eyes, dimmed with age, would brighten at the news of a fight. The incor i rigible passed out by way of the grave just as the old topers and drug fiends are passing out today. I The clergy, the school masters and ! the fruits of their labors, consecrated j men and women, have wrought won, derful changes for the better among the constituents of our old state and among the citizens of our republic. We should not judge the faults and . sins of our fathers harshly. One c-s ; sential rule of criticism in reading and studying God's own word Development. Men must be judged by , the standards of the day in which they lived and not by those standards j that have been the results of centuiries of progress and development. ; Their faults and wrong ideals of life may shook us, but we must remember j that a century of development has come between us and them. They were great and honorable men in i their day and would, perhaps, have i been greater than the men today if I : they had been given the opportunities which have been made possible to us through their agency, politically and morally. B1ELASKI MADE A THRILLING ESCAPE FROM CAPTORS ' Mexico Citv. June 20.?Escaping 1 / ' j from his bandit kidnappers after four .days of captivity, A. Bruce Bielaski. ' former head of the American depart: ment of justice's investigation bureau has returned to Mexico City. Covered with dust, unshaven and showing plainly the marks of his im' prisonment in the mountains of Morelos, Bielaski was taken to his apartment where his wife and a half dozen friends greeted him. His friends declared the former American official had escaped from hi.s captors at Tetecai, walking the SO to Cuernavaca. near which he was captured last Sunday while motoring. Jules Lacaud, head of the Mexico City banking firm which is understood to have furnished $3 0,000 for . the ransom on the order of Mr. Bielaiki's New York company, said he had been authorized to state that Bielaski eluded his captors before the money was paid. Biehski suffered no more ill effects than might be expected from four days of roughing it in the mountains. "v t* "i : , uozens 01 automooiies carrying Americans who since Sunday have ' tried to get In contact with the ban. dit s retured to the capital last night, i each person telling a different ver, cion of the affair and ascribing credit ( for Bielaski's safe return to severa i sources. Press diepatchos from Tampicc J quote W. P. Taylor, manager of the - Tnmpico branch of the Cortez Oil > company as confirming the capture 1 of 40 employees at the company's i Auada camp by the bandit Gorozave ? but do not state whether the ransom i has been paid. r I Let u> hope :ha (ieimany doesn't find <>u; th.i" we tutve reduced uui a! :ny to 'JOO men. I "Oets lt | -Painless ; Corn 1 Remover Thifi Corn Kemoyer Is Guaranteed. Throw ?*aj that danserou3 razor and plaster. Don't waste your time simply "treating1' that pestiferous, achir.gr corn! Get rid of it -with "Gets-lt." Remove it. Tke Safe, Sensible. Quick. Painless Corn Removpr?"Gets-it." Simply apply two or three drop3 of this favorite corn remedy and your pain from THAT corn ceases forever. Then in two ! or three days, if the corn has not dropped off. taie hold with your lingers and lift it off as easily as you peel a banana! You never enjoyed such instant, deflehtful relief from corn misery, you never utf&d anything so perfect as "Gets-It." It 1 never fails. | "Gets- It" costs but a trifle at any drue store. Money back guaranteed. Mfd.by E. Lawrence &<Jo., Chicago. To abort a cold and prevent complications take | ^loteLs The purified and refined calomel tablets that are nausealess, safe and sure. Vest Docket size. 10c: large family package^ 35c. Beware of imitations. ! as stbbnoTs j at seventeen 7IDAM Irnt- Tnnio Uotfop Uflr liflld liaf:'' Cinvu nun !UiliU hiimgo ti&J uiu nnui Feel Ycung Again, Says Daughter. 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Get Ziron at your druggist's, under a ! money-back guarantee. | 2N 9 "Your Blood Needs i & fift i| <a ^ w sra i Suffered Tortures For Years i Until Dreco The New Kerb Medicine Brought Relief. IInn'.lro:l> nf ir.p(lirinr>s arc advertised ' to cure rheumatism. ' 'i not ono is brinp1 : ... .V,. ntil.IJn fl ? '.Innreu f II rilisllr'd , lU'r. u> iuv v.. { y the new herbal remedy. Preco. ! '"I?reco is the !>"it rheumatism remedy i I have ever seen." declares Mr. a. P. 1 Pueketf of Greenville. S. C. j "It has taken i 1 the pain from my .' joints ;in<] I l'eel young and strong again. 1 suffered tortures tor years. 1 tri&l , everything 1 ever hoard of, but without result, until finally I discovered this " lif-rb medicine that really has relieved my terrihlo pains." Th*?re is no excuse for rheumatism. | ; People who have be.-n tortured for years, j yes. even so crippled that th?\V were | unalde to help th? ins<dves. fell how thev ! have been brought back to robust health 1 j through the mighty power of Preeo. , | Preeo aets with* speed. It brings its j relief quickly and pleasantly, and when this tak'-s place the soreness and pains ' " - dis ; J11 Ji'im ilLIU iuu>>?.n 9 v w.4.2??v - J ' | appear. I t>reeo is a. harmless remedy. but sure ' and certain. It is made f'roui tlie pure, natural juices of roots ::n?I lif-rbs and con' tains no mineral acids or daufteroua i metallic salts. IVreeo is sold by must good drugfUSt% and is bteUy reconiineaU NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT J wi:i make a fi! settlement of the -'Mi' of \V. Cradv Bedenbaugh j in the Probate Court for Newberry, , County, S. < .. on Friday, the 2St.h [ <Ia\ of July, 1922. :it 10 o'c loc k in | the forenoon and will immediately ; thereafter ask for my discharge rtjGu:ird!\n of said estate. XAXCY A. KEDEXBAUGfl, Guardian, j ; Xewberry. S. C. ; June 1-~th, 1922. NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT 1 I will make a final settlement of. I the estate of Frances Moore hi the / Vu. f f1 r\\i **? 1 I IVHMir v villi I VI .>? v.wtii V J S. on Saturday. the 22nd day of July. 1H22. :it 10 o'clock in the fore- ' i noon and wii! immediately thereafter ' ask for my discharge as executor of : said est at EBB IE T. MULYER, executor. Xt-v/' crry. S. C. Jum- 14th, 1922. NOTICE OF FINAL SETTLEMENT : I will make a final settlement of the estate of Maggie Propes in the Yo'^ite Court for Xewberrv County. S. < .. c" Friday, the 21st day of ,iu!y. ] at 10 o'clock in the fore:.o( r: nr.:] w*! 1 immediately thereafter a>k for tin' discharge a? Administrator of said estate. .Ail persons having claims against ;ne estate of Maggie Propes, de-, ~ J ^ "U r\ r?riT-\ \* v* /\f \ f: a A fn Fl I M t hP C't'iJIM'U, ciiC" Jtv. uv uuviiu u uv m * * \ v..^ r\nu\ iiuly vrineri, with the unders"??M'd, and those indebted to said' . e.Matr will please make payment Iikr*-! i w isc. j LEE AVERY PROPES, j Administrator. i Nov. berry, S. C. ; June i 5th, 1922. BIDS WANTED 1 The Highway Commission of New-1 .berry County wjll receive sealed oiae . . until 12 o'clock, noon, July 5, 11)22, i for the following supplies to be tie- ! live red at Newberry, S. C., from time I to time, as called for, during the ; months of July, August and Septem-i ber, 1922, and in the approximate! amounts shown below. Only bids on; all items will be received. Contract j let to lowest responsible bidder. Right reserved to reject any and all bids. 200 bushels feed corn. .300 bushels feed cats. 10 tons Xo. 1 Timothy hay. i 1200 lbs. fat back. 5 bbls. 1st Patent Flour, in sacks, j i 40 gallons Karo molasses. i 40 )b>. Luzianne coffee. 2 "? lor. rib bacon. ! 200 I:-<3. table salt. | CO bus. corn meal. 1 2 eases p<nk salmon, i 2 cases tr'pe. I 100 lis. Brown Mule tobacco. ) 2<)0 Hi.-, granulated sugar. .r)0 lbs. ham. ! 50 compound lard. | ? cases Octagon soap. I 4 A 1L~ j V 1 wjiuii* ?1 am xiwc. 1 case Star lye. 2 rior.cn lar^e size boxes matchc?7.: ! 1 case Rou^h Rider baking powder.! : 2 cases Arm and Hammer brand 1 ^ciia. I * j 1 keg mule cr.oes. , 10 k?f<r, naiis. 10's ar.d GO's. I 2 dozen pairs shoc-s?samples to be' : submit, ted. GEO. P. BOULWARE, Chairman. C-27-3t J \ For "fen D i \ Cents-91 r .: v * ff I^^WHE 30 x3^ ^ "?8 ^(4oTr ic inc I jr The mar I M%m%\ USCO at i w fied in believing tha ; 7 going farther in tire ' r ever has gone or coul > r Naturallv he apprc ; r ityofUSCb. That ^ r long ago. ! f It is still fresh in 1 f USCO led the nati( Y into the $10.90 pria F -) * * ? The makers of U. ? j r always intended the \ 3v^USCOtobetheh r est value in its field* f? At $10.90 it creates ? a neu> classification '7 of money's ivortk. A f United StatesTres M&I p are Good Tires P U.S.Tire Co. I ; 1 United I \ United States r Fifty thrte The OIJ Y j t jt tori* i Rubber Ur^ut | / ' ? Where Nw.bc, \ou can , '? uerry j I U.S.Tires: I Slimmer Camp For In The Mour Southern Rail1 I K7 , in wesrern no And North Accommod ations every feature of c education available | SUMMER EXCUi | Tickets on sale d turn until October allowed. For furtl apply to: S. H. McLE District Pas Columbia, S $24 65 Newberry fiHuni TO Atlantic Ci aess^Esaaa Via Southern Raih DATES OF June 28th, 1922?Souther I r\ u: ~ r> t> V^JliU I>JA. July G, 1922?Southern R Excursion Tickets good 18 Stop-overs permitted on ro Baltimore and Philadelphia \v' $25.85 ALSO Round Trip To Asbury Park, Long Branch, Sea Park and Spring A rare opportunity to visit For complete information ; S. H. McLean, DPA., Columbk ?Bars and Mine his 30 x3*Atfcco i tire situation ;t this? 1 who buys an $10.90 is justit his money is : value than it ^ d go before. dates the qua! States Tines $ (f$ Rubber Company r*t and T.arrest Ttro hundred and W,.. lijiUUn* m the World thirty-five b.vnc'icy >kk.fc.Vk^!t k. frk 8^. W >r Hardware Co., L. (I. Oxncr, Cannon Ai cCuilough Service Station, .1. ? !. Nichols, ne ?? AuLo Works, Boozer's Garage, lJros ~ " Boys And Girls ifaifis On Qxrcfiann vv ay kjj a iv 111 rih Carolina Georgia reasonable, and amusement and I *SION FARES aily, good to resist. Stopovers her information AN, iGenger Agent, i. C. ] ,S.C. $24.65 ?taanBBM t ?a ity, N. J. I csSXCASPSMBBSfffiLi MBMM? /vay System J SALES 7i Ry. and Baltimore & y. and Pennsylvania RR. days returning. turn trip at Washington, hln final limit of tickets. $25.85 j Round Trip A Ocean View, u Cxirt, Seaside Si Lake, N. J. these popular resorts. f! apply to Ticket Agts., or ?y / ] / A / A / A / A / A / A / * A / I / J F A 3?x3% | j tgCO j 1 7Wo War-Tax 4 charge#. \ A ito Service, Pomaria J:ts. K. Shealy, New ;perity Motor Co. *smHBraB=aammMeHMmHeeHHBe*?l