University of South Carolina Libraries
V <$><?> & ? <&<$ & <$> ?> ? <& <$> 3> ^ THE CRIMINAL > i ?> <? (By C. J. Ramage, Esq., Saluda, S. C., member of the Society of Foi*ensic Medicine.) The following article entitled: "The i?M i. ^ J 1 iL Criminal," was conirsouieu uy tat: Honorable C. J. Ramage, a prominent attorney of the Salu^n bar. He has presided several times as circuit judge by special appointment with signal ability and has given entire satisfaction to the members of the bar where he held the special court. Scientfic research has shown that crime stamps itself all over the body and face of a man in legible characters. The criminal is a being apart from the rest of the world in the estimation of men. We think of him with a 1 Shudder and look upon him with horror. And yet many men who are today living respectable lives are; fitted by nature to be criminals; and other men who were not so intended, are today servfrig out sentences for life or some less period. The reason is not far to'seek. The criminal by nature may by education, proper environment., and by religious influences arrive at a point at which he outgrows his natural bent; on the other hand thfe naturally normal man may in a, ritoment of passion commit some deed of violence that in a moment will j blight the remainder 01 ms uiuruu life. Let us take up the various phases on the subject as related to the criminal in :body and mind. The first phase of the subject that cails for attention is the head of the criminal. The head- is the motor - pbirtion of man, so to speak, and if ^ we expect to "find abnormal develop-) 'I I'.^M ^ ^ v | ment anywhere about the criminal, we shall look first at this most vital and important part. I have before me * ' ' * J-l- L. ? ^ Jr. WtAVI pictures 01. imrLy six neau? ui men i who have been at various times jail1 birds. None of them are perfectly normal. Viewed from the rear, top W or front, in every ca^e there is a j departure from what every day men exEibifc as to head structure. Thieves as a rule have heads that are noticeably small; while mtlrderers on the otheyr hand possess unusually large j heads. In many cases the criminal's; fie&d goes straight up in a line with j his back, does not project to the rear; , i!i $he usual way. That is typical 011 most of the' pictures now before me. j j The projection is in a very small de-^ gree observable, if at all.- !-, Another feature of the back of thejj held also appears in .many of the 1 ; J pictures; the upper division of the: i ^ rear of the skull appears to have been j Isa-^eS off. Most of the heads "are an-;, gular, show straight lines rather than circular. , Several heads develop a straight line from the point where \ the hair begins' on the upper pa^t of i1 the- iteck running to a sharp point op-j ? o?Air*r* *r. or?_ ! , posste me ej^cs, wicntc guuig n< cm-: other straight line to the top of the' i xhe&d, thence a straight line to thej top* of the forehead. In some cl >es the ' lines of the hariy part of the head v ap^pear to be triangular in shape. | \ Then there is the "sugar loaf" head, | f in jvhich the head appears to have: beeri tie<^ with a band behind the frontal bones to compress it around: an<? to force the swelling of the hem-| ispheres upwards and backwards.'; "When it is complete, that is 16 say,1 wh&i it presents a prominent base Supporting an inclined pyramid, more or less truncated, this head announc-; i es thfe- monstrous alliance of the most4 eminent of man, genius, with the j most pronounced impulses to rape,! - i * murder and theft." ! Along with these abnormally con- : structed heads we see that the fore-' heads are also deformed. Most of the l foreheads rise in a perpendicular l!n~ j (| * straight above the eyes. In most 1 } the other cases where this feature ; does riot occur, we see a large ridge, or protuberance just above the eyes ' from which the forehead recedes. The' Small receding forehead.is the other,' type. ' |i , Having viewed the heads, let us see 1 about the hair on that head. In all < , the pictures but cne, there was a full ' head of hair. This seems to be univer sally true; the hair is-abundant but J the beard is scanty in the criminal.1 type. Many heads have a wooly ap-! pearance, which is rarely the case among normal persons. The piopor-j tion of dark hair among criminals is j V greater than normal, except as to sexual offenders, where the light hair prevails. The criminal man does not turn gray so suon as uit? nurmai man, i whereas the criminal woman turns J gray sooner than the ordinary woman, j Having seen that the hair may furw nish a fair index to the nature of a ' * criminal, we wish to mark the peculiarities of the face. There is a marked predominance of the Square jaw among this unfortunate class. There, as in the case of the head we see the ^ contour approaching the lines and J angles rather than circles. This square! savage chin is found among the more j daring and dangerous offenders; hut' I * very frequently we have the receding jaw in petty violators of the law of the land. It has also been noted that among the insane the jaw is relatively smaller than among the sane. We frequently see cases of what has beofl called arrested upper and lower jaws. The projecting lower jaw also appears among criminals. Outstanding ears arc also frequently seen among this class. The nose is usually rectilinnnr Tho skin of the criminal class usually presents a* peculiar pallor, usually accompanied by deep wrinkles. Coming: to the body of the criminal we see that he is both lighter and shorter' than the average man. Some observers have found that the average criminal was about the size of boys envnn fdoil vpflrs of Hf? P. OiActt li IV/ C V. ? v.iiwvvii j ^ ? -0 - While some of the unfortunate class are larger and heavier than normal people yet the tendency is certainly in the other direction. In addition to bodily peculiarities we see that crime has a physiognomy of its own peculiar type. The born criminal cannot conceal this fact from a practical observer. The Romans said: "Little beard and little color, there is nothing, worse under heaven." The Tuscan saying was: "Salute from afar the beardless man | and the bearded woman." In addition to these characteristics the great law of heredity forms a parti cf this study. The Jews spoke of | visiting the sina of the fathers upon J those even to the third and fourth j generation. We see and hear of thisj every day in the case of certain repulsive and loathsome diseases. Very! often innate disposition is confused with social environment; but we must all admit that heredity is a powerful force.* Besides all these characteristics we see that criminals exhibit physical insensibility to a marked degree; in many cases they are apparently in-1 sensible to pain. Pain in many cases is a welcome -*rprise to the man addicted to crime. They do not seem to have any remorse of conscience but only fear of punishment." imuicidi r trivvtdidc nor.aw. V 10 1 JL>I_?i_< JLtlTll 11VJU IZING IN ANDERSON i? Knights of Ku KIux Klan Said to Be St&rting the Third cf Its Organizations in Anderson L I t Anderson Tribune. . * The second or possibly the third or?ahization of the Ku Klux Klan in this county has begun in this city, >vhere the forcfes of th'e Invisible Em pire are said to be very strong, "with i large number o? applications on the waiting list. Unofficial information has it that a chartered chapter or post Df the organization will soon be established here. .. Considerabde interest has' .been shown in Ku Klux developments since The New York '.Vorld and newspapers in different sections have published an "exposure" of the organization. About i a $ear ago there was some talk of the J Ku Klux organizing here, but the or- j ganization did not develop. During! the last few months an organization | is said to have begun here, and information received through unofficial sources indicates that the Ku Klux Klan has by no means been unsuccessful in Anderson. Large quantities of literature have been mailed to prospective members. Rumor has it that only men of the best character are invited to join and under no circumstances is anyene admitted except by unanimous consent of all IClansmen of the local post. Since the Klan has become a target for newspaper criticism, it is said to have grown more rapidly than before. A local man, who appears to hp sompwhat. of a statistician, an nounces that approximately 800,000 j persons are members of the Klan and ] that seventy five per cent or there- j abouts of the members are Masons, j A card passed to prospective members says: "Non Sil'ba set Anthar." """our friends state you are a 'Native born American citizen, having the best interests of your community, :ity, state and nation at heart, owing no allegiance to any foreign govern-] ment, political body, sect, creed or ruler, and engaged in a legitimate occupation, and believe in: viz: "The tenets of the Christian religion. "White supremacy. "Protection of pure womanhood. '"Just laws and liberty. "Closer relationship of pure Amicanism. "The upnolding of the Constitution of the United States. ,^"The sovereignty of our state right*. "The separation of church and state. "Freedom of speech and press. "Closer relationship between capital and American labor. "Preventing the causes of mob violence and lynchings. "Preventing unwarranted strikes by foreign labor agitators. * "Prevention of fires and destruction <?><$> $> <S> <?><*> $> C' > <? J ON "THE FATHERS." ' Greenwood Index-Journal, 21st * v <s <$><$ ' Mr. O. M. Buzhardt of Newberry had in yesterday's State an interesting reference to Charles Pinckney, learned editor of the Southern Review" to the effect that James Madison was a small figure in the great j Constitutional convention in 1787 'and that if any one was entitled to be called the "Father of the Constitution" that man was Charles Pinckney, member of the convention of 1787 from South Carolina. All of which is interesting and very pleasing to state pride. But what are we going to do with the statement of Bancroft, the historian, who said that George Mason of Virginia was the "dominant mind of the C-ons/tutional convention?" Bancroft was a New Englander but it would be rather hard to convince historians that he .was not as good a judge of the "Father of the Constitution" as Dr. Bledsoe. This George Mason of Virginia was a wonderful man, a neighbor of Washington, and a profound statesman. Dr. Gaillard Hunt, Litt. D., LL. I)., chief of the bureau of manuscripts, Library of Congress, through whose hands have passed more original manuscripts than any other man's says of George Mason and the Declaration of Independence, "The Original manuscripts in his (Mason's) handwriting in this library show beyond a doubt that, more than 'any other man, George Mason is entitled to be called the Father of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, and | he is its author, but ether men exj pressed its sentiments, and Mason expressed them in almost the words Jefferson used. Jefferson never laid claim to any originality/' George Mason, according to Bancroft, as stated above, was the "dominant mind of the constitutional convention of 1787" and wrote scores of clauses of the constitution. He wrote also the first ten amendments, it is stated. i And then there is James Wilson, of Pennsylvania, a signer of the Declar ation of Independence, as were theothers, and a member of the constitutional convention. He took a "foremost part in the debate! and he was one who emphasizecf the contention that sovereignty rested ultimately with the people rather than with the constituent states. He was a member of the Pennsylvania state convention and -vith Thomas McKcen secured the ratification of the Federal Constitution by that state, it is interesting to note that George Mason opposed the ratification of the constitution by Virginia because the federal constitution contained no clause providing for the freedom of slaves. He said that this would ultimately lead io war. Jamies Wilson^ speech on the federal constitution in the Pennsylvania state convention 'is still regarded as one of the clearest expositions ever made of the general character of the constitution. Of this and his other speeches in the two conventions, James Bryce, former. British amba> sador to this country, and an authority on government has said that "They disf&ay an amplitude and profundity of view in matters of constitutional' theory which place him in the front ranks of political thinkers of his age." Associate Justice J. M. Harlan contributed during his life time a most interesting and informing article to the same effect to the American Law Review under the title, "James Wilson and the Formation of the Constitution." Who then was the Father of the Federal Constitution? Bancroft says it was George Mason of Virginia. Jaimes Bryce and Associate Justice Harlan of the Supreme Court of the United States., intimate that it was James. Wilson of Pennsylvania. Dr. A. G. Bledsoe, as quoted by Mr. Buzhardt,, says it was Charles Pinckney of South Carolina.^Friends of Madison of Virginia claim the distinction for him. * There are those who claim that Wilson us?d the notes of Pinckney and so on. Judge Charles Nott, very effectively we think, disposed of the charge that Washington regarded Pinckney as a shallow politician, an of property by lawless elements. "The limitation of foreign immigration. "The much needed local reforms. "Law and order. "Real men whose oaths are inviolate are needed. i "Upon these beliefs and the recomj mendation of your friends you are ^ k A/i A A O ?lVCn 2,n opportunity iu ycvumt CA. member of the most powerful secret, non-political organization in existence, one that has the 'Most Sublime Lineage' in History,' one that was "Here Yesterday, Here Today and Here Forever.' "Present this ?ard at door for admittance, with your name, occupation and address." [insinuation made by a writer in the f i$ '{New York Nation. The detractor of R jPinckney quoted in part from a letter jof Washington to Madison, on J22nd of October, 1 7s7, written jiiot'lj |a month after the constitutional on S vent ion, in which the Father of his 9 {Country?no dispute as to that title? I 'says, ,4??Ir. ('. Pinekncy * is | unwilling to iose any tame that can'* ibe acquired by the publication of iiirs' sentiments." In other words, the in-jH jsinuation is that Washington regarded > jPinckney as a sort of JUd^e K. M.jfl jLandis with a bad case of "front! ?j !page-itis." Judge Nott shows, how-1 lever, that by the crooked omission,?' JH ishown by the asterisks, the whole of ji ; Washington's remarks were not given gj jand that he was merely making a)B .playful reference to Mr. Pinckney'sJ !views. He did not treat with indiiT- I jerence the draft of a constitution that'H was submitted by Mr. Pinckney on.B 'the 22nd of October. j| j WoodrW Wilson in his History of;S ; American People, has a brief refer- j I ence to the leaders of the convention B I of 1787. He does not even mention B iPinckney by name. He does mention! 63 ;amons: "leaders" John Rutledge of ;| South Carolina "who had become a;8 sort of dictator of its affairs in that a i state." He names George Mason, a j"best type of country gentleman of i S !Virginia" and James Wilson, "the S ! shrewd and canny Scot from Penn-,1 sylvania" and James Madison, who B .finally became the "director of the de^'H Dates. The truth is that the convention J gjj ,was about as representative collection j I of. "best minds" as could be had at fl that day. We do not know and never J ;wjll know who was the ^master mind" jB I?the "Father of the Constitution."!? j All had p. hand in it. We yield to noils lone in state pride or in efforts to up-!a held the glorious history of South Carolina and her many noble sons, *9 ,'but we do not believe in claiming too;B | much and too extensively. THE WONDERFUL SUNFLOWER | frmmnnnlarc Plant is Useful as Well ' n as Ornamental 'New York Herald. ; The sunflower,* although it original- ', 8 ed in this country, in the great plains, rS | is not used so .extensively here as in. 8 i some other counties, especially Rus- j ?j sia, in normal times. It is a long;!! . time since the pJjRffrt first delighted the; j| eyes of Europeans, being then culti-jg vated in the gardens of Madrid. The! g| ; early Spanish explorers' had f^ound itig in this country ajid taken it home with jH them. j 4 The plant was jitilized by the Am-,j| ! erican Indians lohg- before the days J of Columbus, KSgfcen Champlain vis-yB itcri the Georgian bay in 1915 he:B found the natives growing it and us- j Ig ing the oil for 3heir hair. It wasjB ! raised chiefly, hfyvever, for the food >11 j afforded by the sseds. # i In Russia the Seens have always been j p eaten in immen^er quantities, raw or!j| ^basted, at* peanuts are in this ccun-,B Try, and'the oil obtained by pressing j ll the seeds is an important article of in dipt.- Thr> frfmiont rnlifrious fast^ ! days in that country restrict the use . | of meat and lead to the consumption'; I 'of vegetable oil, and in normal times!? the manufacture of sunflower oil is al-: p ways of considerable dimensions. The; | best Feeds yield an oil which com- g pares favorably with olive oil. The seeds of the larger and finer H flowers are held to be quite equal to j |J most nuts in respect to palatability: K and wholsomeness. The stalks and I 3 dried leases arc highly prized for fu- fi 1 el, being in some parts of Russia al- B 'most the only available substitute foriH i wood. An acre of sunflowers will; n 'yield many cords of good fuel! ! ine q>i appears 10 possess mure ui ; h the general properties of olive oiljfi 'than takes about a bushel of seeds to make a gallon of oil and 50 bushels S of seeds can be grown on one acre of. S land. As the oil sells for more than; fl .$1 a gallon the profit is large. ; . j Of late years purified snnflower oil, B has been used extensively in the adul-. | te rati on of clive oil. It is of a pale i B J yellowish color and decidedly pala-jB I table. In a crude state it is used by, 8 painters to some extent, but it is in-i Sj ferior to linseed oil for use in paint, jn In addition to the oil from thejB seeds the stalks, when green, and thejfi j oil cake makes excellent fodder. ThejH ! fibre of the stalks, which is fine, sil-jg iky and very strong, also has a value.! g? ! Bal j In China it is woven into beautiful in fabrics and it is believed that by the! ?j use of the proper machinery it might ! be utilized most profitably in the j B : United States. 'ATLANTA POLICE LOOKING FOR CLINTON GIRLS |B | Atlanta, Oct. 6.?Three girls, seek- k 'ers of adventure, were being looked p 'for in Atlanta Thursday on advices fi ! xi? 4.? c r H 'irom tntfll" p<trcin& ill vuinun, u. u.) j g where they disappeared Wednesday jl after saying they wanted to see "At-la jlanta and the world." They were # j Claudia English, 10; Emma English,1? jl5, and "Babe" Peave, 1"). jfl c * * # 1 rr 1 " I Before you plac V Urn* for Letter Heac I Iritnrl nf Pririfinc with you. llf 1_. J. j?L we oniy cto 111 and our prices \fc7f* tiivn Ollf. vv V ^ / \ J&S? 1 1 / 1 \ * 3 i m ? J???????rwao?mamMmmmmwmmmac " \ :e your order | j let us figure I st-class work J are consistent I | (in iv ; ?.1 I nrnen rromisea \ I AT I