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I> SHADOW OF WAR W1LSOX COMKUtS EiiOii'li JtVti i'?Ati Thought Still Hopeful Administratioi Continues Preparing for Ev entuality of War. Washington, Feb. 4.?Besides break ing off diplomatic relations witn uer many, President Wilson has made i told stroke to range the moral forc< of all other neutral countries alon* with that of the United States in th< interest of peace. > The president has suggested to a! the other neutrals that they break of diplomatic relations with Germany as the United States has done and has In structed all American diplomats lr those countries to report immediate ]y how the suggestion is received The opinion in diplomatic quarter; her? is that European neutrais ai ui< very doorstep of Germany threatene< by her military power, will hesitate U take such a step. The effect of th< suggestion in other countries is bein? eagerly awaited. This was the only known develop ment of first importance which ,cam< ort of a day of tense waiting whict followed the actual announcement yes terday of the break with Germany. Ootid Dispelled. News that the American steamei Housatonic had not been sunk without proper warning ang tnai no uves imi been lost, dispelled a cloud which threatened the storm to follow the first overt act against the Unitec States under the new war zone order Still hopeful that Germany will noi ruthlessly sacrifice American lives oj rights, the administration is waitins developments, but leaving nothing un done to prepare the country for tht eventuality of war. The situation as to Austria torigh! is unchanged. There is no doubt, how ever, that diplomatic relations will In broken with her "When she announces her adherence to Germany's course Invitation to Centrals. ' The President's invitation to neu +r\ Ma ar?Hnn war fnn U c*li9 iv jlvkv n ww - - ? t&inefl in instructions to Americai diplomats to announce the break witr Germany to the governments to whicti they are accredited. It was contained in the following note: "You will immediately notify the government to which you are accred ited that the United States, because oi the German Government's recent an nouncement of its intention to rene^ unrestricted suomanne wanare nas no choice but to follow* the course 1?id down in its note of April 18, 1916 (the Sussex note). "It has therefore, recalled the American ambassador from Berlin and has delivered passports to the German ambassador to the Un:'teu States. Wilson Siitt Hopeful. "Say also that the president is re luctant to believe that Germany w*lJ actually carry out her threat agains; neutral comnicr^ bur *: it doii"; the president will ask congress to au thorize use of the national power tc protect American citizens engaged in their peaceful and lawful errands on the seas. "TVo fniiTco to ton in t Vi o nroci. dent's view, entirely in conformity witli the principles he enunciated in Lis address to the senate January 12, {The'address proposing a world lea gue for peace). "He believes it will make for the peace of the world if other neutral powers can find it possible to take similar action. "Report fully and immediately or the reception of this announcement and upon the suggestion as to similar action.' Still WOrfeinc for Thus it becomes apparent that in the shadow of war the president has not abandoned his efforts for peace and as the first step has moved to di rect the moral force of the neutral world to compel Germany's return tc an observance of international Ia~ at sea. The danger that bro*-m diplomatic relation* between United State; a2:-J German;* > ill develop into a State of war is by no means inininized' bj President Wilson's course and neithei lie nor other officials of the govern li'.cut a auauiii, liivh for any eventuality. Steps to protect American cities and property against attack by foreigu sympathizers are clay and night going forward actively, 'although silently Preparations to prevent the disabling of German war-bound ships in Ameri can ports are being taken, but the? are unannounced. The question o! convoying American ships on theli voyages to the submarine zone still is undecided, although the first im pression is to let American ships pro v ceed in a usual lawful way on the as sumption that Germany has beer warned tiiat an overt act means war May >"or Change Immediately. It is not impossible that the pres ?nt situation wjjl continue severa days before there are any evidences of whether Germany intends to hal "her campaign of ruthlessness before President Wilson's final demand foi respect of American rights, or wheth <er she will fniimv out her plan anc tflVo the consequences. Provision made in the new subma r i Ol'R WEEKS OF SESSION AS D A or ill AG I)ONE i 1 Columbia, Feb. 4.?= A itli four weeks ot the legislative session of 1917 con . j cluued, comparatively few of the 1 j measures ci State-wide ii.ipou c -: been taken up for consideration. The 1 - outstandins features of the session J i so far are the passage Oi Lxie uuu^ j dry prohibition measure by Mr. Rich l ey through second reading t)y the a house; the final passage by the house and sending to the senate of the i measure to reduce the legal rate of in E terest to six per cent., proposed by i xMr. Moore, of Abbeville, provided, _ however, that a special contract may i be made for seven per cent, per an - num; and the death in the senate of . the proposition to sutmit to the peo < Die the Question of equal suffrage for women. The Louse will reconvene at noon on Ttiesdav an:I the senate at 8 o' clock Tuesday night. The number ox tires suppressed on National Forest lands during tLe cal endar year 1915 was G.224, as against ,,0:s in and an average annual number of 4,759 during the past five years, says H.nry S. Giaves, Chic* ( " of the Forest Service, in his annual r> report just published. While more * I than the aveiage number of fires oc- * i curred the timbered area burned ov- 1 j er was but 15G.416 acres, or 30 per t i cent less than the average per year- i . for the period 1911-1915 inclusive, t t The average loss per fir? was $60.41. i ' Forty-four per cent of the fires were 1 z confined to areas of less than one- < - quarter of an acre. i i rine order for the safety of ships sCt sea at the time it was promulgated iuuy postpone the overt ao, vvmcn wodia oe an act oi v>ur. On tne otner iidiiU, it may come a*?y muuiem L,y iue iUtmess act, or even mistake. Ui- 'some suomarine commander. With relations severed and the country preparing to meet the next ocep as it comes, odicials are reflect in^ naur iir.nn the situaiion a.s it ai i'ects the case of peace and tiie situa tion of tne bem^eiems tueniaeiveo. Likely to Cement Allies. It see~us to ue acceptea ciiat tile action 01 tiie _ itiiilcd Elates will tend co hold" the Entente .Allies ...occx* LU=Cviior Li.aii e v or i^eiore ami aeier taik oi a separate peace ic -eerns to be accepted, tco, that the iupture definitely removes the United :Aates as the world's peace-maker .%iiit, ii cm the German point of vie ft: ( vir>n-n t*rvo v f\ I%T 1 n or A 1 A f U1 1w1 > ui u v/ k am. 2 Curiously enough, the German am- ' ^ bassudor several months ago express- r . ed the personal opinion that not Pres- . ; ident 'Ailson, but the King of Spain, , would be the man to 'iring peace to g the world. i Should it eventuate that all other ^ l neutrals accepted the president's sug- ( i gestion that they sever diplomatic re lations with Germany, the voice of . peace would have to come from the ' Vatican. I . Case of Austria-Hungary. Continuance of diplomatic relations I between the United States and Aus tria-Hungary was declared"*" here to > night to rest on a very slender thread, i a rapid exchange of views taking ^ , place in an eleventh-hour hope of saying an apparently hopeless situa [ tion. ^ Two reasons, the conditions in j which it would leave prisoners whose ^ ; interests are c^red for by the Amen ' can diplomats and the futility of any f'l rthr rnroiv fnpmo! ctnn m a to nfli cials loath to extend the break with Germany to '.Austria. America's moral protest against Cermany's policy of sea ruthlessness is felt to have been adequately driven home by the most serious step short of war that this country could take. Similar action against Austria is thought not to be justified unless Austria precipitates the necessity herself. Receives Formal >"c?iee. T Vrtll A Tim \ ? ? ? Avinr, r> Am bassy today rec-oived formal notifica tion from Washington to discontinue representing German interests in Great Britain. The B* 'tish Govern ment was advised that, ving to the severance of diplomatic ieiations, the United States has ceas'ed to represent British interests in Germany. TVip Tlpnartmont odvicoil tTio ' embassy that it had not yet been de- c I cided what neutral would be entrusted i with German interests in England. ? c . S At the Opera Honse. 1 . | It will be "The World Against Him" ? . j Tuesday at the opera housev as pro-., : i duced by the wonderful World Film ( 1 1 T j ivi uuiauuu. * Those who wish to see "The Iron j - . I Woman'' at. the opera house Wednes-j \1 day will have the opportunity of he j I holding the celebrated dramatic ar-i I i tiste. Nance O'Neil. in that motion i j j picture. J I r "Miss Ceorse Washington" is . j modern photoplay comedy in which I Daniel Frohman pre?pnt a little fav-| orite. Mareuente Clark, at the opera ' . house Thursday. ' VkiiS LITTLE ARTICLE AI AY IJE OF SO.UE iiliLi* TO 10{J The freezing of exposed, residence water pipes may be^t t-e avoi^eu l-y early cutting off the water at your yaru stop and waste cock; and then permanently opening all pi^e line ['auceis. If a gurgling or sucking sound is heard just as the faucets ire opened, you may know that air is necessarily being drawn into the pipes to replace the waste water which is draining through a little hole in :he side of your stop and waste, this hole having been automatically un covered just as ycu turned your stop md waste cock, which cock is a three svay cock. It is generally necessary to drain in inside tank only when the thermo neter threatens to fall c. nsiderably below freezing point; but to insure :he thorough drainage of your hot tvater >:ipe which leads frcm top ui aiik obcui a bucket of water shouid wU.I CI > 11 i: opuut i* iAiv.ii n .y should be at t:ie bottom of your ank. f.roves or ranges connected to un trained tanks may be used for or dinary cooking, provided the two cii - mlating pipes from tank to rire-box ire not frozen and the hot 'water pipe 'rom top of tank has been drainea md its faucet left open. Of course leaters are sometimes used without his latter precaution, but a hammer ing noise within the tank indicates hat the rising steam from the "slug gish" circulation within the hot-water Tont or back is beins: too suddenly condensed by cold water to 1-380 of ts volume; and that consequently ;yater is jerked into the vacuum thus nade and hence the hammering noise. When you feel that the temperature s low enough to make it advisable to Irain your tank and thus also drain he hot water front, you should satis y yourself that air has access to the op of your tank while the water !s -eing drawn off from the faucet be leath tank, else tlTe tank will not irnnorlt rlroin If the lower connection of the two 'irculation pires to your hot water >ont Cor hack, as the case may be) 3 in the lowest edge of said heating 'nvelope. then same will thoroughly Irain along with tank; and your incre may then be used for cooking m;]*r>Qcrc yro'"''''1'' }>o <v>??* 'rip'f. precautions are taken to see hat the water is not turned on while hot. Otherwise the worst (Xplosion wi11 A stop and waste cock properly ^'a^ed :.r> *? ; nnes to hot water front (or back) ?"lll <S*7rO*V Vf"' T ? nrrt 11 #?_ 'pr of an evplcsion: and will also save 'onr hot water front from bein? racked by the 1-9 expansion due to * re. Tf it should happen that you do not 'et to turn your water off until pipes ire already frozen, then do not build i fire in your stove until tank is dis onnected from your heater, or until nres are thawed. Since water at 39.2F !s "smaller"' ban at any other time, it is conse {uentlv then heavier; so we see why vater freezes from the top dawnward^ ifter the whole becomes of the heavi ^ *A? x ^ ? lrttTAw +V> ATI O'rATirQ :T aensuy uit tup ia^ui iii^u :older and freezes. Hence the top >f a par.tly drained hot water front rill be solidly sealed over with ice md as the remaining water freezes it iften will expand sufficiently to crack our back before breaking the top aver of ice on top of said undrained vater. Consequently we reason that before urchasing a hot water front, we hould see that it is the kind that has ts entrance ripo pt t"io v?rv 301IU 111 saiu Cxi v eiupc, d\j m nay be perfect. We beg to call your attention to he fact {hat a curb cock is not a rrainase cock and that consequently t* wi'l. if ftinned. jsrn?a -then tcoy it is against the ordinance f the town for you to turn the street *.cck. So please call up the Water A'orks Department before such a hing is attempted. If we can be of my assistance to yen. ^batever. we vil! certainly take pleasure in doing r.:r best. Respectfully, H. W. S. i \frs Annie L. Rembert received at ler home in Richland street yester [ay aftemoon from 5 to 7:30 o'clock n compliment to Mrs. Alan Johnstone >f Newberry and to Mrs. Junius T. .,iles of Orangeburg, wives of two >rominent legislators. Senator John stone is chairman of the senate com nittee on agriculture and Mr. Liles is chairman of the ways and means com nittee of the house of representatives. ?The State. More than l.'OO.CPO ^lootr'c stor i%e batteries are used in automo-^ ,'iles in tae United States. csii'.'es ?iiu ujuuiiut.iu seen invented for reruns working n water or damp placos */ <?- ^ \*/ <-y * - 6 c THE IDLER. ' / ? $ ?r ^ v <?> ^ <s> ? <?<?><?> $> 3> <?> ^ Thai ietter that I quoced in my last ?3aid something about send.ng me an article, '.Now and Then, or Then and Now," and I forgot to refer to it. I nave read it over, ana i nna 11 is written by Mr. J. G. -Clinkscales, I think the same fellow who is a pre- j .estor at 'A'offord collpge. and was last year a candidate for governor, or rather I should say was a candi date some two or more years ago. 1 You know, as we grow old, time gees away so fast that we can scarcely keep track of it. Well, to tell the truth, I don't try any more, for it makes very little difference to me It I do grow old, for I had rather grow old than not to grow at all, and, you know, you can grow old in years, and not be old either, for years do not, count in the life of a real and live human being. It is deeds that count. Some one wrote a pretty little poem about this once, but somehow I just can't right now call it to my mind, but you all remember what it is, an<l I would be glad to have some of the city school children send it to me, But, ge, haven't I got away off the subject. Well,, somehow I just cant help it. But that article that I was talking about is a pretty good one, CtiiU 1 CL ULL aoxviiig ciX V/UitU! cvy VU|/ J it in tlie same issue that he prints mine. But the way, there is just one or two things in that article that I want to call to the mind of some of my modern day educational enthusiasts and here is one of them: "In those 1 days the college hero was the best declaimer, the strongest debater, or the finest linguist. Now the boy in ' knee breeches plodding his way to school dreams of going to Wofford some day. He hears of the college hero. He's not an orator, or a nn gist, as in other years, but the dandi- 1 est Right Tackle, Full Back or Cen- 1 tre Rush; the swiftest pi.cher, the surest -catcher, the nimblest short ' stop, or the safest fielder. Then, what will he do in the class room? or what kind of speaker is he? were the questions asked of a prospec:i\e Freshman. Is he an athlete? A foot tall or baseball man? is about the only questions asked of a young man known to be preparing for college." i Of course this gocd doctor was writing about the college days ot tne long ago and abo:it Wofford collcge. < And' there lias been a change, and a j great change, and he man who now ] does not favor all these modern i things that make the great college 1 man, is out of date and I reckon 1 am out of date. I well remember ; when I was young how I longed to 1 go off to college. I had an idea that I wanted to go to a college in Penn- < sylvania, but I never had the op portunity. And then I wanted to go i to Newberry college when it was at Walhalla and I remember that I went there once to a commencement, ana when I heard those boys make their speeches, and deliver their debare. that I longed to be able to make a , speech. I never thought about base ball and football, because I had haa a sufficient amount of that kind of work on the farm plowing a mule ana splitting rails, and I was wanting to find something besides physical la bor, and I reckon if they would call the S2me kind of hard work that the boys do now in baseball and football plowing a mule or splitting rails or some other useful and helpful labor, they would spurn the idea of doing such menial things, but they will break their noses and their arms and get full of dirt anrl ail mat sort or thing at baseball and football and be called great college men. This, in order to develop them physically. Weil, if Dr. Hirms or seme other col ino-o wo:-Id p,:t the boys to plow ing a mile in a "new ground,'' they von Id soon get a good amount of phy ?iral training, and would be able to eat collards and bacon and sleep like a babe at night. Then, it was only one or two boys from a rural com munity who would be able to go to rollege, and I remember how I would look at fhese boys when they would ccrre home for the vacation, and al most envy them their good fortune, and wish that I could go away to college. They were the heroes of the community from which they went. And I have not much of the spirit of envy in my make up. because I want to see every one do well, and if he is doing better than I am I am glad for him. and feel soroehow that maybe that his good fortune will help me in some way. Now - the rule is for all the boys and girls to go off to college. 'Well, i am giaa mat, it is, and I wish every one of them could ?o. if it would do them any( eood, and mate better men and wo-j men of them, but sometimes unfor tunately it. does not. And I wish fbov would think a little more about j beins: a bolter debater and a better! writer, instead of quite so much of; tbe tbiners of which the .eood nrofen-, sor writes. I do not know what they J i.il mean, but I am guessing that 6ome of tee terms lie used are lootbal) terms. ?0? 111 tell you the kind of education we need. It is an education that gives us more culture?not the kind that Kittie got that takes us away fiom the things that make for a bet ter and a happier life?but the kind that will make us at ease and happy in the surroundings which count for real living. And we need to cultivate more manners, and instill more cour tesy and more altruism?I reckon that is the word?any way that thing which will make us have more regard tor the^, feelings and rights of the other fellow. That will take out of our natures some of that supreme selfishness of which we all have a superabundant supply. But, you know, the college now that does not have a star baseball and a star foot bail team had ju6t as well close iia doors. It can't compevs with the other institutions, and the average boy does not care to go to it. It s the thing that counts. And I reckon its all right and in keeping with the spirit of the age. And yet, do you think they are developing any finer specimen even of physical manhooa or womanhood than we used to have, and I do not see how it is expected that these things should develop any finer ideals. And, by the way, I received the following letter the other day. 1 am going to quote it in full, and I am not going to comment any further on it than to eay that this fellow 13 about rignt m wnat ne nas 10 say. Manners is a mighty good old En glish word and I would advise some ?all? of our school teachers to get down the big old dictionary out of the school library and teacii'all the chil dren the true meaning of the word. A. whole lot of 'em need to learn not only the theoretical meaning of the word ftut the practical meaning. Read this: Dear Mr. Idler: I read your soliloquies or what ever ycu call 'em. Yours of Tuesday on education is pretty good, but 1 want to tell you that there is another kind of education that is sorely neg lected. The training of children in T-.".nr.er Go anywhere or any place whe"o there are young people ana ' e nv unmannerly they ac\ How *?~"0 tbf.y are to their elders and parents. Go to any passenger station where young people gather and just look on. You will be dis gusted. You will see young men puffing ciearette smoke in the faces [>? the young women and all of them giggling 3nd -ally gageing in the most indifferent way. They use lan cruace mat is astounding, eqnai a.most to the slums of the city, which some times it seems they are trying to ape. Yes, there is an educat;on that does not consist cr "hook larnin' *' that is just as necessary, and you ran ?ret it at home. Gentle manners becrmee all, but how few adorn them selves with them. Old Fogy. I see from the papers that Mayor TV*-4rrV>+ lioo 11 O/-? that TY. c" that several citizens are talking about some of the improvements that are needed in this good old town. There" 3hould be a rousing meeting of the citizens at the court house on Tu esday night. And they should not be afraid to speak out and say what they want and tell the city council to go ahead and do something that is worth while. This is going to be i good year, and the town should get L?usy and lead the procession. The tvar will be ov^r soon, now that the aermans have decided to blockade ;he shipment of provisions and sup plies to the enemy so far as they may 3e able, and they will likely be able to do a whole iot along that line. I'he wonder to mo has been that they lid not do some-ting like this long 1^0. It makes me tired to he^r peo ple prate about civilized warfare. Who ever heard of a civilized war. War is nothing but what Sherman 2<ii!GG 11?HCiJ. .liili j uu v;un t anything else cut of it?that is if i nave any idea c:' the meaning of thai svord. THE IDLER. HIE SAM NANCE TRIAL ONCE >10RE POSTPONED There was one trial in the ca^e of Rev. Sam Nance, charged with assault ana oattery auer uie suuucu ucaw of Willis Griff.n, colored, at Helena. The hearing wa3 before Magistrate Douglas last Friday morning, the fol lowing citizen? being on the jury: F. C. Sligh, foreman; Robert Hutch inson, Jno. w. Taylor. J. L. Long. Owen Holmes. Hagood Clary. The accused was defended by Messrs. Geo. B. Cromer and H. H. Blease. Mr. C. H. Blease appearing for the prosecu tion. The case resulted in a mistrial. There will be another trial of this case, the time for which "has not heen p?r. owing to engagements of the at { ?r>ovs ?n1 other unavoidable cir fjustances. PRESIDENT TELLS tOAtiiiESS OF BIIEAK Speaks of Action Which May an^ I'nited States into World ConilkW ?Warns Kaiser Ruthless ^acritie# of American Lives and Rights Meant War. Washington, Feb. 3.?The severanc? of diplomatic relations with Germany was formally announced to the coua try and the world by President Wil son at a joint session of congress at 2 o'clock. The United States now stands om the verge of war with all the historic precedents of centuries pressing it forward. P'ervently invoking the guidance of Almighty God in the step HeTias tak en, President Wilson detailed to the congress why the United States should not continue relations with a warring power which repeatedly invades Amer ica's sacred rights and takes the lives of its citizens. Calm with a sense of right in what may prove the most somber moment of American history, the president stood in the historic hall of the house of representatives and with senators and representatives before him spoke the words which may carry the conn . try into the world conflict, not for I aggression and not for power; only { for law and humanity. j Silent and attentive, the grim cora j pany of the nation's lawmakers lis 1 tenod with rapt attention while Presi dent Wilson told of America's course , in the now unsuccessful diplomat!? I strueele to dissuade Germany froM ! her campaign of ruthlessness. President Wilson's Speech. The president spoke as follows: "Gentlemen of the Congress: | "The Imperial German Government ! on the 31st of January announced te this government and to the govern ments of other neutral nations that on and after the first day of February* ! the present month, it would adopt a j policy with regard to the use of sub : marines against all shipping seeking to pass through certain designated areas of the high sea3, io which it is clearly my duty to call your atten tion. "Let me remind the congress that on the 8th of April last in view or the sinking on the 24th of March of the cross-channel passenger steamer Sassex by a German submarine, witn out summons or warning, and the con sequent loss of lives of several citi zens oI the United States who were passengers aboard her, this govern ment addressed a note to the Impe rial Government in which it mj.de the following declaration: "if it is still the purpose of the Imperial Government to prosecuie re lentless and indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce by the use of lier submarines without regard to what the Government of the United States mast consider the sacred and indisputable rules of international law and the universally recognized dic tates of humanity, the Government of the United States is at last forced" to the conclusion that there is but on? course it can pursue. Unless the Im yvi ICLi UUICllJUl^ul, ^uuuiu uu .. mediately declare and effect an aban donment of its present me-.hods of submarine warfare against passen ger and freight-carrying vessels, the Government of the United States can have no choice but to sever diplomat!* relations with the German Empir# altogether. Germany's Assurances. "In reply to this decision the Impe r'al German Government gave this government the following assurance: " 'The German Government is pre pared to do its utmost to confine the operations of war for the rest of its deration to the fighting forces of the belligerents. thereby also insuring the freedom of the seas, a principle upon which the German Government be lieves now. as before, to be in agree jnpn* with the Government of the'Unit ed States. "'The German Government prided bv this, notifies the Government of the United Strt.es that the German naval 'r'-rr-s have received the following or "'In accordance with' fhe srenera'i vi?it and search for the destruction of merchant vessels recognized hv inter national law. such vessels, both with in and without the area declared as naval war zone, shall not be sunk without warninsr and without siting human lives, unless these shins at tempt to escape or offer resistance. " 'But.' it added, 'neutrals cannot ex pect that.Germany, forced to fight for nv:*S, :MI?L1I 1UI uic aaivc ui neu tral interest restrict the use of an. effective weapon if her enemy is per mitted to continue to annly at win methods of warfare violating the rules of international Taws. Surh a demand would be compatible with the charac tpr of neutrality, and the German Cov^rnrrrnt ronvir^pd th^t the r^nyornment of thp T'nitp^ ftat^s does not fnirj^ of ma'nrs: ?nen a <iemanu, kriowine that the Oovernrripnt of the United State? has rereat^ly declared iCONTIttUED ON PAGE 2).