The herald and news. (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, September 08, 1908, Image 1
-t~!~ 31--~1~4%~
VO LVN.72 NEWBERRY, S. 0., TLTESD AY. SEPITEMBEE 8.1908. TIFAWE.$.0AYA
CLEMSON IS OVER ULL.
Many Applicants Have to Be De
nied Entrance-The Dismissed
Cadets Will Come Back.
Anderson, Sept. 3.-Col. Alle
Johnstone. chairman of the boar
of trustees of Clemson college wa
in Anderson today en route to hi
home. in Newberry from Clemso
where he has been attending a meet
ing of trustees. He said that 1,00
applications for admission had bee
received at the college and that th
college capacity with the new doi
mitory is 718. About 250 of tih
300 dismissed cadets of the Apr
Fool escapade have -applied to th
discipline committee for admissio
and 225 of the applications have rc
ceived favorable action.
The conduct of the cadets befor
dismissal is guiding the disciplin
committee in determining the dispo:
al of the applications. The cadets t
be readmitted will be required t
stand examinations for advancemen
with their former classmates an
they will also be required to sign
contract declaring that they wil
abide and be aoverned by the rule
and regulations of the college.
CAN ALAN JOHNSTONE
HOLD AS CLEMSON TRUSTE]
Interesting Question Raised by Hi
Election to the Senate-Is Lif
Trustee Such an Office as the La
Contemplates.
Greenville News.
Columbia, Sept. 4.-The old que:
tion as to the right of a member o
the legislature to hold the office o
elective trustee of a State college i
very likely to come up again at th
next session of the general assembli
It is a question that should be set
tied once for all.
At the last session of the genera
assembly, Mesrrs. John G. Richard<
Jr., and Coke D. Mann, both mev
bers of the house, were elected trw
tees of Clemson college. They hav
both now been reelected to the -hous
of representatives, and it is a seriou
question with many who have looke
into the subject whether they ca
hold both positions.
Mr. ALrm Johnstone, who has bee
elceted to the senate from Newberr
is a life trustee of Clemson unde
the will of Mr. Clemson, and it
held that* his status is different fror
that of Messrs. Richards and Mani
but the issue was raised against hir
in the campaign in Newberry.
The law requires all officers c
the State to be commissioned by th~
governor but with few exceptions th
trustees of the State colleges do ne
trouble to get commissions and iti
thereby implied that they do nc
consider themselves officers of th
State. At some time a serious ques
tion may be raised in this respec
and it will be well enough to hav
the whole matter decided by som
competent authority in time.
The meeting of the State board (
education today will likely be ti
last meeting under the administrm
tion of Supt. Martin, as it is fr<
quently necessary to hold a -meetfr
in January or in December befoi
the new officialg come into office. TI
governor may at the beginningc
the year have two vacancies on ti
board to fill by appQintment. I
Mr. W. J. Montgomery is elected t
the senate from Marion, he w1
Sdoubtless resign from the State boar
of education, as that has been ti
ustom if not the law. Prof. A. I
Banks who has been on the boar
longer than any other member, he
removed his residence from the fift
but that may not legally impair h:
right to hold his seat on the boar<
He i; in close touch with a larg
part of his district from here.
There are 262,000 Sunday school
in the world, with something like 26
000.000 pupils.
What tree is of the g.reatest in
portanee in history? The date.
St. Louis reports a case of hypn<
tinm over the telephone at a d11i t
of 150 miles.
BREAD FROM AIR.
- The Modern Miracle of Inventive
Science.
"A prodigal world is beginning to
,I discover that it can not indefinitely
continue to despoil the stores of na
e ture without taking thought for the
. morrow," writes Mr. L. G. Chiozza
Money, M. P.. in the London News,
1 "Forest, mine and prairie have been
a ravaged until in respect of many
different commodities world scarcity
n has made itself felt at a very early
period in the age of machinery. Fifty
[1 years of wanton waste are beginning
y to tell; fifty years more would mean
o world famine.
"Of the problems of reparation
which have arisen, none is more im
portant than the nitrogen problem.
r Without nitrogen flesh cannot be
formed; without nitrogen man is im
d possible. With the preservation and
e rapid multiplication of men the call
n for nitrogenous foods has led to the
rapid exhaustion of soils andl manure
e beds. The soil of the old world de
e mand payment in nitrogen before they
yield a crop. America has got rid
of the available nitrogen in great
n tracts of her lately virgin soil. The
world's guano 1)eds are p)ractically
n exhausted. The nitrate deposits will
e 1)e in the same condition within the
lifetime of many now living. This
n ! while the wo(rld's mouths to be fed
are always increasin-, in number.
I "Fortunately forin mankind, science
e is proving equal to the occasion. The
daily loaf. endangered by the arts of
business, is to be preserved for us by
the arts of the labaratory.
"Several scientific processes claim
1 our attention in this connection. First
let us note that Prof. Ostwald and
Dr. Brauer, two of the brilliant
chemists whom Germany produces so
r prolifically, have made it possible to
produce nitric acid from the ammon
iacal liquor of gas and coke works. It
is impossible here to detail the techni
cal process, but it consists essential
ly in the decomposition of ammonia
vapor by patinum. It is a bautiful
method, which depends upon the ex
k posure of the ammonia to the plati
num for 1-500th part of a second of
e time. If the exposure were longer
than this unfixe nitrogen would be
created, and, ef course, lost. The
- ammonia vapor has to pass like a gale
t of wind, so that ~decomposition goes
Sfar enough to produce nitric acid and
Y not free nitrogen. The area of the
r decomposer used is but that of a tea
tcup, but it produces 200 pounds of
e nitric acid in a day. The production
t of nitric acid from ammonia has been
y known as a classroom experiment for
n sixty years, but the Ostwald-Brauer
k process is economical, and gives cheap
e nitric acid.
e''Not thus alone is the scientist
Iproving himself master of the situa
e tion. Even more fascinating are the
d methods employed for utilizing the
Snitrogen of the air.
''Air is a mechanical mixture of
oxygen and nitrogen. 23 pounds of the
Iformer and 77 pounds of the latter
making 100 poundls o air. We have.
n then, but to manure the soil with air
and the thing' is done. The farmer
can do0 it quite easily--after the scien
tist has shown him the way. Before
- the scientist finds out the way, how
ever, your practical man will make
t certain caustic references to 'dream
-ers.' 'faddists' and 'cranks' if you
-. talk of turning air into quartern
Y loaves.
''In Norway, at this moment, with
e th aid of French and German capi
0tal, the power of great waterfalls is
t being used to pi-oduce nitrogenous
manure from air at >rices low enough
for commerce.
1'' The process used in Norway is
.that of Birkland andA Eyde, which
t employs the electric furnace. The
ai sled into the furnace and sub
Smitted to an electric disk Dlame with
a diameter of ab)out 70 inches. Sweep
e ng this terrific flame on both sides,
rthe air is momentarily heated to a
point at which the nitrogen is oxidiz
e ed. Immediately the gas coming from
h the furnace is cooled down to avoid
loss otf nit rozen. and led over lime
stone sp rinkled with water. witlh the
NEWS FROM EXCELSIOR.
New Phone Line -School Closes
Picnic and Addresses on
Education.
1 Excelsior, Sept. 7.-Our schoc
d closed Friday.
s Mr. J. D. Lorick has made som
s improvements on his dwelling housi
1ik Our people are busy picking cot
ton. The crop in this section wil
5 not be much more than one half of
1 yield.
e Miss Annie Singley is visiting i
Utopia section.
e The Rev. Ira S. Caldwell wi
I preach in the school house the earl
e part of this week at night up t
n Wednesday night service to con
- mence at 8 o'clock sharp. Public coi
dially invited, to the services.
e We still have a few cases of feve
e in this section.
Prof. J. S. Wheeler had a goo
o horse to die Thursday night. Th
o horse was lying in stable dead whe
t he- went to feed Friday morning.
d The phones were put in on th
a new line Friday and our people ar
1 now calling out for central.
s Miss Mamie Co(unts has been eleel
ed principal of the Mt. Pilgrir
school for the next schoiastie year.
Mr. Anmerle Loriek came lp frut
I Trmo 'rid" \n was at the pieni
lhere Saturday.
s Miss Rosalee Wheeler is visiting i
e Newberrv.
l Miss Maggie Bonner. of Pelzer, an
'h1s Rosa Spence. of Newberry. hay
been visiting Messrs. E. M. and T
B. Cook's families.
Miss Ollie Counts will leave th
14th of this month for Marion, Vi
inia, where she will attend schoc
e another year.
The Rev. 0. B. S1carouse preacli
ed an interesting ermon at Mt. Pil
grim church Sunday morning afte
L which the comnr.union was admin:
tered. The sermon was principal
to the young folks and ought to d
good.
e Excelsior Farmers' union wi
e meet at the school house next Sal
s urday afternoon. 12th, at 2 o'cloe
d sharp. Each member is asked to b
n present as business of importanc
will come before this meeting.
1 The weather on Saturday mornin
y was very threatening for rain, ho'w
r ever, this did not keep the people t
.s home and a good crowd gathere<
early in the morning to enjoy a da
', of picnicing. Owing +o the weathe
a the committee in charge thought
best to hold the ,gathering on tb
fschool grounds and we all though
e the committee had acted wisel
e when the occasional showers of rai
tbegan to fall. Mr. J. D. Stone's oa
.5 erove was first selected as the plac
i and would have been nice had th
e weather been favorable.
-The Rev. J. A. Sligh one of th'
t speakers of the day was sick an
e unable to be on hand which was ver
e much regretted by the audience a
Mr. Sligh is a good speaker and a
fways has sonaething good to say.
e Prof. J. B. O'Neall Holloway, ai
other one of the speakers, was o
Ihand and made a good long addres
on edcto and agricultural inte:
e ests. Mr. Holwyi odspeal
er and don 't seem to tire in talkin:
eProf. J. S. Wheeler the other speal
Ser for the day was also on hand bi
o only made a few remar'ks and intri
[duced Mr. Holloway to the audienc
d This closed the exercises of the da
eand next thing in order was dinni
and tihe table in the little oak gro~
dInear the railroad was soon filled t
over flowing with ni'e eatables au~
hsuch things as the good ladies in th
ss section know how to prepare for p1
m.ni occasions being plenty for a
epresent and a good supply left ove
jThe afternoon was pleasantly spei
in talking and singing in the schot
[shouse while the occasional showei
of rain fell.
ood lemonade was furnished ti
peole to drink and keep cool by M
1. D. H. IKibler which was much ei
oed. Notwithstanding the rain tli
pienie was well attended. very mue
njy ed and will long he r.em embere
e by all prset So mo' te it be.
Sio-n.
saltpeter, is obtained. It is a scien
tific triumph which looks prosaic
enough when the stuff leaves the fac
tory in wooden barrels.
"In another direction, also, science
is operating in order to utilize the
boundless stores of atmospheric ni
trogen, 75,000,000 tons of which are
suspended over every acre of land.
"About twenty years ago Hellerei
gel showed that leguminous plants
(known from ancient times to fertil
ize the soil in which they grow, and
always therefore grown in rotation
before corn) obtain their nitrogen
from the air, and that bacteria, living
in nodules or tubercles on th; roots
of the plants, are the media by which
the nitrogen is obtained.
"This line of investigation was con
tinued until a culture of the root or
ganism was obtained by Beyerinick,
and named the bacillus radicicola.
Prof. Nobbe of Germany failed in an
endeavor to prepare the infective cul
ture on a large scale, but in 1901
the United States department of ag
riculture took up the work, and by
1903-04 the State lep rtment was
sending out tens of thousands of
packages of prepared microbes, at
first dried on cotton wool, but now
isued in liquid f rm. In 1005 the
reports showed that 74 per cent of
the trials were sueee tl.
In the am;e veair our own board
of agriculture took up the matter.
They got samples from America and
Germany, distributed them, and as a
result reported that the matter was
still in an 'experimental stage.' And
there. unfortunately. they dropped it.
Fortunately Prof. Bottomley. the
botanical professor of King's college,
London, has continued the work
which our board of agriculture did so
badly and laid down so quickly. Dur
ing 1906 and 1907 a thousand pack
ages were distributed here for testing
I urposes. and so far most of the re
silts have been successful.
"It should be clearly understood
that the bacterial culture is not a
manure. What it does is to add to
the soil organisms which breed and
multiply on the roots of a legumain
ons crop and enable it to grow in a
soil which contains little or no nitro
gen. After the leguminous crop, of
course, the succeeding crops benefit.
After the doctored clover the wheat
flourishes. The poorer the soil the
more marked the effects. With the
aid of the culture peas have been
grown luxuriantly even in cinders.
''The sci'entist appeals to the gov
enent to take up the tools of sci
ence. The United -States agrieultural
department is distributing bacterial
culture free, and cannot cope with
the demands for it. Our own de
partment, after tinkering with a few
imported and in some cases, dead cul
tures is doing nothing. It is little
money that is needed, but poverty is
the excuse pleaded, I understand, by
the department. Prof. Bottomley
tells us that waste land can be me
laimed and made fertile for sixpence
an acre, and as he puts it.'ean we af
ford to neglect such possibilities of
national wealth?''
FISHERMEN'S SUPERSTITIONS.
Dancing ror Salmon-Words to Be
Avoided When Baiting a
Hook.
In British Columbia the Indians
ceremoniously wvent to meet the first
salmon and in flattering voices tried
to win their favor by calling them all
chiefs.
Every spring in California the Kar
aks used1 to dance for salmon. Mean
while one of their number secluded
himself in the mountains and fasted
for ten days. Upon his return he sol
emnly approached the river, took the
first sahnoni of the catch, ate some
of it and with the remainder lighted
a sacrificial fire The same Indians
laotriously elimb)ed to the mountain
top after the poles for the spearing
booth, being convinced that if they
were gathered where the salmon
were watching no fish would be
eaughit.
eywid1espreaCd, in fact, is this
natve elif of tenecessity of cn
ion whenever Adam is on fishiing
bent.
In .Tapan ammog tihe nrimitive race
2'J. EPPS
Gen'l1Manager Southern Bel
The Atlanta Constitution
are doing things in Atlanta.
stitution The Herald and Nea
Brown which appeared in th<
Mr. Brown is a Newberry co
in Atlanta, and is now the g
ern Bell Telephone and Tc
always pleased to note the
We congratulate Mr. Brown
rnade.
of the Ainos even the women left at
home are not allowed to talk lest the
fish may hear and disapprove, while
the first fish is always brought in
through a window instead of a do>r
so the other fish may not see.
The Esquimau women of A!aska
never sew while the men are fishing,
and should an.y mending be imp)era
tive they do it shut up in little tents
out of sight of the sea.
Under no circumstance on the
northesat coast of Scotland will a
fisherman at- sea mention eertain ob
jects on land, such as "'minister,.'
'kirk."' "s5wine." '"'dog." etc., and
the line will surely be lost if a pig
is seen while baiting it. As on the
'land chickens must not be counted
until they are hatched, so at sea fish
must not be countedl until they are
all caught. It is good lack to find
mice nibbling among -the nets-, a
horseshoe nailed to the mast will
help, and a herring caught and salt
ed down will produce wonders.
In the Shetland Islands a cat must
not lbe mentioned before a man bait
inz his line and among the Mag
yars of Hungary a fisherman will
turn back and wait over a tide if he
meets a woman wearing a white
Ever'y year the natives of the Duke
of York Island decorate a canoe with
fl wers and fern, fill it with shell
money and cast it adlrit "Z'to comn
pen~sate the fish for their fellows
e:1oiiht and eaten.'
It was always the custom of the
Maoris, the primitive inhabitants of
New Zealand. to put the first fish
that they caughi1t back into the sea
"with a pra~yer that it might tempt
o~her fish to come and b)e caught."
If the fiTh did not come s'on
enoughi in Britishl Coumi ten
da use to employ a wizard, who
S IN ATLANTAt
l i
BROWN
I Telephone & Telegraph Co.
is running cuts of men who
By permission of the Con
vs runs the cut of Mr. J. Epps
a Constitution August 26th.
unty boy who has made good
eneral manager of the South
legraph Company. We are
success of Newberry boys.
on the success which he has
made an image of a swimming fish
and put- it in the water to attract
live fish to bait.-Los Angeles Times.
THE HUMAN ENGINE.
To Operate This Masterpiece Air is
The First Necessity.
Of all the engines cunningly devised
by man not one can equal that master
piece of construction, the engine of
the human frame. To run that engine
air is the first necessity. Construct it
how you will, the greater part of the
energy which feeds a power p)lant is
lost before it reaches the applying
machine. The body only has the'
po4wer' of using enerfgy really econo
mnically and efficiently. Its food is
stituents of that food must be burned,
producing heat and power. For that
burning the oxygen of the air is es
sential Equally true is it that nitro
gen must b)e present to prevent te
rapid combustion which would take
place in oxygen alone. But, whether
the comnbustionm be fast or slow, the
action is the same The b)ody burns
the carbon and hydrogen of its food
and gives out the oxides of these sub
stances, carbon dioxide (carbon acid
ga) n hydrogen oxide (water).
bdbythe burning of hydrogen is
of comparatively slight importance in
a consideration of the vital questions
of the effect of city air upon thie in
dividual, but the other factor, the
carbon dioxide formed in the body, is
of direct importance.-Hollis Godfrey
in Atlantic.
some women are so slow that it
takes them about forty years5 to reach
the age of 25.