Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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CARE OF THE BABY nt Methods Employed b: s the World over-Cus s of Uncivilized Peoples. o,Tribune. ri Coupin, a French anthropol who has been making an ex veg4udy of the- curiosilties of thi an race, has gathered together e amount of entertaining materia cerning the different ways that th< ople of savage and .civilized nation y and clothe their babies.. lie finds that in general *he lot o der infancy is anything but envi le amkg savages. Often the chil< a prisoner from the time of hi Irt ;iI he is turned loose at creep ing or swalking age **o look after him self. For in his early !babyhood he i fastened into a cradle, usually mad of wood, which is as hard and narro as a coffin. The inhabitants of Manchuria ani the Almerican Apaches, for .instance have the vaguest notions about th advantage of exercises for younj babies. They crowd the infant into narrow cradle with quantities of clo-d and tie it in with cords in such a wa: that 'tis -a 'wonder it does not becom deformed. Nor is it :any better lucl to be born a Lapp baby, for this lit tle one is bound intO a cradle made o hollowed twood, cut to -a point at eac end-and lined with moss. The mothe carries this 'vith 'her everywhere, whe: she isteps, she hangs it to a branc1 or if there are no trees near, sh sticks :it up in the snow. -The savage woman of Australia a] ways carries her -tiny 'baby in- a bas ket.*. When the child is older he i placed on his mother's shouldei where he keeps his position by hold -ing- on 'her head. Most of the Aus tralian -women are 'fond r6 Their chil dren, sometim6s, indeed, they shoi -their affection by eating them.' Among civilized nations -che cloth ing of the newly -born 'has preocctl pied the -people of all tinei, .and fror -theIr reflections upon this subjec "have Yesulted -the -strangest and mos anti-hygienic garments imaginabl, Except among 'the Spartans, who ieJ ~their 6hildren naked to develop nat 'urally, without restraint, in order tha -they might 'become beautiful adoles -cents, what seems to 'have in-tereste the 'ancients most was an a-nxiety t * urnish a guard for the weak limb :an frail 'body -of infancy. 11 all chil dren had 'been well forged, 'or i'f al 'peoples, like the Spartans, had expos -ed upon Taygetus all the newly bor: 'he were ill shaped, 'this idea 'proba bly w-ould no>t 'have arisen. Unhapp ly, badly formed infai ts are not -rarity, and i 'is almost natural tha our ancestors shou.ld have thought c -mdartyrizing babies 'in order to giv -hem stra'ight limbs -and deep chests If -this ,or,thopedic met-hod 'had lye applied to the deformed babies onli it would "not 'have been so ~bad. Bu this didn't happen. When they saa the eifects of rickets ibecoming genera .du'ring the course of the second yeat -deforming the thorax, the 'limbs, an -the ver,tebral column, 'no warning a these disasters having 'occurred a birth, they became certain that suc9 deformhiries were the restilt of bas ~methods o'f treatment. They declare< that the deformity could not 'have re suited if thei child had 'been dresse from birth in such a way that its bod -was kept straight. There was exhibited at the exposi tion of 1899 a curious statuet<te of ter racotta, moulded in the form of - sheath, its head being covered withi little hood, wearing about its neck1 small disk called a "bulla." This is precious -document, which was .fouma at Vi'terbo; it shows an undeniabli mnethod of the Romans for the swad ' dling of babies. Among them a chil< was plunged into a Ibath as soon a it was -born. Then it 'was wrapped ii 'r linen cloth, 'bound on 'by a ribbonl Thus it was incased tightly from heat to.'foot, care being taken that i'rs arms 'were imprisoned. Little by little thes< mnem'bers -were given freedom, then th< feet, then the legs. .In France in the middle ages chil dren 'were 's-ill swaddled after t'h Roman met-hod. The baby was firs wrapped up in a piece of cloth. Among the rich -this was linen-but one mnus remember that at this time a liner shirt was a luxury, even for the rich -More often they swaddled the newly 'born in wool. About 'The s'waddling clothes they frapped 'bandages, some times in a way as curious as tha 'wh:ha f itaeenhcnry 'sculpture o: L:r' Dame a: i'aris di%plays. In the evghte:nth century a Corsi --an baby and as vcll a child of Van clkse were kound up neatly from the arnpiLs to the feet. having the hand. free-a point which in itself was an I evidence of progress. On the other -hand, the Bretons. Parisians, and the inhabitants of Luxembourg, 'whether poor or rich, had the baby's arms con scientioUsly rolled tip in all kinds of covers: and if the swaddling in this case was less tight the imprisonment was no' less complete, for the un happy child was reduced to immobili f ty. - Under these circumstances it is not I at all astonishing to see the consid a erable deformities -from which chil - dren have suffered up to our century. - Today the swaddling clothes, thanks to the doccors. who, more often than formerly, are interested in 'the dress e ing of the newly born. cover and pro tect infants without torturing them. I One must also thank J. J.. Rossean. , who preached strongly against The E fashion of tight swaddling clothes. To most people bands many yards a long, which were adorned with em ' broideries among the rich and with 7 coarse stuff among the poor and which a surrounded and "sustained" the bodies of infants, are things of the past. - Yet from -cime to time in the back f 1ward provinces one still Finds a kind I of corset used, with or without whale r :bones, laced up the back and drawn 11 tight to keep the baby's body straight. But its use is becoming less and less e frequen:t, and w-e may hope that wi-ch the progress of education this pTac - tice will disappear completely. Oth - erwise the swaddling clothes are made s much the same the world over at the present day. The child's head is cov - .ered with a three piece -Ibonne-c, mad%. - large enough not to squeeze it anid - fastened by two ties under the chin. It is especially upon the baby's head that -the slightest compression is dan gerous. After the child's birch the - bones are still soft, and The slightest pressure is likely to cause deformity, t whidh may result in idiocy 'The Car ibes, who observe the unfortunate custom of shaping the heads of their children, are swarming with idots. In 1834S~ Achilles Foville, a specialist in tj.insanit y, had 'his attention led into this direction by noticing how many~ didiots had a circular depression about ' the head. The depression was caus sed by a bandage which it was cus ~ tomary at the tirne to bind about the 'heads of 'in:fants. At Toulous-e, at this same epoch. Delehaye verified This Sdiscovery. -In Ettrope today the child is still -swaddled, Ibut' in place, of the old fas'h ioned bands which kept the garments t on safety pins are used. Usually the arms are friee, and -the legs while :cov e ered, still enjoy a certain amounit of -freedom. ITihe baby of Lorraine has ''additional comfort, for a little enshion is fascened on 'its ~back, so that when tfit is put down 'by its nurse it always v'has a little 'bed to lie on. 1 ' There are various modifications of the present European fashion. T'he Swiss baby, Ifor' example, does not have its arms free, and the baby o: t .lower Charante is so wrapped that only :its righit arm is free, in order 'Tat it may not become left handed. In La Creuse a short strap is 'bound about the upper and the lower part of the body, 'hindering- thus every move ~'ment of the arms and legs. In the lower ?yrenees, where moth ers. have to cross fields and mountains with their babies, to the clothing of the nursling is 'added a kind of 'sack, fur nished with thongs which fas'ten to the woman's shoulders, so that she will not be hindered in 'her *movements 'by the child which she carries. SFormerly in the Basque cointries the c'hild was placed in a linen 'sack, which was hung upon the wall like a bundle. In La Vienne tihey were sat isfied 'with a 'belt fastened under the -childs arms. In La Gironde the meth od was much more barbarous. A tree trunk was hollowed out and its bot tomn filled with straw and rags. When t he child as placed in t'his instrument of torture the weight of its body came upon its arms and legs; thus the shoulders were pushed up, the chest deformed, and the legs bowed. There are in France agents who make a business of carrying infants to nurses in the country, and of bring ing nurses .to the towns to secure places. The profession of these men was in the years past less reputable; they carried to the hospitals babies' whose mothers did n'ot want them, Wvay. either layig the children down upon straw -in boxes or panniers, or placing them upright, crowded close to one another, in hampers. In Le Poitou these agents carried the frail lictle beings in a kind of saddlebags, one in front of the shoulder and one behind, without either protection from the cold or any care. It has been proved that only about 3 per cent of these foundlings were saved. M. Coupin agrees with M. Felix Regnault *that the manner in which civilized women carry their babies in their arms is inferior to that of sav age or half civilized peoples, who car ry their children in such a way that their own activities are not interfered with. The French peasants, the Ar menians, the Maronites and the Tat ars leave their babies in the cradle, tied in if necessary, while they work in the fields. In Russia, however, the mother is not separated from her ba by. In white Russia, and among the Ostiaks, she puts her child in a light osier basket and carries this cradle upon her back, well fastened with thongs. Much preferable is the African cus tom. IThe negress carries the baby upon her back, but it is held firm by means of a loin cloth and a piece of cloth which is fastened in front of her chest. She is always able to have her baby with her, whether she is weeding, grinding corn, or carrying a pitcher 1home from the well on her head. A variety of this same custom obtains among the Japanese, who have the reputation of being the people who give the most personal attention to their children. The kimono which they wear is a great advantage, since it is so ample that by pushing aside slightly the pieces which cross in front of the chest there is made at th; back a funnel shaped space in which tihe -child is put; its head sticks out at the top and its arms and legs are free. This the French savant regards as the ideal method of carrying a child, for it keeps the baby warm and comfort able and does not cause 'a waste of time on the part of its nurse. FOR SALE. Farm containing 476 acres situated in Union and Newberry counties, six niles from Shelton (Sou. Ry.) and seven miles .from Whitmire, (S. ,A. L. Ry.). Nice home and five tenant houses, barns, etc. Fine timber and farm' lands. $1o.oo per acre. Further information call or write, Jos. E. Leach, Attorney, Columbia, S. C. NOTICE. The County Cotton Association will meet at Newherry on Saturday, the th of December, 1905, for the pur pose of electing a president, secre tary and treasurer. and three delega'tes to the State Cotton Association, to 'oe held in Columbia on the first Wednes day 'in January, 1906. R. T. C. Hunter. President. NOTICE 0!F FINAL SETTLE MENT AND DISCHARGE. Notice is hereby gin. 'at the un dersigned will make a finalI settlement as Executors on the estate of Henry Shealy, deceased, in the Probate Court for Newberry county on the 1th day of December, 1905, at II o'clock a. mn. A1l persons 4'iol-ding claims against the said est.ate will present te same duly attested by said date and all persons indebted to the said estate will make payment. B. F. Sheaf'y, J. A. Shealy, Executors. 33restosi ani Vestern Carolina Ry. (Schedule in Effect April i6, 1905.) .5 2. Daily. Lv. Newberry. ..........1236 p. mn. Ar. Laurens ........ .... 1.50 P.m No. 2. Daily. Lv. Laurens........... 1.5 0 IS p. m. Ar. Greenwood ........... 2.46 p. mn. Ar. Augusta............." 5.20 p. m . Ar. Anderson ........... 7.10 p. mn. No. 42. Daily. li. Augusta....... . ......... .....2.35 p. mn. Ar. A1endale........................... 4 30 p. mn. Ar. Fairfax... ....................... 4.4! p. m. Ar. Charleston......................... 7.40 p. mn. r. Beaufort.......................... 6.2o p. m r. Port Royal............. ...... 6.4 p. m1 A.r. savaunah........ ......... ... 6.4 p- m Ar. waycross ..... ................. io.oo p. mn. Ar. Tacksonville........................ ......... No. I. Daily. Lv. Laurens.......................... 2.07 p. mn Ar. Spartanbu-g.........---........- 3.20 p. in No. 52. No. 87. Daily. Ex. Sun. Lv. Laurens............. 2.09 p. mn. 8.oo a.m. Are. Grenil........25 p. i". 91.28. Oi *T 12th Car, Maki C>PU %XLI Choice Teqql JUST AR Although Flour advance( tomers the sarr Best Patent, Gotton, Best Half Patent, Cottc While we are doing th are also leading in Dry C ing, Millinery, &c., &c. goods, carefully selectE Baltimore, and want evt see for themselves and i are headquarters. and thi all kinds goods at very pay $40.00 for Sewing IM drop head $17.93, guarc high tone, 12 stop Organ Choice Western Seed ( Thousands of bargaim Almost impossible to me MOSEL SOUTHERHN TIiB SOU?' .S GRE Through Pullmar on All Throu Convenient Sch Local T Winter Tourist R effect to all Fl For full informati< Routes, Etc., co Southern Rai. Agent Bro oks Morgan, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent, Atlanta, Ga. SE AB( AIR - LINE - NORTH - SOUTH Two Daily Pullman Ves1 Between SOUTH an FIRST-CLASS DINII The Best Rates and Roul Via Richmond and wA Norfolk and Steamne N ashville, Memphie Louis, Chicago, Nev Points South and Southwi and Jacksonville and a and Cuba. PossiTIVELy THE SHoRt NORTH AN WFor detailed information, man reservations, etc., app?y board Air Line Railway, or Jo Passenger Agent, Columbia, C. F. STEWART, As! SAVA NNA W. L BURROUGHS. Tray.] ng 1.200 BbIs. ,ssee Flour RIVED. i we hold for our cus ie old price. - -$5.25 in 445 e Flour business, we Woods, Notions, Cloth We are brim full of d in New York and :rybody to come and ye convinced that we 2 proper place to buy bottom prices. Why achine? We sell good mnteed; good Walnut $50.00 )ats, sacked 55 cents. in our immense line. ntion them all. dEYBROS. ATBST SYSTEM, ' iSleeping Cars igh Trains. edules on All 'rains. ates are now in orida points. on as to Rates, .nsult nearest [way Ticket :, or R. W. Hunt, Division Pass. Agent, Charleston, S. C. SRAIL WAY. - EAST -- WEST. ibuled Limited Trains d NEW YORK. IG CAR SERVICE. :e to all Eastern Cities rashington, or via rs.--To Atlanta, s, Louisville, St. rOrleans, and All est-To Savannah 11l points In Florida EST .. INE BETWEEN D SOUTH. rates, schedules, Pull to any agent of The Sea s. W. Stewart. Traveling . C. H, GA.