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[Vol. I.] '-t COLUMBIA. (8. C.) 'JTUK8DAY,-DECEMBER 10, 1810. ? [No. fll.]
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1?Y THOMAS \V. I.ORHAIX.
'I'.-nfy of Snbtcrif)tlitt.~'Him* lKiU:trx jh t nnmun, pay
able in mlvaiicc....No paper to !??* iliscontiimctl, but at
il?t? opium of the Kdilor, until nil i*riviumjjc* arc paid.
.l.hartl*.'nitim tiut cxcccrinift fourteen lilies, inserted
!!?l- lirat time fi?r ?evcniy.livc cent's, uml forty cents for
**??}? Mil>sci|iirnt imcrtion. J^'llert ti? llie Kditor inunt
?>'postpaid, or the postage will be charged totlie writer.
Til? Hoiitli-Cnroliim College.
AN A1)J)UK88
IMivrcil t?? tlie Onuloatc* ouho Booth-Carolina Cotkgc,
"? 'I--? Anniversary Commcnrcmml, December 'J, A.
I). ISlfj, iii iho College Chapel, by President Maxcv.
To you, young gentlemen, the preaent, it per
haps, the-most important (rnriod of life. You
arc now about to commeute a new career, to en
U?'KC in new pucBuits; to display yourselves on
'ho great thcatro of the world j to bring into
??xercise the ptfwers and the virtues which you
have cultivated t and to convert to private nntl
public use, the learning and talents which you
have acquired in the shade* of retirement. On
?he determinations which you now make, & the
plans of conduct which you now adopt, depend
your future prosperity and honor 5 or ill for
1.11 ne and disgrace. On your enlargement from
Mie restraints and discipline of collegiate life,
aome of you are filled with joyous hopes, others
with anxious fears, and all, *1 presume, with
an honorable ambition* On you are fixed the
eyes and the hearts of your patients and friends.
From you they hope and expect much. And
did they not from experience know tha daugot
to which you are exposed ; did they not know
tlifc real evils of life, their pleasure on this oc
raajnn, would bo fr?j from intruding anxiety ;
their phasing anticipations of your tutu?: glory,
Mould fill their mind with enchanting pistons,
and their hones strong and free, would fepring
and smile, like a morning without clouds.~
Hut alas, they know that there is no unmix*
ed good in this world ; that alt things hero
<?xist by opposition und correspondence j that
wherever there is good, there is evil \ Wheruver
?here is safety, there in duuger j wlmrffeer there
is hope, there is fear j in short, that human life,
is a feverish dream of honor and shame, of joy
and sorrow j composed of lawless ambition and
brutal violence ; that in all nations, foi "co ulti
mately triumphs over justice ; liberty sinks in
to the gulf of tyranny j that innocence U no
security j that virtue and learning, philosophy
and eloquence } all the glory und all the digni
ty of man, murt at last how to the sword of a
Cieaar,or a Honanarte ; that anch i* the mix
ture of moral and physical ill, in all parts of n&
turoy Qnd in all human adiiirs, that after a ccr
talnv perjod, s<svj| bfgiim to predominate over
?**^"gttina upon life ; ruin follows ruin*
till the majesty of virtue is forgott?iM the spied
dor of genius extinguished ? the most sacred
laws trampled under foot; man degraded to n
hjave ; all the monuments of his art and skill
disced; all his lolly intellectual and moral en
dowments sunk, degraded and lont in barbarism.
Jlttfcyou rr.tist learn net to despair. l)ad as hu
man life is, evil does not on the whole predomi
nate. A virtuous, wise and courageous man,
will find much to hope for, and much to enjoy.
Conscious* of his own rectitude, he will possess
peace within, and the light of immortality will
disptJ the horrors with which he is surrounded.
\ ou will do well to remember, that, the present
world is a state of discipline, where you must
struggle with adversity, to invigorate your vir
fuo; where God has intermingled various do
<",plcn*iiro and |?&ip, of good and evil,
that finding nothing here to satisfy tlfc immor
tal mind, you might fclovate yoo? affection* and
hopes to a state ot pure and imperishable |ov*.
T o act conscientiously, or as you aro convinced
is right, is a rule of universal application, tand
is in its nature calculated to produco happiness.
A rational and moral agent cannot exist inde
pendent of a law which prescribes und enforces
]iij? duty. Wight and wrong are wholly relative.
1 hey refer to a law which wo consider as a
;,,*?dard of rectitude. Thin makes the eternal
diHcronr* Itolivceii l ight and wrong, good it evil.
I he idea of a law, implioq 0i?( of a law-giver,
possessed of a right flowing from his own excel -
Tence, and underived supremacy to prescribe
Jaws to all inferior dependant beings \ and who
has power to enforce those laws i>v adequate
v&nc'.tons. Man is the only nniin.il on this} globe
who has the power of governing himself by law,
and when lie. does this, lie in .1 moral ugent }-?
that is, he acts from respect to a law whose obli
gatory power hy recognizes. *1 h?* morality of
Ins actions consuls in their relation to law j anil
this relation is the only foundation of moral
good and evil. The tendency of all the laws
which Uod has established is to universal and
perfect happiness. This would certainly be the
insult. Were the requisitions of these laws fullv
complied with. The misery of man arises from
'us abuse of his moral liberty $ from his volun
tary dist'onformity to the will of his creator,
i Ins is the true origin of nil the evil ami mise
rv that ever did, or ever will exist. The truth
of this it, apparent from the single consideration
that in a being wholly conformed to Uod. there
tan no more exist sin or misery than in God
liiinr.tlf. You are so constituted that you can
not remain indifferent to human actions. When
you nerceivo these to bo Conformed to the rule
' , f* ????> of approbation rises up in the
blind j when disconfofincd, of disapprobation,
in both cases, vouexergse moral sense. Ito not
? Cfn-ed therefore by imagining that conscience
moral sense is the creature of education, a
mere adventitious acquisition. Uod has not
rested the virtue and happiness of hit* rational
creatures, on so uncertain a foundation". Con
I ?nI.!!.f1COilL ,,, ni,,,(''1 ftn power of our na- ?
I uro a? the uudcitftandiug 1 though it dww tn^f,!
like the understanding,act atone in any instance/
Tho operations of intellect mast always pre
cede ) for unlets von know tUat there are such
things as law ann obligation, you can nave no
perception of right and wrong, of merit or do
merit, and of course no exercise of moral sense.
All our powers are evolved in a certain ordor \
exorcised in their proper spheres, and in their
peculiar relations nAu dependencies. The ope
rations of moral sense, tnbugh in order subse
quent td those of intellect, are wholly different
from them. If the dperatious of intellect prove
it te bo an original power of the mind, the ope
rations of moral flfcuso equally prove it to be an
I original power of the mind. You will perceive
therefore that virtue is not left unsupported ;
that it is not left doubtful as to its motive, its
nature or its end. You carry in yourselves the
incitement, the rulo und the reward, lly ad
mitting that the moral sense springs up from
the original frame of vour nature, you cannot
avojd the obligation of doing right * iior thu crif*
sure and misery of doing wr<mg. If you would
then possess an approving conscience*, 'ike care
to inform yourselves whfct is right j^tu know the
nature anil extent of our own obligations and
duties. If you strictly atlhero to these you will
be virtuous t and ill proportion as vou are vir
tuous, Mod has ordained that you sliall be han
1 ny. You are not bound down by an invincihlo
I law of nature to bo virtuous because God has
given vou power to become vicious and misera
ble. In short your power to do wrong, is the
same as your power to do right. In both cases
the good'or ill use of this power is left to your
own choice. Remember then, that vour own
virtue, respectability, happiness and fame de
pend on yourselves. Never leave to accident
or an iiuagioarv fatality, what God has put in
I your power, tlouor and virtue drop not from
i the clouds j the m iuds will not bring you bread :
| nor will the earth reach (Tut a sceptre to your
j baud. God offers vou his bounty, but leaves
I the improvement of it to yourselves. You have
every motive, therefore, to excite you l;? the
most vigorous exertion of all your powers, (o
know and to discharge your duties. The?e re
late to God, to yourselves and to your fellow
men. All your relations involve du'ticn, and ilie
importance of t!ie latter, is in proportion to the
intimacy of the former. Gf course your duties
to yourcruator demand your first and highest
regard. From him you nave derived your be
ing ; on him you are wholly dependent ; and to
him you arc amennble. The full homage of the
heart, while it is justly due to him, lays (he only
foundation of true virtue, arid constitutes the
only guarantee of your other duties. If yon
know, und love, and fear God, you will pay nil
tuiitalile respect to yourselves, and to youV fel
low men ) and you will in ull things ui t ran
fecicntiously. This alone, will give vou stabdi
ty in principle, energy in action, and dignity in
character. Consider not, as is frequently done,
the service of God as a wearisUme burden. It
is the highest glory and privilege of all intelli
gent being*. The laws <?V God are just; his
requirements alt reasonable; suitable to your
state and capacity, and directly conducive to
your happitiCM. * lie acts from 110 necessity to*
wards you ; ho needs neither your love nor vour
service ; for these can add nothing to an infinite
lieing j?all lie desires is your happiness \ and
this lie pursues by alt menu# consistent with
your natures ns Irec, accountable creatures.-?
The true happiness of an intelligent licing
springs from virtue, ami virtue frptn freedom %
Hence it is evident that omnipotence itself can
not make you happy by arbitrary, irresistible
force } for this would destroy ydUr moral agon-*
cv, and convert you Into brutes or nin< hinos.
Your happiness and that of all rational account
able beings, is the Immune** of free will.?
Choose therefore the service ol" Owl j conform
your act'rtms to his laws \ yield iij> your a flec
tions wholly tbhim-?for every thing appertain
ing t<* this wni lit wilt ultimately leave you
wretched. "When n due reverence for the su
preme being is established in the heart, the em
pire of virtue will he secured ? because you will
then consider nil the relative duties of life, an
duties to Ufttl. In n life of virtue the greatest
victory to bo obtained, in over yourselves. The
heart of man, the Kent of all bin appetite* and
passions, m the source of all vice* ?. his crimen,
and of mnst of hi* errora.?-Ueason ami con
science were designed for his governor.41 but
in his present fallen state the nuthoritv of these
it opposed, and not unfrci|uently wholly re
nounced. The soul loses its freedom, with its
peace, anil Kinks into the dreadful empire of
death. If you wyuild preserve yourselves from
this deplorable Mate 1 stifle the* first suggesiion 1
of evil { resist the lirst approach of tcmotatum j
keep your hearts with all diligence: tiiua act
ing you will be masters of yourselves t you will
be able to cultivate with success, every personal
virtue, and to acquire every useful and n
iniahle accomplishment. Though the rule of
riuht applies as directly to the duties owing to
1 ourselves ami to our fellow men, a* to those ow
' imr to (Sod x yet it some how hap|>en* tl--.it most
j men arc disposed to disregard their own per
? sonal, more than tiieir relative obligations?-ra?
1 |M'cial!y those which involve the dutii* of
idcuikl. This is n great and dangerous error)
for no mail can injme himself by vice or neglect,
without directly or remotely * iuiuiing others.
You are usmucli responsible for the inthicnccof
your example 011 others, as lor the ill cfi'ects of
your actions on yourselves. Itcmcmbcr that
personal virtue is the foundation of all real
worth ; of all true dignity of character \ of all
Kenuiue piety to U01I, and of the most exten
sive usefulness to mankind. In proportion as
a man becomes vicious, he renders himself in
capable of doing gouil ; destrevs his own peace
and that of o<hct> J jwrverN 'f?o noble end of
Iiis being | toils every shining quality, uul de
grades every moral and iutclluctuul endow
ment. The dinger of immoral example, arises
chiefly from wrong notions of trutf happiness;
end from want of reflection and due considura
tion. Vice* if properly seen* cannot like vir
tue, spread on the principle of sympathetic as
sociation. A rational sensitive 'being, cannot
deliberately choose misery. If yoif examine
thu laws and principles which God has establish
od In your nature} if you compare theso with tlx*
injunctions of hit revealed will, vou will per
ceivo a wonderful coincidence, and all your en
auirlts, if Impartially conducted, will result in
le Arm conviction, that every motive in in fa
vor df virtue and against vice i that the last is
only another name for pain, disgraco and mise
ry ; the former for pleasure, honor and happi
ness. Never imaging that you can evade or
violate with impumty? the laws of your nature,
(iod has in all tilings connected your duty with
your happiness. Tim relations which you hub
tnin towards others, iuvolver titilhtot'ttflr and im
portant obligations. These.result from the
common principles and recipro&l wants of your
nature, and from the laws of political society.
Here opens the principal field for tlw? display of
tlioso virtues, talents and (pialiflcations, which
benefit mankind, which conciliate their esteem,
secure their friendship and excite their admira
tion. He cautious therefore that you hoivnably
discharge the obligations resulting from the so
cial state. Much of the tapping* of your Jives
will depend on the good will of tho?e aroUnd
you. This will he most eiVectuftllv secured by
a conscientious discharge of your duties ; in
t'endering cxact justice to all men ; in paving
all due rospect to your superiors ; in kindness
and condescension to your inferiors ; in civility I
anil' politeness to your equals ; in liberality to
the poor ami distressed j in supporting all in-,
stitotions for the relief of human miscrv, and
for the increase of human happiness. Thu* by
acting in all the relations of lift) according to
th?! rule of right, you will gratify }our own con
sciences t you will promote your own respeeta
i bilitvand usefulness j you will secure toe es
teem of men* and the friendship of (iod. As it
is your lot to come forwurd in life at a nni.il in
teresting perod,let your conduct lie murked with
the most disinterested love of your country.
Avoid the contagion of parly spirit: exerci?e a
noble and independent lilnn-ality towards those
who differ from you in sentimeni ; cultivate
peac with all men, and support tlie laws and
constitution of your country. 1 trust and be
!ie\e that vou go from this College with a deep
sense oi tfie \aluc of civil and religious free
dom. To behold you oxer tiny your talents in
support of thesr, will aflord the highest pleasure
to tn.?se who have co'niiucted your education.
The prompt obodicncT: which you have ren
dered to the authority of (his College ; the dili
gence with which yi?u have pursued vouj stu
dies | thu civility and decency which have cha
racterised your deportment, have greatly con
tributed to the good Order and rcgutur discipline
of this College, a lid have set an example which
1 hope will long bo remembered and followed.
Though many individuals nntonu your predeces
sors have held an high rank in literary distinc
tion j yet when I consider the number and ta
lents or the present class, I must, pronnuuer
you the lights of this institution. Hermit me to
express on this occasion, the high satisfaction
which I experience in crowning you with the
laurels- of thitf College. May they grow and
ilotirndi forever ! Departing frftm this institu
tion, you carry with you, my most ardent de
sires "for your Happiness. 1 now give yOu my fi
nal adieu, & commend you to the blessing of Oo'l.
MISCEMANKOliS.
?MO$f TMr. CVMWtX UAlf-TTK.
To the Hon. the Spe.tkcr ami Member* of lliellour.c of
l(c|ircscut.iti\ci. ypfii
Gentlemen?The present communication linn
been delayed some timo past, fur the purpo&Cof
bringing to yum view, during tlio session, ovi|?
necessarily arising from the cucouragenioiit uf
quackery m medicine. ,No stato in tiic union
nnpears to huvo vioweu with greater iudilTureuco
(lie rapid growth and destructive tendency uf
thin insidious fun to humanity, than our* $ yet
none cvincpi* greater anxiety in the adoption of
laws and inutiicipnl regulation* fur the pvescr
vation of ofpial rights, fkv. Strange to toll,
whilst it has bestowed hucIi indefatigable atten
tion upon tho subject of state jurisprudence, it
him manifested more'zeal in tin; curat mcnt of
laws calculated to preserve the rotative right* of
citizens, than to protect tho liven uf those 'who
aro unwarily exposed to the two edged weapon#
of empiricism. If ever tlif.ro wr.s u timo for
tho encouragement of learning and liberal prir
suits, &c. it is tho present, Prosperom in tin1
enjoyment of an uninterrupted peace, and desi
rous of advancing every tiling tomling to im
prove and adorn the state, our citizenslook for
ward with un unprecedented z<wt for examples
sanctioned hy legislative authority. Hindi they
ho disannointed in their anticipations ? Will
tho legislature yet persist in encouraging the
exorci.se of a profession hy tho most unqualified
pretenders ? W ill it still refuse to listen to the
voice of reason, roitoratVd hy the experience of
other states, and tlony to tlnno wlio have devot
ed their time and property to (ho acquirement
of a useful profession, the benefit* of which
would arise frtiin tho exorcise of it. Look o
round you and see whether this is not literally
the fact. Are not tho Sangra^ss of the day
playing around hypochondriac*, &c. with nil the
saug Iroid of professed magicians j and do they
not ingratiate themselves into public favor, so
far as to acquire uu ascendency over the rcgulm
practitioner, notwithstanding n ronvicliMi of
tho injustice of public ^nUmoti4.
Let it not lie laid that moo of studious habits
nud liberal education may acquire a Kuflicient
knowledge of medicine lor thd discharge of the
duties incumbent upon tlmt profession. This
idea, we are aware, is inculcated by all>ucli as
have read u Utile upon the subject, 'without tufct
i11the sweets ol an adequate 1 iiowtedge.'?
Drink deep or taste not the pierian hpriti;;,
should ho tne motto.
What on* the opinion* of those who oncc ad
vocated that doctrine, from ii;iioiai:cr. '.'it l?ave.
had the veil torn from their e\es? by t'.ie hai d of
instruction? 'i hoy now proclaim t'.e irj^i'eo
of a premature dec'nion. and re? ' in muni t! .*.>f
universities wluc.h were once the jmeje.i of their
derision. Who will pretend to n?sert I'.:tt n
knowledge of anatomy can be acquired viiooe'
tho assi stance of demount ration ? Can it he
tained byiin occular inspection of the hie... ?
subject, independent of oral instruction A ?h
any man of common sense, who ha* prosecuted
a regular course of study. If then a know
ledge of anatomy is not to*he obtained bv indi
vidual exertion, und its importance to the prac
titioner of medicine is coiicedid, is there u t*a
necessity for compelling such men as are about
to administer relief to tin* aftliiMed, to con; | v
with the rules of such instituting a* are
ised for the instruction of medical students.
Anatomy may be *aid to bo the ^r.-ut-d ?? <>:k
of physiology ; and ?ii'.out a ko*tv.
laws of the animal (economy, iho modus oj.er.ia ?
di of disease, &c. no man should a'sino" <
p.actice of medicine. Anatomy, altiioa :a. ?
I portum. constitutes however hut a ?mall ? ro .or
| tion of the knowledge which a p\\?'rian ou-Jst.
to possess. Phar nacy,Mnteii.i Medi^j, (M.Min
istry. the theory of medicine and liinical pir.c ?
tic.e are equally important, not to say .:tiy tiling
of obsterics.
It was not until imniiical practhe v.as ?:
ploded iu tlij' statv New-S'ork. M;i^.,iA,r
vetts. Connei tirut, l'enu*vlvauia. Mar?land .* il
Vir^ili'ip, br expunging i'rov. ti ?? li-t ?.f [ '
J cian?4>uch persons as w?.n!d wt.f coiilorn ; >.
j regulations of medii:ul c-iMeges ; th.U
, merged lioni a state of comparative i^iuva. M
I in otir ii i.ince. Tho immense advant.i'jc* <?1
i >ii{ h l e^'datioiiH ui.t onl\ redounds t<* ti.rir ere
( dii. bin ha. actual! v improved the slat-? of pems
; ral knowledge, ity cii? oura!>io.'; n-i.? of^cienrc
to locate, among;*.! us, we enlarge t!ie field :-f ? i. ?
quiry.aud open the door to an investigation <-f
subjects but little attended to in Mouth-Carolina,
w: 10 will pretend to sav tliat ndfossils, mincial
wateis or medicinal herbs demand our attenlioi ,
and by what means will Itotany, Mineralogy ov
medicine be cultivated, unless we hold out suf
ficient inducements for men of professional
knowledge to settle, in every part of the state.
The evils which existed iu the United State*,
prior to tiife achievement of our national ???
reignty and independence, do not now .revail.
l)elore that period, our vouog men were t.o
peiled to cross the atlautic for die purpose .f
acquiring a knowledge w liich may now be ^at
tained in our own country, I^xpetiae* w/Jje *<?
enormous as to prevent all sucli us were not
wealthy, from pro&ccuting a regular c.ou *e i'.'
study. liut at present tho ease is w iden ib ,'e
rent. Kveiy man who possesses industi en
terprise and application, may procure a deyrco
iu medicine \ and our young men would seize
every opportunity of advancing themselves with
alacrity, were such inducements held out. It
may |H>ssibly lie ujloged, that by adopting; such
a measure^ we should deprive two third* of ov.r
conntrv oi medical assistance. Jiy no mean-'.
Let it be said, after a determinate period, it w ill
be reuuired, that ill practitioners of medicine
shall nave received the degree of Doctor of me
dicine, or passed a regular examination before a
legally constituted board of IMnsicians, who
may i.?s?ue certiliutes to thnt Oftect lieforc lie shall
bo allowed to practice. You have, gentlemen,
already evinced a disposition to improve the li
terary standing of our state, by establishing a
College at tho scat of goveriin&ot, and occa
sioning indigent children to be instructed at
pulOic expense. Von have manifested a zeal,
the most laudable, iu encouraging tridn qf learn
ing to embark in tho profession law, by re
quiring that candidates slmll jg^ergo a regular
examination before admissiofl^^lM bar i ami
as life, if properly apprcciatdl^RPtnorft valua
ble than property?go ono step further and nd?
vauce the profession of inedicino to a level with
law in poinftyf respectability, by requiring can
didates to ntfss through tho same ordeal.
8I1NATB OK Tlte VKH KD 8WATR8.
The following tabfu fthoWa (ho purioth at
which tlio term* of the nrcnent Bonatora.will ex
pire. On tlio 4th <^f March/
lHir. 18$f>. > <1831*
Mr. llibfo, Mr. Harry, 'Mr. Harh'iir,
Drown, C!m*e, 'Campbell*
Comlit, Daggett, IHnn,
!I(h\i;II, Krotncnfin, *' (lore,
Mason, Va. Onillanl,' ? Harper,
Talbot, Golilsbormigh, llprtey,
Taylor, Kiusj. I !<ititor,
I Thompson, I.arock, ItOhiirtg,
Tumor, ' Macon, ? ? UUgattif,
I Vacuum, Mason, N. II. Kutilnrri*
Weill!. Morrow, Tichylior,
Williams, Tait, Wit&oti.
The following nmon* have, already bocn c
lecietl to supply too vucaneic* in the first das?,
whoso term ?-oiumeiiccH next 4th of March, vi/.
J. Hurrill, K. I. in tin? place of Mr. Howell.
I). If. Morrill, Nej*' Hampshire, Thompson
It. O. Otis, Masnachusctts, Vui num.
There, arc *3* application# before Ihe 1 ??,^is!a -
fure of Yirginh !?/*? Jtanka* a 4V only > ony foY
n 8chf*?'.. ? '.#?' V :tLA
?' ... v.i'.'A