The telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1815-1818, November 19, 1816, Image 1
WSMSMB* W BE KIT
11V THOMAS W. LORKAIN. :i
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HISTORICAL.
FillVQIiTlEH OV TIIE KHKNCfl NATION, I
rMSVlur* TS TUB BKV0LIT1QX.
" Ilrcnil,and Theatres," was onco the motto!
of the Roman peoplej and such, appcarantly,
vtis lonv; that oTHio Vrench. This may lie in
ferred from nu ordinance of the police, made
April 14) 1784, ami proclaimed by sound of
ti umpct. At tlie very instant wheu tho parlia
ment of Paris was making remonstrances on tlte
dearncssofflour.and the immediate necessity of
giving bread to tlie innumerable famished poor j
the government carefully watched over tho
pleasures of tho populace. In an ordinance,
which relates to Merry-Andrews, Pantaloons,
Hope-dancers, and ^thor exhibitors in tho Houle
Vardjt, or environs Of Paris, it is declared, that
these amusement** being murio for the people,
to refresh them from their labours, and prevent
the dreadful cftccts of idleness and intemper
ance. it is necessary to put them at the rate
(Which docs not exceed their ability. The man*"
trs of these facetious personages arc forbidden
? raise their first s**tj to * lughor price than
tree livrcsf their Hcond to twenty-four sol* j
their third to twclvof arid their fourth to six.
] In Jnuunry 1769, t important cause was
Wrought forward in the .igh court of judicature,
lit was an action instituted by tho coi-jfeur* Jen
(fames, or ladies hairdressers, of Paris, uguinst
the corporation of master-barbers, and bagnio*
keepers. It may be proncr to observe, that tiie
baguin-kcepeers generally dressed the ladies
after bathing.
It is probable that Home able pleader amused
liimsell' in drawing up the curious memoir that
was published on this occasion; which every
where discovers the playful hand of n master.
In his first division, tn6 orator, speaking for his
clients, maintains that the art of drc?t,i.ig the
ladies hair is a liberal art j and bolriy ventures
to compare it with poetry, painting, and sculp
ture. u lly those talents,*' says lie, " which
are oeculiar to ourselves, we give new graces
tothe bcatrty who is sung by thenoct* it is
when she comes from our hands that the painter
and the statuary represent her; and, if tho locks
of Heienice have been placed among the stars,
who will deny that, to attain this superi
or glory, she uas iirst in need of our aid i
" A forehead moro or less opcn< a faco more or
J?*s oval, r?u|u?r? very different induesj everyi
. where wit u?ul'. embellish iSaturo, or correct her
?Icficiences. It is also nccessiiry to conciliate
w ith the colour of the flesh, that of the dress
which is to adorn it. This is tho art of tho
painter. W e must seize, with taste, the vario
f ated shades; and, by a just distribution of
ightund shadow, givo'nwro spirit to too cont
ufcxiou, and ,?o?f Oprossion to^iiic graces.
Home times the whiteness of the skirt will l>o
\hejghtcned by the auburn tint of the locks, or
*he too lively hue be softened by tlio greyish cast
nth which wo tingo tho tresses. 44 If the ar
jtigeiuent of the hair, and the various colours
w H?ve the locks, do not suffice, wo have in our
/uds tho brilliant treasures of Golconda. To
ft belongs tho happy disposition of the diamond;
A% well as of tho pearl nin, and tho gracefully
*u spending feather. Trie general of an urmy
knows what reliance ho can make on a half
moon placed in front? aud we too have our cres
cents sjhe has his engineers, who are distinguish
ed their insignia j and we with a sparkling cross
advantageously placed, know how difficult it is
for an enemy not to yield. It is we, indeed,
who strengthen and extend the empire of beauty.
" Some rigid ccnsurers may, perhaps, say, that
they could do very well without us} and that,
if tncre were less art and ornaments at the toi
Mtcfc of the ladies, things would be all for tho
better. It is not for us to judge, whether the
manners of'Siwrti were preferable to those of
Athens j or if the shepherdess, who gazes on
herself in the chrystal stream, interweaves a
few flowers with her tresses, and adorns herself
with natural graces^ merits greater homage
than thosta polished citizens who skilfully cm
ploy the refinements of fasliionujle dress. We
inunt take the age in the state wo find it. Wc
fuel a disposition congenial with the living man
in'ri, to which wc are indebted for our exist
ence ; and, whiio thev subsist, wc ure desirous
to subsist with them*'*
This important trial was crouded by a most
brilliant assemblage; and, when the grave de-1
<-i?i?m of (he court was ttnally made, in favor of
riirffeurs dc* dames, it wna approved bv a sud
d'-n clapping of hands from the anxious brant ion.
of Parin, who considered the uflfair as of the fii t?<
;ia< tonal consoqucnce.
In Hcptember 1700, an exclusive privilege
AvjHobtAined to supply silk nmbrcllan, lor Uiohc
?vvho felt themselves incommoded by the beat
?if the sun, as tliey walked over the I'ont Nenl l!
Ilflicos wcro erected at the extremities of thi*
biidj^e, where such petit maitres ns were fearful
of spoiling their complexions, provided them
selves with one of these light atul useful ma*
chine*, which they left at the office on the other
paying two Hard*. It will bo acknow
b-il^'u, that the projector of this undertaking
vi a* profound ami sublime ih his national views;
and, surely, the Government was not inferior,
kvhen thev granted him their letters patent for
the ;?? umbrellas!
Among the various extravagances of French
? as the singular one, of wearing
hats,or hat* with four points, which prevailed
in 1776. This grotesque covering was used by
the petit maitrcs for. their morning dishabille;
Shortly afterwards, some innovators introduced
hate with two poiuta; these, however, did not
I etterally succeed t Vet tlie Duke de Richelieu
ismisieu his valet, because lie gave him a hat
with four points, instead or two. The English
sloushcd hats, at length) prevailed. All tneae
fashions existed in the course o? one year. In
1780, the fashionable roily consisted in weari
two watches t and tha Duke d4 Rit^eli *"
ing a pair which flamed with precidus
sycophant i lit rested permission to
The auktvard courtier, however, d .
tlie floor ; and, in atteiftptlftg to save ,rr
the Other. Tlie fragile triflea<j*efti thufc ruincd,
atid lie stammered out a thousand apologir
" Do not be uneaay," Cried the duke j "1 ne>
before saw them go so wfU together.^?;
1786, reigned the mahiaofoutlona ?they
only v o: o them of an enormouar* '
pieces, but with miniatur*
tures ; so that a set of but
at an incredible price* **
in ait res wore.tho modest !
Oesaraf others', antique
orphoses of Ovit
tM'llbMae
? above
by forming' >ii
stpid rebtisics
buttons was*'*
derfully disp1ay<
well as of the purchaser^ and afltf
hauhtible source of conversation. 'Wi
To this fashionable extravagance siticec?!cd,:
in the same year, that of the waUtcoats. ; These
became a capital object of luxury in dress, and
were purchased by dozens. They exhibited
the fancy of the wearer by their fine paintings,
and were enriched with tlie moat costly orna
ments. Among the variety of suhjecta they of
fercd to tlie eye, were a number ol amorous*and
cotnic scenes; graj.e-gathcreis, hunter*, fee.
ornamented the cheats of the tltgaus; and the
belly of un effeminate trifler was occupied by a
regiment of cavalry: one of these amateurs,
delighted with finer fancics, had a do/An waist
coats painted, so as to represent tho finest
scenes in Hicfutril (ticur de Lion, and tho ope
ras of the day; that his wardrobe might become
a learned repository of tlie druma, and perpet
uate it's most fe.liritious scones !
The national levity Wis insensibly declining
about the time of the American war. In 1782,
? the (antrr* o? w^:?Q
innu'fn and, indeed, after the splendid victory
of llodney, tlie fiwl.ionable female Parisians
wore bonnets n /? For the vanquished
voluntary (o exhibit the honours, and thus to
rejoice in the advantages of the enemy, is a cu
rious fact in the history of human nature, and
an instance of the most singular levity. Indeed,
about this time, the French were gradually met*
amorpho>ing themselves into English manners:
only a temporary levity in the* nation, which
would pass away like it's former ones. But
liberty was insensibly acquiring a form and a
voice.
The influenza spread about this timo; and
that also was converted into a fashionable dress.
Tlie hats and bonnets of the frivolous Parisians
were all influenzas. The Count de Verge lines,
in a conversation, was describing the singularity
of this epideinick disorder; and said, it was
called the Russian malady, liecause it first ap
peared at Petersburgh. "We are threatened,"
observed a dutchess present, " with another
malady, which will como from America."?
** What b that madam fM interrogated Vergeii
nes. "The Indopendanza," replied the fair
Cassandra. 1 am informed that our troops in
that country arc delighted to learn, that every
soldier may hope to necome a genejal, if ho dis
covers anv talents for war; that the Americana
acknowledge no distinction of nobility and rank,
and that all men are equal. This infinitely
? leases the French: when they return home,
ley will dwell with rapture on these events;
they will tell their relations and friends all they
have seen, and in what manner inen become in
dependent; tlicv will then teach here what they
have learned tiiere."?English Magazine.
f.imi u:tkiiihtk: bkktuiiks or tiik Mwms.
Tho Mooi h, so called by tho European*, arc
a mixture of alt nations who have of any time
settled in North Africa: hut (lie predominant
character, physical and moral, is that of tho
Arab of Saracen.-?The name is unknown to
themselves, and if, as it would seem, it is a
corruption from that of Mauri. Vy which tho
Uomans designated the people ot a particular
province, it has long ceased to lie applicable to
the present inhabitants.?" If you a*K a Moor,"
savs Mr. Dupuis, " what ho calls himself, ho
will answer ho is a Moolism, or believer.?-Ilis
country? Hied Moolistnin, tho laud of believ*
era.*' The Arahs distinguish them hv tho name
of Mcdui^ien, or towns-people. Kuropeans,
however, tiro in the habit of applying indiscrim
inately tho term Moor, not only to tho mass of
population in Northern Africa, but throughout
all Asia to tho confines of China t it is in fact
almost vvnonimous with Mussulman. The
Moors of Africa arc rigid disomies of Mahomet ?
they pray five times a day, with the face turned
towards Mecca ; perform their ablutions j cir
rumciv tl'ejr tnlc children | hr'ieve that every
man** destiny is preordained and written iu the
book gf fate j hate ami despite Christisus and
Jewstshat up their women}and oat coosco*
ao.--Thls U made of gwulated paste, in which
is smothered any kind of animal loot!, n dish uni
versally in use, from Arabia to the.shores of the
'Atlantic, and not unlike the pilaw of India, the
granulated flour of wheat being substituted for
.*? ?;i
The Moor never lauglis, and seldom smiles I
lis grave apd pensive appearance wcarsthe ex
nrnal characteristic of a thinking animal, but it
tlio mere result of habif j there is no heart,
pub
ideas, that
few of any
: next to the abstrertiejt from all i
the bath aeems to preponderate \ f
ink or opulence are without this luxury but
kerj largo town haa its public baths, which
onttrally annexed to some ceravsnsert or
ttMtenset Ahe^e the Moor gets himself well
lbbed down, and bis joints stretched or sham -
onedj Here hettae nis coffee, and lftrc he is
itoi
wild tales of geuii or
ad. ?iuine|Pvjw''' " ^
refiner
thus de^jbtik by col. .
hand,
,|d'r*oll
_ ? .jmm
?? Is long beafja^Wijfcl
regard to economy throws it back into tho
* tomould 4ne# into
i1'-*?this the colonel
I bating to satisfy tl?o
Idle on this i
ims of While on this subject, our
faro of an imperial feast sent to the'bouse of
the Knglish ambassador. It was brought b
under the load of a ban
I
readers inaj perhaps be amused with the bill of
faro of an imperii
ambi
westing
ow, the con tents,of which wore an enormous
howl, filled with the national dish, and
of the kitchen, C-orsocoo. This lining
itetlf was followed by an entire sheep,
cd indeed, and bearing evidence of having
J^ne the process of the kitchen, but vet,
appearentlvt possessing its intestines as in oays
ojyofe. The equivoque was, however, speeoi*
ly s<fgg{| for, incision being made, a bounte*
ous discharge of contents extruded, ready di es
ok 'Hous feueiful forms of puddings* for
?* minced meats, and indescribable et
Sfi i micrennr S^emoU as If this Arabesque
taste iwp een trained to adhere to tlie modes
nf nature.''.
.Superstition of the Moors.?The Moors aro
great observers o( ill omens; what they moat
dreed is the influence of an evil spirit or an evil
eve to counteract which thoy wear, charms
"round the neck, or carry in their stomach a por
tion nf the Koran.?TheUleal way of preparing
the last preventive is to write down certain
verses nf the Koran, to. bum tltfiin, and to mix
tlie ashes with some liquid to be swallowed
failing} thus fortified,a Moor is proofAgainst
supposed to walk abroad at night.
Moor of no ordinary cast of mind
hed with tho sacred periapt just
all the demons of " l)om Daniel's cave."
Among thoi. superstitions may l>e reckoned their
ahhorrence of block { their modu of expressing
;|he miinber live by four and one t their abstain
ing If om mentioning tho word death, which
they aVoid as cautiously ns the courtly divine
did'the ^mention of hell to the cars polite"
.Spirits beir
he must be
who, unfurnished wi
noticed, would venture abroad in the dark'; if
a person should dio suddenly, lie is struck by
some local demon. Thirteen in company is
an unlucky omen) but this superstition, like
some of the others, is not confined to the Moors
??many a good lady in Bnglancf would not sleep
comfortably if by any misfortune her company
at table had consisted of 13. Among other su
perstitions, an opinion prevails^ we bellove, in
all the four states, that it is ordained the Moors
shall loose their country on a Friday, during
the hour of prayers by the invasion of a people
clothed in red) yet so inconsistent ar6tj$y,
that at this hour p?I nates of every city are care
fully locked, as if bars and bolts could oppose
the decrees of fate. They arc not, however*
| mere theorist* in predestinations, but submit
I to ovary rhaugc of fortune with humble Vftlg*
nati/m,passing from a state of opulence ta that
|of misorv, without a murmur; and whond^eth
approaches, tho expiring man desires nothing
more than tlmt his face may be carefully turned
towards Mecca, and, when assured of his posi
tion, lie hears his suffering* with patience, and
leave* the world in peace.
Methyl of.Sepulture among the MeOrH.~The
dead nrc always dressed tor the gravo ) tlie earn,
nostril*, and eyelids are stuffed with a prepara
tion of camphor and tich Apices. An uiiinar*
ried woman is ornamented os a bride, and brace*
lets are put on her arms and ankles. The body
in wrapped in Ane white linen, Mortified at
Mecca, which is generally procured in their
life time, and carefully preserved for their hit
drew. At thp head of the coffin is placed a
turban, if the deceased bo a male, corresponding
with his rank) if * female a large bowjuet of
flowers?if a virgin, the loo, loo, ft*, is aung by
hired women, that she may not be laid In the
ground without having had the benefit of the
wedding song. On Fridays', the evo of the
Mahomedan Habhnth, tlje women visit the
tomb* of their deceased relations, under the
idea that on that day the dead hover round to
me*t their friends, end to hold commerce with
v.-"
thoso tliat maj be deposited near them f and on
this Account tuey conceivo it t<> bo the inure . -
cessary to dreais the dead, that they may not in
?such an assembly of uiioHtt complain of the ?.<?
.gleet of their refationa. The tombs are neatly
white-washed.,and-kept in constant repair;
flowers arc glinted round them, and no weeds
suffered to grow. H^pall chappeU are gener
ally .built ever the tomb* of persons of rank,
and decorated with fluwors placed in largo
.'nina \*fa(j??Livtrpool Courier.
i in ini i
aSbkJultubk.
TMK HUI?KKIVRI*rV OK AttlUCUl/ITKK.
Man ill a state; of nature, lives on the sponta
neous production? of the earth, or exists by hunt
ing and.foiling) he exerts his physical powers to
gratify his physical wants! Unacquainted with
the arts of civil life, JJk> vigour ami activity of
his bo<iy<|^|alono employed to procure those
necessaries which arc essential to the support of
his existence. Ashe advances towards civili
sation, ho exchanges the condition of a hunter
for that oC'% husbandman, and thus progresses
till h* formes acquainted with the arts of civil
? Id to the happiness, and tend to the
itloji.of society. The mother ofthuso
,tlturc t and among all the occupations
M Were I* perhaps nono which contributes
than it to the prosperity of societv, or to
> et|}oyment of individual happiness. * Where
'rewire greater opportunities of indulging
""?(luiuiteand fewer temptation* to \ice pit
If virtue will lie more successful!* ii.m!
l, and moral habit* mote extensively a? ?
quired. In the seclusion and retirement of a.
country life, man find* few temptations to c;t
from the path oi rectitude, and not familiarized
with those scenes of profligacy and vice *(> |W.?
<iu$ntly exhibited in cities, to the destruction
of mdrals and the annoyance ami injury u'-?
cicty. Occupietl in the cultivation of the earth,
and surrounded by rural innocence and sin ;.Ti
city, his desires arc regulated by the ?ib
around him. and lie feels but lew ii clitiaii? ns
to swervo from virtue, or plunge into the vor
texes of vice : his religion is the religion of !.is
ancestors, and is firm and stable; l.e m :kcu>
toined to regard it with reverence and respcct,
and habit as well as feeling render* it a neces
sary part of his happiness. '1'he pursuits of
agriculturu arc in themselves innocent nod
harmless; they occupy the mind sufficiently to
divert it from vicious todulgencies and splendid
dissipations; moral habits are formed which
subsequent vicissitudes cannot shake; and vir
tuous attachments acquired, that future tempta
tions cannot destroy. The fanner beholds
around him his own territory, with delight; his
desires are limited, by being released from the
extravagancies of fashionable life j his wants
are e.istly satUfio d; and the contemplation ot
a number of happy beings within the circlo of
his observation, adds to his felicity. "Agri
culture," says an English writer, "docs nut
encourago the spirit of dominion common to
rich commercial states, and is consequently
less involved in war and expense than they
husbandman contemplates (he limits
of hit little territory, and its cultivation is tho
boundanr of his ambition. A society of such
rocn lust not for foreign dominion; they are
satisfied with their piurn' possessions, and deeia
ir'folly to encounter the horrors and expenses
of war to olitaltrthf: possessions of others. Ac
customed from infancy to the physical anil
moral object** around 'them, tliev become at
tached to the spot which gave the'm birth, and
tho society to which they have been inured.
Their patriotism is thus augmented and cherish
ed ) health braces their arm. and comaue ani
mates thoir heart; they ftock to the standard of
| their country when its'liberties are threatened
and conquer or die in its defence. The love,
of country grows with their growth, and
strengthens with thoir strength. Freed from
the corrupting influence of gain, with strong so
cial and physical attachment!., their lov'o of
country is deep, unyielding, and indelible. In
dustrious from habit and from inclination, and
masters of what they possess, they feel their
consequence in tho scule of society, and become
important and useful to their country in pro
portion as they become independent and virtu
nus. Switzerland and Flanders prove that an
undisturbed ciiioyinent of that virtuous indr
ncitdcnco which results from agriculture, is bet
tor secured to an agricultural than to a com
mercial or manufacturing nation. The inhab.
Itants of these countries are bold, hardy, and
persevering--virtuous from their habits, and
Industrious and independent from the nature of
their pursuits i ami these distinguishing charac
teristics thov havetefained amid the convulsions
and revolutions of empires.
In the United States the agriculturalists from
tho most powerful and the most wealthy portion
of tho community. Tho same virtue, indepen
dence, and lovo of country are found in them
that aro seen in the agricultural nations of tho
old world. The United States, from their vast
extent of territory, will always he more agricul
tural than commercial. The produce of tho
land furms the most important branch of their
woalthj and in proportion as the population in
creases. the hab'.U of the j?eople will bocomo
more agricultural, and the bml more productive.
It it supposed that the three fourths of the pro.
duco of this country are consumed in it, und tho
balance exported. If this be correct it proves
that tho fitly, en* of the United States are, from
tho nature of thoir pursuits, independent of for
eign countries, and may at uny time, without
very serious injury, withdraw themselves from
the vices ami corruptions which an intercourse,
with foreign nations sometime* pioduce. Iti
order to ?J.ow Me produce of Und culfiwited in