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V ?jii..'.' u.'.i ? i-ug uu.mmijLux.. , .l.il . . . i i.j?i _j uj.ji?i ilj-jj , '[Wi.. 1.] t; COLUMBIA, (S. C.) TUESDAY, OCTOBER gg, 181C. !*Vni.1Mlf;n WKKKiT HV TIIOMAS W. LOHttAlN. YV-h* ?f S '/isrtifiii'iii.?Three Dollar* per annum, pay :?I)U- iti wlv.iiw e... \.i pajxv to Ih: d.hcflutnucil, Initul the opi.nit itt'Uic 1UIuntil r?ll vrcamgCA aie |i:ii<l. .Iilfx-rritrwitt not o\rn*JiU)f limi'tcelt ltn;.s :tvcrtt*<! thi' fi: it turn* lor newTy-flve CCIHH, ;?ul forty rent* tor tvtcli viSu-qiu-ut iitsr.-l.nn. fsttfr-4 tt> tlie K l.tnrtmiM '?c|Mi<nti?I,nr tlu?|> ?h* u$o* will In'rhatv*-! '<> the M,r.*rr. . ? -v.. J-a-L.JX MEfHC Vli. T" 'ruit *??iT>?n or tiii; Tixi^C'trr. Mr. /sorruin,?Wo K?nrn through various (haniiol* tiiHl tin* catarrhal epidemic disease of ;;ist winter has .continued to appear in sporadic instances during tlio whole summer ami present autumn, in varioussections of the Mate. Every mnv* of .lamp ciHtl days with tj>c wind from tin* north-east-ward, of which wo havo had an unusual number, has given riH? to swno casus of <.;ih distemper. The summer attacks havo been , '"'"ujiaralivcly mild j hut us tlie.A*(t|pm advan ces it is obvious thev begin to assume a more *e riotw aspect, and of Into in a neighboring dhu triet, I havo kariied that three or four cases of Mie angina have proved suddenly fatal. These circumstances, together with the history of the di< ui<e for tho last four years, in the northern ami middle state*, nilnnl grounds for a serious presumption t int a ; die winter approaches we may on revisited hv t'lis terrible calamity. It j* t lie re lore of the firsi importance that ?e should avail ourselves of every fact which mav a*>i?t us in successfully arreting im destructive of. tects.^ As tin ont-c.t.st's have hitheito proved the most irremediable ami mortal of any other tvnc winch has vet appeared in this country : ami as a case of this kind of tho mn,t rapid ami alarm ing nature was rc-ently attended bv Doct. K. I>. Smith and uiyacli', and was speedily ami happily cured by a very simple ami easy method, out wlnca I believe has not been generally, if at ull,pursued ; I have taken the liberty o'f com municating it through tho medium of your ?v per hoping it may provo publicly bcncAcial. I ?H?, dear Sir, yours, &c. ~ JAMKS DAMS Columbia, Oct ?>i. isj'i 1 A robust black man. aaed >!? vears, Mas sod donly attacked on n cool damp day with a sore t iroat. In a few lluurs a high fever supervened, accompanied with pungent heat of the surface and the full, laboring but soft pulse of thi tvnh ZZTr. S ?a,l|l w,,un .n,c,,ic?l ?'?? was first' ;,b. tamed, late in the evening, his tongue ami throat were ko swollen as to render articulation impos sible and deglutition very difficult, with a pJTcu. lorly heavy and stupid appearaure of the coun 'enance, resembling a state of intoxication 1 1 he usual remedies were applied for ansinose ulfectimn. But iu 11,? toins wcro prodigiously increased. His foyer was excessively high? his face and throat more swollen with external tumefaction } his tongue inflamed and project^out of the mouth ; tie glutition and articulation perfectly impossible ? respiration becoming i tor* difficultj tho jaws r\ ' Srlp'mT#U>VC'flu * W1lh<ctfli?icspasms uponev. ory eftorf to swallow, or oven upon being touch ed.In this desperate' Condition, our embarrass meht was extreme. The avenue to the stomach heing entirely closed, and the tumefaction of ?he tonirue and lances ho are.it an to render it impracticable to get into the mouth to scarify the fauces, or to introduce an elastic tube into the o-nophaguh lor the purpose of injecting remedies into the stomach, we calculated on remaininir as useless spectators of his speedy disJX l?> suffocation. I he pulse and concomitant symptoms forbid vetittsecfion. Our only nossi b e resource was in local applications. \V?? aD plied a largo episnastic to the throat i lm| the "nV,r? t,,M frvcr, ami the ranid progress of the engorueinent of the vessols' a! bout the throat, we could placo hut small rrli. ance on it alone. A libeial discharge of saliva ? !,!,",CU8/r0m }h* ????' Kcd vessels and glands ol the mouth and fauces was stronKl v indicated phut wo were uncertain what speedy ami effec tual agents to employ for this purpose. .f)^r usual internal sialngogucs were too slow in their operation.? for the rapid progress of the " , "*1 , l???wever. had reconrse to camphorated va por, produced by pouring boiling hot water on pulverised ramphor and hrentlo d from the snou Ol a tea-pot. This topical application was'a ! prided with partial hut cncooia^ing success considerable <1,charge of tl.fck?visi M rV" ' y wvcr> inhalation ? and an prarcd at least to check for four or f.vo hoSL T?JL 1 "f tlm failed ? About thiN time Doctor Smith, in turning ove a volume of the London Medical Uevii-w, f?? !| ? casein so many respects analogous tin* we rea hl v resorted to the method of treatment there Ijil tln ',' aUV 1,1 "hl/[o state that t.ie eflfects were not only parallel to those recorded iu that communication! but wen* ei?al to our most sanguine expectations. The floor of mustard mixed with wafer, there recoin. Inonded, uas seoulously employed e*erv five or ten minutes through the afternoon and iiighf During this time, boueiet, ti.o inustard could only be taken into the mouth and retained there lor a minute or t?ot hut could notlm got into the ^ f.iroat (?r toe purimso of gargling. |r,,on uldeh'ixil^ Tl fvmt ??wVa*| I . 1 c J! "?M'?wcd, oas so Vivcid as to reouiro the aidof an aoif tantlo draw it foitl,, ami the quanfity discharged after every application of Hie mtlsfaid wasatifonishiug t tile a^tfieiato du : rin? ???ri,.,,,1 SSSftX near Hire** pints. 1 his oischaigo immediately 1 <7.?ir ,'Vr* i liad sf? reduced the uiMffacdon, by nigfjf, f|,?t he was able to swal. f q'tanliticd of |J ^ little tefatdc fl|>?isms. fn the morning lie was enabled to contain tho tongue within nis mouth, to articulate, ami to take the mustard in his throat and rattle it with energy. His fever, however* continued. Frequent stini ulatig enemas were administered, anil <lu?ing the ni^ht, hv assitluousand urgent attention* he had swallowed about half n pint of Madeira wine. In the morning, ah tl.e now or of dcglliti tinn was considerably restored, we exhibited by tjic mouth tho strong camphorated mixture I and a combination of vin: antimon: with luu* d.-jtfum alternately every (Wo hours, together | with a moderate use of Madeira wine. In the evening a profuse perspiration win oxcitcd, which mitigated the fever. Tho same medicines were continued through thn night. The next morning ho was nearly free from fever?he wan animated and desired food, and his throat gave Idm but littlo uneasiness. We thou administer ed the concentrated tincture of bark freely nml in two days moro he wan restored to health, oxcept tho soreness of tho blister and debility. In angiunae forms of tho ruovailing epidemic, which but too often preclude tho posnibilitv of administering general remedies, and which it is apprehended arc generally accompanied with a typhoiH statu of tho system, and of tho character of the angina nquosa ol Sauvages, or rather of thn auginrf <edomato*a of Murartau, topical sialogogucs, seem not only to promise almost tho R<nn chance of relief, but even in case* where tho avenue to the stomach is. not closed, are rationally indicated as the most powerful ami direct mean* for disgorging tho infarctod vessels at)d glands immediately din eased and which threaten the immediate and moil imminent danger. The sole object of this communication is to attract attention to tho use of topical mqIo-^uos in the management of t|)roat-ca.<ps of tho catarr hal epidemic. Although fortunately for thi<t I community, the present is the fir?t violent case ' of this disease which I have witnessed ; yet from authentic information it lias prove' ?? greater scourge in some of thu districts o > < htale than all >he other 1'ofins united. If topical si alogogu. , should be found to be sufficiently potent to prevent tho catastrophe of gangrene, nitpporation or suilocatiou from the local attci ? lion of the throat; the immediate and immiaent I danger will be removed ; and such time given | for the management of the constitutional febrile affection as generally to allow our efforts to be I crowned with success. And although camphor ated vanour was first resorted to, and flour of mustard afterwards relied on in this case, yet possibly some sinlogogucs still more potent and convenient may bo resorted to hv olliers.* Ah it is known that stimulating substances gene rally, when applied to the month ?tI fnuce* promote secretion therefrom ; and as it is prob able there are no specific properties cither in camphor or mustard for this purpose; they are mentioned hero only because they have been successfully tried. The point which i* considered of importance is the local depletion ami disgorgement of the itifurctcd vessels and dands immediately affcctcd ami threatening the most imminent danger ; and which it is probable cannot bo so speedily, directly and effectually relieved by any other method as bv sialogo^tiC),. To corroborate this idea I will insert the case alluded to above, from Dr. Ma* cartan, London Medical Kc\io\v volume third. TIIK ( UK Several cases have come under my observa tion, of sore throat, wherein 1 have often been nehensive that my patients would have been suffocated. In almost every instanco a gargle Imppi ebt siccus j and an 1 am anxious that no valuable of mustard has l>een employed with tho Ami speedy a remedy should he as generally known as possible, I nave extracted the fnl]ow* nig ease from my note hook ; and as it gave'rise to its U:te, I preferred selecting it, on that ac count) to scvetal others very analogous to it. Towards tlie middle of July 170% a laboring mason, being enrolled for the national guard, presented himself in this capacity to tho Milita ry Hospital at Valenciennes, to which I was then physician, for a peripneumonia catarrhalis. lie was bled, pnrged, and blistered, which, with the assistance of some diaphoretic expectorants, nearly recovered him by the end of the same month. His appetite was good, and ho had no further complaint, except an abundant expecto ration, characterised by all tho signs of a criti cal evacuation. 11 was at this period that he thought proper to quit the hospital without be ilia discharged therefrom. .Sixteen days after wards I was called in to attend him nt his bro ther's, gave me the Inflowing lie runaway from the hospital he was exposed to a shower of rain tiiat soaked him through and through t that wheiihe came in this wet condition iutothehouse, he complained of being very cold i was soon after seized with shivering**, and the next day with a sore throat | that not daring to shew himself at the hospital, he had consulted another physician, who directed him to lie bled three Miccessive times | that after each bleed ing lie found hiin?olf more embarrassed in the throat , and tlmt as ho was daily getting worse, and,his life dfcstnired of, ho sent foi me. At this time he hau a very violent cough, attended with a raisin;; of a mycuom substance from the lungs as far as the top of the larynx, where it lomaincd producing dreadful agitations of the system, ho not being able to soft it out on ac count of the tumefaction of tlie fauces. The swelling of tho throat WAt sorb as entirely to imiiedo deglutition* and totally suppress the voice. The respiration was very laborious, tho who, (the patient being unable to speak) e the following account : That soon after ? Tlie *?nlhoxybmt fr?xinif< known to to a puttt slat pulsebeat unequally, ami about (16 in tho min ute, reuniting those which tlio difficulty of the breathing occasionally intercepted. 'I be part 1 could kcc of the swelled fauces was not accompa nied, with that great degree of paleness and soft ness which uro reckoned by tfauvages as the cha racteristic si^ra <f the nnpiton aquosa.-? There was no compression on the jugular veins, to produce any effects analogous to the artificial angina, which Lower effected on the dog by the ligature round the neck. The great* distension of the parts, the state of tl.? pulse, the reduced situation of thu patient, the eftbet of the preceding bleeding*, the counte nance of the person, tlio continnance of the s>f? faction and other concomitant syinptoms) all at tpstedthe presence of the angina aquosa, or, if 1 may be permitted the expression the angina a>(lomntosa ? consequently tlio indication was to evacuate the accumulated scrum by prompt means, in order to prevent the great existing danger nf my patient being suffocated, or bein^ attacked wit.) apoplexy. 1 prescribed immedi ately as follows : 1. A n irritating purgativeglystcr, composed of one ounce of antimonial wine and ten of senna infusion. 2. Cupping-glasses about the clavicles. 3. A large hliMer to tho nape of the neck. ?I. A gargle composed of a strong decoction of the radix pvrith. with oxymol of squills, aromat 1 ic tincture, and can de luce. Hut apprciiensive that the preparing of this parglo would cause an immense lo>s <if time, ancl aware of a sudden dissolution, I directed, in order to lose no time, some (lour of mustard to be put into some water, in the proportion of two table ?poonful? to half a pint. I urged him to gnrgle Ins throat with it, but he inado signs with Ii'ih hands that he could not. I then ordered a little of it to be moved about in his mouth : the same impossibil ity. I then insisted upon Ins keeping a little in his mouth for t*o or three minutes, when he was obliged to let it out from the accumulation | of saliva. In this munner it was employed in , mv presence for half an hour, and the flow of 1 saliva was astonishing, liefore I left the room, f which was near an hour from the time he began i the mustard gargle, he could articulate the word I'1 better,M tntiut induced me to continue its I use in preference to any other. When I visit I ed him at night, I was really astonished to find ho could gargle his throat with freedom, and an swer 1110 every question I put to htm. The blister on t'*e nape of the ncck was, at the de sire of n?y patient, removed and a little potna (turn laid over the skin, which was becoming red. The morning following, when I called up {him, I found him in high spirits eating and sing ing !! LITKIIAJIY. I'KOf.UKSS OP TIIF. If. ST ATI'S IX I.I PP.lt ATUKR. When wo come again to speak ?l' tlio depros -*mI literature of our country?when wo begin to fcUtch its "short and simple annals," we arc at n loss to imagine what language patriotism could hold upon the subject. In the minglud feeling* of humiliation and hope, we forgot tlio hi-h national destinies we had predicted. In thin desolate department there is nothing to ho <een of our " gigantic growth,** tliat has aston ished the nations of Kurope. After pausing by t!ic glories of our arms, and the prosperity of our arts; when we come to look for the "march of mind"?for tho monuments of genius; for Ihc power to consecrate to the love and veneration of posterity, what tho spirit of our country's chivalric age has won?itself object of a better pride ; the attainment of a higher ambition ; the ornament, as it ought to he the offspring of free (loin and civilization?wo see ourselves in the poverty of our national outset, and feel again tlie subjugation of a " colonial policy." It is not for tho pride of learning, it is not for the mere honors of a national literature, that we feel any zeal t it is because we think it ititiis pensiblc as the preservative of our liberties that a taste for stuny should be generally ditVused. Our wisest and nest men have maim learning tlie business of their lives, not for themselves, but for tho benefit of their country i not as an idle embellishment, but ns tho palladium of our freedom; as the only antidote that can ho found against the meanness and selfishness of avarice and ambition. ' Tho stronjrost1 and most dis graceful trait in our national character, say fo reigners, is an inordinate love of gain. This pernaps is the only charge they make that can not bo repelled, it is too true?wo sec this foul spirit every where) inveterate, restless, resist less, and universal. Among tho noor we see it frugal, industrious, humble, and useful?but linking in spirit as it rises in its views j becom ing of conscqucnco only as it bccomes corrupt; hero mingling in war, and there raving for peace; here villainously filling public office, auo thero violently inflaming party opposition ?carrying patriotism to tho market and princi ple to the devil. I)r. Hcattio says of literary taste, that he who has it not " Must delve for life in Mammon's tlirty mine, HneA with tlie scoundrel fox, or grunt with gimtnn swine." We have sometimes, in the public journals, heard classical learning mentioned with con tempt. We are very sure that those who wrote thus, were not only ignorant of their subject, hut also profoundly ignorant of human life. In tho fine arts, and in what is termed film lit erature (the department lenst useful in the com mon employment* of the world) thero are vavious obvious and incalculable uses t not merely ?? they prcsont an honorable mode for tho rich to Uisposo of their superfluous wealth; nor because tfiey afford tlio occupation to ' those in (he higher circles who have no regular;j btiBincsr, (the employment of whose time )<*' nevertheless of (he greatest importanco to soci*: ty) nor ns they till delightfully the vacant spaces that must fometiineB occur in the lives ; of the most busy } ami hy oil those mean*, fur nioli a preservative against dangerous ami dit* graceful habits j but chiefly, from the 44 high houl'tl" generous sentiments they inspire* at * the vigor and ardor they give to tlte ltdti Without literature there 1a iio civilisation?Fc' are aware how factitious the sentiment* oi, the world are; how radically -dlrorent;^ they have boon in different nations: Animal $ instinct points out our few natural wants, nniLi'i if we live for nothing further, our souls nnfm unnecessary to tin?but all beyond is witldt* ^ tlin province of genius ; and eloquence, poetry* 1 (minting, &c. are tfie means which sho usert (; to gi^e to our miuds the only distinction* thofc , thoy can claim over the rest of the aniiual cre ation*. Several Instances such as tho Ravage* <; ot'Avoyron, move,that wiUiout those excite-' inents the soul would lie dormant, and give no ; tokena if rationality. It is not our object hero 1 to medllc with th'e jarring doctrines of mcta physiciins, except to reject for ourselves tho > sccnticrl ones, by referring to tho revelation as the f rst light and lifo of tho mind t as tho system ?>f fundamental principles by which tho cultivation of intellectual powers is to bo di- *; reeledt but which should always be accotn panied by a knowledge of nature-^-by the study of whatever moves the feelings, and moulds the motives of the human heart. Religion* anions a people without such cultivation, in only the engine of oppression in tho hands of the unprincipled. It man be therefore, tho child of education, it becomes no one to despiso that to which he owes (albeit in a low degroo) the power he possesses of reasoning at all. Thl* worst individual among us, is somewhat raised by the ennobling feelings that leuruing has dif fused : the must ignorant is enlightened by tho ? very works he has never read. The vilest scribbler, who can hardly give a sontenco of { " common sense or uncommon nonsense," has nevertheless, had his taste in some sui t puri tied, hv those clonic streams uhor.e fountain* he disdains to approuch. ,;'i 44 Promote as an object of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion ofknowl* edge"?snvs Washington in his furewoll S&l dress. Washington was no literary man, ami | for this reason wo give his opinions in prefer-/ cnce to tlioso of tho Franklins and the J effort sons of the a^c ; because people are least credited in tho subject of their ruling pas; than elsewhere. Washington advised as politician?Hut we forget the history 61' ture in the discussion of its importance. It is thought that there aro too many semi nuries of learning in the l.'nited States; or a least that there are too many of tho higltQ! order. There are about thirty colleges, sever! teen of which were founded net ween they 1783 and 1800. One hundred years ago |1 were only three. It were much to be deal that the money expended on so many had fc appropriated to a few. Academies are go merous tlm(, as there has been no actual mcration, it is impossible for us to state tho ber. liven common schools abound, pe sufficiently?at least in the towns. Bat. every kind of schools the want of good teach is the great defect) which i*. evidently ow!< to the small inducement that there is tor w of learning to devote themselves to the husifii of teaching and not to want of persons oua fled. 1st almost every department of education tl|^ New-Kngland states Imvo taken the lead, thoug in Home branches of learning they have, of yeai she cn surpassed by gomo of their ftiflt states. Harvard college, the first in A merit wan instituted in Massachusetts in 1 f?;?D?si| c.ilied the I'niversity of Cambridge. It received its mime from Mr. Joint Harvard, at his death, bequeathed to it the greater; of his estate. It has an excellent library*' present, consisting of 18,000 or 10,000 voluif In 109.) William and Mary college was int porated at Williamsburg in Virginia. 'J ... establishment was obtained by the exertional of Mr. James Hlair, who came to the province in the capacity of a missionary. Al ter soliciting/ money from the people of this country for that purpose, he made a voyage to Europe to accom-1 ptish it. This college, though endowed with ' extensive fund*, was ill attended lor a loll#? time, on account of the habit that southern? planters hail of ncn. tng their sons to Great Hri-; tain for education. It i-? said that polltic6tPf science is studied here with mom attention ?hit success than at any other college in the 1/tiHWV 1 tftates. The library contains Ix-tween 3,000 and ?l,ooo volumes. In 1701 a college was elected at Savbrook', (Cnnnectiuit) which was afterward* called Vale College, in honour of governor Tluttnu? Yule^j (formerly governor in India,) on account of hhjl repeated a< is or generosity, to the institution/ ?; Tne philosophical apparatus is thought to 1/ ctpial to any in tl in ?*?.??*,?ry and the libra' . contains above /5,0tJ0 volumes. 11 attended by n great numlier of students, and t'te futnh arc said to bo large. In IMflft college was founded at Kjii'/abetlj. town, (Ne?v-Jersey,) called NasAii-tittl!. The ne\t year it wos removed to New-Ark, and jr< 17ft' to Princeton its present situation. In 180*3 it was burnt* but was immediately rebut), in a superior et>U-. It has, we believe, thcJ t?e-st refutation of any college in America, par/ ticularly fur classical learning and polUw tic. erature. 'Hie philosophical apparatus i:? cellent andtho library is becoming te^pe. ble. I If! IH?T io eyJ M Y