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THE
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COLUMBIA, (8. C.) TUK8DAY, OCTOBER 15, 1816. [No. 43.]
??pi?a in i ii -i rnmrnnr?i mmmsdmmmmmmmmmmrnimtsmmmmmmammmmmmmmammM ii i i?
ri'MLUMtn wr.r.Kir
HY THOMAS W. LOUKj
TVrmi 0/ Stthtcriptitn.?Thrc? Dollars p<
able in advance....No paper to Ih?
the option rtftlifl Kditor, unlilull
Athtrtiwntnt* not otccotlm^' lixir'efn 11
the tiino f<tr wveiily*flve i-Milt, anttl
p;m-!? Kiilttcpu ia in4crt.cn. f*turt to tl
Ik* postpaid, or the potta^ will l?o ch!\r|
uii-uii.|l'j?.ui.jii jLiuiJi-iHiuiuiJ
STATISTICS.
INUMiltRSH OP I IIK t'NITKO SI'hm
It would go t?? the exclusion of mop vttlu
realtor from this volume of thn Hegltcr, were
i we (o ijive detailed tnblcaof the progress and ex.
I / tent of American commerce t and, fortunately,
it ia unnecessary, an Mr. I'itkin'* '^Statistical
View*' can easily be procured by all who mav
wish to examine* the subject. The Aadera of
that work might* perhaps, Hi.ppo?e#it <|?ficient in
its nccount of the early condition ant prop est*
ot manufactures x but after a good dva a ro?
H^nreb. \r* convinced ourselves that better ac
count* are not to lie found. Before Mr. Coxe
wrote his view of the United States, people iind
not bestowed any attention upon the subject, so
that he had few regular data to found Ins esti
mates upon.
As a.general view of this subject is necessary
to our purpose, we shall give sucu brief nketch
es, and sums total, as may shew our national
progress, and refer those who m ish for the
items to more voluminous statements.
In 1060 if was first found expedient to check
the prosperity of the ^louses. The famous i>?v.
?cation act was then passed, entitled " an act
for the encouragin" >nd increasing shippinvr and
navigation,** whicn restricted the trade ?f (|H
? olonift. to the mother country, fn ano
ther act prohibited the colonies from obtiiininu
any Ruropean goods, except ? in Rrtgli?|, built
?hipping, and through English ports where
they were subject to duty, and several without
drawback. In the year 1760, the colonial trade
was confined to the mother country, and that
part of Europe that lies south of (Capo Finis
torro , and to certain ports of Africa, for the
purchase of slaves and to the West-Indies.
?To the articles that were confined to the
r.nglish market, by tl?e navigation act, sych us
sugars, tobacco, cotton, dye-woods, others were
at different period* added, such as molasses,
tar, pitch, turpentine, hemp, masts, &c. cop
per ore, iron, pot and pearl ashes, furs, hides,
rice, lumber, &c. but the two latter articles
were afterwards placed among the non enumer
ated commodities.
Towards the year 1730 it appears, that the
r.ulmmtn Wan 4o attmnpt nome rude manufac
tures of linen and woollen cloths, him, pa
per, hats. &c. for their own use ; but the Bri.
tisli merchants and manufacturers began to com
plain t and in consequence of their represen
tations, the house of commons, in irflf, direc
ted the board of trade and plantations t? make
report 44 with respect to laws, manufactures set
up, or trade carried ou by the coloniei. detri
mental to the trade, navigation or manufacture*
of Great Britain." As their report corf ains, the
best account that i? to br found, of tie condi
tion of American manufactures at that period,
we shall take some of its stat?jment<.~
It first complains, that in " Massachusetts bav,
an act was made to encourage the manufacture
of paper." "In New Kngland" addi the rei
port, ? New-York, Connecticut, Uhoje-lsland,
1 ennsylvania, and in the county of Somerset in
in Maryland, they have fallen into lie manu
facture of woollen cloth, and linen clcth for the
use of their own families only."
" *n,, likewise eas lv raised,
tiie inhabitants manufacture them into coarse
aort of cloth, bags, traces, arid halter* lor their
horses, which they found did more service than
those they had from any part of Kurcpe." " It
were to bo wished, that some expedient miuht
tie fallen upon to direct their thoughts from un
dertakings of this nature." &c. h %as stated
that in New-Hampshire, " there were no set
tled manufactures, and that their trade princi
pally consisted in lumber and fish." In Massa
chusetts they only worked up their " wool and
llax for their own use, and did not export any
That the greatest part of the woollen and linen
clothing worn iu the province was impoited
front Great Hritain, and sootefiiiie* from Ira.
land." ?* That there were also a few list ma
kers in the maritime towns, and that the great
er part of the leather u?ed iu that country, was
manufactured among themselves. That there
had been, for many years, some iron works in
thai province, which had afforded the people
iron for some of their necessary onasious > but
that they were not able to supply the twentieth
part of what was neccssary for the use of the
country."
" They had no manufactures in New-York
that deserve mentioning. Their trade consis
ted chiefly in furs, whalebone, oil, pitdi, tar
and provisions. No manufactures in New-Jer
eey.* "The chief trade of Pennsylvania lay
in provisions and lumber i no manufactures be
ing established." ?? I*y further advices ftom N.
Hampshire, the woolen manufacture appears to
have decreased." The manufacture of flax in
to linens, some roarse, some fine, daily increas
ed, by the treat resort of people from I,eland,
? ?n ^at business."
* fy '?<? accounts from Massachusetts Bay,
the assembly voted a bounty of thirty shillings
fur every piece of duck, or canvass, made in
the province. Home other manufactures are
carried on Iherej such as brown IloUand, for
women ? wear, which lessens the importation of
calicoes, and some other fcaat.India floods."?
r It ***?!? ^rcc J?ars ago, they
Massachusetts) make to the value of 000*.
sterling yearly." 44 lit New-England the.v havo I
mx furnaces ami nineteen foi-ges, fin* making
iron, one slitting mill, and a mnnufacturt! for |
nails. That many shins are built for the French
and Spaniards, in return fur ruin, molasses,
wines & silk*. wkich they truck thero by conni
vance." In Pennsylvania " wore built many
bi igantincs ami small sloops, which tlicy sell to
the West-Indies." It was further observed
that 44 the trades and manufactures set up, pre
judicial* &c. were to the uorthivartl of Virginia."
Macpherson in his *4 Annals of Commerce,"
Vol. III. says of thu colonists, I atn now to
write of a people whoso frugality, industry ami
temperancu, and the happiness of whose lawn
ami institutions promise "them lung life, with a
wonderful increase of riches ami powor j and
although no men ought to envy that wisdom and
virtco in others, uhfh they either can or will
not practise, &.C.?yet ot? old England suffers di
minution from the growth of these colonies,"
&(.,?ha ni'occ?d? to whew how tiitfir prosperity
I ouglit to be restrained. His acciAirits of their
productions nnd condition are hi mi I in ? to those
given in the report aliove referred to.
In IT3.V an act was passed, !a ?'ing a duty of
nine pence sterling on every gallon of ruoi, nnd'
*lx pence on every gallon of molasses, imported
into the northern colonies, and it wait called 44 an
act for the better securing and encouraging the
trudc of his majesty's sugar colonies." It vas
much complained of, and wa* afterwards i?*du.
ced to six pence on rum, and three pence on mo
lasses. Another net was pa?sed (:1 Geo. 1
prohibiting the trade in American ports, making
it even unlawful to ha\e them ?? louden upon
any horse, cart, or (/her carriage, to the intent,
or'purpose to be exported." &?\ My the sume
art, no person in the colonics could make hats
unless he hud served an nppicntkc.ship of sewn
years } nor could he employ more than two ap
prentices at any one time.
In an act was passed prohibiting, under
severe penalties the erection of am slitting mill,
plating forge, or furnace tor making steel. Hv
the aume ait, pig iron was ad-nhle.I. duly free,
into England, and hat iron, duty free, into the
wort of London. Iloun'io* had Wen given fbv
3 a>;d 4 Ann c. lt'^ upon the importation of lur,
pitch, ronin, turpentine, ma^ts, yard* and bow
sprits from the colonies ; and nubf.equently up
on indigo, hemp, llu\, timber, raw silk, and
staves: and the London society, 44 for the en
couragement of urts, manufactures and com
merce," offered premiums, in 1 r33, upon the
production and culture of certain articles in the
colonics. Again in 17t>2, gave premiums on the
importation of cochineal, sturgeon, raw nj"'.,
acuinmony, opium, pursimau gum, silk grass,
Hatt-petre, pot mid pearl ashes { and on the cul
ture of log wood, olive trees, vines for raisins,
vines for wines, cinnamon, aloes, hemp silk ami
sasttaparilla.
Lord Sheffield gives the trnde between (it-eat
| llritain and these colonies, that aie now the I'ni
I ted states, as follows :
Import* Exports t?>
IIh' I'lilniiiCi
\vi'n((f Fmrn i. ?? </? /. ? </.
ir<K?irw *65,78.1 o >o .? 4
1; 101? irj<? 392,05 i 17 u ;<?5,.m.? f> 111,
17-SMo 17.10 578,.m0 17 4 47I..1I2 12 l?'l
17.1.) in 1740 670,128 1?? (M 1 ,;rt II 1.
1740 ?o 708,91.1 6 6J 812.617 1.1 r.t
1750 to 176) 892,691 til 1,577,419 14 J.J
1760 to 1770 1,041,591 17 <? 1,76.1,4u9 10 3
1770 to 1730 74.1,5(50 10 10 1,111,206 1 5
Import* from the I'trited Stale-* to Kngland,
and export* from KtigUiid to the United States.
i'rtir- Import* F.SiXirlt
In tl.o )<?..!? 17H4 J. 749,345 Li,l>79M'7
1THS 89.5,594 'J,.108,02.1
1786 841.119 1,60;l,4f?3
I7?7 W 1,657 2,009,111
17 ><8 1,02.1,789 1, *86.142
1789 . 1,040,198 2,525,298
1790 . 1.191,(171 .1.431,778
i'nrt r.xniit* lm|H>rtH.
i7 M ss o.i2i,o6'? 8:;,.ii.i,i?i
17?X? 17.141,11.1 .11,9*28,685
1797 6,6.17,421 27.101,067
1708 11,978,870 17,410,770
1799 10,950,428 29,1.1.1,319
1?00 19,084,60'! .12,877,059
18'?1 10,1.11,121 .10,510,219
Total 1 niiiorts paving ad valorem duties:
to vt .tr I HOI % 5'. .'>69,254 In year 1W7 R 57,820,51 J
1802 17,5*16 051 l'V?8 21,316,9.11
1101 .16,842,865 }8<?9 28,549,588
l?o4 41,481,161 1810 52,476,125
1805 49,148,064 1811 21,871,951
1806 54,8J2,89rt 1812 24,729,282
Export* to Great Britain and Ireland, in IHO-2,
1803 and 1804, were at thu following annual
Average :
I) >inc^tic produce, ft 1.1,410,000
Fore gu mrrcliunilite 2,26o,000
ft I 5,69.>,000
Awi igo import ?, tor tlir *;iine >e.'ir?, ft 27.400,000 I
Exports to (treat Britain anil Ireland i I
t I
m! 1
If'irt Foreign ^ ^ '
IVunc??.r
Produce 0 u T
?ifi 9
18<t> 11,912,6*1 ft M7 ?.6r>0 ft 31.556,150
1806 12,7.17,911 2,155.582 .15,779,245
Jh/7 21,1-22,1 ?'l 2,027,650 .I8,9ill,81.i
18 iS .1.09.1.978 106,327 18.818,882
?H<9 5,326,194 2)9.406 17.617,512
I! 10 11,188.4.18 892/4.15 29,123,603
1811 1.1,184,551 554,757 25,.138^44
1H12 . 4,662,296 .17,187 7.66.1,179
181.1 11,298,281
? A# ne irly nil the HritWh fjond* pay ml valorem du
tiei, tft'n lint uliewi dio import* I'rom tire-.it Hritain with
toleraldc ticcurnty.
Value of export* from the United State* each
year, from 1790to 1H14, beginning with Hcpt.
30.
Yean. 1791 B 19,019,041 Fear* 1801 ft 55,800,031
1792 20,753,098 1804 77.699,074
US M !5?? ??M^!
IfM 47,989,472 i8or
1796 67,064,097 . 1808 23,4.W.960
irvr 56,850,206 18U9 52,203,281
1798 61,527,097 i8io 66,7 57,970
179? 78,565,332 1811 61,.116,833
1800 70,971,780 1813 .18,527,316
1801 94,115,935 181.) 37,8.>5,9971
1803 73.481,100 1814 6,927,441
Value of domestic producc tsxjH?ct?<l from the
United Htates, from 1H03 to 1814, to Septem
ber 30.
Vtinmi B 42.W5.96l Ycnn.. 1809 ft31,405,7o2
1804 41,467,477 - 1HJ0 43,. 166,675
18 >5 42,187,002 1811 4 .,394,04 J
189<> 41,25.1, T37 1812 3V>32.1</9
1807 48.C99.A92 1H11 25,UOH,t52!
lH?iB 9,433,546 1811 6,78?i,272|
'i'lte exports of domestic crowth and nianu
fac\u re are distinguished an follows.:
l*i, The produce of the mm.
2d, produce of the forest.
k 3d, The produce of agriculture. 1
4Ui, Tl?e produce of niaimracuiics
Tin* value of the produce of (lie sea is not as
ct uvifted until that of 1803, when the account
of fish is 461,870 quintal* of dried fifth, To,831
bids, of pickled fisn? 11,5(10 krgs of do. all val
ued at ft 2,G35,<>0<). In 179D, thete were ex
ported 373,237 quintain ofdiied lish, and 57,-124
inbls. ol pickled fish, ami the quantity increased
?' raduahy until 1803, from vhich time it wan as
uIIowh :
I c.x > 3 gy
* I 4- -3 Ti i * I
XT ?*! h I* - ?
Vejri. t ? 5 0 R I
o i. z c & c r
-> ?, "?? A ->
j
??*>?.!.* poli.s. noi.it. i?,r.M.
; I H<1\ _M.??,000 4,850,000 32,995,000 1,155,000
i urn 3,120,00'} 4,630,000 30,800,000 2,100,000
1 1835 2,184,000 5,261,?J00 31,562,000 2,300,000
i mx; .:,U6,qo>) 4,8^1,00') 30,13.1,000 2,707,000
1 IK?7 3,1)4,000 5.476,000 37.8.', >.000 3.120,"00
lfmrt a J, 00') l..>99,000 6,?.|<?,ooo .',44,000
is.r; 1.710,000 4.581,00(1 23,234,OoO 1.506,000
' 1H10 1,4*1,000 4.978,000 3..,50?,00t> 1,917,000
1K11 1,411,000 5,287.0(A) 33,556,000 2,:76.?fciO
I IH12 9.tj,000 3.701,0(K) 24,355,000 1,353,OiW
1813 .lA,000 #1,107,000 23,119.0V) 390.000
1 1814 IW.000 570,000 5,613,000 246.000
j Thus, it appears, that in the years 1805, 180fi
?ami IH07, betort trade became emharassed, the
j value of exportdof domestic produce and man
ufacture was 8 114,590,532, being anaverage of
11.8)3, 57 a y^ar, and of exports of foreign
produce and manufacture S> 173,105,813 or 57,
701,937 a year.
Mr. Burke in hh speech on American attaint,
in 17T4, has the fillowiog observation* : 44 As
to the wealth which the colonist* have drawn
from the sen, by Iheir fisheries, you had all
that matter fully opened at your bar! You sure
ly thought these ac quisitions of value, fur they
seemed lo excite your envy j and yet the spirit,
by which that entcrprrnug employment ha*
l>e?T? exercised, ought rather, in my opinion, to
liarn raised c.*tecm .and admiration. And
sir, \t hat in the world is equal to it??
by the other parts, six! look at the manner
in which the New-r'ugland people, of >ate,ca
ried on the whale fishery. AVhile we follow
them among the tumbling mountains of ice, hr
hold them penetrating into I lie deepest frozen
rcce**esof Hudson's ami I)a\is* straits j while
we are looking for tliem beneath the arctic cir
cle, we hear that they have pierced into the
apposite region of polar cold ; that they are at
(he antipodes, and engaged under the frozen
serpent of the south. Vaulkland Inland, which
seemed too remote anil romantic an object for
the gra*n of national ambition, is but a stage
and resting place for tlieir victorious industry.
Nor is the eqninoxial heat more di?cnuragiiig to
(hem than the accumulated winters of both
pedes. We know, that while some of them
draw the line or strike the harpoon on the coast
of Africa, others run the longitude and pursue
their gigantic game aloug (lie coast of itra/il.
No seu, but is vexed by their fisheries; no cli
mate (hat is not witness to their toils?Neither
the perseverance of Holland,nor the activity
of France, nor the dexterous and firm sagacity
of Knglish enterprise, over carried their most
"perilous industry to the extent that it has been
pursued by this recent people?a people who
are still in tlm gristle mid not hardened into
manhood.M
\?rav,
ra?> 1
l.'uitnl Slalr# Revenue &c.
Kr<?m 4tli Mnrrli, 1781), lliri',|iiN Kspcnlil't.
to tlie .51 ?t of life. 17?>1 4,118,01.; I.7IR.1J9
1792 .1,66|,<).;2 1,766,077
179-1 4.614.421 1.707.14H
17!> I .1.126. 1 )j .t.V>U?148
I/9S ?.V4, vj-l 4 ..110,596
17<>6 7.1.7,423 2?111.9.10
1/97 ?. ;< j,r;.i,a9?
17'JS 7.8.N.J7.1 4,62.1,2 >3
17!^ 7,47.1,7/3 6,489,166
1KUO 10.777.7W 7,4II,W9
1H01 ! 2.84(1,,1.10 4,981,669
13,668,'23.1 3.7J7.079
180.1 ll.Ort4.W7 4,092.824
lHO| M,H?6..J07 4,4.12,8.18
in ij,.160,69.1 r?,.wr,?.H
|H>6 11.1.19,911 6,080,2U9
| h <7 16, ?9H.<U9 4,981,172
IH'iS 17,0(?'t,i..il 6.504,3)8
18>9 7.77?.473 7,414.673
1810 :HJ.J14 .1,311,082
1811 14,423,329 3.W},fa 4
To the 30tli September, 1812 6.927,/iKi 11,760.292
HJ1A.786.78I 108,192/221
are omitted Irtit taken m tliv num? total.
KcccipW from tlw euatom*, ft 199,.124,1.11
Internal revenue, 6,460,00.1
D rfct tax, A ? I.7J7JM0
Toit^ce, 667,348
8-itt of puMic land ', C. 161,1aI
Miicellamrnn, 1,216,773
821.1,786,70J
Of the extent of manufactures, in the colo
nic*, we can inako no estimate ; nor would it tic
important, if it were practicable t but it would
bo desirable m a curiosity. It was not then
considered a busings worth tlio trouble, to pass
through the cottage* of the poor?to count their
tv?b? ?od their itocking^to nark <to humble,
yet great efforts, which were sileutly, but se
curely, working the independence of a future
mighty nation. It in not necestary to repeat
the title of the will known difficulties with
which they had to struggle; nor of the aston
ishing ingenuity and perseverance which thelv
ntct'Ksilicih culled for'5. | and which has since
become our Hist national characteristic?a spir
it that alter removing the miseries of penury
from the huts, which rash adventure had scat
tered aloug the savages' forests?aspired to min
ister to the infinitely more numerous wants of
luxury Miid pride ; nor stopt there?hut march*
ed dark and dangerous, into the fields of battle,
and slept out ?ipon the grout deep, sweeping
with ten thousand hand*, tho strangling cojn
morce uf the foe from every sea.
Before our revolutionary disputes commen
ced, the people had begun to feel that they were
compelled to render themselves ]c*a dependent
up.ni Hritain, uud companion were formed (for
thr encouragement of domestic art* ami w*n?
fac lures. Ill VbiladelpMa a board was establinh
ed for the distention of premiums to those who
should produio certain quantities of silk ca
coons ; and several persons began to cultivate
the Italian or white mulberry tree, liesides,
thev opened a regular market, and a settled,
liberal price was ofiered for the silk in cacoons.
The revolutioiary troubles that followed, ami
other can*;*, occasioned the plan to fall into
neglect, aw?i since that hardly an; progress lias
been made in that curious and useful branch of
manufactures. It is certainly not to the disad
vantage of this country that silk is becoming
supplanted by cotton.
Jlut the great object has, all along, been tho
raising of wool. The first business of the Penn
sylvania assembly, in the session of 1774, woh
the passing of resolutions to prevent butcher*
from killing of sheep ; recommending frugality
and attention to domestic manufactures ; uud
announcing their determination, as individuals,
to have no dealings with those, who, in conse
quence of the scarcity, (which amh-ared ap
proaching) should raise the prices of their goods,
l'he congress then sitting <lid also strongly re
uvmmenu those objects to the colonies " among
other resolves for the preservation of Ameri.
can liberties," as it was stated. Meetings of
private persons likewise took place, and meas
ures were entered into for effecting the same
purposes. On the 20th of January, 1775, a
44 convention" met at Philadelphia, to consider
the state of manufactures and trade, having
been elected from the city and different comities
of Pennsylvania for that object. Thur first
proceeding in that business was, a resolve to
use their endeavors to procure a law prohibiting
the importation of slaves. Tltc making of salt
petre was then considered of the greatest im-[
jkortance, though since, there has been noatteno
tion paid to it, on account of the immense/
quantities found crude in the caves of KeutucJ
ky and elsewhere. It was then thought advisa
ble to establish a manufactory of tin-plate, but
it seems nut to have been practicable under bet
ter circumstances. In Pennsylvania there was
then no manufactory of wool combs or wool
cards, though it is staged that " some had l>eeu
made in some of the neighboring provinces."?*
No good steel had been made in America, and
very little of any kind. Printing types wore
manufactured at one small foundcry in Ger-/
mantnw ii, near Philadelphia, and it was recom-/.
mended to the printers to use no imported types/
Many other resolution* were entered into of /
the sumc time, and such was the public spirj f
that prevailed then, that all their plans of ecoif ?/
omy and precaution were voluntarily and ge
nerally auoptcd, almost to the utmost practica
ble point.
In the city of Philadelphia alone, the num*
her of sheep used in 1773, was 20,300 less than
had been used the preceding year j which wit
said to he altogether owing to those patriotic re
solutions. ?
At Savannah, Georgia, there was an 14 As*l
sociation entered into by the deputies of thel
provincial congress," 4* to encour.igo frugality*
economy and industry, and to promote ngricul^
ture, the art anil manufacture of America, et
pccially that of wool | and to dtacountenancua
and discourage every species of extfavagnncfj
and dissipation, especially hor*e racing and all
kinds of gaming," &c. and measures were tata
en for that purpose. The frugality of till
people of these states in early times, is hardlj
credible at this day f and it is for this reason
that we said, that notwithstanding the wonder
ful progress of arts and manufactures among
US. it is not nllitn rurfsin ?!.?* ' '
more
w ... ?? ?MPMMiHviuiri among
it is not quite certain that we are becoming
e independent of other countries, for wu
have become incomparable more luxurious. In
If74, it was recommended among the iKMiple of
Philadelphia, to set up the fashion of wearing
44 leather doublets !" How would such a pro*
position sound now ? 1 suppose inost people
recollect the Pennsylvania law made to prevent
the members of the legislature from attending
the sessions barefooted, and sitting on the porclt
of the state house local their dinners of journey ?
cake ami jerk.*
When Spain ?a< making war upon the united
(>rovinc?? of (lie Netherlands, she sent an rid*
Msiador t<> see when it might bo prudent to make
peace. That envoy was first (leprous of ob
taining u view of tlm legislative council?-th?
" states general** an they were called. His host"
plat-cd hiin nt a window, and informed hir
that at a certain hour the states would be seer
to in a body through the street. The Hmid
passed?the envoy saw nothing unusual, snd er
quired the reason". Hid you not, said the i
keeper, at such a time, see a crowd of m f
pass by with knapsacks on their backs ? Yes >
well, OnratVera tli'o states general. tVKat!
? Jcj-k U Uje (fivAn t? dri?d