The telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1815-1818, October 08, 1816, Image 1
(8. c.) tueway, QCTolli;^^ ^ ' ' ?? ^ ;' ' .^ST
\\w option of t!?j R(lilortuiUU kit p:?V
.1(h*ru*er*mti not cse<ndiiy$ fou'rlciv l'nm, inserted
the (l?t timo f>xr nrvcnty-fya cmti,' M fcrly centa for
ftach >ub*qur?tmin#/, R$t<)T?u<t
bep-ftiQaVJ.or '
Tho progreai AllS^
;?!iural enquiry in KUr.
to thn cjfihmy
.extrafirdiUjW.
m
8U1
Vbow liuw^%fbiany ren
in r^spectiae ???- Tlw Jfaet
iUoU <vai fnVwiUitfrtc, Vgtei
tyor was
S artie
\nanner. Tito historian of Naples tolls us In
Ida hippy manner, that.the emperor determin
<jd to put ah and to Hits Turkish excesses lu the
Mediterranean. ' Tho provocation Ha! received
>vaa Hue greatest. At Naples nothing was
thoufcht of tint war. Several u<tblemdn prepar
ed ships at their ovini expense*; As <ho empe
ror was to cotnmandluppr?on?the barona and
knights wero ready to attend him. In the
flpriu? of \S75t thelMarquiifr.de Vast, was order
ed from Genoa With the fleet to Naples. The
pope aiono sent t\ven(y-t\ro gallies to join il?e
fleet. lite floet flailed front Naplea in May,
and wa* joined with other armed veasels till the
fleet in Bailing from Sardinia amounted to a*
bove 300 sail, and made their passage in three
days. They landed with great loss, displayed
great personal bravery, ^ndsoinedistiiiguUhcd
ofllcers paid the tribute of their Uvea on the oc
casion. Tho city of 'funisi was at length ta
ken, and the bfcrbeHan who commanded was
put to flight. The Jmparor established the taan
of hi* choice upon the throne, and laid him un
der a heavy tribute, and withdrew. The event
of the expedition did by no means give general
content. At the ti.mo some discerning men de
clared they expected nothing from the change.
They saw. not the reason why the emperor
should abandon the country to its own bad liab
its, and not hold a situation from which he
might protect commerce in every part of the
Mediterranean. A genius of the age left proof
how deep wa* the conviction that the einperor
had not. done his duty. Tho experience of
Charles If. of England might have been justi
fied from this cO/)victioif, when he attempted
to hold a fortified station on J he jwast, . But
^ki<W<r#1mdi^or'e?rght to have been dime, it
?was soon evident that the emperor hud done no
thing. The Tunene were sov#n discontented
with their new go**eminent, and their tribute,
and with a* little concern as ever maintained
the cause of the son against the fa'Jmr, who.tvas
soon obliged to put himself into the arms of the
emperor. The son, supported by tho Arabs,!
took possession of Tunis. 'I'ho father in vain
attempted at Naples to rai<e troops to recover
his government. Still he could not abandon
the object, and with his few troopa he landed
again in Africa, lie uus encouraoed to ap
proach the cHy? his army was routed, and no
was taken ajfrisoner, and his eye* put out^?
And thus all was lofct, with great dtatrese to Na
ples, which had displayed great courage, and
had suirered great louses in this fruitless expe
dition. Though fturopo applauded the adven
ture, and the little good which had been done
waa not considered, while the greatness of the
project was remembered yet (lie emperor did
not conceive so favorablv of the event, as not
to discover the pain df Vis disappointment, in
the obstinate manner in width he afterwards
attempted to retrieve his reputation, tiy secur
ing tho object of his triumph; The excellent
Scotch historian, Dr. Robertson, will expose
to the reader the subsequent expedition against]
Algiers, which noadvico from tho mo$t experi
enced naval commander, and even tho counsel
of 11;v pope could delay. An army of twenty
thousand of tho best soldiers iii Kurope, with
two thousand horses besides tho thuusamj that
joined the army to vhare in its glory, was no
common display of military talents, especially
when the contest was to hi: with a Imdy of less
thuti ono thousand Turks, supported onlv by
?he few thousand Moor a they could assemble.?
Soon after their landing a storm arose. The
Turks knew how to profit from the distress in
which tho emperor wag found. 44 In less than
an hour, Mr. If. tell* m, fifteen ships of war,
and lftO transport!, with 6,000 men perished,"
and hihIi as escaped to land were massacred.?
The consummate skill of Dilea saved the rem
nant of the army. And thus he failed of ac
complishing even what he gained in his first ex
pedition. In that he gained glory without pro
fit, but in thin he gained neither ?jlory nor pro
lit. It is hardly po?sible to think of tliia hero
Charles, withoot^pme recollection of Napoleon.
Charles found In the Mcditqiranrau, and upon
the shores of Africa, what Napoleon found in
the regions of Itussiat When Doria with a
??ingle boat made known the hUtOry of h(s suf
ferings, and bid tho emperor to retire, he had
iilhree days to march to the place where lie could
(receive relief* he was destitute of all provisions,
1 bia troops uiffit to march even under every ad
vantage that could be git en them. Tho conse
Jlquerij** were awful. Many perished by fa
many by fantine, many were drowned,
Maud riany auppoi ted life only by the Aetl| of
f horft*, or wftgt they could lind upon tho road,
I while en th#?r retreat they were constantly
J alarmedi continually harrasted, and many be
V * V -T'
came victims to an enraged enemjr. CJrcat u
is the character of Charles, ali, American will
riot unwillingly find the life of Eaton oo the
nainc table, to read the Conduct of flic
huroeaj
ask. to have the faults of a hero forgiven, htore
particularly, when ujjaiust hiH own greatness,
Tor the world will contest the obligation and for
get the offence. " We h?f% marcned a dis
tance," aaya this hero, " of two hundred mi let,
through an inhoifoitable wastu world, without
seeing the habitation of aii animated being, or
the tracks of Wan. The ev4?iwe all know. 1
proposed liiy ultimatum. Not a, cant for'peace
on tfcrms of the most favoredj nation* I declar
b\l I would do nothing till these terms weiefur
inally acccUed to. The name of Hull occurs
Jiii' tliis transaction. But in both our visit* tot
thrt const of lJarbary, we will be content td
ha*ejh'rhiato^#tad.wiiii the history of-the
exlKttfmonft oMfae emperor Charles, ot of anv
other military or ttaval adventurer since, (if
all prejudices, the innocent aro in favor of our
homy aud our country. While fhey incite us to
do nt? wrong, they excite us to do and enjoy
much good. We could wish that tbe next war,
by whatever power, might be the, war which
snoul4 nut an end to the most ju$t cause of war,
the lawless depredation^ of nations, that know,
not their own rights, better thin they do the
rights of mankind.?Salem Register, "
MISCELLANY.
HKI*.\TIVK 8TATK OF TUKKBY AND RUSSIA
* moxi'MT ?r waii orrwrir.* this two row?n*.
Whilst the attention of this country has been
occupied with tie*, a ft air a of France., as hein^
more nearly our own conccrni a most import
ant state oi things had arisen upon the part of
Russia anil Turkey: and had it not been for
the jealousy of other stutes, Europe would again
have been involved in war. The danger is not
yet perhaps entirely over,
It is unnecessary to mention, that Russia has
always considered the Turkish empire as her
peculiar prey, and that three successive reigntf
and cabinets have always had the same designs.
The empress Catharine carried them farthest
and was upon thp point of reaching the Mack
Sea, whcti the seasonable jealousy of Englaud
interposed and recalled her. This empress
made no secret of her designs, and caused one
of the Russian priuccs, the present archduke
Cor.*tantine, the brother of the emperor Alex
ander, to be christeued Constantino, that ho
might assume the Greek throne of Constantino
pie as the heir of the ancient Constantiuc.?
With the same feelings alto encouraged the
Greeks to revolt, and only abandoned them
when the partition of Poland called her atten*
tion to a more immediate and valuable object.
In the first coalition, in the conference of
Napoleon and Alexander, the former is said to
have conciliated the other with the same offer.
u You have no interest," said Napoleon, u in
Germany or the Continent. You cannot there
add an acre to your dominion. Your proper
ai<d natural object is Turkey. Agree not to In
terpose against me in Germany, and I abandon
Turkey to you. This is your proper field. It
is boundless. Your ambition cannot desire a
larger scope. If m>, the walls of China remain.
What can you require or wish on this side of
the Vistula ?'* V
These representations, it is believed, had
their intended effect upon Alexander and his
ministers \ they acknowledged that Turkey
was their proper and natural ob^ct, and the
agreement was at least verbally settled at Til
sit.
In the last general treaty of Vienna, tho Eng
lish, Austrian, and Prussian minis'era wished
to extend the general guaranty for the estab
lished order of tilings to tho dominions of the
Tiirk, but Russia, we believe, gavo a positive
refusal. Tlie pretence was, that tho Turk
was not present in tho congress by hi* repre
sentative and that his guaranty so entirely af
fected Russia, and Russian politics, as to as
sume a very unfriendly air towards the Turk
ish government. The plenipotentiaries had no
inucn work upon their hands, and so much dif
ficulty respecting what tlioy wished in Poland,
that the.v eluded ratlier than abandoned tin?
affairs of Turkey. The general treaty was
accordingly concluded, signed, and made pub
lic, and no mention was made of Turkey. It is
said, indeed, that some regulations were ad
ded In the form of secret articles, but what
kind of guaranty is that to which tlie parties are
afraid to pledge themselves.
Immediately after the breaking up of the
conaress, tho emperor Alexander took possession
of Poland s we believe* indeed, in a more full
and military manner than was intended. Ifo
hud no sooner completed this arrangement,
and subdued the murmurs of the Poles, than |
ho marchcd "his priny to the frontiers of Turkey, j
and assumed a position and attitude which just- j
Iv alarmed the prido and even the prudonce of
tlie Ottoman court.
Rvplanation was now asked in the usual vio
lent manner by tho Turkish Divan. Tiny were
eluded or proudly refuted, by tho Russians. In
answer to the question* why the Russian army
was nut u|>oii such a high establishment?why
had it all tho numhoM, tho appointments, the
equipage and ammunition of war, it was simply
replied that the Russian interest required It.?
Was not Kuropc yet unsettled P But why, de
mand tlie divan, march thia army to our fi rm -
tier* ? " Are they not in my own province ?
replied the emperor Alexander. Are you
or we the suitable judge#,in which of my pro
vince* I thai! station and feed my soldiers
? '
Thcw answei$ were justly unsatisfactory, and
the Turks upoif their part were preparing for
war.
Such within thqso few late weeks, has been
the relative Mate of the affairs of Turkey and
Russia) and the war we believe was actually
upon the point of coinmmencing, before It was
even known in'Bnuland that any difference ex*
luted. '
'llils state of affairs has been tlie causo why
Bavaria, and in a good degree Prussia and Aus
triii, have not as yet disbanded their armies.?
The war establishment of one country compels
"another to mantaip the samo. It Is the proper
prudencbof states never to be at tho mercy-of
each other. It is imagined that Uavarja would
tako part with Russia and even Austria wus
suspected.
And this situation vfas' rendered more diffi
cult, because the oblfinacy of.ihe Turks,i and
tfieir suspicions of England,,had .rendered any
mediation impossible f tfcey refused to regard
or accept Of us as frionds. Have you not de
prived UK, said the", of the Seven Inlands ? sod,
in offering to mediate for us, do you not de*
nmnd, that we should recognise this independ
ent power of your creation ? " No) wo want
nothing of you."
In the Inst papers it is said that lliisnia has at
length removed her army ) but it is asserted,
wo believe, in a very suspicious channul. Our
own opinion is, that the Russian cabinot will
not long abandon its favorite policy, and that,
sooner or later, tho war will bo rekindled upon
this point.
OF SECOND 8IC.IIT IN NAUTICAL AFFAIRS.
However disposed a reader may be to deride
Uo Scottish highland doctrine of second hi^lit,
aid to wonder at tho credulity of lir. Johnson
in believing the existence of a faculty so proter
natural, his wonder will perhaps he diminished
bya comparison of that superstition, with an
artinvented or supposed or protended to l?o in
verted by a Monsieur Bottineau, an oflker in
theterviceof the Frcnch king, and Fronch In
dia iompany, who served in the Isle of France
in tie years 1782, 1783, ami 1784, by which the
a^pioach of ships, or the neighborhood of land,
even at a distance of two hundred leagues uiay
be discerned.
'fie inventor, Mr. Bottineau, published an
accoint of it in 1784, in which he saya that it. it*
not trom the undulation of tho waves, from ft>e
subtlety of si-At, nor from any particular sensa
tiou (lie knowledge <o which tie alludes is de
rived?but merely from an observation of the
hori&vt, which discovers signs indicating (lie
proximity of ships or of land. On the approxim -
tiun pf a' ship towards the land or towards ano
ther ship, he says there appears in tho atmos
phere a meteor of a particular nature, visible to
every one, without any painful attention. It is
n*>t by any kind of accident that this meteor ap
pears under tjiesc circumstances. On the con
trary, it is the necessary result of the approxim
ation of one vessel towards another, or towards
the land. And he asserts that the existence of
the meteor, and the knowledge of its difTeient
modifications, are what constitute the certainty
and precision of Ids information. " If I am
askeil," says he, " how it is {possible that the
approach of a ship towards land should give
birth to any meteor whatsoever in the atmos
phere, or what connexion thorc can be between
two objects at such a distance from each other,
I reply that I am not obliged to give'ftn account
of tlie ivpws or the wherefores; that it is suffici
ent for mq to have discovered the fact* without
being obliged to account for its principle!.
A complete treatise on this science, with
maps, plates end chart* to illustrato it, Man
promised by Mr? Bottineau, but was never pub
lished that we haVe heard, and we think never
will he.
Yet the notions of this visionary woro not
<vitlmut their proselytes. Kvcn the admiuistra-1
tors of tho island furnished Mr. Bottineau with
a document which he called a report, containing
testimony of the reality of tho discovery, and
they were so far at least deposed to credulity,
that they only spoke with doubt, at the same
time that thoj>o doubts were niiuttlcd with Some
marks of respect for the supposed discovery.
This report was directed in the form of a letter
to the marechal de Castries, and was cguched
in the following terms :
w /'or/ l.oufo, I*h> of France, Ifeh. 18, 178-4.?
My Lord?A letter which you wroto on the
sixth of April to Mr. Bottineau,^ employed in
the kinr.'s and company's service in this colony,
obliges in not to refuse him ono lor you, of
which ho propose* to be himself the bearer.?
The desire alone of being useful to his country
is, as ho says, the motive which determines him
to take this step. He would bo angry with him
self wero ho to conceal a discovery wldch hath
hitherto* escaped the most enlightened persons,
and of which he only is in possession. This
discovery is the art of announcing the presence
of one or several ships at one hundred, one
hundred and fifty, or two hundred leagues dis
tance. This is by no means the result of his
studies, nor tho fortunate application of the
principles of any particular science) his sci*
ence is in his eyes only, and he can have no o?
ther t what we call penetration end genius can
not makeup to him whsthels doficient in front
education. He perceives, as he says, some signs
which indicate to him the presence of tho ves
sels, as we know that, there Is a lire in a place
when we perceive a, smoke coming from it.?
This is the comparison which ho mukos uso of
hiimielf to those who have conversed with him
about his art | this (though he has kept his se
cret to himself) it the pliincst thing he has
said, in order to make it be understood that he
has not made this discovery by the knowledge
. :? .? "s'~ ? r^
of anjrSrt or science which had been the object
of his application or or his former studies.
" It is, according to him, the effector chance,
lie has tafcen nature in lib process, and disc^
vered his secret, so that his science, or rather
tho first elements of it, lias not cost Ititn the*
least trouble j but vb* thing which has cost him
a great'deal of lator, and which may really bo
called his own, is the art of judging of the ex*
act distance. v v
M According to him the signs clearly indi
cate the presence of ships t but npne but those,
who can well reajl these signs, can draw any
conclusions from them witli regard to distances,
and tliis art of reading them well is, according
to hint, a true 4nd a\ery laborious study i for
this reasons he has himsplf for a very long
time be$n tne dupe of hi* science. It is at Least
ftftqeii vcars since he first foretold heretbe,at?
rival ot ships. At first this was regarded onl*i
asa frolic i wagers were laid on both shje*.
often loot because the ships did not arrive at the
time prescribed by him. f r^m thence came his
application to find out the cause of these mis
takes < and the perfection of hit art is the re*
suit of this application.
44 Since t'je war his informations have great
ly increased, and probably were sufficiently ex
act to oxcite tho attention of the public. * 'Die
noise of tliein reached us with the enthusiasm
always excited by tho marvellous. lie himself
spoke of the reality of his science in the tone of
u man convinced. It would have beon too cru
el tn dismiss liliu as a visionary.
u Besides, every tiling depended upon proofs,
and we required that he should briftg some : In
cun&equence he Vas regularly sent us, for eight
months, the. information* which lie thought he
uiil^ht venture f und the result is thut several of
the whins he announced arrived at the time lie
foretold, after several dnvs of information.
" Others have come later than he expected,
and Mime have not appeured at all.
41 With regard to some of thofte, it hns boon
ascertained that their delay has been occasions I
by calin? or bv currents. Mr. Bottineau is per
simded that those which never appeared were
foreign vessels which went on t and according
ly, we have learned that some Knglish ships
were arrived in Indin, which might peihaps ho
in biuht of the island at the time, indicated.?
but this is only a conjecture which our occupa
tions have not ulloweu ua to investigate. What
we can ascertain is, that in general it appears
Mr. Bottineau hath made just observations.?
Whether it is owing to chanee, or his abilities,
it might be, perhaps, imprudent to determine.
It is, However, certain that the fact is so extra
ordinary, under whatever light it is considered,
that we have not thought ourselves entitled ei?d
th*r to affirm or deny it: and we have wistioy o?
the sicur Bottineau to compel us to s
the other side of the question, by trusting his
secret to some trusty and able person. But (his
he has refused, being probably afraid that he
should not acquire by the discover/all the be.
neflt which he imagines he may reap from it.
" Supposing the reality of tno discovery, we
do not believe that its utility can be as import
a<it as Mr. Bottineau persuades himself it is
but it might perhaps throw*some new light up
on natural history. In order to be useful, it
would bo necessary that the discovery should he
confined to one nation* and remain unknown to
all others, 'fids will be impossible if every
licet, every vessel, and every privateer is oblig
ed to carry a man on board who is in possession
of the secret.?We remain with rospect*
" Le v*te tie Souillw, CIIEV
AAYI.UM i?OR TIIB DEAF AND DUMB.
The following is the address of M. Clcrc to
on audience in the Athemcum at Boston. This
gentlemen came over with M. Gnllaudet, for
ie benevolent purpose of assisting in the edu
cation of that unfortuoate put t of our communU
ty who are deaf and dumb. It is pro; :r to
remark* says a ftbftton paper, that an lie bus
only studied the English language about thine
months, no apology can l>e necessary for tlio
idiomatic oxprtofsions discoverable in his stylet
and overy one will he surprised at the flow ani
harmony of his sentences. ftVo print this ?d
dress; as it tends particularly to acquaint the '
public with the blind ignorance in which the
most Irtttolligoht deaf and dumb persons were in*
vol ved, before the new system of education w#*,
introduced t
TttK ADDRESS.
> "Gentlemen?You know the motive whicM
lias ted mc to.the United States of America.?
The public triipera have taught you it t but you
do not yet know, I believe, the reason why I
have come to Boston with Mr. Gallaudrft & Dr.
Cogswell, and why we have invited you to lion*
or tnis meeting with your presence. I am going
to tell you.
It la to speak to you more conveniently of
tho deaf and dumb, of those unfortunates who '
deprived of the sense of hearing, and consc*
quently of that of speech, would lie condemn
ed. all tftiir life, to tne most tad vegetation, if
nobody came to their succor \ but who, entrust
ed to our regenerative hands, will pass from tho
class of brutes to the class of men.
It is to aftect your heart* with regard to their
unhappy fato i to excite the sensibility and noli?
cit the charity of your generous tout* in their
favor; respectfully to entreat you to occupy
yourselves in promoting their future happine*** ,
The celebrated and immortal Abbe do l'Rj>ce
Invented the art of restoring them to society and I
religion. It is according to his method that tho I
instructions in Europe have been formed t it U I
consequently to him that ull the deaf and dumb,!
who know how to write and read, owe their torn J
poral and spiritual happines*. yl
Ttvb ^bbe ftfcard. toy respectable nnd b?lgfjt I