The telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1815-1818, June 18, 1816, Image 2
iu . trade of i eddish enrih, wUh illegible
Inscriptions. 'l'lic inhabitants arc n quiet, j?ea
vcable people, attachod to their old-customs, and
vury ceremonious in their devotions. Minorca'
? cjwiis chcoao, salt, ?ax> honey am) wine, to
I'm amount perhaps of twenty thousand pounds
-torling i and receives in to'turn, corn, rice* su
gar. coflfco, biantly, spices, tobacco, linen, fine
doth*, boards. naxal store#, and some little fur
niture.?dnaleclic Magazine* >
DMmiPTION OV tTHsTAV TVAOUNHA,
OJ wSlcft th* action briir-tn tKi Jfornrt find /'enyuin
fiuifht. fly an q/lcir thr lUmtt.
? The island of Tristan d'Acnnha, in the South
Atlantic ocean, lies in lat, 37. 0. 8. and longi
t'idc 11, 4 J west. It is inhabited by threo men.
Thomas Currie who has been on It the longest,
<hnt is to say about four years, claims the sove
reignty, and is styled governor* tho secend is
?i Portuguese, hni been there about a year, and
tho third, whoso name in Johnson, hi believed to
Ihmi Wovmtui and was left on tho island about
tour months, since, by the American privateer
Young Wasp of Philadelphia. They appear to
Iw perfectly contented and happy in their situa
tion dreary and uncomfortable ah it may seem.
Their houses arc entirely Imilt of straw, and
covered with sea elephant skins, which renders
tliriu impervious t.i the rain.
Tin* Hoil of this iuland is of excellent quality,
cipablo of producing vegetables of every kind in
prolusion. (lovcrnnr Currio now mixes potatoes,
Mibhngus mid carrots in abundance, and some
'irnipx, sallatlt*, and beets. Of the threo last he
carefully pi serves the seed. The governor has
also a stock of hogs, of a small breed, which he
caught wild and reduced under his government.
The authority ofgovernor I'll trie, though found
ed oft the titlu of prcoccupancy, extends only to
bis hogs, ?;? neither the ticrniau nor the Portu
guese ar know ledge his superiority- The most per*
feet system of equality prevails among tlie three
?but it is f-n re it that nmbitiou will, one day or
other, occasion a struggle for power tliat may
possibly produce another triumvirate equal to
Cn?sar, Ponipey and Crassus. There am an im
mense number of birds on the island, principal
ly of two kinds, the largest of the size of u rob
bin, the other not larger than tho yellow bird,
both of a dirty brown color. When we first
went on shore, they were so very tame, that xve
ertuld knock them down with our hats \ but thev
afterwards became more shy, owing to our kif
ling a great number of them for the use of the
sick. Wo also killed several sea lions, with
w Inch the shore abounds, and whoso tongues,
hearts ami Dippers arc excellent eating. There
arc also, at certain seasons of tho year, a num
ber of seals and penguins, particularly on tho
sooth side of the island.
Tristan d'Acunha appearf. to be about fifteen
miles in circumference. It is very high land,
and. in clear weather, may he seen at the dis
tance of twenty -five or thirty-leagues. We made
it at about -43 miles, owing to the weather being
vhazy. Part of thr island, from the north, rises
perpendicularly, from the sea, apparently to tho
heighth of near one thousand feet: a level then
commences, forming what is called table land,
mid extends towards the centre of the island,
-whence rises a conical mountain four thousand
feet in height. The top of this mountain is al
most constantly enveloped in clouds, and it was
only when tho weather was very clear, and the
| ?un very bright, that we could sco the summit,
f- ifrliichiti covered with perpetual snows.
$T?e coast of Tristan d'Acunha is very bold,
and appears to be clear of danger w hore there
i.rewaters about two cablcs' length fr0m tho
-liore.WjThc ship, while at anchor, was oversha
dowed by that part of the island under which she
J .iy, which rise*Jilw a moss-grown Will, froin
ihe bottom of the ocean. In other place* the
shore was covered With a kind of sea-weed cat
led kelp, and by our saHtfoCftpe Ann moH
Vhe landing place is perfectly safe for the |
^est boats, except in heavy blowing wcathet
stream of water, which takes its origin in the
mountain, empties itself on the beach, by a ca
taract about -10 feet high, and may bo seen at
the distance of 8 or 10 miloi at sea, tumbling
down the mountain as white as the snow on its
,summit* The whter is very fine and pure, and
the casks can be filled by means of a liose of a
bout ono hundred long, without removing them
from-the boat. The anchorage is on tho north
side of the island, and vessels wishing to make
it for the purpose of procuring wood atid water,!
should run iit until the watering place bears j
south west by south, about one mile distant,'
u here they will get soventeen fathom wafer in a
gravelly bottom mixed with nieces of shells.?
Hut it would be advisable not to como to anchor,
owing to the steepness of the anchorage ground,
mid the frequency of ?udden squalls from oft'the
ifland.?/A.
I HUM TiH'.K4f.KII(ll HT4H.
?Vr. lirivlrfjun?ln travelling through your
ronnty, 1 rould not help faying to mvHelf, these
'.imih i < nrc more nice tlini* wise. 1 find that
iliey. having plenty of land, l>u( not of the hunt
qualify. < bar and destroy it as fa>t an they calif
iis if they thought themselves rich in proportion
<4? the poverty of thoir landTheir plan of des
truction appear* to he this : grub ami cut down
a* large :t piece of laud (ih |>o??ihle during tlffr
winters and in the spriu:;. not only heap and
hum ail fiie large wood, hut rako o?' sweep to*
?;?'thfr all the leaven, atjrk*. and whatever litter
i!? (in the ground, and burn that also. Ho that, 1
hi the very commencement of tho cultivation the
whole of the earih'ti /Vx/, that might have he on
sufficient to sustain It* lift) for two or three yearn
ix At mice ,'iken away and destroyed. After
/hit* robbery i* committed it is an easy matter to
e fleet their fuvoi ,5te object by killing their lands
by work. I'prm *'?? Mtmo plan. If they wanted
to make themxelvea rich by working their horses
to death, the first step, no doubt, would be to
withhold their doily food* There would tlien be
no difficulty in effecting tho otyect. Now, If I
were ? farmer I should pursue an opposite course.
if. i When I had cut down a pieco of ground, I
? o:ild prefer tg let the tr?'Ci?, brush, leaven,etc.
remain on the ground, otto, two, or more years
Vthpn/qut and bfrn - tliowo^d, Icavinjra force
quantity ?flitter, ( food /ctll it) whic\ would
support the ground for aomto years, evon Vpo?
(no starving plan j but with proper management
tlm.laml would ovor alter be able to feed ana
clothe itself i arn^ if I had.any land,that hnd'al
readjr been itarvdd and worked n*arlv to death,
I would commence renting und feeding St, .by
keeping it enclosed to prevent it* being* robbed
by oattic, 6cc. who are the* mortal enemies of
poer (and. I would retain every thingo%ilthat
it produced without culture, as its just Yightj?*
"But when it became strong enough, by feedtlig
tpon the bounty of nature, then I would employ
K in my own way, and divide with it, taking a
way only what might be judged reasonable and
just, by any unprejudiced farmer-?leaving the
rest, viz. t the stubble, grass, weeds, and what
ever, other offal matter it had produced for its
food and clothi ng. And if thin treatment proved
iiisufllcicnt to restore it from its weak and sickly
state, to strength and vigor, I would gradually
feed it with a rich food, from my farm pens (for
I would have such, in which I would, in the fill
and winter feed all my stocks and deposit all my
corn stalks, as well as all other litter convenient,
that would serve for food for those animals, orfit
tu bo converted into manure.) I would have no
more stocks than I could sup|K?rt in thin manu^r,
and nil those should be employed in enricnisg
my lands ; and my laud should, in turn be em
ployed iu supporting my stocks.
.4 flint to Farmers.?-Turkeys, a large domes
mic fowl brought from Turkey, and is called by
tiio name of its country. As'matry of them are
reared ill the farming towns in tlm* country, I
shall here give directions from a good writer,how
it may be done with great success.
*( Most of our housewives, savs a Swedish au
thor of husbandry, have long despaired of suc
cess in rearing turkeys t and complained thai
the profit rarely iudumnilled them for their trou
ble, and loss of time ; whereas, continue* lie,
little more is to be done than to plunge the chick
into a vessel of cold water, the very liour, or if
that cannot be done, the day it is hatched, forc
ing it to swallow one whole pepper-corn, and
(hen restoring it to its mother, From that lime
it will become hardy, and fear the cold no more
than u lien's chick. After which it must be re
membered (hat these useful creuturcs are sub
ject to one particular malady whilst they are
young, which carries them oif in a few days.??
Whon they begin to droop, examine carefully
tho feathers on their rump, and you will find
two or three, whoto quill part is filled with
blood. Upon drawing thv'so the Chick recover*,
aud after that requires no other care {hail what
is commonly bestowed on poultry that range in
the Court yir J. These articles are too true to
be denied j and iu proof of the success, three
parishes iu Sweden have, for many yeara gained
several hundred pounds by rearing and telling
Turkey."?Iturvt Economy) \nifse 73D.
" FOREIGN.
TMAl. OF GF.NKIML DttOUOT. ? ?
General Drouot wan bom at Nancy, and la
42 years of age. He waa accused, 1st, of having
hetruyod the King txtfurc the 23(1 of March | 2<I,
of having attacked France by force of arms) 3d,
of 6ct/iug power by violence. '1110 lteporter
dcmtindcdpapcrft and documents of their excel
Imiuies the ministers of police and of war. All
researches at the police were fruitless \ ami
fro^irtho war office there was sent bat two let -
Ufa of general Drouot, one expressing his ad he -
lion to tho provisionary government of 1814,
another relative to the desertion of an officer ;
the latter of the 18th of April 1814.?llv the do*
duration of the min inter of war general 1)rouot*a
appointment reached the 10th of April, 1814 ;
he had been atricken fi-om the roll of artillery
officers it the epoch of his being appointed Bo
naparte's aid-de-camp ; in fine tho provisional
government of 1815, ordered the payment of his
salary during his etitiru stay at the Island of Kl
ba ; nut a letter from the pny-mfcster-general da*
ted January 12, 1816, proved that he had refu
sed to receive the amount of that order. It re
sulted from the deposition of three witnesses
previously heard, that general Drouot had, from
the beginning, judged the return of Bortaparte to
France as a stop whose consequences would be
fatal, and ono which he opposed by alt methods
possible. The last witness is marshall the duke
of'l'arcnte (Macdonald.) The dejposition he
made before the recorder, and .which his excel
lency repeated before the councils imports in
substance that at the very critical moment of tho
capitulation of the 3d of July, the guard, full of
confidence in general Drouot, their comman
dant, was abandoned to the wisdom of his ad
vice, that this salutary example had gained over
the army, and that Paris was preserved from the
dangers which threatened It. Hehind the Loire,
the assiduous cares and the firmness of this ge
neral maintalried severest discipline in the ar
my } and by his pattern and good counsels, he
had rallied and it frankly yielded obedience' to
the king j he had calmed the refractory, and
firoventfd excesses whose consequences were
ucalculahle. Truth, said tho marshal, makes
it my duty to declare than an influence so aus
picious had decided the army to aubmission, and
rendered their general discharge much easier.?
The Ik*) dent having demanded of general
Dfouot* whether he had any observation to make
ho asked permission to answer in writing. (It
appears tnat the emotion he experienced did not
allow him toaay more.) His defender read, <* 1
know (tot how to testify to the marshal how
much I am. affected by Ids deposition! all my
desires are fulfilled since I have obtained the es
teem of, and inspired with interest the most loy
al of tho warriors of France.**
Here waa resumed* tho'system of general
Drouot's defence In hi# interrogatories and be
forf the council} 441 performed the duties ol
aid-de-camp and Of aid-m^or-general of the
guard near Napoleon t I went with him to the
Isle of Elba | he appointed mo governor of the
i island ) 1 ate with him, and lived iu his greatest
intimacy. I accompanied him by virtue of the
[tteaty of 11th April, 1814, which left the mon
who followed hiin the choice of remaining in
France, or ceasing to be French at the espirati
on of three year* (n definitively sifarfting them
selves td Napoleon. There |m m sort of nsntrlfl'
Ui>n in the treaty which put the guard of Nano
Icon, as sovereign of the island of Kibe, at flU
disposal and under hi* order** ,whether for at
tack or dfefettM* nor did it proluVt us from <p?it
tJrt^tho island at hi* order*, t had not, hpd n
knowledge of the project of BonaparteVreturn
till victor ten day* before it* evecytipn.. With
out stftekW.nior * lv abftpOy told nit*, that the
<poople of Frahcfc \*ere discontented^ that they
regretted their* ancient sovereign, that a com*
motion was ready to break out, that lie wae In
clined to yield himself to the desire* of the
Froncbiiiation. I used with him the strongest
arguments to dissuade him from this design. I
nllirm that there waa no anterior plot) we judg
ed ofVhat was passing in France dv the journal*.
Nupoleou received travellers aud strangers?
but he alono conversed with them, and |. never
learned yrhat they might have told him. Hut if
there had been any conspiracy I would have
known it at our return t tuose concerned would
not have failed to inako a merit of it. Tho re
solution of Napoleon being firmly taken to pro
ceed, twins Ids s object, having renewed n?v oath*
to him at tho island of Klba, it was my tluty to
obey his orders, and accompany him witli so
much the greater devotion aud fidelity, as tho
hazard seemed great. (The general forgets the
two proclamations which are produced to him,
and says that the onu which ho signed only invi
ted the soldiers to join'them, but contained nei?
provocations nor personalities.) Napoleon hav
ing abdicated anew in 1815,1 found myself dis
engaged from my oaths to him. Again become
free, the country being in danger, I endeavored
to be useful to it in holding the chief command
of the guard, with which tho provisional govern
ment entrusted me. As soon as I had informa
tion of the king's ordinance of the 24th of July* I
quitted my functions, aud of my own accord
constituted myself a prisoner. If I had evaded
it, they might have thought me culpable ; my
conscience reproached mo with nothing. My
adhesion to the provisionally government of 1814
was not an obligation to the King, who was not
then in France. I had taken no oath whatever to
his majesty ; I received from him no command,
subsistence or pay ; my appointments extended
only to the 10th of April, the day when I was to
consider myself as passing into the service Of
Napoleon, 'now become * foreign sovereign a*
to France. By the 17th article of the Civil
Code, I ought not longer to be considered as
French, and I was determined to this sacrifice."
The Reporter,replfcs, and retraces the march
of Bonaparte^.'to tne 80th of March in precise
? . ? ?? .be comes to general Drouot}
d third heads Of accusation,
consider tills general, aald he as
-J the king, since h* wis not in
- ',U(' taken no oath of fidelity, since he
hsdreceived no favor, no contt&ani^ao mark of
confidence} nor ought we to consider him ai
having seized power by violence j but lie is just
ly arraigned for haviug attacked France and it*
government by force of arms. He next investi
gates tho matter to the bottom. In imcli circum
stance there would have been no criminality but
en the part a Frenchman. Tho refusal of gene
ral Drouot to touch sulwistcnce [from France]
during his stay at the island of Klba, proves that
lie believed himself in good faith to be uo longer
French, uud that gootl faith ought to be taken
into deep consideration by the council of war
which at the same time discharge the office of a
jurv. 'ITie remainder of M. the'reporter's expo-1
sition was in commendation of general Drouot,
anil concluded he onght to bo acquitted.
The general being allowed to speak, pro
nounceif a discourse in which he recapitulated
his conduct and grounds of defeucc.
By the decision of the permanent council of
war, lieutenant general count Drouot has been
declared, by a majority of four vote* against
three, not to be criminal. The king** commis
sioner has requested that the execution of the
Judgment be postponed for '24 hours.?Tra min
ed Jor the Jr. Y. Columbian.
MEMORANDA MA UK IN KCROl'F., IN 1815-16.
The MIIh in Hretagne, near the ttca'coast, nre
thickly covered witli a beautiful purple heath
flower. Morlaix, though the climate is very
cold, is remarkably well supplied with frriitn,
figs, and strawberries of an eiioruioiiH ?i/.c. The
fruit trees here are perfect miniature* or dwarfs j
and the cultivators ensure me, that by continual
pruning an infant oak, you tnav produce n mi
niature tree of nix turbo* height. The country
in hilly* wherefore two strong iron plates are
Axed behind wheels of wagons, and even the
diligencea, which by a strong screw can Ikj ad
vanced to rub againat the wheels. This in the
custom throughout France. The land Is jnior
aud divided into small patches by heavy hedge*,
like those in Knglnnd?fallow land covered ivitb
long broom, and very prickly shrub, resembling
savin, both unedby the poor for fuel but the
country U weed wooded, owing to the forest re
gulation* of government, and i* we supplied
with coal, though thero is no water carriage, for
thin; ami throughout Frame the people huve
a prejudice so invincible against coal that they
prefer living in a freezing condition to employ*
ng this fuel, even where it in cheap.
Xs you approach Normandy, on the mad to
I'aris, the land improves, but is perfectly fences
lean, and the different lots are separnted only by
laml marks. Produce in wheat and buck-wheat.
Good orchards ami cider are abundant, and ex
cellent, equal to American, and far superior to
Kngtish.?'They make cider brandy ami perry.
The vineyards commence about forty mtlcs from
I'aris on this road. The vines here and through
all France are ttmall stock* about three and a
italf feet high, tied to small atraHs sticks, which
are taken away in winter; they have maize iii
this country, nut saw nono on the road. The
prejudice againat. potatoes Subsides fast, and
they are growing into general uw, but the chief
food in France (a bread, ami in this part of the
country, owing to grain being thr**hed in the o
pen field, it contains much grit. Owing to want of
fences, all sheep and cattle are attended in the
pa*tureshy keepers with well-trained dogs, ami
many of the shepherd* live in iitllo huts on three
tofic&lMu mdveabotft their flock*, employ,
ing slight shecpfolds at night, which are movea
ble also* ? I met M. Michaux, nbjut40 years old,
the author of a work on American forest (roes,
lift ho* been in. America three tim?4 j once at
fifteen vear# old, wit!* hf* father, who died af
terwards exploring Madagascar. 'Hie Inst timu
the son went to America fit 7803, it was with as
surance that lie should havo the office of keeper
of the trees, shrubs, 8tc. which he should coilcrl,
but had uyt enough of that Intrigao which under
all govohimcutslmH beeu necessary to carry a
point in Franco. .The trce.H, &c. were commit
ted to tlie administration of forests and planted
near Paris. ?'The Bmperor fancied the spot for
a pleasure garden, and had them ail rooted out
and removed sixty uiilus, where nearly alt of
them died. Michaux has uever been ot Louisi
ana which he is anxiotts to visit, llo thinks thev
manufactory of,olives into oil too expensive, for
our country yet* but recommends u species of
rash mbch u*ed, in France for cordage, urn) for
Kentucky, particularly the cork true, camphor
and rhubarb. .
In l'icardie, various other parti^ of France,
and the low countries, very large quantities of*'
vegetables (the rape, I believe) are cultivated to.
manufacture into oil, which is very cheap and
in great use it. France t the stuik pf this piapt i*
very larue, and used by the poor as fuel. In
France tlie chemists make tlie'plrotiginWi acid
into vinegar pure enough* tbf the table. As this
is axtractod from carbonic substances, perhapa>
in the great manufacture of charcoal, and other
processess in our country, vast quantities of it
might bo very easily and cheaply procured.
SUMMARY.
French and English* accounts to April 19th.
have beeh received at New-York. No political
events of much interest'The Duke ?if Wel
lington had finally left Pari* for tlie army of ob
servation at Chambray } General Drouet had
been acquitted by the Council of far, but not re
leased from hio confinement i the chamber of
Deputies were said to bo much agitated ; but
are not all popular assemblies so ? no serious re
sult! need be apprehended t Louis 18th remain
ed still at the ihuillerics, from a severe and
long protracted gout \ Talleyrand ban obtained
leave to fix his residence in tlie Austrian domi
nions ; liucieu Bonaparte has settled at his ele
gant seat near Frascati f?Jerome, noono knows
where ; the Archduchess Maria Lotkisa of Aus
tria, has assumed the name of countess of Calar
no, and travels without pomp or parado |-Ma
ny Italians and Germans hive gone to settle in
Russia Poland, where every encouragement is
given by Alexander.?A proposition Ms been
made in the French Legislature, for inviting the
European powers to a negociatibn, by which the
Harbary power* should respect the flags of fo
reign nations, antf putan end to reducing chris
tian* to slavery. Til# Parliament of England
had risen ? the Prince Regent given his royal
assent to the American Comsnercial Convention
Bill | the Princess Charlottewas to be msrried
the 25th April* the royal establishment are to
wear the Cobourg livery. Upward* of a million
of dollars had arrived in England, front Hava
na and Jamaica. At Glasgow on the 10ih, the
sale of 1000 bags Cotton was advanced l-2d to
1 J -2d per lb. A Urge quantity of Tobacco,
was seized at Sligo, being found concealed in
bbls. of Rosin | the Tobacco was of a superior
quality, and brought from New-York in the
Juno | v<Hid also seized j the expedition for
the Brazils had not sailed j it is however ready
for sea and consists of one ship of tlie Fine, two
frigates, and some tra*sports, with 6000 troop*
on boards j from 30 to 40 vessels have sailed for
France, within two or three weeks, loaded with
corn and flour.
Tlie Bristol Trader has arrived at Boston yrith
Bristol dates to the 22d April, and London to
the J!0th?? nothing very interesting. Hi r S.
Smith's proposals of a Crusade against the Bar
bary States, strengthened by a mission from' the
Grand Senior, are said to have induced the
l)cy of Algiers to litwrate 15.1 Greek and 8 Aus
trian captives. German papet s state some dis
turbance in the Eastern part of Francet in which
several of the Austrian troops were wounded^?
In consequence, the Austrian force in Alsace is
to fat increased?Tobacco in l?ondoh tftd.
The method of immediately subduing fire,
had been tried in the presence of admiral# sir
T. Duckworth, sir Wm. Young, Frank,. Plum
Ein, Scott, Young, and captains Pellew* Wm.
t G. Waldergrave, who examined the appara
tus, process, and effect, with the most sciiiti
ni/.inx attention to itn application on board ships,
and places that produce the most rapid destructi
on when in rimbustion. It received their
warmest approbation for ita portability, imme
diate use, ami expelling force but the powers
of extioction on a bundle of lighted portfires,
(that no quantity of water thrown oh tliohi could
have abated tlieir fury) being fnttatitlif e.rfin
Sulnhed, and with not one quarter of. a pint of
uid impregnated with antiphlogistic ingredi
ents, by this method of impulse, drew from tlyi
numerous persons present, the fullest declarati
on of its importance to preserve valuable proper
ty from ftamop.
Grin a, Mar 4.?A courier has just arrived
here, dispatched by Geh. Morillo. announcing
that the royal aniiy under his command had
subdued the kingdom of Santa Ke, the capital of
which he entered oil tho fith of April, having
defeated in the|r march tho several bands of
insurgents who undertook to oppose and stop
the progress of his victorious army. Tranquility
was so completely re?toredthrft*out tlie kingdom,
and its inhabitants evinced their loyalty and
attachment to his majesty's government, by such
proofs of sincerity, that Uon. Morillo has ordered
that a considerable put t of his army should
I return to tho provinces of Venezuela, and that
.1000 in on should march to Panama, thence to
embark for Lima, with the object of completing
the subjugation of Bttenos Ayret. A squadron
of tlie naval forcca belonging to the expedition
has received orders to sail from Carthagenn,
and cruise against the vesicle of the Insurgents
and pi rate i, \0*o wet? y?-t scattered over thine
s?ias.