i *
i _?i j
asmnsaassasBSsesesaeaam
[No. Iff.]
wr.
BY TH0MA8 W LORRAIN,
TWO MOM IIUW W ?W?, AM ??? *M?I CUT*A
on ricmmmmx rrmtcT. ' is,
IVfwM 8HbcrJpri**~Fprt* l>oUm pcrannum; p*jr
* ivhlo 1* advance...,Hdjp?.to bo d'*comtn<wd, boUt
1 MtcMnaci are pj& j
fourteen linen, tiucrted
?nve cenu, nixl forty cwufw
rtt nnil in Uie tome proportion
mUr ofUncv
iuu.ui
IT
ACIHIC (JLTUttB.
The Fnrmtr, a Forfait.?" The cultivation of
the toll gives health and vtjror to the body,and
purity end tranquility to the mind. The hu?
man form attaint in /he Inborn of tho field its
utmost development. The full chest, the inus
cular and hrawtiy arm, and tho toil-strung Hi
new, are the reward of the husbandman. He
preserves with nature all his relations. He eve
ry where contemplates order, cconomy and
peace) anil his soul is fdled with a delightful
harmony. The reasons returns with unerring
regularity; nothing is in vain; every thing pro
8Cesses towards some end for which'it had been
esl^ned by the e.*??rnnl wisdom, and every thing
iittnins this end, without interference and with*
out confusion, amidst the lofty hut transporting
music of the spheres. The cultivator of the
Roil is indeed a patriot. Tho habits formed in
his youth never desert Ins age. The very trees
and rocks among which he Tta? grown up, are
objects of his auction. He loves tho soil which
hns rewarded his labors, and he finds music in
the echo of his nativo hills."
SYSTEMATIC AGRICULTURE. ,
Extract from on Oration delivered by Dr.
Mitchell, before the Agricutural Society or New*
York, ?m the tenth of January, seventeen hun
dred unii nine-two.?*' Hitherto tlie American
husbnndtnan has cultivated a soil, enriched for
agoH by the yearly addition of a fresh stratum of
mould. Prom the first existence of vegetation
upon the dry land, decayed plants have contin
ually furnished a supply of manure, which the
winds and the rain have liberally spread abroad.
Ah the supply was annually greater than the
consumption, the earth, unexhausted by its pro
ductions, increased in fertility. The thick lay
er of vegetable mould which covered the face of
the earth was a store -hou so of food fur plants,
and their quantity was greatly increased by the
conversion of wood into ashes by clearing.
U not wonderful then, that for some
*_ .?* - -? " - - -
c , VI ? ??"
" self, to make plants grow with their former lux
uriance. This may be called fAs ara of
?mafic agriculture, when man taking the earth
from nature's hand, bare of manure, Is so to
manage and dispose it artificially, that it shall
yield nim first a subsistence, and then an over
plus to grow wealthy upon. How far art may
go in this species of improvement is yet unknown,
as the ultimatum infertility has never yet been
readied. As far as experiment* have been
made, we find the earth liberally affording; its
produce, in proportion to the labour and skill
z .lestowed in its tillage ; and an the ingenuity
nnd invention of man may increase to an un
known and inconsiderable degree, no may the
? improvement*! and arrangements of husbandry
keep pace therewith, until the most fruitful spot
that now exists, may produce a tenfold quantity,
and the land which now supports an liundred
men, give equal enjoy ment to a thousand/'
ALOK9. i
Few person* in this country know any other
use of tne aloe than the medicine which it af- 1
fords i but it serves for a number of other bene
ficial purposes in the countries where it grows.
In (he East-Indies, aloes are employed as a var
nish to preserve wood from worms end other in
sects i and skins, and even living animal*, are
anointed with itfor the same reason. The havoc
committed by the white cits in India flint sug
Jested the trial of aloe juice, to protect Wood
rom them ? fur which purpose the juice is either
u <cd uh extracted, or in solution by somo solvent.
Aloes have also been found effectual in preserv
icy; ships from the ravages of the worm, and the
udhe*ionof harnatles. Tlie ship's bottom, for
this purpose K smeared with a composition of
heiiatic aloe*, turpentine, tallow nnd white lead,
, An aquatic solution of hepatic aloes preserves
yonng plants from destruction by insects, and
niso ilrad animals mid vegetables from putrefac
, tioit i which renders it of great use in tho cabi
! nets of naturalist*. The spirituous extract is
Jltest for the purpose, though in thi-t respect it iiJ
inferior to that of ranthsrides, prepared by infu
sing two grain* in one otinro of spirits, whirh
, has lieen found to Ihj *o etiert'ial in the ext'irjuiti
| on of bugs. IVrnur assert*, that a simple de
coction of aloe* communirfites a fine brown co
lor to wool. Kuhrnni, of Florence^ has extract
ed a beautiful violet color, which resists the a
t ids and alkalis, from tho juice of the fresh
loaves of the atoe exposed to .the air bv degrees.
The liquid first become* red, and at the etui of a
< ertain neriod turns to $ beautiful purple violet,
which adhere* to *ilkby simple immersion, with
out the aid of acids^r-Xoti. rap. '
\ Peach 7Wj.~-The following preventive a<
| gainst grub* in peach trees, will be found on ex
1 perimefit of great advantage to those who are j
fond of cultivating that excellent fruit. ? Tho I
? grub Worm is supposed to originate in the egg
??f a wasp, laid within the bark tit the surface of
?Ho ground > and being hatched iu the spring of
the year, destroy* the tr?e as it root*, occasion
ing a copious oozing of the gum In the pert af?
feoted?aswellesinthe trunk end branchesjn
the leeveeturn yellow, and the fruit drops off ??
mo?t umoqm set In order to prevent this,
dig away the ground deer from th* bottom of
the stock | end, after poking lit all the worms
from under the berk, end cleaning off the gum
which Had been dlsctiarged, pet the ports end
Ml round the tree with e mixture of one third
tar Und two thirds soap fet, or elush, end leave
the roots uncovered till dry, when the ground
rosy be filled round ee before. If the brenchee
are affected, dear out the worms end pey the
uerts with the mixture | but, In compounding
tills, avoid putting more tar than one third, as
it would bind the tree, end prevent its bearing.
GEORGIA*! BUG All.
An article under this head has been copied in*
to many of the southern prints, from Niles* Re
Kistar, stating the ousntlty of Mugar msdo by
Major llutler end Mr. M'Quecn. Tho princt
Ele factH in the articles alluded to, are correct,
ut tho inference* tend to mislead and therefore
injuro tho cause, instead of promoting it. That
a ccrtsin quantity of land has produced a given
quantity of sugar, say that 85 acres yielded
1 4 0,0001 be. end that one fourth of an acre upon
Havannah river, has produced 600lbs. of dry,
mercantile sugar, Is generally believed* and un
derstood to be true. But tno quantity which
can he made to each hand, is by no means ascer
tained yet, as it may require six or eight hands
to harvest an<| manufacture what one could cul
tivate, and therefore the celculation in the a
bovo piece, of such enormous returns per hand
is quite out of the question. It is enough for
tho cause of sugar, that it has yielded a* far
north as 8avaunah river* at a rate which would
be considered ample in the West-Indies, and
that it can be manufactured from October to the
last of January. If, therefore, we cannot make
it cheeper end to more edvantego than in tho
W. Indies, It must be 6ur own fault? ?a v. R*p
Receipt to fm WfW/-Tike two end a half
! doyen new laid Eggs to a Pipe of wine or the
like proportion to a quarter cask? separate the
yolk from the white, and beat the shells and
whites together to a sillabub t then put into the
wino and stir it immediately, with a stick for 13
minutes, and in ten days It will be fine* It a
a full pipe It will take 13 daye to be well fined.
l\wTntelligenck.
? INTRRR8TINO DfcCUKR.
We have been favored with the following De
cree, in a caw that ha? excited and ?hould ex
Mur.aNWbett, ")
vii. v Decree nl?i, en order pro confe?*o.
8ir John N'iabett. 3
The bill state*, that Maria Nisbett, the com
plninant, intermarried with Sir John NUbctt, in
November, 1797. That in June following the
intermarriage, on the pretence of attending to
his pecuniary concerns in Kngland, he left the
complainant in a stato of pregnancy. That
since that time defendant has informed complai
nant thot never did intend to return to Ameri
ca. That ongoing away he made no provision
for tho maintenance of complninant, and she
sought and obtained an asylum in her father's
houve. That for sis years she remained in this
situation* and when she wroto ho returned no
answers to her letters. That at the end of
Ha!d time, the death of her child and the con
tumely with which she had been treated, had so
far impaired her health, that she resolved to vi
nit Kngland. Upon her arrival she was recog
nised by defendant as his lawful wife, and a
greed to live with her again if she would take
a house in London. That she did no and sup
ported her establishment there at a great eft?
ponse, and the said defendant lived with her
nearly six months, but during that time he par*
ricd on an unchaste and unlawful commerce
with divers loose women. That she bore the
whole expense of the establishment in London,
and upon her intimating to defendant, that it
was inconvenient and tnat he ought to bear a
part, he left Iter with little ceremony, and went
into tho country with a certain Madame Ximenes
of loose character. That it became impossible1
for complainant to live any longer the subject of
insult and she left Kngland. That she return
ed to her father's house, where she lived live
vears, when she again returned to Kngland. ?
That upon meeting with her husband he receiv
ed her with expressions of regret, and treated
her coldly and cruelly, and lived in a state of
public prostitution with said Madame Ximcnes. 1
who, complainant was informed, had assumed
complainant's name. That complainant., upon
her intermarriage with defendant, brought nim
1 5001, and her two visits to Kngland costlier
That as her patrimony was nearly ex
hausted, she required of defendant to make
*omo provision for her future separate mainten
ance. That he represented his income to be
htnall. but nettled .1001. per annum upon her. ?
That his fortune has lately been much increas
ed by tho expiration of hin leases in Hcotland
and other causes, and the deed of separation
was purposely left open for an addition there
to in case of an accession to his fortune. That
his estate in Hcotland produces, with attention,
at 40001. per annum, and his estate here, which
is subject to the jurisdiction of this Court, brings
him an income of obout COOOl. Complainant
therefore prays for alimony in proportion to the
increase of defendant's fortune.
? Tho defendant has held out in contempt of the
Court, and has not filed his nnswer t the bill
has been ordered to be taken pro confewt, and
the allegation* in the sahio are to be* taken as
true. The deed of separation hat been relied |
tt pea a* * bar to complainant's claim t it is c?
tended that it ia only upon the ground of impli
contract that the Court can interfere | that 1
CM*
led
PI r the
?hats the door to inqulrj, as to defendant'*
act and the agreement contained in it* ia a
fjjjpponsation for the injur/. All this would bo
frueiftha deedJiad etpreued that the allow
ance was in lien or in m rtfhtr clmiii toalimo*
njri but that claim has been loft open by the
Mtttfbo to the deed. The true construction of
frhich J take to be# that if she chusea to forfeit
the penalty nnnoxed, her claim is not barred.?
8Ha naa made her election* and must par costs
as tho penalty. Ilia allegations in her b(ll have
merit*, which I think the court bound to recog*
Hi* leaving her, in the fimt instance, In inch
a delicate and helpless situation, wan cruel in
the extreme* Her undertaking two voyages to
lSngland, to reclaim him from his evil practices,
shews the constancy of her affection, and her
?trong iesire to perform all tlie duties of a wife.
1$ut how was she treated ? With that kind of
contumcly which a delicate mind cannot brook )
and whicn, upon persons of her sex, inflicts a
wound nut easilv healed.
In the incan time. " he has wasted his living
with harlot*," and natt become largel v indebted
here. He has held out in contempt of the Court,
although he has property within its jurisdiction,
lie is badly ad vi sed, but not by Ids Counsel
here. As hi* creditor ia wUtinjr to wait for hi?
debt , it ought not to interfere with the allowaucc
to his wife, since defendant has sufficient for
Ids reasonable support abroad. It was contend
ed by complainant** Counsel, that she is enti
tled to alimony back from the filing of the bill,
according to the decision in the case of Jallineau
vs. Jalliucau. liut that case does not apply
here t there was no agreement there , which, in
this case, 1 think, virtually excludes such al
lowance. Therefore it is decreed, that defen
dant's agent James Carson, do pay over yearly
on tho 1st day of May, into the hands of the
commissioners for complainant, a* alimony
froip the amount of defendant's crops, the sum
of 93000, including and taking in the annuity
--which sum is equal toone third of the average
of defendant's nett income, both here and in
Graft Britain, as was reported by tho commissi
oiier. That the said James Carson be empow
ered to retain the remainder of fcaid crops, in
satisfaction of his debt, and until tho same be
ftitly paid. That defendant be perpetually en
joinea from selling hi* estate here.? That com
plainant have leave to apply for increase of said
sum upon any increase of defendant's fortune 5
and that agreeably to her deed, she do pay the
cafe of this suit. WM D(mRlN j AMR8,
, l am inclined to think thu deed of se
paration was unreasonable, and therefore ought
to be set aside. Hut the counsel on both sides
having agreed to receive the decretal order in
its present form, and uot to appeal, I was indu
ced to accede. \v. l). j.
mo* a mti: mxrof r*n?.
CURIOUS CASK.
At (lie last Middlesex session, an appeal was
heard respecting the settlement of a pauper,
which turned upon extreme niceties, anil a Hord
ed ample scope for the wit of Mr. Uurney, an
counsel for the parish of Acton, and Mr. Adol
plius for that of Hammersmith. The house in
which the pauper had alodging was situated part
ly in the two parishes \ the front of it was in the
former parish, but the greater part of it was In
Hammersmith, to which the parish rates and du
ties were naid. Within the house and a little
from the Iroct, ran a sewer underneath which
divided the two p^ishos \ and over the arch of
the sewer stood the pauper's bed. At the head
of the bedstead there was I foot 04 inchos of it in
the parish of Acton and 1 foot 8 inchcs of it in
that of Hammersmith j at tho foot of tlio bedstead
there was 1 foot 5J inches of it in Acton and 8
feel of it in Hammersmith.
Mr. Gurhey for the parish of A. said this was
a point of extreme nicety for tho court to decide t
for in order to come at aright judgment, it would
be in a manner necessary to dissect the pauper
limb by limb, and say how much of this leg or
that arm lay, when he waa In bed, in each parish !
It appeared by the measurement of the model,
that at the foot of the bed tliero was 7 inches
more of it in the parish of Hammersmith,
than in that of Acton t a very material differ
ence, more than compensating for an inch and a
half at the head of the bed, which happened to
\tv more in Acton than in Hammersmith. It
was clvar, from this, that the greater part of the
pauper** body, when in !>cd, lay in the parish of
Ifammeramitn. And although it might be con
tended on the other side, that the proportion of
the pauper's head was in the parish of Acton,
nnd that tho head was tho noblest part of the
hod) i yet it was well known not to be always
so. Indeed the difference at the head of the
hod was ho Htnall against the small parish of Ac
ton, that if the pauper's none had been put a lit
tle nwry, it would have lain in the parish of
Hammersmith. Mr. Adolphus for the parish of
Hammersmith, said, that his learned friend
nhould not have talked of noses. [Mr. Gurney,
" Indeed no man has n better right to talk of
them."} Well then, his learned friend, who.
like tho traveller through Htruaburgh, seemed
to liave heen to the Promontory of Noses, and
to have brought one of the goodliest he could
find, had urged his cause in n very ingenious
manner. Hut it was not by the twisting of no*
ses that the court would decide. An old man#
such as they had seen the pauper to be. would
naturally lie crouching in bed \ especially when
removed from hh wife, he could disp0H0 his
limbs as he p!ea?"d for his own ea?a and com
fort.? There could lie very littlo of a man's bo
dy, who, like the pauper, nan only alwut .1 f<* J
high, in the lower n?rt of a Iwd f? fct .1 inches
long. Mr. Adolnhus tlien handed up the chair
man (Mr. Watson) a very ingenious ami ac
curate model of the houie, ln:d-?tend, and sew er?
made by Mr. Mooring.? The learned Chairman
having consulted a few minutes w:ii Mr. Ser
jeant Belden (the only other Magistrate on thv
bench with him) declared that it was their opi
nion the paupers settlement was in Acton pa
rish as from the model, they were of opinion
that he would incline towards the front of tlio
bed, or at least the most vital parts of his body
would be In that direction. ? Liverpool paper.
"^"otbeaby.
LANCASTRIAN SCHOOLS.
[The following remarks, extracted from a " re
ply to the Vligtnia Argus on the Lancastrian
system," by the editor of the l'ctcrsburs Intel
ligencer, are given with the view of exciting en
quiry en the subject.]
lite editors of the Virginia Argus have com
mented at some length upon the lew strictures
which we made upon I*ancastrian Schools. We
have expressed our decided disapprobation of
the Lancastrian system, principally upon three
grounds. 1st. As being calculated to render
youth mere machines, and to destroy all the fa
culties of the understanding f 2d. As having a
tendency to produce an inequality among the
citizens of the United States ; Silly. By gene
rating vicious habits from a numerous associa
tion of children, as practised in the Lancastrian
Schools.
'11
been
The many plans of education which have
?en invented for the improvement of youth,
all seem to be founded upon two different sys
tems formed for the diffusion of knowledge.? -
One of thc.so supposes that the powers o? the
mind in youth, are best advanced by cultivating
the memory alone, and throwing in a store of
words and a mass of tinconnected facts, without
attention to method or arrangement. This is
the plan which has been adopted by the clerical
order, and the priesthood in all ages as best an
swering their purposesof deception. The Lan
castrian School proceeds upon the t?amej>rinci
pie, but only a more extended scale. By this
system the teacher has onlv to destroy the un
derstanding of one boy, which he uses ns a tool
to produce a similar effect upon a second j the
second acts the part of a parrot to a third ; and
the third re-echoes the words to a fourth | un
til a whole assembly of little children are speed
ily converted into speaking machines. The an
cient system was more slow in its operation t ?
the Lancastrian scheme much more expedition?.
The first occupied one mnn Ave years topr?.d*
thirty fools, Hut in a well organised Lanci
trian inHtiliilinti. ?n ;n/l?u?. r-n ?
tec
<anrns
.... ... ui j^Biiinuu tittlirnK
1 triati institution, an industrious fellow may fa
bricate five hundred automatons in a twelve
I month. Tito opposite system to this, assumes
reason for its guide, and regards memory as po
enndary to the judgment. It teaches the mind
of youth to recollect nothing but what previous
reflection has demonstrated to be necessary .?
It informs the youngpupilof the various advan
tages resulting from'litcrature before it instructs
him in the alpnatot. It teaches him none of
the arts and sciences until his mind compre
hends and is convinced of tho importance of
each* It particularly inculcates as a Almlainen ?
tal maxim that no assertion is to be 'received as
true until confirmed by experience or intellec
tual demonstration. It never permits thepu
I til to be made the slave of superstition, of pre ?
udiceor of tyranny. It renders him in lii.-*
earliest years familiar with the ideas of equali
ty and independence. With respect to the ac
quirement of language. he is taught to speak it
before he reads It ; and he is taught to read it
before the philosophy of grammar is explained
to him. Ho is made to advance In the jpath of
nature and not in the artificial road or peda
gogues and grammatical rulemakers. This sys
tem will never answer thcLancastrian precept on
It requires an attention and care which ono man
can only bestow upon a few. It requires the
teacher to be every moment with his pupil, to
observe all his inclinations and to witness all
hisactions. Yet it is an education) that every
Virginian can afford to give to his children. W"u
would limit every elementary school to this de
scription, to the number of fifteen. The sum
of four hundred dollars per aunutri, would be
sufficient for this purpose. County Charity
Schools upon the same principle, might be c
stablishcd for those whom mixfortuno, or some
other cause had rendered unable to educate
their children.
2d. The Lancastrian system will also have a
tendency to produce an inequality among the
citizens of tho United States. Few reflecting
and independent men will ever commit thoir
children to the direction of such an institution.
There will be a perpetual line of distinction
drawn between those who have been educated
at these confnsed seminaries of mechanics I e
rudition, and between thoso whose minds ha v.
been cultivated in early youth with care end at
tention, and who have always hsd examples of
virtue placed before them, under the most at ?
tractive form.
3d. Nothing is more certain than in these
kind of public schools, the most vicious habit*
are contracted, particularly in the esrly yearn
of vouth. vAt tnis jteriod of life, it were to l>?
desired that alj parents could ^ive their chil
dren a domestic education. The had habits too
frequently imbibed in school, counterbalance
all the beneficial effects of a classical education.
The benefit resulting from rending the best clas
sical authors in the original vanishes, when cow
feared pith the multiplicity of idle and diasipftt^ '
ed ideas which the mind of a boy receives that
associates with many others of his own age.-*?
All the best writers on the subject of education
have agreed on this print. 'litis circumstance
?therefore alone would be a safikietu objection
against the Lancastrian sy