The telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1815-1818, March 19, 1816, Image 1
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the option nt'tlio Kd'itor, until all armirtitro-i arc paid.
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SKKTClfOK TI1K MAHHAUY 8TATR8.
Entering tli'c Mediterranean sea through the
?traits of Gibraltar, tho first land on the right is
theemjjiioof Morocco, tlio mont powerful and
populous of thov.o states which have boon gene
rally denominated the Barbarv powers. Mis
empire extends on the Atlantic ocean,, from
Capo Noon to Cape Spartul, and thence up the
Mediterranean until it touches the territory of
' Algiers. Morocco is governed by an emperor,
who reigns in nil the sevority of eastern despo
tism, that is to suy, with a complete disposal of
tho lives and property of hi* subjects. As the
representative of the prophet, or head of the Ma
hometan faitli in his empire, his will is supposed
to be that of the prophet whom ho represents ;
as sole interpreter of the Koran, which is not
only the religious but the noliticul guide of tho
Mussclmau, in all its ci\ if relations, he governs
without control. Tho effects of thitt perfect u
uion of state and church were never more com
pletely exemplified than in the ompiro of Mo
rocco, whore a late learned and casuistical oin
peror, by an ingenious interpretation of a pan
nage of the Koran, a&sumed the privilege of be
coming the sole anu universal legatee of all his
subjects. This privilege is still exercised at
the will of the reigning monarch, who can at
pleasure take possession of the property of eve
ry deceased person, in despite or the will oftlie
dead, or the rights of the living. ;To thjf pre
sent time it not utifrcquently happens, thai e>
states are thus sequestrated by the emperor,
who either allows the heirs a stipend out or what
belongs to them, or, tti0ro frequently disposses
ses them entirely.
The climate, the toil and productions of Mo
rocco are among the finest and richest in the
world, aiild from its ex tent, its fertility, thonum
her of inhabitants, which is nearly fifteen mil-,
lions, and its advantageous situation, bounding
on two oceans, Morocco would claim the dis
tinctionof a first rate power, wtjre it not op
pressed by a system of government calculated
to depress the human mind, and to destroy the
activity of the body, by rendering the acquisi
tion of knowledge, as well as of riches, dan
jn'ious to tlie imssessor.
At tho nnrtfiernmost extremity of tliis empire
is moii ut A tlas, which it is said gave name to
?he Atlantic oce?n, %
Mom>< Who are be ti entitled to jjiVo it a name,
JMriief d'Zatutc, or Apes Hill* It is Jiearly op
posite the (Jihraltar rock, and these two coiisti
luted the famous pillars of llcrcules, celehruted
i\\\ the boundaries of his labors. It wan here
thai, after severing these two mountains with
'.lis single arm, and thus forcing a communica
rion between the Atlantic and tbo Mediterran
ean fccas, that Hercules elided bis labors, u? well
he might, for it would seem llmt the force of fic
tion could carry him no farther.
The present empire of Morocco, it is sunnos
r-1 formed a part of theKoman province of Mau
ritania, celebrated by the Roman geographer*,
historians and poets, as a country whore every
uroducfion of nature was more excellent, anu
iii greater abundance, than in any portion of the
eartli. It afterwards, on tho destruction of tlie
eastern empire, was overrun by the khalids, suc
cessors of Mahomet, under whom the Moors,
the name given to the descendants uf the Arabs
and Negroes, forming (lie mass of the popula
tion of the Uarbary states, achieved the con
quest of Spain. Prom Spain they were expell
ed, with circumstances of barbarity which, co
operating with the difference in religion, a fruit
fill source of human antipathies, probably caus
? I' that rooted hatred ami contempt with which
they have ever >i nee been animated towards the
Christians.
Soon after toe establishment of tho indepen
dence of the I'uited States of America, the go
vernment turned its attention to the ?ecurilv of
the commerce in the Mediterranean tea, and a
treaty was concluded on tho 2Mb of June, 1780,
which established tho most amicable relatioffs
between the two countries. This treaty was li
mi tod in its duration to fifty years, and a mutu
al good understanding has sub<ii*tcd ever since,
? ith the exception of a trifling interruption, al
though it contained no stipulation for tho pay
ment of tribute on the part of tho 17. States.
Continuing up the Mediterranean, tho next
in order of the Uarbary states is Algiers, which
is four hundred and sixty miles in length, and
from forty to one hundred in breadth. Algiers
formed, like Morocco, a part of ancient Mauri
tania t and, on tho decline of tho Roman em
pire, fell into the hands of the Greeks, who, In
the beginning of the seventh century, were ex
pelled uy the Saracens. After various revolu
tions, in which, though tho tyrant was changed,
the people ever remained slaves, Algiers be
came tributary to Spain, from wlmne domination
it was freed by the renowned Aruch llarbnro*sa,
who, being invited (o Ihe assistance of the Al
gerines, drove out <hc Spaniards, and according
to the custom on such occasions, occupied the
government himself, ltarbarosya, in order to
sustain his usurpation, acknowledged allegiance
to the grand Siguier, and this was continued by
bin successors, who were generally sent from
Constantinople, until the beginning of the se
venteenth century, when, on the representation
?w>f tho people of Algiers, permission was given
by the Porto to elect a bey, who n as to pay a tri*
wvV v -' - . y t v r;. 7 ' )
bute, acknowledge thb ctiitomary allegiance,
and govern with the corifteht of hit divan, or
Council of military ofticers.
. Algiers h%a become, in effect, a inilitar
vernment, the bey being deposed and clec
tlto officer- "r ^ - ---
P^K.to
of depem
the officer* of the laniiarles, without even dp
' ring to tho grand slrnipr, end tiio only trace
denendanco It exhibited in an anr?*' Present
ojfa ft w fine boys to the MtcccMf **' *'oet.
m consequence of this system c u
that, the opprcssionof the peoplet who ,? ?re ho
voice in tho state, remains the same under eve*
r y change, and that tho violence of the Hosiery,
and the tyranny of their creature, has no re
straint whatever, except the boundaries of thfir
vices and their, wants. One tyrant may bo Wi't
to 1 the bowstring, another raided to the tlirone,
without, tho pplo either knowing or caring ji*
Tho city of Algiers derives itsnamo from the
Arabic word Algesair, or tho island, there hay
in# been onco an island fronting the city, which
is now joined to the main land. It is built dn
tho side of a hill, and i9 said to appear, to navl
gators in the form of a ship's topsail* the tops
of the houses being all flat and wjiite. Algiers
is supposed to contain ono hundred thousand in
habitant, principally Mahometans.
Tunis is divided from the territory of Algiers
tyr tho rivor Zaine, and is about threo hundred
miles in length, jt followed tho fortunes of Its
neighbors, having successively formed a part of
tho empire of Home, of tho Saracens*, and of
tho Turks, Its government is now, Iff almost
all respects, similar to that of Algiers, and tho
?amo conseiiuOtices result from it, Tho city of
lunUU built on the north part of tlie gulpn of
Qoletta, about eight miles from tlie sito 01 an
cjont Carthago, of which nothing now rooming
but a few vestiges that indicato nothing of its
former grandeur* ' Its rival, Rome, still exists j
but In Its present stato almost creates a doubt
in tho mln^ which of the two offers to Its con
temptation tho most aftbotlng reverses. Of
Carthago nothing remains but tho place she oc
cupies In history?- of ltomo nothing but what
prusenfc?h aflectihg contrast to her ancient
glory. Carthage is destroyed and her race is
no more ror, it they exist, exist under another
name, and there is nothing of hir but what Js
great? tho memory andthorecortlof hOr former
power. Homo still rem*!**, and thousands of
curious travellers, who haVo read o~
sal empire* her mighty senate, *
scribed emperors, and' her inyfo
MrJ thither to see a citV so famous i?r?ri
and literature. They behold St. Pcfor'?. ,
biting, indeed, a splendid contrast to tho m
and noble remains of Roman grandeur, ye-?
so great a contrast a^ is presented by tho pro
sent race of Romans to tho sturdy, inflexible,,
unconquerable plebeian of tho days of Car io
iUcy see a wretched jwgeant arrogating himself
little less than omnipotence, yet tho mere puppet
of those very princes whose predecessors former
ly held his stirrups ; a government of monks, an
aristocracy of princes, living iu splendid mar
ble palaces, claiming a descent from the Cicsars
??tyrants of the people, and slaves to tho priest
hood, and a miserable populacc, surrounding a
traveller in multitudes, and quarrelling likocurs,
for the very bones that are thrown into tho
streets. Surely Carthage was more fortunato
than her rivul ; for it is better to perish with the
regrets of mankind than to survive as objects
of ; their derision and contempt.
The ancient Romans, who, wherever thev
carried their Atfms, left works of art that survi
ved their empire, and remained as indestructu
hlo evidences of conquest and subjection, ercc
ted at Tunis one of the noblest aqueducts in tho
world. It is ninety miles in length, aifl sonic
ol the arches are nearly un hundred Act high.
It still answer* tho purpose for which if was in
tended, and will probably remain for ages a
lasting; monument of utility and magnificence.
The cityof Tunis was formerly supposed t<| con
tain two hundred thousand people, but its |Sopt,
lutiou is now probably less. It is ten miles in
circumference, walled, flanked with towers,
and has a citadel on a hill at the east side. Tu
nis is ten miles from the sea, and the entrance
to its harbor is by means of a canal, This state
was a rival and match for Algiers, and they
have been at war for a long timo jKist. Of late
years however, the Tunisians have been worst
ed by the gallantry and enterprise of tho Into
Ks is llammida, who Was killed in tlio action
with part of tho American stpntdrun. .
Tho fourth and last of the llarharv powers,
following the course up the Mediterranean sea,
is Tripoli, which is upwards of nine hundred
inilcsin length. Ks capital is a walled citv.
strongly fortified, and with a population of per
haps twtflity thousand souls. Tho same for
tunes with those of Tunis were encountered bv
Tripoli, and tho name sy?tem of government
has neon imposed upon the people.
Little in known of tlie country beyond the
city of Tripolj, except that it is roamed by va
rious tribes of Arabs, who, agreeably t<x the
customs of that wandering race, subsist bv
means of their cattle, and by plunder. About
ninety miles east of Tripoli, was formerly situa
ted a splendid city, founded by tho IMieniciana,
called Lcptis, which, together with Oran and
Tripoli, formed the republic of Tripoiis. Ac
cording to Gibbon, Lcptis was overthrown and
laid in ruins by an earthquake. Tho following
account of the remains of that great city, is fur
nished us by captain Porter, who, after his libe
ration from confinement in Tripoli, visited them
in company with doctor Hidjreley, the Ameri
can cbitsul, and the French vice-consul, at Tri
poli.
" llefore leaving Tripoli," say* captain Por
ter, " it became necessary to mention my inten
tion"' to the bnshaw. and obtain his pcrnii< don (?
ItMt from the Enterprise, then under my cgm
'mand, which he readily granted, and at tlics,
same time, oflcrqd me every facility to enablfe
me to ^ ratify my curiysity. Ho Mid that Vfo
Arabs on thtf coast would prove troublesome to
us, unless they were informed that it was with
his approbation we vhited tlio place \ and to re
move nil apprehensions ofany injury from them,
lie would despatch a chawn or mosscnger to
prepare them fur our reception, and also send a
nils, or captnin of one of Ids corsairs, with me in
my vessel, to cause every civility to be paid to
our party. After these arrangement* had been
made, and permission obtained to take from
Leptis an v curiosities we cot^ld bring off, I took
mi board Dr. Kidgely the AracVlcan consul, the
French vice-consul, tho rais and bis servants,
and proceeded ?nat ward.
,jy On arriving at Leptis, which is known by
I the remains of & large castle nituated close to
the bcach, as well as by the ruins which ' every
where present themselves, we discovered tho
messenger who hod been despatched before us,
and a jwrtv of Arabs with their horses and arms,
and a number of sheep f these, we were told <ln
landing, wore a prevent from the Arabs, agreeat
bly to an order from the baiihaw, and were also
givon to understand that the horses were intend
od for our uso in travelling into the interior, or
wherever e*lo wo wished to go.
" We remained at Lejitt* three days, in
which time we explored all tho ruins, most of
which were in a better state of preHervation, and
far oxceeding In mitgniflccnce every thing of the
kind I Imd seen in any part of tho world. The
columns were mostly thrown down, some of
them broken in two or more pieces, 'iliey were
(generally of an enormomt size, and of that beau
tiful green marble called tho verd antique. It
was evident that they must have been overthrown
by some violent shock of nature, as they were,
in many instances, removed a considerable dis
tance from the bases on which they had stood.
Every wltero was to be seen the ruins of magni
ficent temples, ami all around wore scattered
large fragments of altars, and other decoration,
of tho interior of ancient temples, heads, legs,
arms and bodies of marble statues, as also seve
ral figures, entire, with the exception of their
faces, which hud been destroyed uy the Arabs,
in the belief that they were the bodies of unbe
lievers, who had been turned into stone, as a
punishment for their sins. Parts of superb Mo
saic floors lay exposed to view, ami several
coins Of former ages, reduced to rust by long ex*
poSure, were found. Wo visited also the burial
places^ and took copies of tho inicriptions on
Wfc.Mwrous marble sa^cophages, but without
itit gf materials taken from
among the rough stones
,^the square ends of coffins,
lUsingon the changcs which
? circumstances so often produce.-?
Shafts of marble columns generally formed the
principal foundations of tliese miserable "huts,
whose yhole appearanco exhibited such a mix
ture of anient elegance, contrasted witli mo
dern barbarity, as served to impress moro strong
ly uiHin oui* mind* than ever, tho mortifying
truth, that nothitMs eternal which is the work
of man, and that those, who erect tho subliinest
temples to the Gods, Mow not but that tliey
are preparing materials for the hut of tlio robber*
" Wo visited the pott, and saw thostoqo re?
servoirs where tlio galleys once obtained their
supplies of water, and coi.'.d distinctly sco front
whence it used togtlsh out, as woll as the steps
by which their crews asceudcd from their vcb
m-Iji. The port wiis circular ; the entrance nar
row, and strongly defended by castles, which
in tliOhe days were no doubt deemed impregna
ble. Tho bottom of this harbour is now above
the level of the sea, and where ships once rodo,
the grass now grows. The aqueduct is still en
tire in niatty parts, and the castles, the temples,
and other sujierb remains, aro now the ubode of
the jatkall and wild-pidgoon. The walls of
that dt?, in some places have been shaken
down, and on the side towards the sea are near
ly rovered with the ^ands of the ocean, which
the strong north winds have thrown upon the
coast. In *onio parts tip tops of tho houses aro
exposed.1 tho sand having not yet quite covered
them. They ure of hewn stone and flat. On
digging through some dVty'cm, wo found they
were filled with sntld. Tho amphitheatre,
winch is without the walls of the city towards
tin* oust, exhibits thp vest iucs of great tnagnili
reucc. It is about iioVeqtf yards wide, and ono
hundred and fifty it) length, with flights of stone
steps, running from the area in the middle, to
the outer walls. Tho entrances are at either
end, and it never has beta covered. There is a
range of pedestals running the whole length of
the area, and on diguing in the sum! at tho base
of ono of them, wo found tho head of. a lion,
which I took on board tlio Knfarpri?e. and gave
to Mr. Lafi-oijc, on my arilial in tlio L'nltcd
States."
Such itt I.ootis, oiicn the |>rinci|?n1 city, of a
potent confeunracy of citiei*, which defied the
power of (lie ltoman emperor*.? What remain*
of it now, in only calculated to add ono more to
tin! niiUH'roiiK instance 4 of tliut oblivion, to which
:il I the |>li\ sicxil labor* of man hcoiu dentincd.?
01' the xplemlid riti? H mentioned ill ancient hiR*
lories, \v<* know not wluro many of them Htood,
:md of l he others, nothing reimiiiiHbut a fett in
definite trace*, either to lend or mislead the
?chohir. Wert* i< not for the poet or tint liUto*
rian. it never would have In cii known to ua
(hut thev r\< r had hern :tt all. Troy now only
cxiat* in the poi-try ol llouicr, and tlio fato of
thut city is io itnelf sulVx'ient to convince unt
thai noiie of the w ork* of man appiojii-h ho near
to iuitiioi fjiiif v :??> rln? l;tl?oi<fof hi> iniud.
.\'nx->! f'A*? nletfi.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? tmmmm i
v ,, MftpiCINAL.
' \frurk 'fur thai lancer.? Having lately met
wkh the following i?rticulani resnectiug a aim
(>foSijipli<fltioii, that i* confidently asserted to
circ a tlhji'Axe. for tho removal uf which the most
nniufut oxpedieuts have liitlierto been deemed
indispensable necessary, I request you to give
them a place in your paper, in the hope that
Aoiho of Your readers may be induced to mako
trial of tho method there recommended, atul
communicate to you the result of tho experi
ment* Should it prove a? efficacious as the
French practitioner assert* it to be, I need not
observe, that to all who are afllictiKl with tho
cruel disorder in question, the receipt must bo
of inestimable value, lite celebrated Parisan
actress Madomoisclle Coutat, lately underwent
an operation for the Cancer^ On this occasion
Monsieur Huelle published in the papers a re
ceipt of a far leas painful and more speedy euro
for that disease, assuring that it will effect tho
radical cure of Cancer in 3 days, and without
surgical operation. 44 Tliitf remedy," says he,
"tjouwtft simply in apiece of dough, about tho
sIm of a ?malf lien's egg, and a lump of hog's
lard, the older the bettor, of tho samo dimensi
ons. Theio substances thoroughly mixed, so
as to fprin a kind of salve, must bo spread on a
piece of white leather, and applied to the disea
sed part." In confirmation of the efficacy of
this roincdy, Mr. Ituello cites MademoiBce
Chaumero, mother to tho bookseller of that
I mine in tho Palais (loyal, who was about to un
dergo the usual operation, [of excision j when a
woman, who had been cured by this application,
informed Iter of it. She joyfully availed herself
of this remedy, and, aa the Journal de Paris as
serts, was completely cured iu the space of three
d ny*. ? Liverpool paper.
Cure for the Gout. ? It is believed (lint those
who arc troubled with that exalted disorder, the
Gout, may find a safe, if not an effectual rente*
dy in the following simple recipe. Having
lately recommended it to a friend who wan se
verely afflicted with this painful disorder, the
writer has the pleasure to state that after a few
applications, he was so fur recovered as to at
tend to his usual avocations ; wheroas before he
tried this remedy, it was so painful as to de
prive him of sleep for several nights.
" l)r. Steiihouse, of Kdinburgh, has adopted
a method for the cure of the gout, no less im
portant for its simplicity than the almost instan
taneous success with which it is attended. The
method is no more than holding the affected
part over hot or boiling water. Gout h* consi
ders m proceeding from obstruction. Hy the
action ot steam tho fibres are relaxed, or what,
is the same tiling the pressure of the common at
mosphere is diminished and the cure of course
I re I a\*o i^pracl life upon' himself in two
instances, lie was first attacked in the hand ;
when the fit had acquired its last stage, both in
pain and swelling, he held his hand over a com
mon tureen full of boiling water. In a few
minutes the pain abated, and in 25 minutes en
tirely subsided : and, had it not been for tho
swelling lie could have used his hand as well as
if nothing had happened. The second attack
was in his foot which he allowed to proceed for
44 hours, lie then suspended it over a pail
nearly fullof boiling water, and covered it with
flannel. In the course of an hour he was free
from pain and walked about tho room as usual.
The Doctor observes, that in case his stomach
or bowels shall bo attacked, he will immerse hi*
whole bodjt in a Hogshtad of steam, lie hut
been in gtood health and free from gout ever
since tie ' tried these experiments though verv
near seventy* This vapour bath ought to bV
repeated Mveral times, even after the pain is
removed, in order to effect a radical cure.*'
Cine for a Felon. ? Copied from the Orange
County Republican, of Nov'r 1800. ? The fol
lowing was taken from the paper of Deacon f .
Lumberly, and published at his express request.
" Take a piece of rock salt, about the size of a
butternut* wrap it in a cabbage leaf, if to be had,
if not, in a piece of brown paper | cover it with
coals, as you would to roast an onion ; after it
has been roasting about ?0 minutes, fake it from
die fire* and powder it very fine ; mix it with
an much common soap as will muke a salve t if
tho soap bo not pretty strong of turpentine
(which may be known by the smell) then add u
little more to it* Apply the salve to the parr
affected, in the course of a few hours, and some
times in a few minutes, the pain will lie reliev
ed. After this, if a suppuration has taken place,
it must be healed like a common sore."
Jlnecttotf of Dr . tAne. ? This noted Irish phv
siciau, who died of the small pox at the age of H.>.
built a house in a peculiar manner, so as to have
the full benefit of the circulation of the air. ?
Kvcry window had another opposite to it, none
Of which he ever suffered to be shut or glu/ed.
The room in which he slept had four open win
dows, two Oil cach side of his bed. If wan re
marked that, for fifty years together, nobody
died out of his house, lie carried this doctrine
to such an exefss a* to contend, that no house
could lie wholesome where a dog could not get
in under tho door, and a bird at tho window.?
Upon his death, his boii had all tho windows gla
zed. soon after which several persons were bu
ried out of tho house.
Itmetliffor so re fttes. ? Hoil a quart of an
ounce of i'ammomilo {lowers in a pint of new
milk, and wash .the eyes three or four times a
day.
For hnbUuat hradach ? Drink half a pint oi
sound hard cider in the morning* daily he
fore breakfast. Wash the hea'i w ith cold wati .
??very morning, and rub it dry with a towel.