Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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? ? ... am ? tkii vrr it v. n sckknck. ^kuxtiu-:\ ik\\. . J.r/ivss In thn I/ilei'iiri/ ovil i'hitoioiilUcnl . ?:/' Suuth'Cnroliiitt : by Sto|>1i?*n I'.Miott. Ictii of the iocieU> &c. 4io.. Charleston, This addrc** was del'm'rfd lit the first meouii" t?T a Literary ami Vhilosophical ? ?'?.?.recently Instituted in thecitv ufCharle* ml iVum the good scientific t.inle display this their fi ? t publication, we are induced ? if w ell -of the future luhours of tlie %oci? r;?n plan or the dUcourscts >jmple and ? 'I i tlie style uinul v anil uimttt'Cted. ? i li ill introduces his subject by a few pre rcinarks, in the course of which he briefly . ?? out the proper uses timl object* of lite t r d scientific associations. ?? Their linen,* ? . *? are important ond diversified. Not . .???! tu fvim theories, to establish or support .lar ?ystems either in science or in art, Ik-mi their nunc humble province to col scattereil and fading rays <>f philosophic (*i rerortl detached anil isolated facts, to ?up* the pursuit and investigutinn of truth, to hcience popular it y. to di aw the human iiiuii the trivial and often uii worthy in of momentary interest or pas?ion ; and ?? d the friend* and cultivators of literature ilosoplty ?ome point of union nod concert. > n.f now easy to determine how much these ? ? latinos have aided the iiiiproveuient of ci I society, tor added by their labours and .-?lies to the mass of hitman knowledge. ? .ask has been to collect the ?tone, the ? ?, and the block with which the future ??-t mnv rear his edifice } and like the it-ii of the <|unrry, although their imli vi sbiuirs may Ih> unnoticed or hidden in the <1 structure, vet have they essentially . nted to its solidity and magnificence." i'len proceeds to sketch out, as it were, -a I map of the present state of human ?il^e in these various walks of science ?< It the several classes of the society had ?M;tned, comprehending not only (io use hippy dixtmction) (t those severer sci hii li promote the improvement and pow ?ociety,** but aUo those literary arcoin ."tits u which improve and adorn the in ?al.'* This is done in a natural and un ??I manner, wholly free from that clumsy ?<tiipoUK pedantry which so fre<|uently di* compositions ol litis nature. Nothing is easy than (o get up a display of universal edi?o for Mich an occasion from eucvclo ?! ?, abridgments, reviews, and all those . .unit repositories of second-hand, thread ? cieiice. w hich the benevolence of the pre ? ? ??;*? has so copiously provided for the assist * -.f literary pauper*. Mr. Klliott, however, rs lo have despised this poor and useless and to have drawn immediately from ?'??res of hia own mind. In many of the .. : meats of science on which he touches, ?? .1 *erln nothing moro profound than a general ? .untance with their objects* mjes, and cha - .'t while in others), especially natural his ? iod its auxiliary branches, lie lingers with i :der affection, and scent* embarrassed with '' 'udeof facts and observations which , .u Ins mind, comparatively too minute - much insisted upon in so general a review, et too important to be wholly passed over. i ? study of natiirnl history, says he, has -ir many years the occupation of my Ici ?? oincntHj 'it is a merited tribute to say ' lias ligliteiied for me many a heavy, antl ?? 'bed many a rugged hour; that beguiled charms, 1 have found no road roiidh or i!t, no journey tedious, no country deso ? >r barren. In solitude never solitary, in a - i. never without employment, I have' found ' ,i relief from the languor of idleness, the ? ire of business, uiul even the unavoidable ... :itie? of life.*' '?.? following note while it, h1k?\vh tlint Mr. .1* not been a mere closet naturalist, con ?o much useful information ill so short a ? .us, that we cannot refrain from extract* ?' ? 'v ' Ifi' Kuzft : V - ^ *'*? ' & has ill wnyi appeared to me tliat we did illrii'ntly value thU (Carolina) as II frolt '??' country. Our climate not only allows ? :i \ i?ry great variety of fruit, but those ? iii? 'i!ar which grow in the mellow ham* laud* of our sea islands, po>.*ess a very .'nl ?>.\(|iii.<<i((.> flavor. There is certainly a ?miuautc of iiioiMtn re in the latter part of ?mnier, aii?l <Mi r orchards should be so ar I a.? to counteract thin defect. Most of ?lit trees should he planted on the brow, ? Initv, ?>f a hill, or in a dry porous soil. <-? should be trained to a considerable - tVom th" "round, to avoid (he steam ami whit li K^?"'ially sucr.ecd our heavy in Miinuovr. I have known every grape ? . arbor, which hung within fhree feet of -the ?d, |>eri?h ; when those which were eleva "vt'M or eight foet, camo uenerally to tna ".. . It in idle in us to follow the practice country totally dissimilar in climate.-? = of the fi ititn of warm climates succeed ?at, the orange, the pomegranate, the lig, 1 believe most of the tropical fruits could, t vcrv slight shelter. he rained without the r .-ii-tiiU iiiT lient. Of the valuable fruit of ".operate climates nearly all prosper. The ?tcceeds admirably, but many of its finest . have liot vet bee* introduced. With >;ile we have been less successful. though <Mifn| applet* have lately been cultivated. ?? insect which depredates on our peacltes. . " r Kc. threatens to destroy our finest and valuable fruit. It is small, and the esrg which it hatchcM, in deposited under the <f the fruit at all stages of it* growtl),? ? pears to prefer (lie smooth skinned fruit, ectarinn and jdtimb to the peach. I have v ii the fruit ot a nectarine tree totally lie* fed before tlie.y had at taincd the size of a nut - - :. 1 have trie'd to raise this insect, several e,t, from its caterpillar state but without sue 1 know not, therefore, to what genus it 1 have referred it to the curcwiio from formation ef others, Rome times I Imve H to fie tho larva of a dipterous in ?ect. It appear* to pani iUchrysalU fetate in the earth. llence, |>;i veil yard*, which afford it iio ?heltcr,ure favorable Hituationa fur peach* troe*. llence, too, the accemt of hog* to peach orchard* iAadvantugcon*, an they cat the uuripc It nil an it drops, anil devour the iukccU. f lenccv too, poultry uro serviceable, bocause although they cannot destroy the iimcctn in the fruit, they ?Crutch up ami eat the crysalidc*. Smoke ap pearn unfriendly to thene iiiHvct*, and very fine pcache* arc conHcquuiitly rained in the central parts of Cliarleaton, whiles in the ouUkirt* of the city, they are almost totally destroyed.? i Whether thin inncct wu* native or imported, in uncertain, and i? now immaterial. it in progre* King slowly , but gradually ihroimh our country. An old and very icxpectalrio inhabitant of ltcau tort, tolil ute, ihu remembered when thin iiiHect win only known around CharleHtoo, and the fruit utliea'iCorUund in that neighborhood, were entirely exempt IVom it. Thin wan probably JO or til) year* ago. The late Joaopli Turner, collector of the Port of Drunitwick, Georgia, told me, about four yearn a no, though ! suspect incorrectly, that it wan not thou known on St. I Simon 4. The individual who should discover an , effectual and easy remedy against the depreda tion* of thin iiiricct, would merit a very high reward. " Another inncct. very distinct from this, and much larger (the larva of a I.inmean sphinx) ha*, by ignorance, been sometimes confounded with it*. Tlii* caterpillar live* on the root of the peach tree, devouring the liber or inner bark. H in jure* the tree itncll', and Hhorten* it* existence, but doe* not affect the fruit. Mo?t of the ipiack remedicH agaiiiHt the peach insect, such us open ing the root* of the tree in winter, applying to them tar, lime, mar*h mud, &c. arc cli re'e ted in fact agaiiift thin insect, which i* not the offend ing one. So necessary is knowledge, in every pursuit. Yet tlii* caterpillar ought certainly to he deHiroyed, a* it affect* tiie health and dura tion of the tree." Bell's LITERARY NOTICES. Thomas Coo|?er, esq. late professor of chymis try in Carlisle College, has published " A lYea tiAo on the art of dyeing Silk Cotton & Wool," with practical remarks, calculations and pro cesses on the subject of calico printing. This work contains what ha* been ho long wanted, not theoretical disquisitions which arc sparingly introduced, but the actual processes of the Ger man, French and English dye-houses ; and we j understand that it hnrt the reputation both among our chcmirttrt and practical dyers of living the liest book on tho subject now extant. Thin miuht huve been expected, consideiing that the auUinr in not only an able, chemist, buHius been practically conversant with the subjecWif which liu treats. In the present stute of our infant manufactures the work may be considered as a valuable acquisition to tho public. Mr. Cooper lion in tho press, a M Treatise on Gas Lights," n subject to widen the general at tention is now attracted, and which deserve* a full and impartial consideration. The mind of the British public is now satisfied e?td the beau ty and cconomy of this mode of lighting street* and houses, and it is hoped it wlU erelong mw uerally adopted iu this country. Proposals have been issued for publishing Philadelphia, in monthly numbers of 10 pages, a new work, to be entitled, " The Evsfo nl Repository, ''?each number to contain grapliy of some illustrious Christian, toj witli religious Ik literary essays, intelligenc J. Rain of llnltimorc lias published a lion of Brooke's (General Gazetteer, iminv A. Ftnley of Philad. hasjustpublishea** engravings of the MiisclcH anu Joint** Illustra ting the Anatomy of the Ifatriati Body;" in 4to. containing 17 plates with cepjous explanations t the plates of the London edition were drawn and engraved by Mr. Hell* T. % J. Swords, N. Y, ? have published vol. 1, and have the fid. vol. In the pre-)*, of" Buyer on Surgical Diseases arid the operations aufted to theni," tran?lai<Ml fr6m the French, by A. 11. Stevens, Bl. It.ef Queen's College, N. Jersey. :\r The first No. nf the" Portico," has appeared. ? M. Carey, (Philad.) lifts published the 7th edi ttoti of hi? " Olive Branch, or Faults on lioth sides," Improved and enlarged. M. Carey has in press, u Travels in the Inte rior of Brazil, preceded by an account of a voy age to Rio de la Plata,' " by John Maw in 1 vol. 8vo. with plates and a map. SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. In Germany, Mr. Gehleii, a conductor of an excellent chymtcal journal, and himself a pro found chvmist, fell n victim lately to his aruent pursuit of rhymical knowledge. In company with his colleague Mr. Kehlatid, he was prepar ing some arsenatcd hydrogen gas j? and wliile watching for the full devcTopement of this air from its acid solution, trying at every momeftt to judge from its peculiar smell when the opera tion would '>e completed, he inhaled the fatkl noisou which has deprived chy.nical sciencoof his valuable discoveries. (ian-Light. ? At. fort Ellis, in N. Scotia, asap pcars by a letter of A tig. <2, a successful attempt was made to procure the enrburetted "hydrogen for gas-lights, front birch Imrk mixed with pitch pine knots* Hi* ounces of 'the former ami two of pine knot were put in a metal tes-kettle j the cover was closely luted with clay, and the ket tle put on the fire i i it from .1 to 7 minutes the gas escaped out of the no7//.le of the kettle, and beingset fire to* uave a clear light equal to three candles, for one hour and 30 minutes ? tOoz. of of birch*bark alone, issuing through a reed, pro duced a flamo for A hours, without burning the reed. 'litis experiment was made by Messrs. Harris and Harper. The carburetted'hydrosen from pine saw-dust as well as from cord, lias been exhibited every year for thesa four years, in a course of lectures in this country. Liver pool coal yields about 23 gallons of gas to the pound of coal, and pine saw-dust about IH. in a small experiment-? in a large way it woulo pro bably yield much more. 6fo*f-/ro/t.? -Messrs. Saliburv k Co. of the old Buftto/'s iron works near lludlny, have dis covered amniotic of preparing cast-iron, which gives it toughness, flexibility ami elasticity, pro milling most valuable result* to tho arts und to architecture, both civil and naval, particularly in tlio construction of Hridges, occ. 8ic.? Mr. Itrand member of the royal Institution, is en gaged in a series of experiments to ascertain the comparative strength of coiniuou cast iron> and wrought iron and tho prepared cast iron of Messrs. Salisbury & Co. The trials made of this preparation by othera, answer every expec tation that could be raised. JSHe of RnHltnnak* ? J/ydrophobia. ? The al galiu, lirst discovered in Guatiinala and brought into notice by tho bishop of Chiapa, lh*. Fcrmen Johc Kuero, in 1801 or 1^)2, is nearly allied to the cotton plant and ochra of Mouth-Carolina. H is an annual plant, growing live or six feet high, dowering in September una tho seeds ripening in Nov. It bus a musky smell, something like that emitted by snakes, which it is aaid are xever found iu its vicinity. Tho Indians having ob served a toad bit by a rattlesnake run typhis plant, made the circumstance knowrt at Ouati* inula, TtibaHCo, Mexico and Yucatan. The pa pers of (Juatimalu say, that a man bitten twenty* live times by a rattlesnake, und carried homo gpcecliless, was recovered next day. llorses uml dogs ure also cured by it. For Hydropho bia the yevba del na/iu is given in Mouth-America. Half an ounce of tlx* ncedn aro inl'imcd ill wine, which tho patient drinks ) tho done requires to be reuewed j when the needs cannot Ik* procur ed, the leaves are used. The above remedies are published by Mr. Uooth, surgeon at Yuca tan in South- America.-? J'ort Fuliu. CONG11K8S. HOUSE OF 11111*11 KNK.NTATlVRs, Suiurilay, Fvbnmtv '27 Tito engrossed bill to repeal the duties ondo-i mestic manufactures wuh read a third time and | passed. I The house then attain resolved itself into a | committee of the whole on the re|>ort of the com*| mittce of ways and means, respecting the reve nue ; and after a short time spent therein the committee rone. The Iiouhc took up the report of the coinmittcc of the whole on the proposition to reduce the an nual direct tax to three million*. The amend nieiit (agreed to on suggestion of Mr. Clay, in committee of the whole) to limit the tax to one your, ho as to bring the subject annually before the house, was taken up and agreed to, 109 to IG. After a short debate in which Mr. Stanford spoke at considerable length against the direct tax, & ail the. other internal taxes, as unnecessa ry, if a correct policy were pursued j and point edly condemned the course adopted of late years by the majority in the government, &c. And Mr. Gaston staled .why lie differed from many of hi* colleague* and friends, in opposing the motion j and for lending his support to the continuation of the tax in question j to .whom Mr, Kaudolph replied, and reiterated hi*' rea ??n?jy Sf^ttaVwh0" ' M6-htt -e ap' but at this time he was uL, The question wan taken peul the tax entirely, and declitei live HI to 7:1. . . Mr. Pirkens then made a motion to amend jOMi resolution for continuing u direct tax of 3 millions, so a* to reduce the direct tax from wkrre to ftco millions ) but licfore the question \vas taken, the house adjourned. ?I February 5. The house again considered the pioposition of the committee of way* and means to continue the direct tax at three millions. Mr. Pickering's motion to reduce the sum from three to t wo mil lions, wan negatived.* On motion of Mr. Kor Hytlm, the further consideration of the subject, was suspended, to take up the bill from the Sen n to, concerning commerce with Great Britain, the bill from Hie Senate regulating commerce with Groat llritain, being taken unl'or conside ration by the house, Mr. ForsVthe moved to strike but tlie whole of the sai?l mll? except its caption, and insert in lieu thereof) the words of the bill lately passed by .the house and rejected by the Senate. On this taotion Mr. Porsythe spoke in explanation and comparison, and was replied to by Mr. Lyon. On the question to agree to the amendment (of the whole) there were yeas HI? nays 73. 'lite bill thus amend* ed was ordered for a third reading. 'tttrnfay, Frbrmirp fl. i Mr. Johnson repotted u bill for organizing the I general staff', autf making further provision for) the organisation of the Army of the U. Htutcs whirh was twice read. The house, on motion of Mr. King, resumed the consideration of the resolution submitted by Mm yesterday. lie then withdrew his motion, and in lieu thereof laid on the table, for future consiilefotioti, the following?'4 lie tolled, tlmt the committee of Foreign Itelations be instruct ed to enquire into the expediency of excluding from the ports of the ITnitcd Stales, or of in creasing the duties on all foreign vessels owned in, -coming from, bound to or touching at arn of the possessions, of any nation of Kurope in the West-Indies, and on thu continent of Ame-i rics, from which the vessels of the 1*. 'States are excluded, and of prohihitiog or ot increasing the duties on the importation in foreign vcmoIs of atW Articles of tho growth, produce or ma nufacture of such possessions." | A Utter waf received from the Kerretary of the Treasury, transmitting the information re quired by tlie order of the house* udopted yes terday at the suggestion of Mr. Jtaudolph. The hill from the Senate concerning the con* mention of commerce with Great- witain, as yesterday amended in this house, was read a third time and passed. The house resumed the consideration of the proposition of the i ommittee of ways and means to continue the direct tax of three millions ano ther year. y ' I Mr. INckens* motion to reconsider the vote1 on the question of repealing said tax, after dis cussion was derided hi the negative, fi 7 to f?H. The resolution to continue the Dircrt Tax of lltrAA hlillinl. ? O ???? or touching at, any of the possession* of a nation of EttVone in the WesMudies, ami the continent of America, from which the v so I h of the (J. States are exclutlc<l 5 andof pro biting, or of increasing the duties on the i Imi tation in foreign vessels of any articles * growth, produce, or inunufucture of hiicIi p sessions. An amendment was offered by .> Ilrudbury, which, after somo debate, was nc^ tived, and tlie resolution was then agreed to. 'l'ho house resolved itself into a commit* of the whole on the subject of the rc|Mirt of 1 committee of ways and means on the revcuu> The following resolution, reported 1>> 1 committee, being under consideration : ? 1> Kulvetl, tliul it in expedient to repeul the art < titled " an act to provide additional revem lor defraying tlio expcuce* of government u maintaining the public credit, uy laying dut on spirits distilled within tlie United States a Teriitorien thereof, and by amending tlie Inying duties 011 licenses to distillers of spiri ouh liquors, panned 4111 the 31st of Dcccmb 1814, excepting niitatfie iGth, 18th, 1 9th n '21th sections thereof, Trom aud after the 1 nt 1 of April next, and from tlie same day to a MO per cent, to the amount of the duty whi all stills now subject to duty are liable to |v After some time spent in tliu proposition a rejection of iimeudiucnts, the committee ro rc|M>rted progress, and obtained leave to again. Mr. llasset, from the committee to whom ' referred the memorial of Com. John llodg< of the nayy, respecting a judgment obtan against him by John Donncll ol liallimore, the value of n vessel detained by a frigute longing' to a squadron under tlio commaiu Com. ft. reported a resolution for his relief. P Mr. Randolph gave notice of his inteutioi move an enquiry into the constitutionality cr, a inetube ? r>it?feioner uii lug a member ... v Thurntay, February A. Mr. Bw^rtion from the committee on Pu Lands, reported a bill confirming pre-emp rights givel) in the purchase of lauus to ccn settlers in the statu of Louisiana and territc of Missouri and llliuOis) which was twice i and committed. Mr. Cannon luid before the houso a resolu of the Legislature of Tennessee, requesting the collection of the Direct Tax of the pre year may be delayed wholly or in part to next or subsequent year \ and alto a resolu rejecting the aiueudutent# proposed to the ? stitutioii of the Ignited btatt* by the state Massachusetts and Connecticut. Tho Spca also, laid before the house tho annual report the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund. On motion of Mr. Inghain, tho Hecretai tlie Treasury wan requeste i to lay before house a statement of tlte valuation of land*, under tho direct tax. The houso resumed the consideration of report of the committee of Way* and Mi on the revenue. The proposition to amend resolve respecting the Whiskey Tux, by re ing tho pro|K>*ed addition of 100 per cent the capacity of tho still* to 50 per cent, further debated, and negatived by a small jority. Mr. M'l^eau ot Ohio, then move* amend the resolve so as to equalise the rate license to distil per week, month, &c. to rate of the license per year ; which propo* was agreed to bv a minority of 20 or .10 v# Tlte resolution to repeat the duty on the qui ty of spirits distilled, and to increase the ? oil the capacity of the still 100 per cent, then agreed to. The next resolution, to repeal the dutie* household furniture, ami on gold & silver w es, was agreed to by the rominlttco. The remaining icsolution was then take as follows : " tlcmilveily That it is expetl so to amend the rates of duties upon impo articles, alter the .10th of June next, us that ?>liall be estimated to produce an amount e to that produced by an average addition o p(:r cent, to tho permanent rates of duties Agreed to without a division \ and the com tee rose ^reported their proceedings.to the ho Mr. Lowndes from the committee of W and Means, reported a bill to carry into e the proposition respecting tho dire<*t, tax, (ail ed by the house the other day) which bill - twice read and committed. Priil tiyt i'ebriufu 9. Mr. Ward of Miim. submitted forconsid (ion tlfe following resolution : ? '? Jfe/to/iW,' I the Secretary ot the Treasury bo iustiurtei receive, uloite, in payment of duties, imp and excises and debts due to the United Hta gold, silver and copper coin, treasury notes the notes of such hanks as pay specie for t bills, excepting iu cases in wldclt it h other* provided by law."