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Ar to inee%ctioa which ? gentleman liad rained, Oiut the lodging of the authority to treat ulmut cmamervo in the treaty-making power, i would trench on tho powera of Congrew, it wm [ of no ci)itM!<|U0Uce, tiineo the lejrfrtfative power* of C'oiigreftR wero 00 vaat, ao universal, unit to . ?'\tcn?ivr, that ii was not practicable to impart k |>o\v(U' to any constitutional organ which might not Ih? Haiti to bo in Home, degree an encroach* went uoon it. The power of making peace evi dently trenched upon it? -yet no one denied that it ought 10 exist) Htnco it extated for the public IxTullt. Jsuppo.'W Mr. rinkney) flint, in order to encouragc exportation, annuity wore unactcd by Congress, upon that of sumo commodity, not bein*; contraband of war. If in a treaty, iuh> secpiently made with another nation, a clause i.lmuld lh? iiiclu<lo<t extending the law of con traband to that v?ry commodity there the efli ? uc y of your latva would he contravened, and what t'ongreiw legislatively encouraged, a sim ple treaty would. ?top. I might go through a whole list of case#, in which there must Iieccii* harilv be, forever, h conflict between the treaty ! milking power, and the act* of Congress f but I will not trespass on the house, while the one i have stated in ktiilicimit. The ef IV rt of a treaty of poaee, i* to re|H'al war.? Who made war f the law of congress. Who empowered congress r the. constitution empow er* emigres* to make war, and therein to do the greatest, the most Ko|emn,aml most tremendous in t. which power can din? all act which changes the whole slate of thing* in the couutrv. ami brings hostility into its very bosom. Can you hhow ail act of Mich vast ellect a* wur r ami vol by flu* authority of tiie constitution, the pre sident can, with a mere treaty of peace repeal that act, and in nu instant it vanishes. an it bv manic. Youjiave power of legislation extend ing to all tiling which can lie done witliout a participation uf-foringii po\\ cr. Vet vour* in nut greater than that of the president. but Is of a different nature. Von le^i-late that war tsliall he made, lie enact* that war shall cease, auil when by that enactment war has ceased, in your fi.st necessary to make it better or give it validi ty ? Certainly not. In not thiii example conclu sive. that you posses* tha{ greatest of |H>wers, to declare war, hut thai the president c.mtrol* you by legislation in >hape of a contract. If thi? hefon* the house. then, be not a treaty. I ask you what is it r If it be a treaty, your legislating i an add nothing to it* value, or its validity.-? Tl.e power of thu president in re?pcct to com mercial tivatv -making, is a power not to make inert* proposals, or shadows or figments, but to do that which, at the very instant that it in done is the law of the laud. Vour fiat is no more necessary to it than to a bare treaty of peace? it is a good ami perfect treaty without it. If von deny the soundness of this conclusion, then is the constitution an anomaly. It *ets a part a certain portion of government, ami ap points itylo make treaties, making no exception whatever of commercial treaties ? hut if this be denied, nml the right to make commercial trea ties shall by remote infiueuce, be construed away from the treaty making organ, the whole wilbto. and the pow er of treating even for peace wftrvanish along with it." Mr. P. then endeavored to convince the House, that against any possible abuse of the treaty -making power the nation possessed a* 1 4*idnnt security, in the responsibility of the President and Senate, and in the restraint im* posed by publjc opinion. The House of llep rosonfatives wero responsible j but a president was still more so? for the latter coulu bo im peached, ami the former could not. llut there wus a no less powerful restraint upon the Pre sident. lie had to lay down Ins office after a certain period of service, anil to go back & range with his fellow-citiy.cn*, to be affected according to Ids deserts, in Ids fame and his fe licity? to be liked or lo(ithed-~to be respected or contemned? to live with honor in history, ?r to be infamous forever ? These Mr. P. said verc awful restraints* And what restraint* (asked Mr. Pinkney) are there on you? Yon foo go back at the ??rid of vour term, perhaps with the hope of ty? ing i e -elected? und a disappointment of thai hope is your greatest punishment. Hut there is the public opinion which in every free country acts r.s the most imwerful of all t'estr^ints upon men in power? In Oreat Ilritain, which though it come* nearer to this government than any other, is far less subject to the operation of that nwlul restraint, public opinion is effectually felt. The king is hereditary, the lords are the same ? both are out of the reach of the people'* voice in election, and even tjie House of Com* iiions by means of the rotten boroltglis, feel in some degree absolved from dependence on the people? but even there, public opinion acti with certain success? not by immediate force, but by an indefatigable renewal of it? onsets. And if thus, public opinion lie so omnipotent Ihtn, what must It bo lure , where the magistrates w holly rely upon the people for their elevation to office. 'Is this no restraint ??? Yes, it is a great one t ? aud it is the very restraint to which the framers of the constitution looked with confidence for the preservation of the country's rights and freedom : ? a confidence which 1 . jst and firmly believe was not mis placed ? Hut, Httitl ho, if it fthdnld be otherwise, ami the < Mcf niaui?trnto hIhhiIiI abtii?c I?ih power no an to ?ii< tu* jmf>lic reprobation* the law of impeach* tm>nt. urged on by tha virtue of the itnlion, woulil nH.xiirodltr brliijf mm to the punUlmuMit hr dt*?ervrd. 'Hut (here i* a further restraint still. The president ciinnot net without the rnnctirreucc of three fourth* of the Senate*?* WIihI i? yo'ir rcftponHihiUf v ? ? Your low) of re* Hection-^-are not the Hc-nate <*<|unlly reHjHiniii ble~?You rispronriit the tl?ev the Mate*) ami the MAte/i CQtt deliberate upon their divert* and reject or elect them Accordingly. I lore Mr. V. snul, t!m? though ho had i yurie* t v ?)i' other topif* to advance in argument, ha w i ? AO exhausted that he muiit atop, [Mr, Hfifi(lnlnfi*n rrvhj to Mr. J'inkntu hnt* remirlty dtfcftyd until our ne.vf.'j IIOVSB'OP REPRESENT ATIYHS . Fi-idiy, January IV. Mr. RooK alter some remarks explaining the necessity of small change, and the cause ol4 1(? scarcity, to wit, that our cent* were worth more, especially during the war, in copper bolts than their nominal value, offered the following resolutions, Which were referred to a select, committee. '* That the weight of the cornier coin ought to be reduced to four ppnny-weignts the cent. , That tho copper coin of tho United States might to bo made a legal tehder to the amount 01 ono dollar. That provision ought to be made by law fyr the punishment of counter* , feititfg tho copper coin of the United Htak'S." The House resolved itself into a committee of tlie wliulo on the report of the cbmmittco on the rules nud' order* of tho House. Ah unual, this report, in its various details, gave riso to much Achate, and especially on the subject of the rule for i>rcviouB<iyestion, which Wus brought Injfore tho llouso, by a motion of Mr. Stanford to strike it out, or ho to vary it as to deprive it wholly of its present character. This motion Mr. Stanford supported by a number of remarks and a fall expression of his aversion to the rule. He wan followed by Mr. Randolph at some length on the same side of the question. To both these gentlemen Mr. Clay (die speaker} replied in favor of the rule, as to the right ami expediency of it. Mr. Oaston followed in a specch of great length against the rule. On this subject there was as much eloquence displayed as any <iues tiun calls forth. The committee roso without any devinion on the question. A message received yesterday from the Pre sident, wan opened and read. It transmit* a statement of occurrences at KortJacksou in I8M, during the negotiation of a treaty with the Indian**, and recommends a compliance with the wishes of the friendly Indians, in grant ing certain lands to (ieneral Jackson nud others. The moMHgo and papers arc interesting, and Khali be published at large in our next. The message was referred to tlic committee on Pub lic Lands. The house resumed the consideration of the hill from tlio fionate resecting (he convention ti? regulate commerce lietween the territories of the iT. States and <?. lii'itain j which hill it will he remembered, Mr. Foray tli had inoved to re ject, Mr. Hanson had moved to postpone inde finitely ; mid which was finally ordered to lie on the tahlc. The <{uestimi on Mr. Hanson's motion wan decided in the negative \ Mr. For syth withdrew his. motion f tlie bill was twice rend nnd referred to a committee of the whole. Matunhiy, January 20. The house, on motion of Mr. Lowndes, again resolved itself into a committee of the whole, on the rc|>ort of the committee of ways and means. The resolve first in order being read, as follows. " 0. Hettolvedy That it is expedient ho to amepu the act entitled " an act to provide additional revenues Tor defrny i ng the expenses of govern* mcht and maintaining the public credit, li ing n direct tax upon the United .States, provide for assenting and collecting the ? paused on the 9th of January, 1810, as to rcduce the direct tax to be levied tor the year 1810, and] succeeding yearai to three million* | to amend the act entitled " an Act to ditional revenues for defraying the expense* of government and maintaining the public Credit, by laying a direct tax upon the District of Co* lumbia, pussed on the 27th of February* 18 as to reduce the direct tax to be levied tli annually, to 89999, 80*100, "?Mr*. Ijo made a speech as long as Ida delicate i would permit, in defence of thegep Slcs of tlie report and irt rcplv to cet ions cast upon it a few dayn before b. ?., dolpli i to which Mr. H. rejoined in a aj>cccli of a1>ou thai fan hour's length. When the (|uestion was about to be put. Mr, Ulay made a lew remark* in favor of (he aeneral System contained in tlic report j but thought tne amount of the land tnx too high loir the ordinary season of peace. It was not ne cessary* he said to go Into an enquiry ut this moment* whether the land does nut eventually pay nil taxfi* lit Whatever shape levied or cofc leered | hut lie laid down the general principle that in time of peace we should look to foreign importations as the chief Hourco of revenue* and in war, when they are cut off, that it was time enough todraw deeply on our internal resources. Mr. C*a plan won to moke up for hit* proponed decrease of the direct tax, by an increaKO of the duties on imports, lie wished to reduce the direct tax to two millions, or to a million nnd a half ) and when that proposition was decided on, he was desirous of proponing another, (hut the tax should ho limited to one year, tfo as to moke it i| tax from year to year, ituteud of a tax with out limitation. Mr. Hardin (Wired to utiiko out the whole Amount proponed, so as to leuvn (lio sum blank ? Which blank ho should Jhj opposed to tilling at all. Mr. day ho varied hi* motion, to accoinino (late his colleague; a* to move to gtrike out the sum entirely, and leave In the resolution a blank, to bo filled a* tho house should think proper. Mr. Randolph opposed the motion to reduce the direct tax* Ho said he was in favor of ma king the dircct tat an annual bill, as had been proposed by Mr. C. but expressed surprize at tho speaker** opinion, that in peace wo should rely on the imposts, and for war internal taxes. Mr. Clay, made a few remarks in reply to Mr. Randolph, and Mr. Hardin, and went on to re* murk ? It Had been said, that it was a time of profound ponco. It was true wo were happily at peace with all the world s but who knew now Ions it w:ou!d t>o our gotol forluue to remain so ? What V?as the present state of our relations to OM Spain ? "Wo have recently heard, said he, and I believe the information came from the minister himself, that a deiimml has been made by tho minister of the Hpaiiifth government of tne surrender of a partoi the soil of (he coun* try ) he meant that part of the country formerly known by the name of West?Klorida.* which lies west of the Perdido, and part of .which Is now incorporated in the state oi I<ouixiaua. Mr. <*. said lie would hot speak, in the terms in which he Might be authored to apeak, of the impu< deuce of ?dc1> a demand t but he considered It indicative of the jttneral disposition of tho go* vcrnmcnt which tllat minister rej?i**ent?d.? - Deride*. lie aftked, w?? the state of Kuropeset tied ? Kvery one hid heard of tl>e proceedings of the Cohere** of European potcntntcs at VI eunai wo have heard too that tlieir idea* of le* ultimate government were carried to an extcpt destructive of every principle of liberty j wc have seen these doctrine.1* applied to creato and overthrow dynasties at will. l)o we know* said lie, whether we shall escape their iu'iucnce f l)o we not know, though no surli intention may exist at present, we shall, by adopting that po licy which recommend)* a reduction of the army anil navy, invite their attention to our weak* lies:* ? Sir. (!. Mid ho waa for preserving the system of internal revenue, on a reduced Hcale. lie wante<l to hoc Kurope settled ) to hco the relations between this country and Npain nlavcd on a footing, which would ensure tranquility on .our border*. Until ho saw the<e things, he* was not for exhausting tho purse of the country of the fund* neces*ary to cuablo it to vindicate it* right* at home, or*, if necessary, to aid in the cause of liberty in Houth-Amcrica. [After some remarks front 'Mr. M'Koe,*] Mr. Randolph moved (lint the committed should rise) because, ho eni?J9 a fnct liail fallen from iho speaker (Mr. Clay,) which would have much weight on (ho nroceo'dings of (liu houses when it came properly before them. According (o (lie genius of this government, none of itn ministers hnd seats on the lloor of this house, and consequently tho*e members Ik> com o the medium ol communicating it* sentiments who stand high in (ho confidence of the executive? Who should stand high in its confidence if the ?)>eakcr of this houso did not ?? and hr had made a declaration with a view (o fnfluenco tho vote of the house on a money hill too, involving matter of deep and high import. Mr. R. said he did not wish that the opinion nnd influence of the speaker should have had effect on tho delib orations of this house which it ought not to have in caso (he negotiation, if there were one pend ing between us and Spain, should be ill a better state (linn (lint of which tho gentleman had spo ken. If such were the relations between us and ?Spain, as he had represented) Mr. II. said it might have, nnd perhaps he might say, ought to have considerable M-eight on the great questions now pending. For his part, however, Mr. R. said, he, like the gentleman from Kentucky, (Mr M'Kee) could not be frightened with the raw head nnd bloody bones of old Spain. ITo believ ed (hat General Andrew Jackson and the Ten nessee militia would give a good account of all the .Spaniards who will ever shew tliemselves west of the l'erdido, and their red brethren the the ('reeks, the Choctawa and Seminole*, to boot ? Ilo? I Here Mr. Clay rose to explain, and Mr Randolph gave way for the purpose.] $r\ P!V op before, he had , not said nor intimated* nor did he intend to be uulerstood as communicating any fact '"lion with uny member of tl._ Ml the subject. He alluded to ?i ly he presumed in the poHsespiMjlitfci mmn from Virginia as uf it as coming from the Minister hinise\l*t a pub lie entertainment. He denied kaving any rc? lation with the Kxecutive, other than any other! ^ " ' cr had ot might have. w wanu and in some^ respects, acrimonious ersation thert took ptace between Mr.Clav Mr? Randolph, in which (lie latter ad verte'd with severity to the ftpeakerV observation in re gard to the assistance It might be necessary to afford to the cause of liberty in SoUth-Ame rica."] Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Lowndes, spoke in fa vor of the committee rising; in which they were ! opposed by Mr. Johnson of Kentucky, aud Mr. Hardin | and the committee rose. ? ? * Jfomfaut Jununftf'Z). ? - !rv rhe following letter, received on Saturday by the speaker, was now laid by him before the house i . General J**H'Qfter. January 80M. ? Sir? Having this morning heard, that re ports were in circulation, unfavorable to the character of tlds Department, in relation to its fiscal concerns. I respectfully request that a committed of the honorable house may be np pointed to investigate these concerns. JUr. pert fully, I am your obt. servt. . ' ' It. j. MKIdS, JK M. 6." /V it* fhn. Speakfr, Ut. The letter was referred to the committee on thePost CMIlce and Post Roads, v , Tho remainder of the day was spent in com mittee of the whole on the bill to continue tho double duties till 30th June next, and the bill tor continuing the ts.lt tax. TJ?? result was, that tho bill for continuing the double duties to Juno was amended so as after that day to add to tho duties then existing, that is, tho old duties, 43 per coiit. on their amount uutil a new tariff be enacted. The two bills were reported to (he house, at a late hour, when tho house adjourned. ; ? TWiAty, January 2.1. P,c ['ou*? proceeded to the order of the day, being the report of the committee of tho whole on the bill for continuing the double duties, &ou that for continuing the salt tax. The report was agreed to, and the bills ordered to bo envrosged for f.tMjWreadiug. The house then resolved Itself into n commit tee of the whole, on the revenue subject. The bill to continuo the duty on sugar refined within the I J. States, and the bill lor repealing the du ties on postage was taken upand agreed to. Tho committee then rose and reported the bills to the house. Tho engrossed oil| to continuo the double duties oh imposts, fcc. was than read a third time, passed, and sent to the senate for concurrence, 'ilie bill for continuing the act laying a duty on imported salt, was read * third tune, aud after considerable debate, was passed. ? ? WVrf/xvJrtjr, Jiimaty 24. Mr. Robertson offered for consideration a r*? solution to this offect i ? JWtyrf, That (he pie Hideiit of the United States be ^etpteskd to lay before this hoa?e, snch information a* possess, which lie may not think impr communicate, relative, to the dcmanifs haVo bee u made by tlie government ol for the ccssion of Iiouisiana." This mot agreed to. and Mrnsri. Kobei tson olid ? unpointed a committee to lay the same tne president. .-JL v. The engrossed hill to continuo in fu act laying a duty on bank note* and not count$l i the trill, luyitig a duty on sui fined within the V. 8. and the bill to ictl duties on pontage to their old rates, wer? third time and passed* The house went into committee of th on the remainder of the report of the coi of Ways anil Moans* The question be house was ia motion of Mr. Clay, to ret1 direct tax, which motion be withdrew, moved to limit the direct tax to one yeai war agreed to; Mr. Hardin moved U the direct tax laws altogether^ which wn4 od bv Mr. Conner. The committee ro out taking the question. On motion of Mr. 'Moore, ^of 8. Cr 44 It That the committee on tlie post office a roads ho iiiNtructed to inquire into the e; cy of establishing a post road from < J*. C. by the way of Ifarrisbuittt fihelii adder's, fund's Ford and LewUvllle,to C. II. 8. C.f* \ On motion of Mr. *ftyl<jr, (8. C.)44 1 That the committee oh tlie post oflice n roads b<> instructed to inquire into th diency of establishing a post rout from villo C. H.8.C. to Snartanbui#, in sail The house resolved itself jnto a conn whole on tlie revenuo subject. Then ing undor consideration* Xtandol j about four hours against til* direct tat a nernal taxation generally. Jlefore he cd the committee rose. FOREIGN NKWft. PKOM fham;k. The brig Corn, captain Joseph' Kitcl rived at Navannnh, Jan. 27th, ill .15 da Liverpool? bringing London paper* to of December. 'Fliese paper* contain Pa <o the 12th of December ? thev are fill the treaty and convention# relative to 1 concluded between Franco anil the All the proceeding* on the trial of Marx!) and M. Lavalotte. Hentence wan pro agaiu*t the former on the 6th nit. and into execution on the next day. On th Noy'ti execution, the duke of "llichclien king'* name proposed n law of amnio this law, the kind's ordinance of the i is to be executed relative to all iudividn prised in the first article of It. ? Those ed it) the second article are to quit Fi tiro month* after the law. j "A terrible commotion took place at Ni the fouth. of France) in which the com of ?h|i city* general Legarde was kille doorppf (ho churches were forced o lie functionaries grossly inau Parh, the object of whfth i* to rccKflim election of the preseut king and erown Sweden and the restoration Gu*tavus 4 The MornlfigChranlck states, on the ty of what is called " a source of high i bility," that the congress of Vienna had the restoration of the deposed Jtlng, and decision has been subsequently conllrni assembly of the great powers at Pari*. TWAL OF MAIHHAI. NKY, Court of Peer*, l)sc. 5. ? Several de were heard in favor of the accusal. D^vbuWt W as called in and requested 1 coUfifceV to state what was, the ^nxc lio prOvfrio;tnl government attached to the tide of the convention of July .1 1 but ti t ion was objected to by tbe Kihg'iatto nerat. . Marshal Key Immediately sa declaration was so protecting that 'it .? that I relied. Without it. Is it to be I that I would not have preferred dying r hand P It in in contraolction to this caf that 1 was arrested, and it was on the that 1 remained in France." Two or th?r witnesses having been heard on tit of the convention, the court adjourned Hilling of lite* 6v? M. Berryer ente the defence of Marshal Key, and liavi. e<l to the convention of the 3d July, In terrUnted by the attornay-gencral, on that the military convention was the foreigners. On these grounds, he said, t. commiiiioncrs required, 1st. for the dignify, which would be wounded by gi comditcncy to a treaty concluded by tli of a pitrty of rebels f 3d. from respet rule* of a criminal proce**, which do in objections to be brought forward after t) t Ration and pleadings are terminated t because there exist* on thi* Hiibject a < the court-?' 14 that the defenders of the lie formally interdicted front availing flu of the convention of tfie fld of Jftily, a reading it in the defence of tho accused president acceded to those ideas of th ney.gencrul, and stated, that he him*el J in virtue of Id* discretionary power, It posed the introduction of {his objects now interdicted the defender* of the! from making any me in their pleading pretended convention of the .Id July, 1 M. Duiriu (advoi ate for the accu*e'd) j to state tlmt the tnar*htd wan not on' the protection of the Vrenuh law*, If that of the law of nation*. The t real &4)th of November, hat Heparatcd H the country of trie marphid froyt Frenchman, therefore, is thu marslia heart, ho is no longer a Frenchman treaty. Machal Noy, much afluita I vehemence, exclaimed, ^yen, I atn man, and will tlio a Frenchman ! t rellciicy to hear what I have to My. I the rest fmm a pa per. ) * Hitherto I |h*?hc?n Ate \ I perceive il ls t-\M