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nilUMH WBEKtt BY J1I0MAS W. IXMRAiN, IV the ?KooKoirroHr optnr motor otcirmti ?r datu a nu vruon waiid, ox ?icNtM?ON at. '/VriM v A'i/WW/Mn.? Three Dollar* per annum, pay able in Mlvancc....No paper toJ>c discontinued. but tlie option ol tlie Editor, until ?U urmnirw arc paid. J * exceeding fourteen lineeTtiScrled SSSBB^tas - ? .1 I || II I I r I . It-' mi < TOMK J, Between France find Me Mitd'Poweru cottcluft tdat Purl*, JVc/tJ.80|ji81fl(.; > A . In the name of (h^Hoty and imlW$?lblc TYi nity ? The ,V? Voweri havlnjr.br Un united ef forts, and by the succeM ^ihtirajrmi, preserv ed France and , which (hey ,M, ?> UIV > IHt ?HCIUplU of Napoleon BdnaMrte. hy the revolution Christian Majesty in a wish to consolidate, by tho inviolable preservation of tho royal author ity, the constitutional innrter to its full vigdr; tho order of things hap plly re-established In Frabce, as well aa to re Ktoro the relation* of confidence and reciprocal pood will between France and the surrounding nations, which tho unhappy effect* of tho revo lution and the spirit of conquest have so long interrupted j persuaded that thin lost object can only be accomplished by an arrangement ade quate to insure just indemnity for the past, and a solid guaranty for the futtiro ; have taken into consideration, in concert with his majesty the king of France, the mean* of realizing tliin ar rangement ? and having acknowledged that the indemnity due to the powers can neither be wholly territorial or pecuniary, without inter fering in some degree with the essential interests of France, and that it would be most expedient to combine the objects proposed, in order to a void those two inconveniences j their imperial and royal majesties have adopted this basis for tiieir actual negotiations \ and being mutually convinced of the necesHity of preserving* for a do terminate period, in the frontier provinces of Fiance, a certain number of allied troops, they have agreed to combiue the different dispositions founded upon this basis, in a definitive treaty. To this end, and for this purpose, his majesty the king of Franco aud Navarre, of the one iiar(, and his majesty tho emperor of Austria, king of Hungary ana Bohemia, for himaelf ana his allies, of the other part* have named their plenipotentiaries, to discuss, conclude, and sigii the said definitive treaty, to-wit ? [Here follows the names and qualitle*of'tfic plenipotentiaries.] , " . -v- 11 of the ,T. l. The frontiers of ?alhe?w?r?)n;i GT the modification of bCh parties which are in* dicated in the present nrticlc. 1. On the fron tiers ?f tho north) the line of demarcation shall remain such as tlie treaty of Parte hid Axed it until it reochea opposite to Quievrain ; from thence it tiball follow the ancient limite of the llelgic province?? of the former Bishpprlck of iLicae, and the Duchy of Rouillon, suclr as it ex isted in 1700 ; leaving the enclosed territoric? of I'hillipaville and Marienburg, together with the places by that name, and the whole Duchy |f llnullon, without the frontiers of France *?* fron Villas Hear Orval, on tho confinM'^ibV k )>< partment of Ardennus and tho Gr&n'd Uu$Hjrv ? - Ltixembergt as far an talc* upon tho cause tvay which leads from Thionville to Nerve*, the line shall rcmidfl such as it was i designated by the treaty of Paris. Prom Palo it will pasa by Launsriorf* Wallerich. Bhordorf, Niedaveiling, Pellweila, all which places, with their liberties (franchises) shall remain in Fr*nce> aa far aa llouve, and from thence shall follow the ancient boundaries of the country of Sancbruck, leav ing Bane* Louis and the course of the Bana, witH the places situated on the right of the line above ^designed, and their liberties without t{ie limits ? of France. Prom the boundaries of Bancbruck ?the line of demarcation shall be the samo which now separates from Germany the Departments /of the Moselle and the Lower Rhine, as far as $ Lauta, which hliall hereafter be the frontiers un til where it empties into the Rhine. The whole of the territory on .the left bank of the I?auta, including Laudato, shall compose part of tier many, nevertheless the town of Weisscmbourg, through which that river flows, shall remain en tire to France, with a small portion of territory on the left bank, and to cxcecd one thousand toises, and which wil) be more particularly de termined by the commissioners who are to mil the boundary line. 2. From the mouth of the Lauta, along the department* of the Lower aad Upper Rhine, Doub* and Jura as far as the Can ton du Vnud, the frontiers shall remain as they were fiv.ed by the treaty of Paris. The bed or course of the Rhine shall form the. demarcation between Franco and tlie States of Germany) hut the rifljht to the islands therein, such as tlie same filial' ho hereafter decided upon, or anew survey of ^lie course of the said river, shall re main immutable, whatever changes the course of Said rivers may undergo in the lajwe of time, commissioners shnlfbe appointed on both sides by the high contracting parties within the term <>'f three mouths, for the purpose of |nrncecding to the said survey. Tlie. one half of the bridge between Strasbourg and Kelil shall belong to France, and the other half to thn tiratul Duchv of lladen. .1. To establish a direct communi cation between the Canton of Geneva & Swit zerland, the part of the country of Gex, bound ed to the eiist by the lake Leinan, to tho south by the territory of the 'Canton of Geneva, to tlie north by the Canton of Vaux, and to the *e?t by tlie'jcourw of the Vcrfoix. and by n line which includes the districts of Collex-Bo Uy, and Mcyrin i leaving the district of Ferttey to France, shlrii bo ceded to the Helvetic Confe deracy, In order to be tymnited to the Canton of Geneva. The line of French Custom Hots ei shall be placed to the west of Jurat so as to exclude this whole country of Oni^ uritho<4 the line, 4. From the frontiers of 4po % canton of Geneva as fsr as the Mediterranean, the line of demarcation shall lie that which' in lTOO separ ated France from ftavoy and the county of Nice. The relations which the treaty of Paris of 1814, had established between France and the princi pality of Mynuoo shall cease forever | and the same relations ehai I continue between that prhi* cipfclity and hla tuafesty the king of Sardinia*? 9* All the 4eiritories and districts Included within th$ limits of the French territory, such aa they have tota determined by the present arJ tide, ?J^all rcinain united to France. 6. lite hljrh contracting parties, within three months after the signing of tho present treaty, shall ap point commissioners for the purpose of regulat ing whatever may have hslation to tho bounda ries of countrleH on either side $ and on the com-l Cletion of their labors, maps sliall be drawn, and oundary marks placed to shew the respective Art. 2. The places and district* which ac cording to the preceding article, ulmVl no longer compose a part of the Frcnch territory, shall re main at the deposition of the allied *|>owcre, in the terms fixed liy the Oth article of the military convention annexed to the present treaty | and his majesty the king of France, for himself, his heira and successors, perpetually renounces the right* of sovereignty and property which he hath hitherto exercised over the aforesaid places and districts. Art. 3. 'Die fortification of ltuninguen hav ing been constantly an object of uneasiness to the town of Haste, the hiuli contracting parties, in order to give to the llelvetic Confederation a new proof of their good will and solicitude, have agreed between each other to demolish the fortifications of llunlngueii j and the French government, from the tame motives, stipulates, inatthey shall never be rebuilt* and not r?-plac ed by other fortifications at a distance less than 3 leagues from tho town of Basle. Thu neu trality of Switzerland shall be extended to the territory which U' to the north of a line to lie drawn from Uginepfacluding that city, to tlie south of the lake of Annecy by Kavoragc, aa far as Locheralne. and ftow thence to the lako of Ikoujrct and the llhoiiu in the same manner that It was extended 'to ift&iprovlnce? of CI blala and Faucigny,by the Md article of the nal act of the Congress of/??fcuu , )* *1 power* millions o! nd guarantee of the payment be regulated by a particular convention,' which shall linvc the same force and validity as if it were formally inserted in the nroBpnf Aiit. 5. The state of disquiet and fori tation to which Franco, after 90 many vie shucks, and more especially Mince the lascqi tastrophe, notwithstanding tno paternal intend tions of the, king, and tlie advantages assured by the constitutional charter to all classes of her subjects, must necessarily be subjected, requir ing for the security of the neighboring states, measures of, precaution and temporary guaran ties, the occupation, for a certain time ,of the mi litary positions along the frontiers of Prance, by a corps of the allied troops, lias been Judged in dispensable | under the express reservation that suehoccupetioy shall In no wise tend to preju dice the sovereignty of Ids most christian ma jesty, nor the stale of possession, such as U is recognized and confirmed by the present treaty, lite number of those troops shall not exceed 110,000 men. The commander in chief of this army to be appoi uteri by the allied powers. '11 10 corps of the army shall occupy the places of C'omle, Valenciennes, llouchain, Chanibray, Lc Qucsnoy, Maubeugc, Landrecy, Avrones, Ho croy, Givet and Charlemont, Me/iercs, Hedan, Monfmedi,Thlonville, Longwy, Bitche and the tete tin pout of Fort Louis, France having to furnish subsistence for the army destined to this service, every thing that has relation thereto will be regulated by a particular convention^? This convention, which shall be of the same force and validity as if it were verbally inserted in the present Treaty) will, in like planner, iccul " the relations of the army of occupation with 1 civil and military authorities of the country. Tho virt.i'itHum of tho duration of such military occupancy, is Axed at live years. It may ter< minate before thst time, if at the expiration of three years, tho allied sovereigns, in conrort with Ins majesty the king of France, after having mutually examined the situation, tne reciprocal interests and the progress which the re-estab I i aliment of civil oruer shall have made in France, shall unite in acknowledging that the motives which led them to the adoption of these mtasuros have ceased to exist. Hut whatever may bo the result of their deliberations all the places and positions occupied by the allied troops, shall, at the expiration of tlie term of five years, be evacuated without any further delay, and re stored to his moat christian majesty, his heirs and successors. An r. 0. The foreign troop, exclusive of those which shall compose a part of the army of occu pation, shall evacuate tlie French territory with in tho period Axed by the flth article of the mili tary convention annexed to the present treaty. Anr. 7. In all countries where the sovereign ty is transferred, either by virtue of the present treaty, or of arrangements that are to be made in consequence thereof, the inhabitant*, natives as well a s strangers, of what condition and na tion soever they may be, shall be allowed the spnCT? of six years, to be computed from the aht. u. Tho high contracting parties having taken into consideration the different claims arising from the non-execution of the 10th ir ticlo of the treaty of May &0th. 1814, as well aa the additional articles to aaiu tfeaty, signed between tireat-Dritain and Franca t desiring to render more efflacioua the disposition* contained in the said articlca, ifcnd having for tlmt purpose determined by two aeparate conventions the measures to be executed by both powers for the complete execution of tho aforementioned arti cles, the two above mentioned conventions suoii as annexed to the present treaty, shall Imve the same force and validity as if the same herein in* sorted verbatim. Am . 10. All prisoners mado during hostili ties, oh well o? all hostages that have ocen ci vci? or detained, shall t>e restored with trie shortest possible delay, together with all prison ers made anterior to the treaty of the .10th of May, 1814, and which have not yet been re* stored. Anr. 1 1. The treaty of Pari* of the 30th of May, 1814, and the Inst act of the Congress of Vienna of the 9th of June, 1815, are confirmed, and Hhall be maintained in all their parts, which have not been modified by the present treaty. Anr. 12. The present treaty, with the con ventions he-eunto annexed, shall be ratified in a single act, and the ratifications thereof ex changed within two months, or sooner if possi ^ In fuitli whereof, the respective plenipoten tiaries have signed the same, and hereunto af fixed the seal of their arms. Done at Puris the 20th of November, 181 J. HICIIKUKIJ, (Hicntc<l) MKTTKItNICIf, WKBHKNDKIU). f Ily an additional article, the parties agree to Join their efforts to efiVct a complete and uni versal abolition of the slave trade ? and for that purpose, by their ministers at the courts of Lon don and Paris, to concert the most effectual measure* for obtaining the object.] [On the same day, In the same place, ami at the same mement, the same Treaty, together with the conventions and articles thereunto an nexed. was signed between France and Great ItriUihu France and Prussia, France and gwtecw lOH tti* bill i or carrying into effect the convention I with G. Britain. ? Mh. Pihkwrv after laying Home handsome compliments to the ability of (no gentlemen who Had spoken in the preceifingnarU of lite debate, and to the genius they had (linplaycd in it, said ; the observation* he had to make were few, extremely simple, recommended by no iio* veity, and familiar to lux thought* for years. ? In discusiifig the question whether the bill ought to nasi, it would bo necessary to consider not only what that bill was, but what it was not. ? It waft not a bill containing particular provisions for giving effect to theatres ty ? it dealt not in details, it had no provisional enactments, and did neither more nor less than echo the treaty, Of which it might be considered the union bro ther. It followed, h e Aid, as. a necessary con sequence, that if the bill ftftould pass into a taw, its effects would be barely to confirm and jrlyr a sanction to that treaty. The tyg^tlon ttyei wss, was that sanction ? was that new conflrina tion necessary P Without the least doubt or fcs sitation, lie then would say it was not He ad mitted that when a treaty dealt in general pro visions, and produced no definite results, legis lative co-operation miulit Ik? necessary, and in tluit case it would be the duty of Congress to coma In aid wherever aid wss wanting. Trea ties he observed might be different in aspects general or special? capable of executing them selves, or requiring the assistance of (lie law for their execution? but when, like this, they carried within them the mesns of effecting the purposes for which they wero formed, the inter ference of the legislature was gratuitous and un necessary. 4 The question was? then, had the president the power to make this treaty ? With what preten sions did the treaty come ? Why with all the force of a contract? not with promises to re commend to Congress, the adoption of its pro visions, but in the perfect shape of a consum mate contract binding upon the national honor of America? a contract ratified by the president, and according to the term* prescribed by the constitution, confirmed by three fourths of the senate? not only that, but by our executive: in terchanged with tho other contracting party and sent to tlio British government, not as a cove nant that was imperfect and wanted more to be done to it, but as a treaty, valid, binding and complete. And what was the import of this bill, hut to shake and to belie all that had hither to been done .for it nssumcd as an hypothesis that there was no treaty at all, that tho 'exchange of ratifications was nremature, and that the in tttrmnelit was promulgated as a treaty, before it had obtained tho qualitiea of one? in a wOtyl. that it was not in essential fact a treaty. On what other hypothesis could the measure be grounded ? If it was a treaty made according to the proscribed form of .the constitution, it must lie binding, and if binding ? and being so what more tould it bo made, or why uttenipt it) ami as it contained no details, the bill could on ly ojH?rate as a sanction to tho treat) . Mr. P. art*), if thU instrument' treaty, toy what name would they Umi If they held Uiiot to.be a treaty, d grounds that those who formed itwetal cd with ptiwer for tlio purivoue. then was tempt t<rmak? it a most alarming encroaci on the constitution, and those who took ui them to make it, wcra usurper#. Hut, agnm* tills, he would stand up on the broad > groUnd? (?of the constitution, and firmly maintain, .that J any treaty whatever Which was fit to be made,1 might, constitutionally, bo made by the preai* ' dent, and that when made by him, and ratified, with the consent of tao-thirds of the senate, nothing inorc was nccesSary to giro it perfect validity and force, in the words of tho constitu tion, it was the law of the land. llut, gentlemen had said, that this was a com mercinl treaty, and as such, they had called iu question whether the* president possessed tho power to make it To this, he would answer, that the constitution imparted to the president |Mi\ver to moke all treaties ? in the context of tho ' constitution, then; wo* no limitation to his pow er in that respect, to bo found. He had thfl power to make all that were At to be made, or to make none. The power was universal and un limited. From what provision uf the constitu tion was the power of making a treaty ofpeuco derived ? for then; wus no particular specifica tion in it to that effect. Why, from the fune ral power of making treaties i It must, there fore, be taken for granted, that in the generul power, the specific one for making peace was in volved? ?n<1 if the general power involved that j for making peace, why might it not involve that ! also for reiculatiner common P Mr. P. tlien wfvortcil to, anil reasoned upon (lie intentions of iho convention of great au?l wise men who formed the constitution, and en deavored to shew, tlir.t it must have been in their view to include in the general power of treaty - making a power to mnke a commercial treat v* oh well an a treaty of peace. At the time t(ie constitution wan framed, commercial conside rations must from the circumstance of the coun try, have been more likely to occur to them, ax ?necessury to be provided for with regard to the future, than any thing connected with war ? a plan for forming commercial treaties, therefore would no doubt liave been suggested as soon, and as necessarily, as ono for making trentic* of pcuce. Commercial treaties too had bcon for time immemorial, the usage of ovcry civjl i/.ed nation. 'Hie convention could not liavo neglected it* and where it was to be found In Die constitution unless, like that for making peace, involved in the general treaty -making power. On the other hand if titer , did not in tend that it ahoulil i? ? .. , K?i>u(?wn mignt point it'out ; or at least tliey might assign a reason why that exception was not made. If the President and Hen ate had not, under the treaty-making powpr, authority to treat with foreign nations about commercial afllirs, he desired to be informed who had) in what branch was it deposited ? ? there was but one part of the government ap pointed to treat, and if not there where was the power to be found? ? had the convention de volved it upon Congress ? No ! but upon a branch peculiarly appointed for making treaties. If this were not the case, and the convention had not placed the power in the president* it had reduced the government to this singular dilemma* that they never could make peace but by usurpation ? .they might negotiate* it waa.true, but if they did more* it would be by encroachment and usurpation. In effect tho construction of the honorablo gentleman, would produce the movt. extravagant anomaly imaginable in the consti parti.tg to wi president the treaty - wer, hut excepting from it the most, of all treaties, commercial ones. ? Commerce -according to tn'at- construction must get on t>ir itself. In short, this would be tho inevitable mult, tt^t though tho constitution pointed out where tho treaty-making power shoutd reside* it pointed out no power to treat about commerce. Mr. P. Mid that tho construction of (he con stitution given yesterday by Mr. Calhoun was iu substance correct, though lie (littered from liitn in some of his opinions. Tho power to regulato commerce, upon which gentlemen had laid audi stress, as a prerogative belonging exclusively to Congress $ had for its object a different depart ment of regulations from those made by treaty : the former was tho powor to legislate for tin! ordinary domestic regulations of our trade? tho other to negotiato with foreign powers with a view to reciprocal benefits, and for tho extension and melioration of tho commercial interests of the country. What was the result ?? Congress passed laws to regulate onr own exclusive com merce, in tile exercise of its ordinary legislation. The president and senate, under the treaty making power, legislate by contract, with (? reign nations; and lamentable, indeed would be tho situation of the country if that power to meliorates our intercottrfo with the commciciii) nations of tho wprld mite wanting, tor in t o other wav could it negotiate with them so eftVr tually aslby this expedient of legislating in shape of a compact. Tnftt the two powers were in different hands, wn* no inconsistency, hut o? the contrary a proof that tho convention hit i taken a 1 1117c nnu liberal view of the situation and tritere*u t)f the country when they nudti the constitution. Mr. I1. having endeavored to demonstrate that in creating tho treatv-mnking power, no excep tiou had been made to evcluuo from it commci ciak treatiqn, took it iu tho other way and ctiden vorod to shew that if such an exception had been mad*1, It would have led to innumerable ovil* nnddifficuliii'.ii, fqy it would hnvodemoiHtiVy-J that iui aUfh ji'jw v existed any M,."r?*