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- *I -- ---- :: DEVOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY, NEWS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, SCIENCE AND THE ARTS JOHN S. RICHARDSON, Jn .M P R O P R IETOR_ _-__taE M - - 2 A D V A N C E VLe lX- SUMTERVILLE, S. C., FEBRUARY 7, 185. THE SUMITER BANNER IS PtJBLISHED Every WediEancday MIornaang BY John 3. Richardson, Jr, i'WO t)OLt.A iS in adtvance, Two Dollars au[i Fifty Cents at tle ex pirit ion of aix moniths or Three Doltars at the end of the %ear. No paper diseottitued until all arrearages hre r A a , tness a t Ie opt ion oftIte troprieaors. B'V"AiIvertisempeits inxeriect at SEV .NI' FIVKl Cents per sqniare, (1:. lines or less,) for the first, anti hallf ilmti snmt foreach subseemnen I iertioit, (Otlicial advertisetiests the vuite each time). t-.-}" The nituber of insertions to lie marked on atl A-t ertisenets or tley will bie puiblisiel until ordheret to be liseuntitited, and charged b ccordingly. g" ON E DOLLA It per sltatir for a sinm gle insertion. Quarterly and 31mthly Adver tiseinents will lie e barge I the same as a siigle insertion, and semi-nithly the same its new ones. 2:" Obituarys mnd Triites of Itiect, over twelve lines, charged u advertisenents Poetry [Original.j The iM ensories of thae PvusL nR y 0 It I E N. 'Tis Night ! and day's fierce eye hath set, And lonely frotm yot tree, The Whippowill, in sadness yet, Sings her harsh litllaby. 'Tis Night ! anmi muaeu'ry onl the wing Leads forth ier misty tiironr, And back recalls each valtied thing My heart hits cherished long. Thou, on whose arm my head reposed Ito lite's uncionscious hours. 'Ere yet my sickly fra ne disclosed Its future healthy powers. Thce, first ioesq faithful Mlem'rv brintr A more Ih-in .Mother thou, Who nursed tile in hile's enrly sprig Can I forget thee tow Whocan forget the eve whose light First sparkled int his roul, And cheered him on, when shade and blight [Hung o'er his path abroad ? IVile Mim'ry wits her ma:tgic powers, Forget it, lie who can, The love that nursed Iis infant hours, And reared hia up to man. And, sisters-brot hers ! ye :re, ton, Here with tmle at tier call ; A heiart.that once rejoiced wit you, Still ftodly loves you all. What, though ye are estrniged by years From the fur distamt one, What thou2hi your hearts have lost their care For otte who stands alone Yet once agaii around the hearth Of chiddhtood's home we stand, Anl Mem'ry paint tie scene of mirth 'Mid our uibroken ban. Alas ! our fonmdest hours are gone, And I, forgoieni, tread My pathway in the world alone, A4 tmther--d witlh lthe dad. G, re. siding tnear Germantown, Obio, ila exhinig the bodies of his wi(.* hi8 grinachild, and (t hr dvee isel miteI. bers (If his fiamily, fromt a burtial gNatitnd on his farm, ina order to iitca titm ith tihe Ge mantowit Lemeteriv, ihtandi tht thes bo(dies( were aill mt ote ~or less pet. iied. The wi fe hl beeni bi ed twventy lryes, b-a thi bdy wa in an excel let state of pireservattio n. Uptn at cltose eixainattiont, it wats fouid itat the rinhs wvotuld ntgivye way under' thle pressure oi (f a p iece of bot~tard whfich otte of thle getl emtent placed uponli thea cor~p-c; antd t his Niranlge etntstatice hedi ta still futheri it. vestigatiotn. TIhie shrotid, tand inideed althe coveinag w hich was tupotn lie body at thi- timie of Itintetet, twentty funri years*. ago, htad disaplpeatred not ia vestige (If thtemi reminted. Tliohuibdy was perfect, exept thle rigrht le, fromt the knee to the aink lejatimi, whlere the flesh seetmed to have waste~d awa y. and lay at the bottomn of the coflint ini a sutbstance reseambtlit'g satd. W ith this exceptitta ofi decay, the boidy atid limtbs ex Iiitetd the same p-efetatess oIf exterior the~y (lid when hife anid an. imnatian were ini the bod ly. 'lThe bodlv, laudeed, liad beetn petrified ! It was by somae strantge qanalit~y of the earth, and othter causes of' wthich we can1 irm nlo conjectture, t'uned into stotte of a d rab, or tmorie ptaoperly speatk ing, flesh c' oo ; atnd the chisel oaf the artist ttight, itititate bit contld tnot make so (close ia resem1 bbmeetc to t he '- hnmaniti for dliv ine."'-.-Ch arleston Mlcery. A Ils~xariwo. Fr-~ow.:a.--'The Daih. lia is a tat ive of. the arshes aof Perti Mxwedish botaistt. It is mnore thua thairiytyuanrssinceu its itroduction ito Erope, and~ it is nt'iw thf., alniversal tv'it 0ate offriut s. 'lTe munbt ler ofi I"y thu Editor.] DeimI Ini g . I every ago, and among every peo. ple, men iflaned by anger, have lqtnld a congenial f'elinrg in assaults, imre or less ferocious, iceording to tihe circumristances, upon the persons and lives of those against whom their anger was directed. The tendency of humin natuire is, aid always has been, towards the gira tificationl of any passioll which Imnay be exeited. The i:flence which society, is it approaches nearer to enlighten ed refinlemient, exerts, is of restraint ui porn all tie passions. Every man who has at all observed his owin emo. tions and impuilses, should, in hi calm el lilieits fe gratel toProvidence for those varions restraints which have so frequently preveinted acts, either of 6-ally or imadies-, whose consequetences tmight have ieen, to ot ers, wretched ness, to himself reimrse. IHow marny a Imran, whose hand is n1ow unstrainned by bliod, can recall oceasions, whenr but for some apparently formiturns, really privideintial circuistanrce, ie might, now have 1 im iderer" burnt iii uponi his voiscieceIC. i'i uom the time when Ca-n was sent forth, a disgraced, wretched, panic striken waiderer, Inen have known that, the frown of Ileaven rested upon him who in : anger rai::ed his hand against the life of his fellow man11. The teachins of expeoience warn to the saine restraint swhtich the comm roand ol' God imposes, and sho w that not only holinress, buth appiesS, demands the practice of that di vine vir tire, FORIvENErs. "To err is human." It is mneh less diflicuilt to act or speak .o as to offend than as to please. \'hat. a sliaught er pen would this c-irt h beem iW tiue lri usl passion, er:hger, s9 friequently excited, perhaps a dliy oafeU ... - .', l *ife. were permitted to ladulgo it-.' .a atsi suited to its nature. Muide., reliated till the 'eart wmnid siuken, Woilid h. the re. rnlt. TIho G reat ILIarier oaver Ileaven :urn earth directed th:t "h-Jv man sui ''ild his bloiid be shed wI Iwds tihe bioo d .f mn:." and inexorabl Necessity has f. rCed mikind to sutbeniet the divine direction. Tihe frearid pen.tty or death hai been held rip bef'ore the angry pas sionr to fright it from tihe deed. An if the sword of Justice be eseiiedi,that flrilnmanlity which is withih tire man as well as inl tire rm illionirs of tile iiver 0al brortherhood, ha, its death perralty, rurore nnerring than tire other. Ii ma. rv, many, solitary, livii g deaths has the (oom111 of tine first mnanlslayer been terribly realized, since tile black day wher mrrrder first was done upon tire earthii. Murder has for its emipanion IHorror. All thi has marked the histoiry of man. IHow their can tire did, tiad its plaee inn iuimain history, its lmanidafion in Imnain natrr, be exuilainecd ? Carr buod, sied in a fair. equia emn.tLest, be garthered up argarin to rearnirmate imr fromr whose hneart it hra prouredi lfrthn ? s tire wife less a wid (3w, a re cil d rein less orphianis, is tire dea'hi giloomi to suirvivonrs less oppress. '.vm, because tire ihusbarnrd arid fhthrer has been struck fromrr life, not iiy a sava~Zge, uinsein, assarssinr, bunt by air adveisanry fill ini front, calmi, cor pocsedi, obrservalnt, to tire nricety otf a hair, of tire rirles ofC etiqurette Is tire fallenr oine less destroyed, less lost, to tire joys of tis life arnd tihe hopjes of the lifec to comre, breause tire eomrbat, was dendberate, plann1 red out, and ire thn slairn bieealse hre could rnot be thi slayer'? Is n le killing done with less determ.rratiojn, less mraliginanicy of' prpose, because tihe slayer harzarded his own lifer for tire opiportunrity to comniirit tire deed ; arid can that, which cumrprises both murder arnd suicide witin itself, lbe less in enormity of crrile than eithrer ? Alars fir poor hrumnarn hnt're when it is thle enl ighrt, ceied, the refinled of' miankcind who an swer " Yes " to all thiese questions. Originmated in an a-.e when suiperstitin assigned to tire Duelc, the pious ofle olf diecidinig tihe Righrt anid punishing tire WVirnng ; whe~n "~ God preser ve tire Rigiht " wras the cry as tire doer arnd tire redresser oif wrongs closed in up~on each othrer in deadly cormbat, and all belevel that by Jil decr-eo it was that defiat was visited upon the guilIt one-it has come down to us disrobed of its superstitions investiture severed from pious justice-a game of hazard, in which the injured one may have fearful odds against hi m, and the stake the li tof one or both. The men of the Dark ages, who believed that Heaven presided over it and awarded justice by its result, should not be condemned by those whose ignorance has beeni enlightened : hut how call we pirdon ourselves? Do we believe that by it wrong is punished and light re. dressed ? No such pious superstition somiubres the mind of this age. Thein it had its foundation in the confessed inability of human tribunals to read the secrets and detect the guilt of tht heart ; and the Great arbiter, to whomn all secret things were known, wa invoked to) make manifest the trtil by the issue of the comnat. Now that reason does not support it. The duelist, of this day knows, if ht thinks at all, that God, unenvoked, L there, but only to be insulted and an gered by the violation of'his own coin mandment. The duel now is, confess edly, no Court of Justice. The chance! are, perhaps most freIiently, in hi: favor who has spent a life in insultin; and iniuriing,-aid has skilled himnsel by practice in the art of destroving; those who resented the wrongs don them. But it is absurd to reason and des cant upon this subject. Common sens< revoits at it. One who reallyfeels - wrong or insult may be willing t hazard his lif'e for the chance of re venge. It is but a chance, he knows but life and its concerns the' seew a cm pared with the ,'ariicatio of' thu Ln I And th a rongdoie--C miay inieet him, e'ither frost a Wish to injure him more, or froi reeklessness-or frequently from feni of what the world would say were Ii to refuse satisfaction. And this ver, fear is the cause of iny duels. Me: fear to do right by making ackniowl C Igements and reparation when the, have done wrong ; the others fear to do what God himself does constantli towards man-show merev aiid Ar give--; iiiisuinde'rstandings and difliciI ties are complicated and ini'lamed unti they end in blood, because of fear tha the world wiil selier at their want. ol courage und spirit. A chivalrous inl stitution to be pro~pped up by fear! uliellinig is really the most ridicullo: absurdity of the age-ifithat could b called ridiculous which has destrovce so many thousands, not ('nly of repro bates. but of the really high souled ani noble minded. To treat a man liki a gentleman when you are about t kill him because you say he is not one to give a m1,ian means and opportunity to inflict an irreparable injury upii you, because lie has already injurei yoiu :to be cabai anid coimposed, wheni if' your feelings at all consort wit bi tI act you arle about to commit, you heart is boiling over withI hot, wrath all tis may~i be very linec anmd clival rous, but, it, is unnatural. An angri tmain, when lie acts naturally and withI out afl'eetationIl, assaul ts his foe irniimedi at ely and withI violemnce ; his feel inii fo.rce him to corresponidinig action-h; uses no0 soft, woirds, assumes nto easy' Iingl ifi'erenmt miamnner, bumt looks and act: the angry mnan. Yet for him t hern are laws, that will be enlforced too. Should lhe not be able to meet his in jurer then-should a (lay, though il may not abate his wrath, yet delay hh veiigeance-then'i the law against, miur derers wtoulld be enforced in his case Let bhim receive thle sanme injury, (de lay his revenge for as long a time avow his purpose ; deliberate, mnalig nant, calmi in his resolution from thic knowledge that a quick eye, a steady hand and superior expertness will ena, ple him to kill his adversary as safe, ly to himself as if ho too were no; armed-and the laws of Ihonor will shield him from thle penalties of hi: country's laws. Oimght these thing: to be soi? What justifies juries ir distingish ig between these two casem in favor of the latter ? 1IThe one o nao guilty "-t he ot her '"guilty.".'! Does the . law justify thoim? Does Om= 11on Sense ? What lifts from their Consciences their solemn oath? We labor in vain to imagine a reply. The plainest of all murders is the one most easily found to be no murder. What bloody delusion is it which, u1pon this subject, has so crazed the public mind, that it makes void the laws which Heaven declared and 1Hu. inanity approves, makes that honora ble which is the highest crime, and declares that chivalric which is unnat. ural and affiected. And how much is each individual. whose sentiments on this matter go to make up a public opiliol in favor of duelling, answera ble to his own coiscipnce for the )erpetuation of the practice, for the lives it has sacrificed, for the suffering and angnish of heart it has caused, and for the perversion of mroral sentiment it has eflicted ! Howl many there are, especially of the youthful, who, in the unreflectiveness and impetuosity natIral to their age, become compli cated ir. " ailiirs of honor," that find themselves, almost unconsciously, car. ried onward by the ponderous ina. chinery of the institutiuon to thedread consummation ; oft times fheing each other with deadly weapons in their hands, but with no malice in their hearts-one perhaps to f1lll, a victinm to false principles of honor, the other to lead a life of bitter regret. We eul conviiced that, in the majority of fatal duels, it is not the unhappy sur --ivor who is the real murderer, but Society. which by its perverted moral sentiment has set in actiui. inflitences imechanically, as it were, ,"duo.ive of the disastro-os efflects. We ask not to be. -oned for avingihught tih rested in) but, ve feel that, pr hapS, we have trespassed by the to(. olg thy expression of our imperfect and rain - big tholiughts. The Colsd a.lol .a tle Subjcect at this timie m, was suggested to us hy the fillowing which we Lke - omn the corresjpondenice of the Charleston Courier : Nhy-01arLASS, Jan. 19. The duello has at last, Ieni decreed a crime by ajury. Juani Pages, who, aS I mentioned iml my letter of vester. day, kilb-d some three years siice a:i oither Spaniard, named J1uanm Paiter in a diiel with knives, has been Col. vieed of mansla ugiter by twelve im,,. partial citizels. The verdiet, though lempered by a recommendaLiol to mercy, consequenlt oi the chivalrous mnanner in which Pages con(lcted his portion of the alliir, by givin.g up to his adversary an advantage which he had ill weaponms, yet. establish..s a precedent whih it is to be hoped will have a good efleet in deterrinmg imanyuiv from1 ? eing in such hliorrible utch. cries as have at times disgraced this sectio' n of' tle coilitry. " Up to his period," says the Ciecent, " it has been next to impssible to obtin i jury that woul conavict ill any case where a fhir duel had beeii fought niotwit hstanidinag the nmniielrouas laws' hat have been incorporated inlto our di fli.rent conist-itiutin s, anud str i ngent statutes that have been piassed bey different Legislatures oni thle subaject ofi duelling." We ha~ve thought this aI fit time for these connnuments, b)eaulse there are no0 Icontem.Jporaneouis circumllstanc~es to wohichi they can11 be applied, and we cainst therefore be charged with per. sonallity. In conludl~ling we would, to corrobo. rate our oIpinion as to wvhere tile sin ties, advert to what has been stated of lilinois: that the survivor of thec first anid only duel in that State was conl. victed of' murder by the Jury. it stopped there. Shahl this degenerated fe.ature of' the Dark Ages longer darkeni this enlightened age ? It is for the mien of'thle country, the sworn Juries of the country, to say when it shall bie effaced. INTER EsTINo STATIsTICs OF, TIlE Pats. nIYTEnIIAs. -Baltimore haus one Pres. by terian commitemiat, to 118 of the population ; PhIiladelpia~ one to 78 Pittsburg one0 to 47 ; Richmnond one to 59 ; Louisville one to 25 ; Nash. vilie one0 to 22 ; Charlestonl 'one to 56; Cotlummbial, S. C., one0 to 35 ; Midi onie to 45 ; Newv Orleans one to 128 Cincinnati '1ne to 153 Edwin Barnes was elected Sheriffrof Kershaw District on the 22nd uit. Trauspiauiag Frnli Trees, nY H1. C. VAIL. The autumnii is a favorable time for Making plantations of hardy trees, snch as apples, pears, cherries, quinces and plums. The inore tender varie ties of fruit trees are frequen.tly set out in the fall with success, yet the spring is the better season for rernov. ing the peach, apricot: nectarine, and even the plum. The taste for fine fruit is becoming more general, and we believe that as men become inore civilized and refined, they will give a greater share of their attei.tion to the cultivation of the soil -particularly to the propagation of line varieties of fruit. Thousands of acres of land have been devoted to orchards within a few years; still the price of fruits in our great cities is probably higher at the present time than it was ten years ago. even it we allow fur the scarcity of fruit this sea. Son, which has caused an advance in price. In short, the public taste is rapidly undergoing an edicational course. which renders it almost an im possibility to overstock the markets with good fruits at remunerating pri ces. Fruits should be grown more ex tensively for home consumption. There are hundreds of farmers whose families know nothing of the luxury of having abundance of finle fruit on their own farnis; who probably, never plucked a lucious pear or a ripe, blush ing peace from a tree of their own. Too often we see a few fruit trees carelessly set, alongside a stone wall, or im some neglected corner where they never receive attention, instead of having a field set apart and cultiva. ted especially for the production of fruit, which inny be thus obtained in any quantity and to suit the taste of the most refined amateur. We are highly gratified at the in. creasing denand for flue fruits, and to notice the number rf trees sold annu. al!.'- 'inr leag. il nursery men. We Ire niulv..ievted to witness the I . lr.:k. inir i:i ii nie s of them ar iIed ,ut, under ti.e naimei of settuig, which is vert proper, air they are set with r more care thimn if they were posts, or some other lifeless dihing. It never seems to en ter the brains of some people that a tice is an organized body, possessed of vital y, and the roots, etc., actingr as coinduiLs for supplying the means uf sustaining its vitality and increasing its mnais. Such is the iase, however, and therefore, after having used the proper discretion in selecting the right kinid and quality of tree, as to vigor, forim, etc., thu best mode of transplant. ing should be understood and acted upon. Take two plots of ground of eqiul size and transplant trees, equal im every respect, into both. Plant the oie with care, the o'.her in the ordina. ry manner and at. the end of ten years the fo taer will be so far superior that no amoutt of care or manurinar will bring the latter to the same state. Those persons who are about to transplst, fruit trees would do well to (.bserve a few facts. Nurseries, in which trees are grown until large eiouglh for the orchard, are generally in excellent condition, the soil made rich by frequent and plentiful i manur. ing, and kept clean by cultivation; hence in removing trees it is well to select as fertile a soil a possible in which to set thiemi. T:.ecs should nov ebe pulled or twisted out, of the ground, tbut al ways carefuzlly taken up. If' necessary to sever roots, it should be (lone with a sharp spade or oither proper tool. Care should always be taken to preserve all the small roots. lfor lhey are invui uable to the health and prospierity oft ithe tree. Exposure tom the sun and wind will so shrivel up) thme roots as to unfit, thema faor the per. forimnce of' iheir regular functions. Ilundreds of' trees are lost annally from this cnuse alone. All injured rooits shoul d be removed carefully, with a clean eut made by a sharp knife, the tops trimned just in propor. tion to the muutilation of' the root. The practice of removing all or near ly aill, the top of trees transplanted is injudicious. Th leaves are reqIuired to perfect their organ'ization, and these are more readily developed on the younger thani on the moure matured portions of'a tree. T1he holes for the reception of the roots should be spa. cious-from four to six feet in diame ter, and never less thani two and a half feet in depth. It must be recollected that if the spot where a tree is to stand be not well prepared before it is set, it never ca.n be done aiflerward, and that their roots extend wider and deep. em' than those of' ordinary crops, hene the soil must he loosened to a greater extent to enable them to travel without hindrance. Th'e soil removed from the bottom of the hole should never be returned to it. Its place must be supplied with that of a better quality. Where rich earth can be readily ob. tained, the surface soil about til hole may be taken off'and plma fn t, -a at any and 6ll sendons with p eiflcit safety. Other plans. may suggest theniselves. to the ingenioutcultivator. One word concerning dwarf pear trees. In selecting pear trees.gratted on quince for the purpose of dwarfing theim, be careful to choose those graft. ed close to, or even beneath' the sur. face of the soil. When grafte<\on the quice above the surface. .thyj are subject to destruction Iroin high Winds. Thib precautio) in selecting, naypr'e. vent the loss of iumy, he7ide the pear may throw out younig rootletsi and in: ime be growing on Its ovn roots1 The tap root of the quince should be cut out, for if left it will soon decdy and leave tLie tree in in unhealthy state. GAs TAR is lIORTtCULTUtE. clip the following fiom ohe of our ex changes. If true, it is a useful discov ery and well worth trying. From Galignani's Messenger, al quoted in the Franklin Inlstitute for December, 1854, we learn thaL adis covery, which is likely to be ofgiru advantage to agricuiture, has been -ei ported to the Agricultural society at Clermont, France. A gardener whs fiames and hot houses rehired 0in ing decided on makin ltfiei"b ao as likely to attract the heat bettr and from a principal of 'cdfom y he muade use of gas tar instead ott black paint. The'work was performed dur ing the winter, and on the: aporoach of spring the gardner was: surprr. to find that all the spiders and-insects which usually infested his he6t.hoiuses had disappeared, and also tha , e which for the last two. ycars:'hada, fallen off that he had intended oto re place it by another, had acquired fresh force and vigor, and .gave everfy sigl of producing a large crop of grapes. He afterwards ued the smgna sub - stance on. the posts and trellis-work which supported the tiers in the oge air, and met with the same resuts AlI the caterpillars and other insctsI - conuletaivi disappe-,.ed.-It ' Sid that sim ilar-e.periminents ibe idIUJe in sine of thevincyards in (ronde, with similair results. We commend these facts to American horticulturists as equally applicable to.otier growths than that ofb. vine. Sit WALTrER SCOTT.-ThGFO is strange Story now floating oL the great sea of literary table-talk. Nothing less, let me tell you, than that an unpublished fiction by Sir Walter Scott has turned up, and will be published in Paris, where - it Was found. The story runs, that a rich old German, who lived in Parislwhen Scott visited it in 1526, hid a.m9no. mania for collecting autogiaphs, -apdP wanted otie of Scott's; that -_Au Scott give him the manusciit -of a historical romance by her,. fatiibr which he had determined not i. lish; that he prized this very midh kept it in a box by itself; and prormis ed to bequeath. it to his private secre tary; that he quitted Paris in 1830 and was lost sight of; tha la months ago, the German's daugoht.er forwarded blhe writing case fromi Bava ri; that the secretary opened it, Rrd found it to contain, "Moredun, a Tale of the Twelve Hundied and TJi;" that it is of the usual thae volume extent; that it is being translated fr publication in the French, and thata it has the genuine life, spirit; and realrty of the best of the Waverly romances. -London Cor. of the iV. Y,~ Sua Times. a A REMEDY FORt AS . Ays SiiANoHiAs.-This breed of. ula very subject to a disease iatambling warts, and which somne perhons ny~s. call gout. It is an excressence whicha appears upon, and rapidly extenids it self over the shanks; rendering the subject very inactive and, inhealthy, and if not removed, in time pfross fatal. The disease is speedily ~ued by-first, washing well the part eit lected with warm wvater andt Tayp - wiping dry, and then smeslring'thield - over it, a mixture of tar and lt--.. '1he first application oftin efletj a cure; if it does not. in ten dhys or a fortnight after, apply, the mixture ai second time, and it will rarely faul DURATroN or VEORTADL L$ j Lord Lindsay states that, In tljirse of his wdniferings amid the' fds of Egypt, he stumnbld mne I~muy - proved by its ,hieroglyph~a9b least 2000 year~ of age 9n4 . ing the mrndtmny after .Jtwaip ped, he found inone ~mrt, dt~d% a J a tuberous or bulbous aroot~ w~ interestedin t~e uesio vegetable lif mooedhien. 'h there. fare-took thi 'ubrsioy10 r~ga the asummy's lhagd1::pipn4is sq~l, allow 1ieav~a dish. the subsoil removed from the hole maI'iy be substituted for the sut face soil so removed. The exposure to sun and air will so ameliorate its condition that it will soon become surface soil. It is an excellent practice to place bones, horn piths, woofen rfgs, leather sha1vings, and other refuse imaterial's, such as old mortar, bricks, etc., in the bottorn of the holes as a deposit of materials for the future use of the tree. If a hole be dug near a vigorous tree, and a fresh bone be placed in it, at the end of a year the bone be dug up, it will be encircled with fibrous roots thrown out from the tree and feeding upon its substance. The field devoted to fruit trees should be underdrained, if wet, for no tree can do well in wet, could sour soil. We would advise the deep and thorough underdraining of naturally dry lands a p! actice which is now pursued in Eigland with great success, and which we have not the: least doubt would prove an excellent investment on American farms, particularly on those portions which are expected to yield so abundantly as orchards. Deep and sub.soil plowing must nee. essarily precede the transplanting of trees, for with the exception of the middle portions between the rows of trees, they can not afterward be done thoroughly without great injury to them. Compost manures are best adapted to trees. Unfermented, concentrated, anmonical manures, are highyly inju. rious, disorganizing the spongioles and rendering the tree unhealthy. Large amounts of mulch, river or pond mud, turf, sods wood, mold or other refuse vegetable matter prepared by the use of the salt, and lime mixture, or char. coal dust, mixed with ordinary ma. nures, or with guano, hen dung, or other concentrated fertilizers, may be used with safety, and should be min. gled with the soil, not placed in im. mediate contact with roots. - Trees never should be set deeper thai where they grew in the nursery. If Ahy ;g, th' yt-hiould stand an im ta ,r .wo higher. to allow fr tho set. tling of the soil, which will have them at the proper depth. Care mu.t be taken to give every rootlet its natural ljosition, and when all ready, fine miold spriinkled over them, so that every crack and crevice may be filled. When properly covered, a Iew quarts of water thrown on from a broad spout, so as to give the strearns a flat, thin form, will carry the soil about every root and insure success in its future growth. The practice of shaking, re. commended by many writers, is ex. tremnely injurious. We know from ample experience in pursuing both methods. During the operation of shaking, the roots are drawn out of place and are left in a cramped posi. tion. After having carefully planted a tree, set a tall, pliant stake near it, and make the tree fast by means of a wisp of straw, or a soft tow string, or strong bast matting. The object in using a limber stake is to give the tree an opportunity to move when attacked by winds, and yet remain firm enough to prev. nt being nprooted or having its roots drawn from their proper place. A mulch covering of loose straw, coarse litter, seaweed, coarse manures. spent tan bark, stones, bits of' boards, ebips, ete, illaced around the tree, pre. vents rapid evaporation of moisture, and thus enhances the likelihood of success. Trees may be freely watered when mulched, but when not so treat, ed, it often does much injury by com. pacting the soil anad preventing the access of air. Diluted guano water, solution of night soil,. improved superphosphate of lime, anid other co:acentratedl fertili. zers, may be applied to trees with profit at almost any season of the year. W hen guano alone is used, it should be dug in the ground in the .fall, so that the autumn and winter rains may dissolve and disti ibute it through the soil, andi de'stroy its virulence before the season of rapid growth commences. Should it come in contact with the spongioles in its concentrated form, it would result in their destruction.-~ Superphosphate and improved super. phosphate of lime are valuable as application to fruit trees of all classes. and may be used at any season with. out tear of evil results. Indeed, fine fruit cannot be grown without the pre. sence of phosphates In the soIl, and we have every reason to believe, both from theory and actual experiment, that the use of the soluble phosphates is productive of the greatest benefits to fruit trees ofevery description. Probably thb best method fo.r wa. Loring trees is to bury a piece (or two of pipe tiles, with one poInt below the. body of the tree, and the other coming to the surface of the ground one~ anad a half or- two feet from it. In this tubehus formed, water, ry dilato. solutins of manureb~rna ha nn'aurc