Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE 81 U M1 w JiRY TUE OR ING BY W. J. FRANCIS. Trw DOILAts in natvnnee, Two Dollarm and--4Fifty Cnts n'at the i'xpirathiinfl tl i mlmths, ---Rr three Dular at the enl 'of the year. -No pAjper discontiiued Unti all arrearneres tre rimot. litala'a'' at tile option of the Proprietr. L dW A , dertemnlt inpertet at FIY Cent4'p~r maimre. (12 lines or. less',) for the first, and lal t suma for each subseii. -ihsertion.. -gr The nimilher of ii ertione w i bn all Advertipments-or il" . until o ered to be disconltl accor nelY. Aj ets ONE I)o.L a -a (in.gle, in usertion. Quairte e illias new oni Tents wilt be sertion. an .T --ESSAGE.' .'ens of the Senate . .he. Jfee of Repreathtitios: le brit spacoawich has elapsed 'o-the close of ybhi-lasti session hits en marked by no extraordinary po litical event. The quadrennial Clee tionl of Chief Magistrate lias passed ofr with less thant the usual excitmnn.'iit. Howeve- individuals and parties ilmy have beei disappointted in the result, it is nevertheless a subject of national cotigrattlation that the choice has )Cen ellectcd by the inldejpelideit sif fragesofa fret people, Undisturbed by thos& influences which in other coun fries have too ofitni ailected the purity .f popular electio lsl, Our grateiil thanks arc due to an ll-mercifid Providence, not only for staging the pestilence which in dif fere'nt fo)rms has desolated some of our cities, but for crowning tie labors of the husbaidman with an abund int harvest, and the nation generally with the blessings of peace. and pros perity. . Within a fi.r weks the publie nind has been deeply tfected by the death of Daniel Webster, filling at his decease the office of Secretary of State. His associates in the Execu five government have sincerely syi pathized with his family and the pub. lie generally on this mournfil ocea sion. Ilis commanding talents, his great political and professional cm inence, his well-tried patriotism, and his long and faithful services, in the most important public trusts, have caused his death to be lamented throughout the country, an.1 have ar:Ved for him a lasting place in dur. hiltory.s .ITb th'e course of the last summer con siderable anxiety was caused for a short time by an official intimation from the government of Great Britain that orders had been given for the pro tection of the fisheries upon the coasts ?f the British provinces in North Am. erica against the alleged encroach ments of the fishing vessels of the United States and Ftance. The short iess of the notice and the season of the year seemed to make it a matter of urgent importance. It was at first apprehended that an increased nmaval force had been ordered to flue fishing grounds to c-arry into ef feet the British interpretation of those provisions in t he convention of 1818, in ref'erence to the true inatent of which two governments dilbr. It was soon (discovered that such was not the de sign of Great Br'itaini, andt saitisfac-tory explantations of' the real object-s of the mieasiure have bL'en given bo0th here and ini ILndoai. VTe unadjuasted difference, hoi wever, Ihetween the two governmnts as to the interpretation of the first atrticle of the convention of 1818 is still a mat ter of import ance. A imericatn fishinug vessels within nine or te*n years have b)een excluded fromt waters to which they had free access tr twenity~tiv'e years after the negoatiationi of the treaty. In 1843 this exclusion was relaxed so far as concerns the 1iay of Fudbttejs and libheral inuten pliance with what we think- the trite construct ion of thme con vention, to opern' all the othier h-.ys to oaur fishier flin was abanidoned, in conseqjuence of thei opposition (of the col onties. Not withstanding this. thet U. Statecs have, since the Bay of F"iundy was re-openced to our fishiermieni in 1 8-15, paursuedl the most liberal course toward the colo luial fishing ititerests. By the rceven tne law of 1840, the (lities oni colo nial fish ettering ouiir porats were' very greatly reduced, and lby lie ware housing act it is allowed to be enter ed in bond wvithoumt duty. In this war coloniatl fish has acquliired the maonopoly oaf thle expoart tradle in ou r mi arket. anti is eniteing to some extent inlto the hom ie coism lpJtion. These ftets were niaang tho se which increased the sensiii ity oft our fish ing' interest, at the moivemecnt ini ques tioni. These cireunstances and- the ini eidents above alluded to hatve led me to think the moment favorable for a r-econsidleriation of the entire subject of' tije fisherics on the~ coasts of' the Brit ish provinces,- wlth" a vibw to place thetm upon a more libejaI footing of reciprocal privilege. k' willingness to meet, us in some arratgiemkit of this kind is understood to exist,' on the part of' Great Britain; w'ith'nv desire oni hFer part to include in one comp'rehen sive settlement as well this subject as the commercicial intercoursf be-tween * ~ the United States and the Br'itish prov'inces. I have thought that wh-lat ever arr'angvements may bel ie ont these two subjects, it is expedient that they should be embraced in separate conventions. The illness and death of the late Secretary of State prevented the commencement of the contemnpla ted unagotiation. Pains have been taken to coalleet the informiation re qutirod. ihr' the detai'ls ofC such .an ar rantgement. The subject is attenided with considerable' difficulty. It' it is found practicable to come to' an kreement m stualig acceptable to the r wo parties conventions may be con- , luded in the course of the -present vinter. The control of Congress ov- 4 r the provisions of such an a angelent, an'eetig the revenne >f course be reserved. 'The afiirs of Cuba to inent, topic inl my sage. Ti'cy rer irrita. dition, and Im author tion on Is 1, cling has iti egular comrnaer tween the United es Island, and led to some act which we have a right to .comp ' Butt the Captain General of a is clothed with nao power to At rat with foreign governments, nor is he in any degree under the control of the Spanish Minister at N ashinagton. Any communication which he may hold with an agent of a toreign pow. er is informal and matter of courtesy. Anxious to put il end to the exist ing ineonventienees, (which seemed to rest on a misconception,) I directed the iewly appointed Minister to Mex ico to visit I Lavania, onl his wav to Vera Crtuz. lie was respectfully received by the (Captaina Genteral, who conferred with hiim freely on the reeat foccurrences; litt n1o perttianeit. a rranget nenlt was el~eted. It the mean time, the refutsal of the Captain General to allow pas. sengers nd the til to be landed inl certain caes, for a reason which does not fiurnlish in the opinion of' this Gov ernmetnt even a good presumptive ground for stich a prohibitiota, as been maude the subject of a serious re ritonistrance at Aladrid; atad I have no reason to doubt. that due respect will be Paid by tlte government of Iler Catholic Majesty to the represen tations which our Minister has been instructed to make on tite subhajeet. It is but jtstice to the C apinia Getn eral to add, that his conduct. toward the steamers employed to catrr'y tl.e mainiis of the United States to I Invanta has, with the exception.s above alludd to bee mared withl kind ness aid liberality, an1d inadicates tto geteral purpose of interfeing with the commercial eorresponldence atia intercourse between the island and this country. Early in the pIresetit year iflicial Iotes were received frmii the Alinis ters of Fraice and Englaid, invitintg the Government of the UniaitL(l States to bce Ine a Iparty with Great Britain and France to a tripitrtite C(oiveitioii, in virtie of which tle tlree pow ers should severally and collectivev diselai m, now and fr thie fotihture. all inl tention to obtait pessession (. tile Island of Cuba. antd should binld ticm selves to discoIutanCttce a1ll at templlts to that effect o tle part (if any pow er or individual whatever.-This in. vitation has b)cetn respectfully declined, for reasons wlich it woul( occupy too tuitch space int this conintaication to state in, detail, but whicht led tme to think that the proposed iteastire would be of doubtf I cInsti tilta i ity, inmpolitie, and unavailittg. I haave, howvever, in common witht sever'al Eot mty predecessors. directed thle Al inis ters of' Iratnce anid Etnglaand to lbe assutred that, thec Untited States enter taitt tno designts againist Ctba; bunt that, oni the contra ry, I shlaad re'gard its incoirpiorationl itto the Unaion't at lie prcsettt time as. fraught with seai outs tieril. Were thtis islamideotmparat ively de' titutte of itnhabitanits, or occuipied lby a kindred arac, I shouhld regLard4 it if. voluntar iily e eeded byv Spaini, as a most dlesirable acquisition. Biut, unider ex istitng circu itstatnces, I should look tuponi itsi itncorpoirtio it our011 Uilon as a veryv hiazardous meiasute. it would bintg into the C'onfede'racy a populationt of' a difletrent, tnationtal stock, speakintg ar ditlierent lanrugua, and not likelv to harmiotnize with the' oither tmemnbers. It, would4 proab ualy effect iat a prejudicial mi:mntter the ain dI itriatl inltere'sts of thle South-,Ii anid it taight revive those cotnflicts ot'opinion beiatwe thi Ile Iditl''eeits~ection's o f the crmtalry. whlich' lately shoolld thie l'anit to its cantr'e. zimd which have beea so happily cotmproamisedh. Thew rejecai tio by thte Alexicant Con gress of' the Cvoventioln w lhIeb hadl bete concluided bet weentat~ liepub-n lie and the Utaitedl States, ihr' the pro( teetiotn of' a trttaeit way across the1 lsthlamusi of' Tehtte iw pe attl oif thle ini ter'ests of those e'itizenis ot' lie I utited States wh'lo basI becomte propr10ieti rs of' the tights which MIexico hal ('Ottferr'ed oni onie of her owni citizenas ini re'&ard to that transit, has thriownt a seriatas 4ob - stacle itt the wiay of the4 aiti tt imet oft a very desiriable niational obi ject. amt still willing to hope that. the dif ferenct(es o th Ile subject whieb exist, or' which mtay lhereaf'ter arise, b ~ecte the governimenits, will hb' amiicalhy ad jutsted.--lThis sub lject; ho wevei'. has al ready cengaged1 the at ltntionit of the Senate of the li ni ted St ate's, anid re quir'es nto furtther' cotnitieit ini this comii muntiention. 'Thec settlieent of the queacst io n re specting thIe port1 of Satn. Jani de N ica raguta, and1( of' thet cotroivets y heat weent the republics of ( 'osta 1Hien and N ica raguia in regard to their bountitdaries, war. cnsidlered intdispetnsabile to thle corrlnt)?n~ement oif thle ship en'nai~l betwee~n-thic two olceanis, which was the subjet of the Convent iotn betweeni the 19th Aprtil; 1i5. Acor'dinigly a piropocsitiont for the sme purmpose til dressed to the two- gov(''ernmets ini that guarifter, aitid to theM A asqui to lIn dians, was agreed to in April last by lie Secretary of' State anid theA Mintis ter of lhen Britaie Majestvy. Besid'e the wisht to aid in reconicil ing thle dif ferences of' the trvo repubhlics, I ent gaged in the tcegotitatnfo a desire to pliace the great work of' a ship[ cnatal between the two ocetans under' one 'mrisdicriti rani toi enztahsai dtia. ortant port o Juan do Nica agua ,u government of a Ivi-' er'. The proposition in wa assenited to by Costa and the Mosquito Indians. It t proved equally acceptable to agua, but it is to be hoped that fur'ther negotiations on the sub ject which are in train will he carried on1 inl that Spirit of Conciliation and compriso which ought always to prevail on such occasions, and that they will lead to a satisfaetory result. I have the satisihetion to inform you that the executive government of Ve. nezuela has acknowledged soine claims of the citizens of the United States. which have for many years past beeni urged by our ebarge d'aflhires at Ca rateas. It is hoped that the same sense of justice will actuate the Congress of the Republic in providling the zucans of their payment. The recent revolution in Buenos Ayres and the ermfederated States hav ing opened the prospect ofaii inproved state ofr things in that qiuarter, the Go vernment of Great Britain and France determined to negotiate with the chief of' the new (onflederney for the firee ae cess of their eoiineree to the extensive countrines waterud by the tributaries of' t he Laa Plita. and they gave a friendly notice Elf this poirnoe to the United States. that we might if' we thought piropr pursue tihe same course. In croipliance with this invitation, our minister of' Rio .1 aneiro and our charge d'aflhires at, Bueios A vres have been fully authorized to conclude treaties with the newly organlized Confredera tion, or tihe Staties comprising it. The delays which have taken place in the ftniiation of the new government have as yet prevenated the exceution of' t hose instructions; but there is every reason to hope that these vast countries will be eventually opened to our commieree. A treaty If commere has beei con eluded between the United States and the Oriental Republic of U ruiguay, which will be laid before the Senate. Should this Convention go into opera tiol. it, will open to the coilnimerciaIl en terprise of our citizens a cintry of ngrreat extent .1d uni spassed in natur il resources, but from which ihreign nations hatve hitherto been almowst whol ly exclided. The crirespiidence of tie Secret ary of' State with itle I'ernvian elarge dl'af faires relative to the Lobos Islands was coanmnicated to C ongress towards t he ('los! of' the last session. Since that tiiiie, on forther investigatiin of the subject, tile doubitihts which had beeni en tertainied of tle title of' Peru to those islands have been removed; and I have devined it jist that the teiti 1inrary w roinig which had been uni ntenitiotinal ly ote her soverigny. I have th lie atisthetion to iiifi'rm Von that, tle eourse pursuti sed b1y Peru has been creditable to the liberality if' her governiment. BetZre it was known by her that her title woild be acknowledg ed at Washington, her Minister t'l 1' 1reiri Atlhirs has antiorized ouir cha rge d'a ll'ir's to Laina to annmi uoin'e to le Amcrican vessels which had goine to the Lob~os ihru guano, that lie Il'eruiviani go vern irent was willing to f'ri-eit thlemn ont its owii accotuit. This intent ion hiais b een carried itto effecct by the Peruivian Minister her'e, by an arrangemteint w hiieb is bel ievetd to be adv1 anta:igeioits to thle p art ies in iinte(rest. Ouri settlei.itents (on t he shores of' the Pavifle hav~e ailready given a great ex tetnsion, aniid s(omte resliects a new di i'e'tiuii. toa otttut omm'ee in that o'ceani. A direct and rapiily incr'easingm inter coturse has spr'nig ump wvith Eaistei'n Asia. TIhie waiter's of' the Niortheri'n Pa cillie, even into thle A reiei sca, hav'e of' hatte year's been f'requteinteid lby i ur whlalem eit. Th'le aplic at ion of' st earnii mnakes it desiiralie to obataiin f'heh anid oithleri iieiessary isupli es a t convulen t pints on I he route bet ween Asia oni1 our inlI'ac'ilie shores. Ournt unifor'ttnat e countryv ment wh'o f roiin t imie to time fU sil-r shtipwr'ck on thle coasts of the cai'terni seats arie eniiitlIed to proite(ctiont. lBesidecs thlese' specific objects, the gent eraml prospiity of ur States on the' I'amcif'ic rirei ts that an aittemt should lie iinadie to open the oilplosite tetriins of' Asia to a i mutunally bieneficial in tei' c''oarsie. It is obiviious tha t this atternpt could lie imaide by nii powver tii so greatj adlvanitaige as hay the I 'nit ed States.I whoi se coniisti tut iionai sy stem excludites every~ ide'a of' dist atut colmni al depien dencs. I have accordiingly 1beent led to oridei' an approprniatte nav~ail fthree to .Ja ani, underi the ciomiinianl if' a diser'cet anid inttelligeit cflic'er of' lie highest ratrk kniwn to otir sernvice. lie is instrutet ed to endalavor' to iobtain fromn thea giuv C'ierinet of thlat. (outrltv soime relaxa tioni uit thle inihoispitable 'and aniti-social sy stemi whIich'l it b.sa ptursiued fire ablot' Swo centu0rie.'. .lle hats b een directedi p aiit icilarlyi) to i'emonsti'ate ini the strin' igist lan gumage alga ainst the ci'iel treat mnt ti whIich ouri shi pw~re'ked main eins live often bieeni subiject ed, and tio insist that t hey shall lie treatedl withI liiinanaity. Ile is intstruetetd however alt the saime tite to g'ive thiait goaven iaie'nt the aimpIest aissuirance that the iib jects oif thle Uniit ed States aire such andh such'l onlyv as I haave indicaxted, anid thait, ihie expeditioni is f'riendhly anoi~ peiaceflul. Not wit ht.'taninig thie jeilousy wit h whIichi thle goverl nients of' Fasterin Asia regardni all overttures friomt foreignt er's, I am niiot. wi tihout hiepes of a beine fial~ resulIt of' theit expeditioan. Shouln d it be crowi~neds withI sticcess, the ad vain tge~s will not be coiifined to thme Ui ted States, btut, as in thle ease of'Chiinat, will lie equally enjiyed lby aill the oth-n er' mtarnitiime powers. I have' muchi'I sat isfhaetion in stating theat ini atll the st ep s parep~arator'y to this exphedlit ion lie G~over mtenit oif' thle UnmitIed States has baeen moater'ially3 aidedl lby the good ofllicers of' thle Kinag of' thle Nether'ilands, lie (on1'ly'European power't hatvinag any e'coiinioureiad relattin with Jitai In passing fron the survey of' our foreign relations, I invite the attention of Congre-s to the condition of that de partment of* the Government to which this branch of tle public business is entrusted. Our intercourse with for. eign powers has of late years greatly increased, both I COI)SC(luence of our owln growth an the introduction of Iany new States into the fIanily of na tions. In this way the Department of State has become overburdened. It has, by the recent establishment of the Department of'*he Interior, been re lieved of some portion of the domestic business. If'the residue of the business of* that kind, such as the distribution of Congressional d6cuments, the keeping, publishing and distribution of the laws of the ,Uited Suites, the execution of the copyright law, the subject of re prieves and pardons, and some other subjects relating to inferior administ ra tioli, should be transferred romi the Department of State, it would in questioiably be f'oi the benefit of pub lie service. I would also suggest that the building appropriated to the State Department is not fire pli that there is reason to think there are defects in its construction, mid that the achives of' the Governniient inl ebarge of' the Department, witi the Ireciouns collee tions of the nalluseript p:pers of' Washinigton, Jeffeison, llamilton, Madison, and Monroo, are exposed to destruction by fire. A similar riemnark may be made of the buildings appro priated to the War and Navy Depart ments. It has been the uniform policy of this governent from its f'oundation to the present. divy, to abstaill from all interference in the donestic allihirs of' other nations. The consequence has been tlIt while the nations of Europe have been engaged in desolating wars, our countr- has pursued its peacefitll course to unex:tIpled prosperity and happiniess. The Wars ill wihil we have beei compelled to engage, in de fI'ice of th rights and ho 'nor of the c:)nlltry, have 'been f'ortunatelv of short diration. During the terrific contest of nat ion againt nation, which sue eceded tihe French revolutioi, we were enabled by the wisdom and firm ness of President Washington to maintain our neutralitv. While oth er nations were drawn into this wide sweeping whirlpool, we sat riuiet and un mved upon our u a-n shores. 'While the flower of' their nmnerous armies was wasted by disease or per. iied by hundreds of' thousanids upon the battle-field, the Youth of this favor ed land were pernitted to enjoy the blessinlgs of peace beneath the itern a1 ro< f Wh'le theStates of Europe iicurred enormous debts, under tle burden of which their subjects still groain, and which must absor b no small p. art of tle produlct of' tle hollest intdus try of those comitries fir generations to come, the Lited States have once been enabled to exhibit tile prolnd sp~enle-rvfnation fiee from j1 public debt: and if' peinitted to purisue (r prosperslois wAiy lihr' a fLw years I lolger' ill peace, we may.iv do tile salie agail. Iblit it is now said by some t hat tis pol icy~ muist bwellchangedl. Europe is no longerrei separtate'd f'rotn us byv a voy age of iilonlths, but stea ncii avigration has brought her within a few days' sail of our shto res. Wec see Inure of' her inoveinents Iitd take a deeper Initerest to hi'r c"enlt roversiies. A I ltug no one proiposes that we sho uhll joinl the fraternity ui of oentates who havec for ages Iavishted thle blood and t reasure' of thiri sub jctls ill min-it I ailinig *the bialanie of~ power' vet it is said tt we ouight to intterfer'e betweeii 'otenciding sovereigns aind their sub.i 'fects i'hr theprpstf vrhrwn th onrebies '''f't Erop andmi estab-' ttin'. it is alleged that we hiave hieret iqre( puirsued a d ifi'eren t cou rse Irini at senlse f ur 'ii wveakness, but that c'hal-.'e of' p'olicy, and t hat it is coinse quety ivour duity to Illingle inl these conlit ests and~ 'iid thiose whomi are str'ug-t (ius atppeal to thle gieerouls sy ilpaithliles iof treemilen. IEnjoingii' as we d (o the blhessinigs of' a free g ioernmenl't, iher'e IiIno in~i whio has an1 A micani heai't that woulId not r'ejoice to see thiese blessings~ extended to all other nations. We calnnoit witniess thet sI tuggle be. tweenl Ithe oippre'ssed and is ippressor' allyvwhere wtit hout thle deepest symllpa thy the1 the f irmr. and~ the most anix iOuis dlesir ihrlii his tium111ph. Never lteless, is it prudenit, or. is it wise to iin vol vv i'irse'lves iii these f'oreigni warsf Is it indeced t rue that we hav'e hieret o ti re refriiiedl friti ding so) iierely frioim tihe detgr'aing~ 1110iv VO 1 it(oil sci' nis wea'IkneCs' Yor' the honor' of' the pattrioits whoc hiaive gonle b'ufore u1s, 1 cannliot admlit it. Mein of the Illevoilult ion who dreiw t he sword algain st. the oppriiessionuls of' thle eni 't hir Iive's, t hir lotunes11, anld t heir sacr'ed hlonliri to Imailnini thiri free lby so iiuiothiy a motive. TIhey' kiiew no1 weaik ness or f'ear w here righlt or' dut ty poiinlted tile way, and it is a libel upon01 the' iir fhiiion f'or usx, while we eiijoy thle bllessings f ir which thley so noly fbugIht aiid blled, to) insinate it. The ltuth is thatt thle coursei which they' pur~sued walis (,ictate.d by ai stern sense of t internaiitionail just ice, biy It statesmanicl ike pru'tdence anld a far-see ing w isdo m, looik ing no(t iiierely to the. present necessit ies, but, to the per Inailt saftlty and1( intecrest of' lie 00oun1try. TIhey kiiew that th~e world is goveined less biy syi~mathly than by rea~soni and1( foree; thai~t it watS not pol)ssi Ible iihr this nation to biecome a 'piropta ganidist' of free pinlciples wit houtt Iar r'ayinag against it, the comllbinetd powe~'rs of ELiuop; an~d flint the i'esult was rnore likely to lie tile over'thriow (if re puib lic'an lIberty here thanl its establish History hias beck: wri ten iii vain fur those who can doubt this. France had no sooner established a republican form of government-than she manifest ed a desire to fCrce its blessings on all the world. Her own historian informs us that, hearing of some petty acts of tyranny in a neighboring principality, 'The National Convention declared that she would aflord succor and fra ternity to all nations who wished to recover their liberty; and site gave it im charge to the executive power to give orders to the generals of the French armies to aid all citizens who might have been or should be oppress ed in the cause of liherty.' .lere was the false step which led to her subsequent misfortunes. She soon found herself involved in war with all the rest of Europe. In less than ten years her government was changed from a republic to an empire; and finally after shedding rivers of blood, fbreign powers restored her ex iled dynasty, and exhausted Europe sought peace and repose in the unques tioned aseenlaney of monarchical prin eiples. Let us learn wisdom from her exitmple. Let its remember that revo. litions do not always establlisli free dom. Our own free institutions were not the offspring of our Rlevolution. They existed befbre. They were planted in the free charters of self-gov ernment ider which the English dol onies grew up, and our Revolution on ly freed us froimi the domtinion ofoa ir eigni power, whose government was at variance with those institutions. Bit EuropiCan nations have had no such training fih r self'government, and every effort to establish it by bloody revolutions has ieen. and must, with out that preparation, continue to be a fiiilire. Liberty, unregulated by law, degetterates into anareby, which Sool becoies the most. horrid of all despot isms. Our policy is wisely to govern urtiselves, ant1d thercby to set such an example of national jtst ice. prosperity, and trie glory, as shall teah to all n' tions the blessings of selffgoverment. and the niupralleled enterprise and siccess of a free people. We live it an age of progres. and ours is emphaitically a couitry of pro gress. Withiin the last lialfcentury, the tinuber of Statcs in this Union has nearly doubled, the population is ali most tladrupled, ait( our boundaries have been extended from the Missip pi to the Pacilie. Our territory is cieltered over with r ailroads, itd fut rroed with canals. The inventive taletill ofour contiry is excited to tile highest pitch. and "tile inumerouts ap pl ications ir patentls fir valuable im provenments distinguish this age and this people from all others. Tie gentius of one A mnerican has en abled ourt cotnmiterce to iore gailst wind and tiide, amid that of anlther has annihibit ed distuntee itt the tratnstiissioi of iitelligettee. The wirile conlitry is fCll oIf'etnterprise. Out- conmton sclim'Is are diliasing intelligence annog the pieople, aiid our hidtistry is fist accu nulating the coimif'rts anid luxuries of life. This is in part owi ng to out' peculhiatr posi tloll, to outr fecrtile soil, anid comnparat ively sparse popiulationi; bit muchel of it. is also owingr to the popu'tlar inistittions untder which we live, to the f'reedotm which evety lmit fe.els to engage in anyt~ usef'ill iusiti. acco rdinig to his taste ori in elintat iona, and to thle etiire conuidence thiat. his per'sonl antd Iprop er'ty will lie 1pro tcted lby thle laws. Bunt w hate ier miy b~v e thle cause5 of this unitpitralleol ed grow thI ini popuilatoitn, itfell igence, aini wveal tha, one thIinig is cheat-, thiat lie Goavernmaiet nt must heap pace with the progress ot the peopthle. It mutst. pairticipate itt thIeir spirit oif eterp rise, and wiuleI it exacts obe d iece toi the lawvs, an d rest rains aill itn athiz iied inva':sioins of' lie tights of ne(iglhboarinig St at es, it sinoutld fa str anid piroftelt~ htile inidiustryv, and lenid its powevtrluIl strtenigthi to t4te itinprove. metit of such mnilts oif inter'commniiica. t its are necet'sary to iJiroitmte out' internatl contneree, antd strenigthlen thle tics which binid yis together ats a peo pale. It kistot st range, however muchel it may~t be regretted. that such ant exub erantce of' eiterpr'ise should cause some individuals to misltkc change ihr progress, aind the inva'isioni of the tights of others, tfor ntiohnal prow ess and gloiry. The tformier are cont statil y agi tat ing for somte chiange in lhe organtic law, or urtging new and1( utridt heI iories of'li huan rights.- The lat ter ate ever readyv to engage in atny wild erutsade againtst a nteiglhor ng peoleI, regard less of' the just ice of the eni terp rise, and withlouit look ing at the intal coni.'cquences to ourselves anid to thle cause ofI poplalr government. Such expe'dit ions, hoever, are of tell stimuhitlited hby nliereei'nr indiv.id uinus, whoi exp)ect to shartie thle profit or' plunder' of' the cetrprise without ex posintg themselves to dantger, and are'i led oni by sonie irreplnsible for. ci'gner, who abuises tihe hoespitiali ty oi our own Go'vermniet.t by seducing fthe yo'ug anid ignoerant to joint m his schemei i of per'sontal amiitioni or' re venge, undt~er the fiulse anud delusive pre tence of' exteinitg the ar'ea of freedom. These reprehtensible aggressions but. retaird thle trz'ue prgrs of ohur nation and( tarnish its iir flme T1hiey should, thierefore, receivye the inidignanit froiwnis of' every goodl citizen who sinicer'ely loves his coutriy and taikes a pr'ide in its prosperi ty and1( honior. Ouir Conistituttioni, thiongh not per fect, is doubt)1less the best, that ever was forimed. Th'lerefbre let every proposi tien to chtange it be well weighled, and if' f'bund benteliciail. cauttiouisly adopted. Every patriot, will r'ejoice to see its au thor'it~y so exer'tedl as to adv~anice the prosperity andio honor of the n'ition, whilst lie will watch with jealousy any attempt to mtiutilate this charter ofotur liberties, or pervert its powers to acets of asmressionl or injui'ti.'e. Thus shall conservatii and pr gress blend their harmonious action in preservhig the form and spirit ofthe Constitution, and at the same time car ry forward the great improvements of tile country with'a rapidity and ener gy which fre6nen only ein display. In closing this, my last annual com munication, permit me, fellow-citizens, to congratulate you on the. prosperous condition of our beloved country. Abroad its relations with all our fi eign powers are friendly; its rights are respected, and its high place in the fimily of nations cheerfully recogniz ed. At home we enjoy an amount of happiness, public and private, which has probably never fallen to the lot of any other people. Besides affording to our own citizens a degree of pros perity, of which on so large a scale I know of no other instance, our coun try is annually affording a refige and a home to multitudes, altogether with ont example, from the Old World. We owe these blessings, under Hleaven, th the happy Constitution and Government which were bequeath. ed to is by our lithers, and which it is our siacred duty to transmit iii all their integrity to our children. We must all cnisider it a great distinction and privilege to have b)een chosen by the people to bear a par t in the admin istrati. n of such a Government. Called by an unIexpected dispensation to its highest trust, at a season of embar rassment and alarm. I entered upon its arduous (uties with extreme dif fidence. I claim only to have dis charged them to the best of an hum ble ability, with a single eve to the public good; and it is with devout grat itude, in retiring from oflice, that I leave the country in a state of peace and prosperity. MILL.ARD FiLLutOnP. Washington, Decembcr 6, 1852. TilE MITEi BINNEI. Sumterville, So. Ca. JOHN T. GREEN, EDITr. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1852. Ejp TIhe proceedings of' the A_ cultural Association will be published in our next. Clanrilestoma ftarket. CHAR.EsToN, Dcc. 131b, 1852. COT.'UN.-The market on Satnr day remained unchanged. Near 1000 bales sold at from 8 a 9 5-8-the bulk of the sIles ranging from 8 3-4 a 9 1-2 cents. ol. Thssa M aker. By a receit clectionlour, friend M.JoI T. NI. BAxKU, has beeni jpro moted to the Colonelcy of the 5th I siment of South Carolina Cavalry. A Lett'er-oflcur; nd more'-liurolgIr gentlemen could not have been chosen to fill the post, of honor. Elcciaoaa on tlov'eraaor. OIn Thursday last an election was held for Governor of South Carolina, whieb wi ith great unainimIity resulted in the cho'ice of the Hos. Jouix L. The ceremon y of' inaugurat ion took plaec on Alonday. J. II. lunv was elected Lieutenant Gov. on the first ballot. Eiectiona s'or Law .Baadge. On Wednesday last the hlos. T. WV. G1.ovER Clerk of' the house, Was elected Law Judge rice los. ., J. EvaSs resigned. TW.G.ove,..63 99 II. C. Yot-so.3 Wilnaiagtes and asaclaester R. R. Comauy. F~romi a recent rep~ort of the aflhirs of' this Company which wvas laid lie fore the Lecgislature by its able Presi dent we are supplied with much valua ble information as to thme progress of' the work. At the western cnd (of the road the Comipnnv ~iave inl oplerationi forty sev en miles of' track, ruinning from the Camden Brainch to within eighteen miiles of' the Great Pee Dee. On this eighteen miles the grading is finished, the timbuer delivered and the bridge constructed and in readiness for the tr'ack, which would have been long since complected but for the wvant of the iron, wvhich has been in Charleston, awvaiting transportation for some mnonthsz. The South C'arolina Rlail Road Company had contracted for the delivery of the iron but have not dleliv ered any) to the road since the Congaree bridge was swvept away by the August freshect. he tr-estle work up)on the Great Pee Dee Swvamp has been contracted for and will b~e commenced in a fewv days, mind the bridge across the Pee dee, which will be constructed upon cast iron piles will sCon be begun. On the eastern enld of the road, the wvork has advanced with equal or great er rapidity. From the Wilmington terminus thirty' eight miles are alread~y completed antd in full operation mnak ing tihe aggregate eighty-five miles of road completed. 'The Company have been losers to a serious extent by the remissness wviih which iron for the t rack hat bet-n do. - IT IiverC(J, 14 thM~tt Road Comupn . I$diedt~I Company are.eltheraadly" ed by freight orolsa ir e eient in the means of traiO"rtd # I'e learni that cottoni hiis h.: r to accumulate at various , s4ion id many ofthe planters of this Disrie ) hauling their cotton, in %fag'ot miles to market rather than rsk the slow movements ofthe outh rp lina Rail Road Company.' Legisla Ive Itenid. g=r- The bill providing h04 t. JI municipal elections of Charleston shall take place biennially instead of an'i'aI ly has passed the legislaturei" gg- The Bill to divide Pendleton into two election Districts has passed the Senate. L-7- The report for redistricting the state (which adds Lancaster toif Congrssional District) was agreed to. g--f All further action upon tia several Bills giving the election of Electors for President and vice Prcsif dent to the people has )cen postponed until the next meeting of the Legisla. ture. lBeware of Oyster. Five deaths occurred last week ill Columbus, Ga., from Cholera Morbus caused by eating bad Oysters. Sever. al cases of severe illness from the same cause have come under our own observation during the present season. When Oysters are fresh and in season they mainy be eaten with perfect impu lity; lut when brought to market'too early in the season or in an unsound state it is dangerous to indulge in thema. Col. Asimsaore. The Editor of the Southern Stan dard. writing from Columbia, pass theo following Merited coinpliment to the efiieit Chairman of the Committee on Claimas: "Col. Ashmore, of the Committe on Claims, is the thorough business man of the flouse, and makes most rap id work. H1aving a clear and remark ably quick mind, and being well ac. quainted with the laws which provide for the payment of services rendered to the State, lie very soon decides the fate of numerous appliuants, who, with-' out rhyme or reason, come here cx pectinag a drop or two from the pub.: lie treasury." REVOLUTION IN iYMEXICOi BA TTLE OF SONORA. CITY OF VICTORIA CA PrURE-D; Tassaplco Expect lung aa Attacks Futer Successes of the Insurgents. Nnw ORREANs, Dec. 4.-The sechond er Mary Ellen, from Tamupico,. 26tir ultimo, has arrived at this port. She brings informationi that excitement ex.' istedl in consequence of a formidable revolution which had brokeni out in the State of'Tamaulipas. The cit v of Victoria, the capital of the State,'had been c'aptuared by the revolutionists,. wowere hourly expected to attack Tamipico. 8ECOND DE.SPATCIr. New ' Orleans, D)ec. 5.--9 P. M. TOe D~el/ti haas dates from the City of Mexico to the 10th ult.. which - an nounce that all the Tehauntepec pro. Ipositions are to be published, and their' decision left to Congress. Accounts from Sonora report' that C.ouana D)e Boulhou had rebelled, and thait a battle had been fought with the governmient troops under General Blanco, in which the latter were def'eat4 ed. The state oaf Aguas Calientes, had pronounced ini favor of the plan of G andlalagara, and cent ributed large qIuntities of arims to the revolution ists. The anthoutrjies of' Orizabai were treating with the in~rgentsaat. Vera At Mazatlan twvo vessels of wvar, which were sent from Acapulo to blockade the port, hiad joined the in. su rgents. Conventions, of Editors, Publishers &C, The Convention met on WVednes, day, December 1st., 1852, at the Fire.. man's Hall. The Convention was called to or. der, lby requesting P. M. Wallace, of the Carolina Spartan, to take the Chair, and appointing RI. M. Stokes, of the Laurensville Iherald, Secretary. The fllowing gentlemen represen ted the Journals opposite their names: P. M. WVallace, Carolina Spartan. R. A. McKnight, Unionville Jourri al. E II. Britton, Fairfield Herald. J1. [1. No, wood, Darlington Flag, TP. J. W\arren, Camden Journal. A. A. Gilbert, Sumter Watchman. .1. R. Gossett, Mountaineer. T. J1. Ecec, Yorkville Remedy. J1. II. Giles, Newvberry Senatiniel. R. S. Bailey, Lancaster Ledger. W. RI. Taber, jr., Charleston Mer euryv. S. A. Godmnan, Faimily Friend. C. HI. Allen, A bbeville Banner. B. C. Pressly', Sontheirn Standard. J. A. Bonner, Due WVest Teleser p6. 1-. W. B. Johnston, South Canrolianiati. A. T1. Cavis, do. RI. W. Gibbes, Pahnetto State Ban.. ner. W. TI. Carlisle, FTx Ed. Tieleijrabi,