Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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DEVOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY, NEWS, LITERATUR, SCIE ATD T A . 3. F .LANcIS, Proprietor. n . - -OT I To* SUMTERVILLE, S. C., APRIIL20,l 1S52s PA T. T 'TI T hw0n n i. - - -~ [From the Sou:hern Siandard.] 4 -,-The Conivenationl. 'The election for members to aSouthern Congress, held in Oc. tober last, called to the polls every freeman of South-Carolina, who was entitled to exercise that constitution qjprivilege. 'They were told that tie Qccasion was momentous in the hlghest degree, not for the reason that the judgment of vters was to W .taxed in the choice of a particular candidate, 1'ut because the election involved a principle, that a mighty crisis was impending over the State, dhmading the application of the sovereign remedy of separate Seces sin- and to decide this grave ques ti'on the freemen of South-Carolina were called upon to cast their votes for, or against the candidates who advocated the policy of that measure. It will long be remember ed what stirring appeals were made to their passions-what argurments were addressed to their understand ings --what indefatigablo activity was displayed to win them over as converts to the doctrine of immediate action. All this will be remembered by young and old as lorg as memory lasts, and there is no good citizen wiho does not sincerely hope, that he may never again be called upon to pgrticipate in similar scenes. But the issue was made and was fairlg decided, and the voice of the State declared against the expediency te State action. tanding this soleiun f'rou the editorial iii a recent colu tiocate of issue, that some Secession yet thinks it would e proe~r for the Convention to pass an ordinance of 8ecession, and then submit that ordinance again to the deision' of the people. This is trifling with solemn things, and an attempt to carry up an appeal from an appellate tribunal of the highest order. If this course of proceeding is to be resorted to, it mgay be well asked, how much more weiglt will the second verdict be beentitled to than the first, and %ligther or not, by the same rule of proceeding, a third verdict may not be demanded? And, in case they should conflict with each other, Awhether or not a fourth might not be necessary, in order to solve any doubts about the weight and mean ing of those preceding? and so on ad infinitum. And why shall this be? Why should any one call in question either the sanity or pat riotism of the people in making the solemn declaration they have already made? What more can they do than they have done? Are they entitled to no respect, because they have not thought upon a given subject. in the way and manner a minority wished them to do? It is to be hoped that there is no one prepared to put this low estimate upon the jiatelligence or patriotism of so large aportion of the people of South Carolina. The decision they have made was not made hastily and without consideration, but after ma ture reflection, and, upon every pinciple of pure republicanism, it is entitled to be respected. And there is no reasonable doubt that it will be. Trho members of the Con vention will be true to the will of the -people, as already expressed, and carry it out fully; or, if they desire to throw off from themselves tbat responsibility, they will, at least, allow others to assume it who dan believe that there is no danger or dishonor in being the equals of their fellowv-citizenas of the other Southern States, and remaining with tllem as such. Or, thcere may be found in that body some high-toned patriot, who, calling to mind how unnecessary it was to bring into ezistenco a Convention only neces sary for the purposes of Secession, when the people had declared against at, may announce to the wor-ld, that, as the voice of the people is the law of the Convention, it is due to them that such Convention should adjourn sine die. Such a man the Statd will long remember-, and the~world will admire. Jut it is well known thmat the advocates of separate Secession have a~ numperical major-ity in that body -they have the power and may destroy the State. WVhat they will dlot the public are not yet informed: but no one has vet been found. maa vention has been called to turn the batteries of the State against itself. All its members know, that Separate secession, or any kindred measure, will be in direct opposition to the will of the people--and the pro ceedings of that body will soon show who it is that thinks it necessary to force upon the people a reversal of the solemn decision they have made. A LooERB ON. THE CONDUCT OF CONGP Ess.-.-The dilatoriness of Congress becomes more apparent every year. I ident -making absorbs every en, y of the iembers. As there is scarcely a member of the Senate but is secretly or openly intriguing for his own elevation to the executive chair, the public business receives little or no attention at the hands of that body; while in the Ilouse, affairs are scarcely better. At present the government is in absolute necessity, owing to the non passage of the Deficiency bill. Yet no serious effort appears to be made to pass these requisite appropriations. Members meet and talk bunkum, plotting, in the interludes, for this or that candidate, when having trifled away the day, and secured their eight dollars, they adjourn to renew, on the morrow, the same censurable farce, Congress, indeed, is fast ceas ing to be a national legislature, arid is degernerating into a mere Presi dential caucus. Honorable members go to Washington, not to act for the good of the country, but to plot for their own election, or that of their friends. We sometimes, in ' P, these facts, tremble For the fAture. tI. sco t, ,es Lo deprecite - . years, at the rate it has been doing the past fifty, it will be by the close f the century, as bad as a Polish iliet; for faction will reign trium pliant, personal ambition control the passage of every law, and the liberties of tie Republic racked, till almost torn asunder; in die fierce struggle for the Presidency.--[Phil adelphia Bulletin. HIog'tetIs and Siite: KossUTU IN A uctTA.-The dis tinguished IHungarian, L. Kossuth arrived in our city yesterday morning by the train from Atlanta; on his way North. We understand that he had telegraphed the piropritor of the United States Hotel to have in readi ness a suit of rooms for hiu; but when lie reached the railroad depot, and found no committee of reception, not even a crowd of anxious faces to see and welcome him, he very wisely determined that the prospect for "material aid" was not flattering, and therefore concluded riot to remain, but to take the first train for Charles ton, which lie did, having remained in the city about an hour. His pre sence produced not the least excite. ment, and did not call forth the slightest demonstration . So much for the patriotism and real genuine Americanism of the citizens of Au gusta.--hironicle &intinel. KossuTII iN CHrARLEsTo.--This distinguished Hlungarian patriot, with his lady and suite, arrnived in this city, via the Rail Road on Friday after noon last, and took lodgings at the Charleston Ilotel. No excitement or public demonstrations attended his reception or brief sojourn among us. On Saturday, the Mayor of the city and a number of citizens waited on him, at his lodgings, and tendered him the homage of their respect for his character andl lofty endowments, arid expressed their sympathy for his misfortunes and those of his oppress ed countrymen. ie conversedl free ly with his visitors, on the subject which occupies his mind; but the in tervention doctrines of the great Magy'ar, even when enforced by his rare eloquence, have made no im pression on a community whose hearts and miird~s are too strongly imbued with the wise and paternal lessons of Washington to be led astray by the sophistry or enthusiasm of the gifted foreigner. Tfhe conservatism of Our people furnishing no motive for lis prolonged stay, lie and his party loft, on Saturday afternoon, in the Wil mington boat,for the North. We~learn that at Augusta, also, his reception was very lukewarm; and that, on his arrival there, find no preparations on foot to receive him with "distinguish cu nonors,- nO concluded to proceed at once on his journey.-Charleston Couier, 12th int. KosSUTII's RESIDENCE IN ENG LAND.-We find the following para graph in a London paper, in refe. rence to the contemplated residence of Kossauth in that city: It was his intention, with about for ty of his countrymen, to reside tem porarily in Belgium, and there quiet ly to watch the progress of events in Europe. The sole reason why Kossuth would have preferred Bel. giuin to England was the greater economy practicable in the former country. The altered state of affairs in France has, however, satisfied him that the Belgian government would not sanction his residence in Belgium at present; and therefore, lhe has fixed on England as the place of his residence for a season. His course of procedure, we learn from one of his most intimate friends, will be to a8811e apassive attitude for the pre. sent, in the assured belief that events are rapidly hurrying onward to a great crisis both in Germany and Italy. TiiE PiEss.--The Richmond Ex aminer, speaking of the common notion that everybody has a right to publish what lie pleases, at the pub lisher's expense and not his own, says, very forcibly: The press is only free to its editors, and to those whom its editors believe to have good ground for ad-lressing the public, and something to say which the public has an interest in hearing. We would recommend those who labor under this mistake to consider'the following fact--that newspapers are made for the large class who read, and not for the small a who want to write. The idea that when a man subscribes to a newspaper he lays its proprietors under some un definable obligation, or that he has a right to publish his composition therein, with the single proviso that they shall be inoffensive, is a popular fancy and most ridiculous mistake, which ought to be corrected. Not oly has lie no such right, but the editor who permits him to rut un interesting matter in his columns infringes upon the rights of f-aur or five thousand other people to gratify one individual. Very few editors act so absurdly. T e 0afe o1 a Prisaer. The ollowing strange. eventful re cord of a journeyman printer's life is taken from one of our exchanges, which paper asserts it correct to the letter. It developes what a man can do if lie likes, and what queer and enterprising; unselfish fellows the majority of printers are : "-The life of a printer is, to y the least, one of variety. I left home at the age of nine, and was apprenticed to the printing business at thirteen, since then I have visited Europe, been in England, Ireland, Scotland. Wales and France, in Canada, Nova Scotia, Labrador, South America, West Indies, aind all the Atlantic States of the Union from Maine to Louisiana-have lived in twenty.sev en cities and towns of the United States. I have been a sailor in the merchant service, and have sailed in all manner of craft-ship, barque, brig schooner, sloop and steamer-in the regular army as a private soldier, deserted and got shot in the leg. 1 have studied two years for the nminis try, one year for an M. D)., travelled through all the New England States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva nia. and Virginia, as a journeyman printer, generally with little else than a brass rule in my pocket. I have been the publisher of twvo papers in ,one in Boston, one in Roxbury, Mass., one in New llamp shire, and one in Maine. At one time I had $7,350 in my pocket of my own. I have been married twice, and am now nearly 26 years old ! ! I have been a temperance lecturer, aiid proprietor of a teimper anice theatre." JREcEwIr ron Niriir MAREi.--tv0U wish to see thet " nioct urnial horse of the lfeamnine gne," alou have to (do is, about fifteen timintes betibre bed time, cuit uip one (dozen of cold boiled pota toes ; add a few slices of co01( boiled cabbage, with live or six pickled cu cuimbers. Eat heartily, and wash dlowni with a pint of b)rown stout. Uni dress and jump into bed. Lie flat on your back and in about half uan hour, or thereabouts, you will dream that the devil is sitting on your est wvith a Bunker Hill Monument in his lan. MISCELLANEUS. Itaproved Telegrap BaItery. Thle following descriptbn of an im proved and far less expeasive battery hr telegraphic operatios than that now in operation appeari in the Lon don Times. On Monday last, by Jnrmission of the directors of the sulmarine tele graph between England and France, a series of interesting experiments were made by Ur. Reid, telegraph engineer, of University street, Lon donl, for the purpos of testing a pair of double needlo instruments and two new batteries which he had construct ed. One of these instruments was placed in the compdny's office at Dover, and the other 'in the French office at Calais, with a battery to each. Two of the submarine were then connected with the instruments, and put in circuit with the batteries. The length of the submarine cable in the Channel is about 24 miles, and about five miles of land telegraph on each side, making in round numbers a circuit of 68 miles. The battery that was to work this distance formed a strong contrast to the present bat tery now in use, the length being only 4 inches by 1 1-2 deep, and the weight 1 lb. 5 oz., while the old com mon battery used on the lines is 36 inches long, 7 1-2 inches wide, 8 1-2 inches deep, and weighs 64 lb. Some of the telegraph clerks in the office smiled increduously when Mr. Reid connected the nainiature battery with the instrument but were sur prised to find the signals to and from Dover and Calais quite equal to the signals they were receiving from their former batteries. The next experi ment was for the piupose of testing an inprovenent in tr* double-needle maWgmaaift-4requir-0th..ut most stretlh of faith on the part of our readers to believe. It was as follows:-The miniature batteries were removed from the instruments on each side of the Channel, and a piece of zine, three-fourths of an inch square, and a piece of silver to cor respond, were then introduced into the mouth of the operator at the of fice in Dover, and instructions sent to do the same at Calais. The wires attached to these pieces of metal were then connected with the instru ments, and by this simple means, and by the simplest of all batteries, the telegraph clerks sent several messa ges to and fro from England to Franee. The next experiments was similar to this, only a larger piece of zinc and a larger piece of silver were introduced into the mouth of the op erator. The result was an improve ment of the signals. These experi ments were witnessed on the Dover side by Captain Baldock, R. N., Major Hammond, and by Messrs. Cheshire, Edwards, and Evans; on the French side by M. Morley, Vice Consul; M. Morris, director of French telegraphs; M. France, &c. This was oii the evening of Monday, March 1. The next day, March 2, the experiments were repeated with the same success. Thec instruiments ith the miniature batteries transmit ted all the commercial mecssages, prl ces of stocks, funds, &c. till o'clock, when they were packed up and sent to London. It was thought that dur ing these operations the miniature battery would become exhausted; on the rever-sc, it improved, and scmed perfectly to maintain its character-. From these expeiments we may con clude a new revolution is in pr-ogress with telegr-aphs and bat teries. They will become more simple, more easy to understand, and will eventually not only become as familiar as house hold words, but familiar and useful as household ser-vants. CuIanIm.--Mohammed, the ga-cat pr-ophtet of Mecca, thus illustrated charity: "Every good act," lie would say1 " is clarity." Your smiling in your brother's face is charity; an exhorta. tion to your fellow man to virtuous deeds, is equal to almsgiv-ing: youi putting a wanderer in the right -oadl is charity; assisting the blind is chari ty, remioving stones and thmorns and other obstructions from the road is charity; your giving water to th< thirsty, is chariity.- A main's trut wealth hereafter is the good he doe in this wom ld to his fellow man. Whet lie dies poor 1people will say :"WVhaI property has he loft behind him?' but the angels-*vho examine him al tho grave will ask, " What goot denda hast thou sent before thee." A Yiinkee at Ve-avisas. The following we clip from the Boston Transcript . "Go where you will you meet Americans. We had no sooner set foot in Pompeii, and were busy exploring the Temple of Isis and the sacrificial altar, when in came three curious Yankees and joined our party. The other day, on reaching the top of Vesuvius, I descried a man sitting astride a block of lava. I don't know why, but I marked him at once for one of my countrymen. As I advanced toward him, I could not help noticing the cool manner in which he and Vesu. vius were taking a morning smoke together. His long nine was run out like a bowsprit, and he took the whole affair as calmly as one would look upon a kitchen fire at home. As soon as I came up with him lie bawled out-' Iallo stranger ! Pret ty considerable lot of lavy raound here! Any news down below? Ye haint tuckered aout, be yeP' On my asking him if he had looked into the crater, he replied, 'yaas but I burnt the laigs of say trowsers, I tell yew!' Hie turned out to be a man from New England, who came up from Mar seilles to see the volcano, atid a more delightfully verdant gentlemen is not common in these parts. As %i ca-ne through Portici I read upon a Ro man pillar, * Erected by Conelius Dracol.' Could this have been an ancestor of our friend, with his i knocked out ? asked the gentleman in Court-street. We returned to Pompeii by the light of a full Italian moon; passing on the road troops of fat monks, wad ding to their wine and wassail; crowds of beggars, merry as larks over their gains, and lines of donkeys laden with boughs, which gave the brancheosaii. appearance aaif. Bir nam wood -was at his old tricks again." J. T. F. Fasitlion of Olden Tizanes. Old fashions they say come new every seven years: somehow or other knee breeches don't come round any more. they tay ihen Gov. Bow doin reviewed the troops ait Massa chusetts, in 1785, he was dressed in a gray wig, cocked hat, a white broad cloth coat and waistcoat, red small clothes, and black silk stockings. In 1782, Governor Hancock re ceived his guests in a red velvet cap, within which was one of fine linen turned up over the edges of the vel vet one, two or three inches. le wore a blue damask gown, lined with silk, a white satin embroidered waist coat, black satin small clothes, white silk stockings, and red morocco slip pers. The judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, as late as 1773, wore robes of scarlet, faced with black velvet; and int sumnieri black silk gowns. Gentlemen wore coats of every variety of color, of a 0ffe rent color from the coat. In 1783, General Washington ar rived in New York from Mount Ver non, to assume the duties of the Pre sidlency. H~e was dressed in a full suit of Virginia homespun. On his v'isit to New England, soon after, he wore an 01(d continental uniform, except on the Sabbath, when ho ap peared in blaick. John Adams ,when Vice-President, wore a sword, and walked the streets with his hat under his arm. A t the levees in Phihadelphiia, Pr-e sident Washington was clad in black velvet, his hair was powdered, and gathered behind in a silk bag; yellow gloves, knee and shoe buckles; he held in his hand a cocked hat, orna mented with a cockade, fainged about an inch deep with black feathers; a long sword in a white scabbard, with a polished steel hilt, hung at his hip. RIESPEcT To AG E.-T'he Spartans obliged their youth to rise upin presence of the aged, and offer them the most honorable seats. At a theatrical representation, when an old mann, an Athenian, came too late to lhe able to procure a grood seat, the young Athenians unanimously endeavored to sit close and keep him out. Abashed at this he hastily made his way to the seats appointed for the Lacedomonians: they all im mediately rose, and received him in the most honorable mianner. Th'e Athenians, struck with a sudden sense of virtue, gave a thunder of applause: andl the old man exclaimed, 'the Athenians know what is right, but the Lacedmumonians practice it.' curiosities of Istenn. There is a question connected with steam which is more strange than any, and yet we seldom hear it mentioned. It is this: watcr at 212 deg. gives off steam; this steam is to. tally different in its nature anti action from water; and yet it is only 212 deg. also. Why does not the water at 212 deg. all flash in a moment, like gunpowder; into steam=-thot js5 into 1,700 times its original bulk? We cannot toll; we only know it doms not do it. It laig been proted by Faraday, however, that water, per fectly purged of all atmospheric air, (which all water contains a portion of,) when heated to 86o deg. ex plodes instantly -that is, all flashes at once into steam; There is ariothei prdpedy tidlang ing to water not so universally known to engiiieeri as It ahould be' ramely: all the water in the boilei Will become steam in a given time, when subject ed to a constant heat and great pres sure. If a certain amount of water, at~the heat of melted ice, be put in to a vessel, and a lamp appli'd to the same, it will be fourid that, if the time occupied to bring the water from melied ice to 212o (the point where steam commences to be given off) be noted, and the ltinp kept at the vessel for 5 1-2 times longer, all the water will be changed into steam; it follows; then; that if a certaih amoynt of best bd applied to water, for 5 1-. tilies the period it took to raise the temperature from -that of melted ice to the steam point, all the water will be in a state to flash at once into 1,700 times its original bulk. A cubic foot of *aler boheitd into steam, occupies 1,700 times the space it formerly occupied, if not compressed; and two cubie feet .of w'ileffoni)dint'o stdihnfocoupy a space of 3,400 Nut. - exerted by such an expatisite force is treitendous. If frozen watei has burst cannons, is it to be wondered at that heat and water burst boilers? Every engineer should be thoroughly acriuainted with all the known chemi cal and mechanical properties of wa ter and steam. The observations of eninent practical engineers are very valuable: they are situated to observe the phenomena of steam, and there may be many not yet generally known.-Sienific American. Tie Literature of Distinguish ed -men of South Carolina. South Carolina has been distin guished through the whole period of its history, by some of the most stri king and brilliant characteristics, that ever belonged to a nation, Founded in part by the best blood of irande, the Hugonote, who escaped who es caped from the persecution that fol lowed the revocation of the edict of Nantes, she has afforded so ma ny brilliant examples of successful achievements in the arts, letters, statesmanship and in arms. Bring ing with them from France as the early settlers did, the spirit of hero ism which seems to be inherent in the French character; a love of personal independence, for which no nation was ever more distinguished than the Hlugonots; a spirit of liberty and of aristocracy (that aristocracy which is natural to heroic and splendid na tions.) these qualities were infused into the body of the people; and long before the American revolution, many noble examples of lofty character were exhibited in the history of the State. It was, however, at the period of the American revolution, that the at tention of the world was fastened par ticularly on the part she played South Carolina was the field of' one of the fiercest and best fought strug gles of that bloody era. We need scarcely allude to what took place, for the events arc engraved so deeply on the pillows of the republic, that they niever can be blotted out6 TIhey are fresh in the recollections of .the present generation, for they have served to embellish the brightest pa ges of our history. Sumter, Marion, Moultrie, and a host of others, are names which will nzever dies To CURE LoVE.-Take of manu factured hemp about six feet; of courage, enough to make a slip-noose and place it around your neck; of resolution~ enough to fasten it to the top a tree; and of determination, sufficient to take a leap downward. If this does not effect a cure'gel married. lloN. IIENRi CLA; firh t seat in the Senate in Dece' 1806, nearly forty yeara There were but he'en ten h s414.J the Union; ahd, of thp thiiar thi4Ya four Senators, it is believed tbat aw Ulay alohL survids. - 'My dear Poll 1 am surpriAet at your taste in weag another-woL man's hair oh yoir heyl said Mi Smith to his wife. des- 11 am equally hatoblished ii siat in wearing another on ybur back. A man made application a days sinqe for insurance on a buii di situated in a village yheib tthto A no fire engine. In answer to, thd question, 'what are the faciitiles extinguishing fires?'. he Wrotb:lJ rains soinetitnea!' A huc hila being mtasuredlf a pair of boots, bbserved: " Make thsai cover the ebif. " Heavens!" etclaitned .the sa tounded snob, surveying his e itd mer from head to fboti "I havob4 leather enough. Thiiere is A tillor in .ostot; WhM noso is so red, that he can 8e*tjai finest Work iT the darkest hight ith no other light than that afforded his by his flaming proboscis. is. d is quite bald froin the effect of cis-.j ing building materials in his hat h-uth is likd A rustic beatitiy most lovely when unadoinbdi al seen in the open light of day; and whenever truth is thoroughly disouid& ed, it will dot fail to tome like i-ed gold fron nthe fire; Like Aja, i'A itrqulites hothing but daylight" li fair play. n -sum; wi oil i.aJ ~ baby as herself-and to mate brettd. Some years agd I Philadel. merthant sent a cargo of goodi Constantihople. After the supercar' go saw the bales and the boxs safe& ly landed, he inquired where tbiq could be stored5 "Leave them herei it won't raih to night," was theiro' ply. "But I dare nob leave thin thus expcsed; some of the good be stolen," said the superbAgi .rg Mohammedan inerchant bi-st :Ilt6 loud laugh, as he replied3 "Doe alarmed, there ain't t chlJriskys within jifty miles of here&" gr Women are formed for at' tachment. Their gratitude is uite peachable. Their love Is ah unceas. ing fountain of delight to the man who has once attained and knows how to deserve It, ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.-Two *et1 thygentlemen were lately conversa ing in regard to the period when they. had best enjoyed themselves. A Wi tell you,' says one, 'when f -nst enjoyed life. Soon after I Wee twenty-one, I worked fot' Mr. laying stone wall; at twenty centy per day.' 'Well,' replied the other, 'that does not differ' much from iny experience6 When I was twenty, I hired myself out at eel'el dollars a month. I have never enjoyed my self better sinee?' The experlehce of these two individuals teaches, fiet, that one's happiness does not depend on the amount of his gains or the stas tion he occupies; second, that er-y small beginhrngs, with industry and prudence3 may Seeare wealth. L ET your thoughts be fit o* sutad for the subject. Every day h~Vo high thoughts of God, lower thoughts of self,~ kinder thoughts of your brethren9 and more hopeful thoughita of all around you~t CiicmPENS.-CURE THlE P Undcoubtedly about these days" d of your chiekens will have this- o mon chuickeh coinplaint. Oure $V. How? Simply by mixing a spoonful of sulphur with abou .tro pounds of meal for a Teed oviuye.~t er day perhaps for a fortnightw Be very careful not to let any. og that substance get mixed with you dwspo* sition, or it may give you a worso complaint than the one youi adn Scu ring.--Too much sulphur in thamt sweet compound composing female hearts, is apt to makce :them a l fiery. It will cure, the glp tbog, ~A So will it kidney wevns tte 1u