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. . to. m -m "17-. DEVOTN D -TO SOUTH1ERN RIGH1TSi DEMOCRACY, N'EWSr, ITERATU RE CENEAN HJA *~~7** ~- *~"...",..!, . . .............. ~, * I s TER I E, S. c., FEBR UARY. 10,12. .~POLITICAL.1 SPEE CM or -rm:i 'Ac Resolition sul..mied y Mr. Foolc, (f Ali.sisippi. in reration to ,be oiproiasc Ala.vurex : c!irvre'l y:eat .| .tac Uw'led Slates, cepmbe r 1511h and 161h, 131. --.*. (By Request.) '(toc.c;Auorn 'rRoM oun AS-T.) he tem of internal improve. -ae it ls longr been a source or con tp io_. In 1t45 there had been speI.t..by the G -w o U errnent on roa liarbors, n. rivers, exclusive -UftheMisaissippi aud Ohio rivers. whichi.are common to both sections, $15j'01,223. Of this slim, the - onth - received ,2,757,710, while tf"North obtained $12.748,d07. Is itfOndlurful that the North favors '' I will iuntice one 1nore rather small aRIO, but'it s'lows the inlvariablle ten ilencyot-things in tie poiey of tiis G;verntrient. .1 allude to Ile fishig;bointies. I know very well tlerrcbatsn which was assigned 1'r thlse ishing hounties. It was to cheoi:ige sealien, with a view to the (N.iI I of the counitry. S in all'these appropriations aIl all these sichemiius, by Which the North has b een0ggrandizl at the exi'eise of the South, high aud. generous Motives were'urg1ed their suii apprt. It w s int-inerely the iiterest of the coini try at large; it w as not merely to eli1oujrngee 1e'amen that the systein wVA lb.-mi, awl i.; continuedl oniI h. L4Q it .id proaide to the Nirth. * navigatiem au-1 s-ain of the th a id .ast ained prineli ally ),, iaviiation exceedls that of anv mia;i''ni i , the .wIrbl, we st-ill see this smali alf:tir going on-small, apparently but amui'uitingr ini a few yearis, to a very. large snn. I av :1nehI do y41duI thinik thle Nort ha, -o yte fishing. haiities alone? () of $10,000,000 pai. ouit of the Trrt.s urv (of tihe Unitel States. the shive holding- States have receiveil 8151. 000, an i tie North 87,85.000. It i4.iinpassille to estinlate exaedY the value to the N. rth of* the nonni id theyV enaj ty of our c ole coastingI trade, and the eio yiniint to their shippiing the tr.anspIai tati.II ( oir cqtton idValrS. It ha.s beCn estiLted b1yS s11 ab1le imenli It nit I-s i Ian $40,000 a year. The gilst rea of pro3perity sweeL's f'r..'mi the Soutih to the 1North. Mr. Pr.siilenlt, 1er i :inelI fi nanc6ial operCations. of* the GOveri11m-ent. tlte "roeits pn thei two s s-eti ms of the9Unioni iimnst lie inievit:iile. lAt asicoinpare the coii liioii of tle tii sections of the caitry j-ist bt-fore our Revolution aid mhrt v years after. In-1760-'69, thi , m'6iitherin Slates. wiit a popiulation , as I have stated. of 1',200,000, exported p-iid ucCe to the value of $42,27,705: uhi'. the. exporfs of New England, New rk. and P'ennsy vaiiia , with a jopuiiti1on q~L of 1,300,000, wer~e only $0,:350,0:5 -1ess thiii an onefourthi, Furtyv year latei', in 1821 to 18830, thi' expiorts of.theo same Southern iSta'es were buthlittle nmore than oiie-hal f of these saae~ Northern Stte--8222, - 0Q0,000 to $427,000 ,0fi0. Ini I'T0-'60, S>uth Carolina anid Geoorgia exported twice as mnieh inj vahue as all Now Enghaur, Ne w York, and Pennsylvnia. (Of these exports-the greater part was fromn Bouth- Carolina. aS Georgzia was in hdrs inifancy. In 1~2 1-'30, these Stdtes wec-e exceeded by New York alone. In the former period, Vir ginia, and Marylanid exported iiv~e tim~es as munch ini value as all New England, eight times as imuchi as New York, and thirteen and a half times more than Peiinsylvania, bplt in the latter period Virginia and Muiyhland expor-ted but $2,000,000, whilst New England exportedl $130,. 0OQQQO, arnd New York $21, 000 00 Theli registered tonnage of . outh Carolina, firomn 1791 to 1 887,-actually diminished fifty per cent., whilst that of New York doL~uled, and that of M\assachusetts Mr.: President, I have gonc into thqndstails.to show the operations of'th1d 6udeal Governmnent upon the two' sections of the Union. You will suo thatg iwiformer days, wo of the ,'uofthi were pr'ospierouis andl happy. 1low are wo now' Ounr ecmmei e is low, or pacede.stro;-ed, our North, forimerly poor, low riots in Irosperzity, and iot only threatens our liberties, but our existence itself. Can the operations of a Government, which proiuced Such fesults anun gSt e1qual States and equal men, be cen stitutional? What was tic principle of taxation for which our i fithers coln tenlldill ouir Re'vohlitionl? It wans this: that the peopl1e of' South C'ar olinta should tax themselves. and thlius rule theimselves inl taxation. IHave ibe people of South Carolina, for the last twenty-vfive y'ears, taxed thcem selves or ru led themselves inl taxation? No, sir. Every tarily. inuling tite taril' f' 182-1, has been again st their views of' their rights and interests I ler re'prescita tives in Cuongress have presen ted on e Continual and utnchanui.;ing l:rotes t ag~aintst yoltrI w1hole systemu of taxation and ex pendiiture. In what respect are the peepile of S -1,th Carolin I (Iow ditT. eretit from the state inl which their anlcestors would have beel, if they natl submittedl to the taxation of England? We are taxed against Outr consent- taxed in spie of our rep resentmives. Althouh41 it is t rue that <mr11 ancesttors contenev htw shoul I not be taxed w itoiut repre setation, yet, Nwen the 1Uritish min istry rpraind that me sh6ub1 have !;Ix VC reprsentati ves inl Parliamenclt, they ij'etei it. A'l "h "eeatse Nix rep rsentatie cold not tr tie taxes too be lid uIpn tLem. Theyv would!, have ben s o thting ill :. PIn-li:11nenlt of six hlinlvred nil , havingr di:ie'reit itiereSts. Ilt' Ieces 'Ma rily ruling and overrillin thetm. They therefore didane d' e i r positin in io .ite' s of* the United 0;aestht I ur "I e w b l have ldW in. thw .I ritIsl P illilult. V6 O ve h ti e %N i*hout u'lci .t . in stte o iv: r reitative. Ohr I' t !e ar St-l -g ve met , islet' tI t.r ,- i f -I I 4 i cI - ' fwer thr wuIt r Aed. t 'a ii ot'ai:-: , the w i ate subectc4 ies bt dgrade :11, r1 .i i s . I la i w . I tY eN W ;t 1 1, 11ti .o i tC'. : I $tIIV titt n.:I.'t At i Ia a hau'slntt ti .eans by ira n ' t~a, iitoa b e e xpen.I :way fr..,! ile mll. A:!-v a ll tt in a t. th r C a, nI I 'I v :outh ist whaing - n'w . thew vry bW'(t ott.n; to '.he Nooth : nt p10tph-W :111r poss.X-l. ,-:ngh.1di nt now.:ntit evrthd.ss ctcol ;, it. The -f.eh * e It lia en uiCAVh- tutoi acaiat her Ail, on war t.>tt hrUAi and (inst i er eti te " i'ti .o Ilder theL Ilnr : levA iat dit .l -r reen I.r rovo:me bat to tw ciw!: sion (f iecved by the -Lrnelt of Nebeni ister to o te .t of .i s t :.1 weca'th (f thw Ntrit.'. A! this m1; ofnt in (:rdsait tain-' Ct' a t liCSon try ti he , al ie< iny devlaed tl te itt rita0 lii oicor e , t: le-t. 0l~le ae vorl he atoptdr--he tarN'ii-s bu t pr~ cendth.and that Southe luxriie o :o) nis, r;t:oii ht o uldn: toive obetitone ofIuch of sytem tefiior Sement eetso mayeaized that .1thct hatv oing r lit taken Whn the ueio in r wleltieonte Southern States, after haing takit high grouid itlh Sutith Cariulina, I ventured to suggest then, also, that it was probable they . woubl di Fo agin; and in that even1t I was for South Cai olin' reistiiig Uhlle. Inl expressing this opinioni, I dill n1o more th:i counsel South Cai-olia to do what Viriiia, Georgia, Mississi.. pi, and otlhl Southern SmItcs I ad (declareld they would do. They dc clared, not that they would w ait for lszistmiice fromll other States, bit they themselves, each fur itself, would at evcry hazard, and to tile last extremi ty, resist these agesos The coutrovels Vof oour fathers w a Controversy for prillciple. Ours is wot a colitrovcrsy for priil le. It is not even a controei ts , : 1 i; r rt v. We have concleded our iliberty :s to taxation as well as ex peiitire. We mye allow ei tle Costi i tin to be rampled uider fot; awl wen this ast great 0utrage oIcurred, it was plain that if thle North gpt the as eIdency as to the apllilratin of he Territories, it woul not be with is a geestiol of liberty, hut it would J0 a (iestio of (xistclcc. 'ihe aUutlh Inuust be fice, or the SuiithI Oust perish. That is her i I. f iy 'ther peolc, or any other inaii ipan earthis to contrl her- Asti lieS. She mi1uist he itted utiit fr Vhe ist of States. It is inl vail to !ok I- conei~iatiil (il the Iart 1 the North It is inl vain to) e.x! cet tl.at 1A V will stay tic r poic of sel'-a: naliz~ement. They y I auebt wot stop. The polley. vf th' is L~uon S undier the conitrolh of ANrhin n lulsil g tilei C1i 1 11 , the 'ih -Mil mloen a!t t a d iirth n i ests; m1. 1 inl u'sulig this eturseI tlicy \Vid ".nly auhat roba~y very othe:-peie 1uhl bi II, thle s s ie id n he S;-iae ti-ition, I do not Ltlin ioat ;hI ould not ivi r iue the sam-e cu: s ilsl. th 'n uli1h the N-u-i 'ms pusue Iimi hei aul 51 1 at i . 1 :1 C. . 1 i- II c une a SA mI- Lil; i 1 t h It ?CIi A.lla si I NA ( : n . " i .:. t 1.t r to a'v. ; : ev ' 1:.ir. A 1!ing ou i r ti . "x th i. to ' ull0 . Mi0 I 'C c: lw a :- %1 1 n: Ir ',h I the ;it I I ti 0 . t i h C I m iCst o1 . .A Cii 'CCC Ii s t m i t -In A rwh ~ u uh i~ .: u owia ,y: .i e-\lt ClC I 1i C, 1 I-:C sn!: ~ "A su~ , Ablo E. th C V, . I 11 : 1 L attitii -w vCuw i ,s t O 1.'-li: - lid I: h t Cb is a i . ( uil . 'll . I t n <a ( 1; .n h Lililien1 t Ci yt . II I .e I Ir~l - i t t::1 AJbCter A Miie r dic I C T. 1nu(cn o tle I it a . -- I t L teIC itst:.t I i::j.teilt--ln .r et. n r ifu thy wni it-I 'eti hi. nith I hii~tse ct-en 11r1 te sc-1 i C,a CLJ, ICC ,uI tl e. l i i at iss i i .Coh is. fo te mWt I . . Icjll[ Sn to hantwear ti~ that we i iu a mu tin boylight nisee rin tl1. i myi ni ,I Caynnictaii ulite it US; iet we uthie ithe liii the rica do0 n1,i ot m celISt.:l Eake pesson. Wit the, lmee orthe 10 ner, in m esitiife or thbeter lsa rth peolie to rere;ent th et tihe~ conseuencs. That ijustimy coun she has the righ t, what iatters it that inere brute power stands in the wa V? I am not to be deterred by the aveInuluiulation of 1rcO recently senit to the Uiited States forts in Charleston bay. No, sir; I needed aniythinig to insjire ne to march on, it wk.uld be that; because it 'proves that this Gover:;nmIit is prcpared to he a despotism-a tnilitary, coercive. blOody, despotisim-such as lately sutbjected lUnigary to Austria. III tl.at a.ttitute, :-o :iir fromn shriinkingr froinl the coitroversy, ny s.irjt rises hi iherc , t I,4 1i mo11 e10 p repa4red thani ever to ine. the colilliet, wlatver it nav be, and to carry-it on to the last. .lBut, sir., I will now eideAvor to show that tile thLatC of South :Caroli limt as aI light to Secede fromn this Union it she thinks lit. Tle right of Sceessiuli is hiot a righit derived "sow the Culisitutiu l o1f tlie ULnit'.i Statcs. I observed that ill Soile resolutions wiihJ were laid before us the other day, it was spoken of' s a right notE :aited Liv the ConastLuIjonI. Whv S:r, the right to hold legislative as senaiblies, aindt* taxing. Our people, aid all tle other -owers cFOr.ieCtedI witl a State goivei hlneit. existed be lore the COlIstittioln, and ar1e not) gnoilted L the CnstitutioiI of the Uited -taes. 'I le right Lu secede, like all these UOwers. is a itserved right. It is a ilecessary inwident coinected w ith tlie reserved sover eviItV of the dtates. Onie Etate C.)111i ut give to alother, aid the ColNSitlti.in could not give to th-e ltates, the liglt to secede. '.Lihey had it lre viottliy. The first qusutio1 1r Us to cuh.sider. is, were tie States Suveleigl ? ,Ithey were s8t Cyign, ih there anyithinlg inl the Coisth U, 6o e v t . I t: I s.r et-itlhe n t on is a com I'-acth e i thti. ii ::il if in, that C .i'Iunion there S i no ccion, Ite;ht soverecligty still exins. A!1ougi the ConsuiL1ja41 does hot, al'1ctid 1o, contiillil i y; 6 -jOf Id V8itV, yet it .iOtS hpot ill Sev 4.!al cliies. alil i 01i1 jai.ticularly, ths inetIy ,eeLi.:. it. .1 ;thiltil 21ow to th (x hu s. Colleviijilti trealsoi . IL rea.ds thu-s: T i a .: s U':|Salss~ I" A b t wj .r 1..:2 % :vh rla-'; , T k ni a vibto vf oural. A I. ?12 C ..I 0)':-.'i t tile It s f lilt. i.- 1elatiVe t') Prot e~ci-Iz,. T nI i.2ct--.1 a11.1 a. that t ie ds lo, all I treca 1 ' n21 of h.i st~L il-iancet. \ n . 11 4., 411 l.i, 1. SIf - t heI l'i e '1 a es - the t, I .,<11 A r illet OnIL le I~vf v lo-~il;' the a-e ti f *.i c. I u' the Stts. I iia aiut r .i or :e vil s ;v!'eaili ---- l t *s lea t hat ii r} St,110 e ll d i :- e 111 h l ce t:.i ;ioners t-> e Iec thenI . I :' . !S-1;L Li Ier- i t hi( ar he : t at i: a i bene thelVJl ereit br th e:. ('hleljisu'i, ifn din i aui-e ut hi"( ll' l thb e e ' il 211 blii .'lill l :plders.liy )1 Iei. tilnt re 2l'0illit c.no v-it' i ! el Cths iu eon. strtea-f li ng ;i:unt thle l'eiil to kie 1s whr \ii *dltlii 12a ( Irn er t i tie sover ili.litire itihulosa l the stlltlii are g hesck to thfe (T hlltitititil sonhcl e i iantte' arope nst tbeln, Thle Dee.laradtion of hinde1 enidence declares tle States to be free, sove reign and idependlent States. I have heard it said that that was a uniited declaration, and that, there fore, it only meant that the states were Bovercign and independent unli tedly. The State I represent did not wait 11r tle Declaration of lude pernlci('e to establish her independent existeice. Neither did the ieoi le of Virginia, nor the people of Nei Jelsey. in March, 177G, the Ieo pic of South Carolina set up for themselves a goveriment and a con stitution of their own. Pardon ie here, sir, if I digress anm state how they accoiplished it. They were not very scriupu.lols conceriing the voids traitois andu1 tmagogiues. They were intent upon thitigs, and did not fear the words rebel and traitor, when they were fuluinated againust them. Nut having aris, they de termined to se-izc twelve hundred nmiuskets from the Thitiish arsenal at nig"ht. It So hiappened that the very night they were to execute their inl tenitionl, they lieard the glot ious news of the battle of Lexington. You may easily imauine that it did Iot dispirit thein; but they imarched in upon the British garrison that ight, aMi seized tw elve himitlred muskets, n Open. ackntowledged let of treasont. They wtaited Jowder, andi seized a "overilutletit vessel conataitnilig it, l\ llg at :St. Auguiistinle, alpi suplied tlimlsevt s. A pr opo1 iti waade in thIteir self-constituted issetimbly, bay Arthur Middle:uni, to take the Irit ish Goverior, LAi William Camp bell, into custidv. It nas nearly carried; and the Govertior, findu g the cAony a had place to be inl, soop-ofi-war Tmier, thenl lying n1ith the Cherokee inl Clarleston hav. Our anceCstors were not satisfied to leave io there; they deterlm'ttilled to drive Lim amfl-the vessels wit of* the bay, at Ol they acconiinttgly orgtuiaizcd a Force to seize Art JF.lm tison. The 1-rit dlitary, secinlg t heir desgt, disimiounitted the gius and0 wett ot boantd the sloop-of war. The cannoIlnii w ere S0on rtutinitted. and a battery co.n1structed tle otherCOV side of tle bav, where Fort Miloiltrie nXow staids. They uie-oed a fire wt the 1hitish silil s, ai(d dh rove themli out of the bay. That w 1s the ny inl whilth they ot. rid laf tlle .II ifish g'ver.neit and Gvern or. They th einimt t, andl forn.e I a coA.Sitution, of, Ihich the prm1nle set forith theni wrloi gs awl r1]-ievances. 'Tlev ato hqtel tilis coi sfititioii on the 4th of March previ tis to tle -lth of July, wh. It the De ehuation rf indeptI ence was made w lit intot opointin, the first col stitiuti"1t ever. V frlmne.1 by a Free peo I !e f'.r ilt-elves since the Foumitia tioni of the wirbl. I t is very true that ill that constituti it is avowed as nieesaryv, hcaise his M31jesty's and tel' oar v, utilfi they sloul come~ ) back ag:aini: butl th lat n ~as in watrds Jacs I I, whoi, abh!ough dr'iv ent fromt the thrtine, was~ dle~hch to have abdicatedi it. It wa. ini fact. an asserti'.n andl establient of thir itndeend~~ iece oh thei Rihidsh thr1ne. V irgii a, also, in Junem., be lore the un1itedI Declarationt of Intde p.endence, dlechi-ed herself an inade jt'nden'ut Mte, antd adopted het Lill of ri uh:s. .Newi J ersey~ did the saite ont thle - ' of July, tuo d tays before the' getnral) Deearaden e1t t I tde1 en diCe, at at Se't lip a g v erniblltt of heri on i. 'Ihus, sir-, yiou see that, fromi thle ver foun~it datIion of our l!ietie is, the State's took inito their wnt hatnds the~ custodyi o f thir ownt right s, and uliinide themselves indepenCi dtlti. An noi11w, wiill any tman shw iC~e her. ini (ur subse1 uen1t history, these States have surr-endered a t:t the of s'ven-igt? Ini their lhst era~iI ti--t hey dist inc tly decl are that "eaeb State reserves itself its free din ut, sotveirinty andl independenitceC." Wer the v surtrenderedh hvy the exist inig conistit iutn V7iriina, fearful th at somWte uc false infeIcrencte iniiglit he drai iiwn, dieclaredl, in lhert ra tifica tiont ot' it, "'that the poer grantted un-i derf th con(i st it utin, -ii b ing deurived fromt th lieopl.' je cf the Un ti tedl St ates may bie resmnited by thetm whensoever the samie shall lie pterverted to their injurty Or oppression,"' ani that "ecve ry power' not giratnted thereby re mains with themn and of their will." New Yor ts ic ,imrid i;n he. ..ti ication; "6 that the powers of* goveIn ment may be resafted wheisoev er it shall be iaccessary to their happiness" and that "all powers riot delegated renaini with the people of the several States, or their respective State go. verinmeits." Rhode Island ratified the Constitution in the vcr v words used by New York. But it may be auswercd that the States, in ratifing the Constitution. had n1 right to put terms to it. It shows their understanding, how ever. But I will throw aside this view, and turn to the proceedings of the Con ven tion which formed the Constitu tion. There were two propositions which looked to distubing the States of their sovereignty: 'the one was to rmake a State atenable to the Su premne Court of' the Uiitcd States; the other %%as to give to the General Governmenit the power to coerce a State, should she Iesist the corstitu tional enactments of Congress. These propositions appeared in four different plaus, (indeed, I believe, in all of themt,) flor there were but four sub. itnitted to the convention. But what was the fate of these propositions? If either of then passed, it w as clear that the States would not b: sove reign, for the very essencc of sove reignuty is, its entire supremacy. Both of them were voted down after discussi.it, amd the States were left to be suitreim- to be sovereign with inl their limits. But, sir, the sovereignty of the States, and the consequent right of secession, results frui the nature ot' the Goverunett itself, independent of' the ratification of' the States or the rec' of' the coinvetion. We have had a str.ctco:uistrvuctin party in this ftlt ru-ntyi j l a~ and the basis of their creed is, the Constitution as it is, without construe titn. Thence it is, that they have denied the constitutionaliy of bariLs, internal improvements, and of vari Ous other prnjects which the oppo site party 1:ave atlitied to be conlsti tutional. Now, no one mill affirm that there is any express surrender of thvir Suvereiglty by the States ill the ConstitutiR . lhow, then, can the surretnder be claimed Y By con-. structioi-by inference. Was it ev er heard of' that nut only legislutive powers, but the very ctity, tie very lIfe of a State, can be taken from her by iifercece-by constructiot? And still more extraordiiary that a party, m hose creed is an abstinenice from all constructive pow 'ers, w%ho stickle at the power to make a bank or build a road, because the pow er is not I lain. ly granted oi the Face of the Consti tuutou, should by construction usurp the sovereignty of the States. And these call themselves Republicas Detmeei ats! To claim propel ty, or seize revenue by constructiun, is a g'russ outrage .n a man or a people; tbut to anniihilate- to kill either by an inf'en tial autlrity, and that, too. from themselves- is the elimacteric of' absurdtliy or01 wickednecss. Sir', thet e was on~ce a mn higly esteemt ed in the Union- more highly es teemed by the Republican h arty: he was its great pohitical father; and u heni the si iit of' construction and ty rainnyu threatened to strike down thliIibertyV of the press5 and the sover' eigntty of the States, his genius rose up w ith its clear' and mtasterly states miautship', anid rescued the Conistitu tionI at its last gasp. 'I hat mnan was Thomais J effersu. Tlhis authotrity now miay be v'ery) we'ak amongst the Fecderail Democrats anid D.emocra tic F'eder'alists, who now sway' public opiion; but once 'it stood against the world.' .lie wias the most skilful and onipotent l arty leader that has ever- giried and governed the coun eils of the country, save onei Andirew J ackson. B~oth ruleti absolutely; the one by his mild, chear' intellect; the ether', by his iron will. Mr. Jeffer son, in the Kentucky resohitiouis of' 17 0, distinctly lays downt the true pricile of the Governmniit and the rightis of' t he States. 'The first of' these i esolutionis is as follows: Resoi(/red, TIhat thte sever'al States (comii.o 1,j~iug the onted States of Ame rien ame no4 t untitedI ott the priinc'ipl dofu the unalimitedh submission to the Gen erial Giovluml~fent: butt that by a comn pat.t und~er' thle styleh and title of'a I.'oust it ut tin ter the United States, and of amiemutents thereto, they constit u tedl a ienieral Gov'enunont for special l'urpos -s, delegated to that Govern mient < crtain def'inite pow~er's, reserving ia -h State to itro'lf the residuary mnass of ri 'gh :o th'it '%wnt self-gnvernment erlimelt am s undelegatediier its ats in ( uillilutho itative Niid idit ot Io force; that to this compset C State t-Aed as it State, andlid i 1!T tegial party as co-Stales, formhitiaW itself' fite other >arty; that the 6xvhiK ietit created by this eoipayt Wktde It ilade the exciisive or finAil judget tie extent othe powe'rs delegatwt .to itself; e that would buCy i3nnie It dis-cretion. "I:il tant th6 Corfldltitit the inm-alire of its j owers; but thitj sAA inl all (aher Cases rf' 001nipatt Ifinoic' powers halvilig Ito commii1aon judgeypo0i party bus all equal light to judge ' itself, ats wlI of infiet ionis o mot de and ieasire ot redress Here, sir, iS tile sovereignti d the State vindicated, and d rr f State interposition or secession dis: tinetly affirmed. The States of;Viy' ginia and Kentucky, gnd the .hlp' reludblicniu party of that day, notih and south. supported thetis InyfaTU4 they became the acknow~ledgddOree1 - creed of the gretit mass of th&'pee pie of the whole Union, and foi reiu ty years nfter"wards made tho0'.esIJ dents of the United States. "E - sol ald Munroe, N ii~ tihna a ,.d lor, confessed theni; and i i at day inf'erior to none of them, -arose Johh Randolph. With a mind poii erful yet eccentric, as bright as -t was often vast, he stood, alone amongst men. Before his proud and blazing spirit, iln its fierce aridieen rencounters in debate. scarcely n man dared to stand. Like the siiod of Saladin, it could cut asunderj tlj Dushion of down, or cleave .thee - met of his adversary. Ie ;sp'ke -a" like no1 other mrn-often. strange, yet oftener with the deepest know-# fdge of men, and with a probbtia wi[dom in affairs of Stalo.:. fick and- -amost~ z fi I was one long disease -e was a ie in his retirement by General Wjack ,on's proclamation. It was said be written by Mr. Livingston,'form. -rly a republican, but who now in this proclamation, surpassed Alexan ier HIamilton himself in his consoh lation doctrines. But a fow years befure, le had dehvered a speecWon Foote's resolution in the Senato,-and Irew forth the commendation of M& Jefferson for the sound State-i" t4 principles it contained and defeife4 Join Randolph remained unchainged a1 his political principles- unchanged A his allegiance to Virginia. 0ne 1ttended a public meeting-in-the olunty of Charlotte, and, although Liable to stand, addressed the.peoj ple from his chair, and uffered-the [ollowing resolutions SRcsolred, That Virginia is fati iligt to be, a fee, !oveI'eign, and ind6: iendent St ate; thalt ihe becane so by lier ,wit stparate art, which has since bIeln leo agniised ay tile civilized worLd, ild ha1ls n'ever beel disavowved, ietrae' 1 or i iany wise impaired or keulicaed byN an11y slibsetu Ielt aticit of hers, 1eso/ed, That will f0 purpoea t ctimon defence and common wei. Ihre, Virgilnia entered into a strie4 iltiue 4t amlity anld allianceo with,"thd .her t welve eilunies of iti Ngrth A meIiiti, she pm ted t wit o porwo& 'i ler' nor'ere'in/g, alttougi, frotrgthe ratcssity of ith cia se, Ite aulthority -to tentree obiedienc(e thtertto was1 inl cerfpitu iase's. aind ihr' certin purlposes, delega' Itd to thei coninnon~il ag'ents of the. wholo Reore/ Thait~ Tirginlia has neyer' 1101' it thwigt to recall tijezur Men ticeei no ith the igtt dg ft' h le .s..inc io sneh caus, amito' secrede friom the ConfetLderacyv whenso evetr sheit. shiall find the leti fts of uni iton e.icee'de'd hv' its evi~'ls; 111 unin)elflg thle meaniils of t'eurngibrty alidlulp 'Rieso/,,ed, hat the allegianice of' nd peid'iie of Virgiia is duei to her' that ihiemi sihe owes protectioni against ~ie conllequaences of suc(h obeienaeo, hiat I have anlother' authority, widh wiith tihe genatleana fiom.Mississisippi, l innt surie, wvill haive 1no light considwr ation11. 5ir, 1for his sake, anxiouUsgsf am11 thalt even he should belicyd tfe' tuth, 1 will ret'e.i himf to thu liato Ven eraleh editor of' the LUion. Ilowcar - muh'l I may havo dissented *Irgp: ide genltlemanil ini his latecorenit Sen.altor's comiprondise, I respoot him; I am11 gr'atefulh to iml.aIs the editor ftle RlichmonQd Enqndrer, 43or fifty' '$ars' hie iln that ,aper .maintained the~sover eignilty of ,.the ~$tes, and .kept'y fires of repulhicamlism burnmng o onl my laat, buitwhich, I am s to be stronger than a ~~oUI~ Ji4lffrson tay,bo wrong~il