Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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' ) rj: aa14" ,,,,,,, W 1 L L E .9 S 0 C. f N 0 V iEJ Ye !"ws ..+ir.+nem+rts uuw" POLIT-I CAL, fl frdtn Mr."Cthoun's 3obk on 'Goircrnaantj .When the Goyeriin~it of the UnitedI, States was established, the two' sections were nearly e1tnal k qspeet to the. two eleients of 1 5eoi0 pos'd; a fact which, uultless, . hadl miuchi inlinen~ce,, ihtetermining the Convention to su1FlW them as the' basis of its Cisteetion. Since then, their egnality in reference to both, has bc:i destroyed, imainily thrcuylh the actton of.the Government estahlished f*r their mutual benefit. The first stcfi towards it -occurred undier the old. C6ngress of the confederation. I was among its lost acts. It took place while the Convuntinn, which fVrred the present Cunstitution and Ot'C irncnt, was in session anl may t regarled as contemphoranconls W ith it. I refer to the ordinance of .i787, hliich, among other things, contained ap'rovision excidiiing slavery froTi the Nort~ih-Western Territory; that is, from the whole region lying between the Ohio and Mississippi livers. The eflfect of this was, to restrict the SoutIgrn States, in that quarter, to the country lying South of it; and to txtealw the Northern over the whol3 of thtit "rent andi fertile region. It rs literally to restrict the one and extend the ether; for the whole ter. itory belonged to Virginia, the leading State of the forier section. She, with a disinterested patriotism rosely eqialled, ceded the ,\ hne, gratuitons'i , to the U iatii with the gezeption of a very liiited portion, reserved for the payment dot' her officers and soldiers, for services rendered in th" wur of the revolution. tre talenit - ' iVlr.\ 'N gin' 1tive ~Is:LVC8. :t is probable that there was an n 'dersariding among the piarties, tht j* siaould be inse' ted inI bothl Instruments; as tisold Congress ;and the Convention were then in sessioni in 'theosame place; and that it c*,n tributed much to induce the Southern mnewhers of the forer to agree to the ordinance. lint he this as it may, both, in practice, have tuirnael out equially worthless. Neither have, for many years, been respected. Indeed, the act itself was lmauthor iZvd The articles of contederation conferred not a shadow of authority On Congress to pass the ordinance -as is admitted by Mr. Madison; and yet this unauthorized, one-sided net (as it has turned out to be,) passed in the last moments cf the old confederacy. was relied on, as a precedent, for excluding the South from two-thirds of the territory acquired from Fiance by the Louisiana treaty, and the whole of the Oregon territory; and is now relied on to justify her excluusion from all the territory acquired by the Mexican war-anid all thatm may be ncquircd- in any manner, hereafter. The territory1 from uichich shea has. ailrealdy' lieen e.reludedl, hian haid the r g'ct to~ destroy the cvpt ililiriumi le. twecen the sectio"ns as it oritqinif/q atoodi; andlI to concent rate, petr. tnanen tly, in the Northern sect iona the two niaioritien :/f aelichl the Gov'ernment 'f/he Uniteid ,States is fQrnposed. ;Sh/ould s/he e.reludedl fr/s te territory acir~ed fromi Me.rceo, it wiltl/ Ii lio th.aorthern tates a overw/celin g prepon ' deranee in the Governmnt. 'LItthe t'neantimne, the spirit of fa-. uipticismi, which had been long lyiing dormant, was roused into action by the course of the Government-as been explained. It aims, openly and directly, at destroying the existing relations between the races in the 0onmthern section; on which decpendl its peace, prosperity anid safety. To efict this, exchusion from the tor. ritories is an importahit step, and, bence, .the union between 'the gbolitionits and the advocates of ex. chusion, to'effect objects so intimately .- All this has brought about a state of things hostile to the continuance of' the Union, and the duration of the OGornment. .Alienation is sucecee -dmlig to. attachmrenit, and hostile feelings - to alieflation; andi th~oe ji) tut1), will be followedi by revolutmin or a disruption of the IUtion, unless timely prevented. - lut thie Cannot bse done he' restii t ic cno..~.....a to its federal character; however necessary that may be as a first step. T\hat has been done cannot bh tindone. The equilibrium be. tweei the two sctionis has been permanently dest royed by the tiens tires above stated. The Northern section, in conscrifence, will ever concentrate withii itself the two ma joritics of which the Government is comnposed; and should the Southern be exclded from all tertitorics, now aequired. or to be hereafter acquired, it will soon have so decided a pre pondernce in the Government ati the Union, as to be table to mould the C''nstitutit n to its pleasure. .bgainust this, the restoration of the federal ebaracter of the Governent ean furilish nio r10leldy. So l(ng as it cnltilln(s, there can le no s:afety for the weaker ci'tioni. It inces in, the hanis of the str n ger and hostile section, the power to crush her :Inl her biiititutitlls; and leaves he:- no :alternative, but to resist, or sink down into a colonial condition. This iust be the consequence, if some eli'cetual and appropilate remledy be not applied. 'The nature of the disease is sueh, that noiithin g can reach it, short of some orgalie cbange-a ciange whieb s;hall so m oldify the Ctfn stitutiton, as to give to the weaker section, in some one form or another, a negative on the action of the Gov. ernmienlt. Nouthing short of, tis canl protect the weaker, and restore hnrmiiony' and trainiJility to the U'lin.il, liv arresting, eflcetually, the tendenricy ofI the dominttanlt and stronger ('t'setin to 0) ol'ress the weaker". When the C nlstitultionl was forned, aid the iir:-csiol was strongbat thle terltlenecy to conflict '1ubl. bie be lteel line lI iti!stake': nlmll til t, instead of being, as wan thell rui-'sed, the ('oiflict is betweei the two great sectli ne, wh ich areu so stronugly istingulishedi Iy their institutions, gc~1nra hical charneter, prodcetinilis and11 plilits. Mad this been then as e(arly p er eeived as it now is, the 'same jeallm sy wh ilb s S i i antly watched against the <hoger of thie lar::(er States oplressing the smlller. would have taken qliual 1rcaution to guard ain fhit tel! sanne danger he tween) the two sections . It is i.,r' us, who see :nd fiel it, to to, nlat tile fratners of the ('oustitutioll wohll i have ite, I.al ther prosssed the knanledge, in this rest'ect, a hib exl.eriellce has givc4 us; that is, provide ag:linst the danlgers whtich the s'stem h 1s plticailly developed -anl which, inhd th ev beetn fILor'eseen at the timhe, :nd1 left nithout gluard, woul1 uublteltl ave It 11 1revenlted the siates, nsoit the Sthle oij'rn Section of tle ctonltfe cracy, frtot m ever a.reing to the Constitutii: ventd wich, tunder like S cirustance1 spreciaeont th nid leeng it, at hes theJ'sowd the' ctttion, illh tie t ahproveilldiso as to elg th libe', fmined bhy the11 miCnding law'e. ( lt maygil be don21tetin i vmi tIIusi wi at tiemon'g I otes, iti nigh(t tie ellet'd thoughl ae re-traizalltio of te ex. catite department;t that iits powers.V istead~lo I~il of bengv te.~ Is te non~, are, in'i to sing tle 1te, sho l te vesteineto;-to1 ie eectii, as thatkthe-two sht te oti tt te seital oansan reprsenties ofg iidthe eectve secinsin th ex.t entiendeartmfet o 2fliibith lie' mihtile cargead wmithi theamis by its faihire, done much to disturb the whiole system, and to bring about the >resent dangerous state of things. t1aul eed, it mayi he doubted. whether the framers of the constitu tion did not commit a great mistake, im constituting.a single instead of a plural executive. Nav, it may even be doubted whether a single chief magistrate-invested with all the powers j'ro1 "fly applertaining to the executitive Jepait ineint of the Gov ernment, as is tie Preskimc:t-- is coIL 1,atiblc with the permanence (f a popular g verriiiuent; esifecially in a wealthy and pro uh us comnnunity, with1 a large revenue and a numerous tolv f lleers i and emp lovees. ('ertain it is, that there is 110 instiance of a pop uh- gier1ni'11ment so colstituI ted, whichl hs 11n1; edulred. Fven (iluis, thius fi r, fudisbCS 11o Cvidences in its Favor. and not a little againtst it; foi, to it. the preIs'nt disturbel andi Sdangero:s sate of ti:ings, wlichi thlrtencs the country w;ith mo1rnar~chy, or disunion, may be .justly attributed. On, the other hanl, the two most dis tinguished conistitutional governnents of antiotuity, bo0th1 inl ICspcct to per manllece ad power, had a dual ex. ecentive. I refer to these of s1 arta adl of 1.me. The foruer had two hereditarv, and the latter two elece. tive chif ni gistrates. It is true, that lIgliali frin w"hich ours, inl this respect, is crpied. has a singie hercilitary ha ad of the executive de. pa tun-it (f her government: hut it is not less trile, that She has h~al ma. iy' and1 a14dus struggcs, to prevent her chief mnagistrate fromu becoiig b ,lute; :d that, to guard a1g .a I it Cilcetual y, she was finally com. Felled to divest him, substantially, of the lower of allninistering the gov -nin111ent, by t aife rrin it,pa c ct, .t sp rCtial ;-L d_ " 1 r':!'.I.1t:c c i i l, t i Ey a1 n.a~i.ity 1f the two houses (f P linn ilit. Heit has tinis aviidi-d the lage. (r.f the chi'f nagistrate heen' :ili ng absolut e; aw1 contrived to Lu.ite ; sulel antilally, a silgle witi a 1i1-ali executive, in cilistitutin that dep aitnient of her go(ver'nment We have IO stuchI g:anl. an11 can have iolie Such, wi:huiiut anl entire ebianige iml the ciha'acter of, our gover'ninen? 10t; andi her exilunplle tof Course, filrniishes n1o evid'n e('e inl favor (if a singl. chefmaisraein ai pioputlar f'rmi (of ;"venonilent lih, (,str,--nhbile the ex ai llsoffn - timecs, atol our11 own1l thius lia:, fun,h stron ig eviiid ce a muIst it. ('xec'tu 'le Ice''u-rill' le:is to int ri''m' an.l 'ief niiri :ilung,11_ its iletbers; awl that it i1 inconsis;tent nith llllompti andI elulent ac'tionl. TIs iav he trute, wh nc1 they are all electe~d h'v the s met. c5olIstitlleiev ald u - li a g"1d r'al n, nh: it this is the case, f' r i ref'r ring a: single Ce. eutive, w1 ith aui uis o.j c;in , t , a ih:ral 'xecu t '. Il;ut the cal' IS ver' dhth''erent n hire they are eleiI- < hutrn hiols. iteests ;'%asnju t ,e e lw-' -i-iu e i i l ti lt' u le cinsidnuill. toer th1 t, ; n latI lo- to iiac' st oper i of iii~ then~- gi ju0 ltStl I 1Woub l I '4, t' re-ainll t it th un asi the a(ninistratin :1 11 h 'il nerei eIterned.iand 1in;k the f,n a tgolihmiisur 'ibarn-nad coilu~t o im. tween the two iie atc'in awlt, nithe themi h gov ernment o h~~ t.w o-<ru as nally intended to be, a blessing t aill. " Such is the disease"-ana sucl the character of the only remedy which can reach it. In conclusion there remains to be coIsidered, th< practical questiron,--Shall it be ap plied .' Shall the only power nhie can apply-it be iiivoked. for the pur pose? "'The responsibility of answering this solenn question, rests on the States composing the stronger sec on. Thase of the weaker are in l mTinority. bo:h of the States. and 01 poiilation; and, of consequence, in every department of the government. 'I'he, then. cannot he responsible for an act which requires the concur rcnco of two thirls of both houses of Congiress, or two thirds of the State to originate, ann, three-fourths of the latter to cnrnl:::te. With such dlilliculties in the ir way", the States of the weaker section can do tnothing, however disposedh, to s.ave the Union and the government, iithout the aid co-operation of the States composing the stronger section: but with their aid and c'operation both may be saved. On the latter, therefo-re, rests the responsibility of invoking th high power which algne can apply the remedy; and, if to do so, of aill the consequences which may follow.' The lt'%itI in XKotha Carolisn. We have looked with some atten tion at the speculatioin of Northern papers on the recent election in South Carolina. We find that they gerer, aily regaer it as the end of Southern esistance to the u " pronise, and, in fact, as a fina l of th right of seccssionl. 11 prictic'a resistance to Feder; 'tion. All tis is a mistake. a very . .I ;ie';wcre W ever satisfiedl that it wa5 s e r: A y It,leed, we have at no time expectet a diss'hitioni of the Unio'n to resul from the Com promise, although n'a think that measure wouhil have justi fled it. We stppEsed that if tw, mot ire Souther:, States had declares their determinati .n to secede unles the (opArotmi. e wan abandoned, Ill the territorial righ t' of the South rc spected, that the Fede'ral Govern ment would have recededl. Amd wa think tihe South i:as ciomnittel an in retrieveab!e l.uaietr in int mn:kin-' that iss3e. As fir South C:rolitna her" position remllains w idelv d cifferenr from that of the other Southcri ' i Si3 ahe it ,'ill lediged to so lssioni ub1'1S the (C''ta! ti r iaise er ihnres, lbut resc e , . to eself' the dic termi:Iation <c-t tih tithe :all mande it futur e, but is l ea ;y to act w heneve the C olcra:i a o; au:her State i Thus, tne State (f the Ui ha en thoroulyli :ti- :tdl, and ver p''werftil tinit-ritis ill several ot hers A.t.l m.any of t' .- Li u .thiern State profess5 to be reade'lit'o a iirupttia it is ti dh-i.h int ret.eit wha t we hav ten sidi5 ( ' rtiialy in'wi 'afte vey ittle con i~ne tin t ese dtiirli ch-#'i tflly, liyally'. there( is little ret s hi tia e.;-cet ristattice itn lialf a (di z'-'t supab~~~~ile' caes of' ar' inferij e r til v. i'it the( tt~ist uthfi rat'result a petndenace to e':ietate t.he viate oa the 1'iatn, nit itnly fiiiatncially, hiu thira i ic'nvitions. hi I art i s~i no pred.taninant itn anyi State i u't Soiutl C.'aiilinia. Lhit it is titih moret paow (trflthn fay iof toe partties was on iginally that nieerteda what are tto% aftl ti ereI' at. thi beagitniitg (altu that ly :tlht a<ihteen or' twentt y'ears aga,) much'l less supporttedi h tmatkable( that they~ a migina teal itn thi veryV't rei n, andl amOni the very~ sor of1 ment who niew asset the rights (i die Souith., And it is remiarkabbl that they were then dlenouncedl ba the very samte mn thlllat' rhow fore motst in denouncing thle prst ne~ sr't ion of' S'utherna sights~, atndd nounsed in' almost tho same words. Why,when theemoal of-the de prsits was nude from :the United States Bank, and also when the Go vernncuat was finally divorced from all banks, there were - denunciations of ruin and desolation' quite equal to what we are now told would be sure to happen if the Union were dissolr ed., Nay, those measures were dis tinctly pronounced to be revelutiona ry. Mr. Clay said we were in the milst of a revoltion -bloodless as yet. So that is no new thing for Mr. Clay to use yinlent language, and to indulge in extravagant predictions of the cnseqncces of disregirding his plans; but it would be rather new for his prophecies to be fulfilled. Mr. Webster told us also onrthat occasion, as an excuse for making dt pceh in Baltimore on Sumndiy, that there wtere no Sabbaths in revolutionary ;imes. And he evidently thinks that there would lie no Sabbaths if the Union were dissolved. If, thercfore, we judge the future from the last, and consider the many analogies that present themselves, we have no room for discour~agement. The sentiments of the State Rights party is neither transient nor trivial. On the contra ry, recent and coming events will de vclope its necessity. Aflter the perpetration of such a deed as the compromise, the standard of public morality must fall so low as to invite other attempts of a similar character. To nerptiesee in the com promise, is to acquiesce in a princi plc and lrecedent pregnant with ev. ery enormity, and threatening every interest. It will whet the appetite tor spoils to such a voracity, that the robbers themclvc will fall out and . ti cne another. Already is distinctly visible. We }4. i ed for 't distribu ion or the public lands to actual ~ttlc's: and this roli cy has t lsen'saa4f 4v Mg, :Web t ater. This will destroy t *. V lthe puddlic domain; and although its worst eflectk will be. visited on the South, it is also an act of spoliation I on the sea-board 'States of the North. But whatever may' cotne-whether I the decline and fill 'f the Union can he averted, or "ether it proceed with a slow or rapii progress-it is the duty and interest of all who have principle and pro'per,ty, to resist and retard its abuses. 'T'he pursuit of an honest policy, and its vindication by t such abilities as the Southern party I os.ssss, will always exert a poten tial effect on public aflitirs. The change of a few tiiousntid votes in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, will bring them all to the side of South Carolina, to ctler with Flori 3 tia. Texas, and Arkansas. And whten, these States make an honest dcmattnd of the Fedbral Government, that denatl v. ill b respected. As Fur the labor antia time which the a struggle will reutnpre, they are the 1 rince ib must (dlways be paid fo: the atl anuunentt Ir prteervation of righats, a nd are no~ too) high a price. nite men may fainmt by the wayside, or sink do~wn in si~ llen despair,'or go over to the enemy4 But wo have an imexhtaustible supi ly of recruits in -the yonog fien off the South, who are t genera'dlly taking ibhe right side. , Jher isa ver; wide spread con - ttitin at the 8athtl of the necessity - of' doing somneti gr to' reserve andl restoro lier fort es. bome are for commecine anufacturing move mnt'ts--others- for tcrritorial nequisi. - t in- for 'uba and for the Sier ra IMadre. )'e shall have occasion, -from !itie 1to thnie, to examine these plansht. I~e erhaps it is not unfavorable tm ht a variiety is proposed. TIhey enlist a jgr-eater num ber of minds in a commotnn object, alnd' prepare themt tto adoj 't finally that which argument aand e enta shalh demonstrate to he -the m ait efkeetual.-Southiern P'ress8. InItrereaiurse with persons of' deci d~ed virtue andl excellence is of' great imo rtanetto in the formation of a Id c~l haracter. The force of exanm pla is powerful ;we are creatures of' in'utationi, and(, b~y a ne~ces.sary iniflu eeour tempers and habits are yerv m'lc formedl on the model of' hose with whom we familiarly asso r eate. A Two new papers have been estab. liushtd in Mexico--one to advocate,. .the othe topoth in anpen. sibilit y, in regard ty yuroj sustaining your, deterwh, tl throw it away. 3 it , r} a nian's own conScieneohjx 66som are Iris best monto i not advise, but inder-. hb ei and unprovoked personal ' have offered Mr. Clay, I eann a. suade. I feel bound,. home s communicate to Col l'attn d ec ision . ' - o m o ;t lebgged me not? to d0 sail 'he was vry inph auc n T attnalwould take the s u ' fuse to go out with him. u however, sought (C41 and we repaired I about at Mr. Rahdo lh's lodgings, i . found readmg ilton's g For some moments hp -did nit us to say one word itela the approaching duel; and in commenced one of those citicisins on a passage of th which he was wont so enth to iidulge, After a Tattnall remarkedt 'Mr. Randolph, I am 14pd deterinined not to retuirn Mr fire; I must say to ycu. my if I am only to go out to see down, you must fin4 go friend.',.,.,. f3 Mr. Randolph remarked -'#b was his determination. After some conversati sulject, I induced Col., allow Mr. Randolph tota cueas his. withdrawal, his friends, might lead to y ous misconstructions. At Randolph, smilingly, S A Well, T'attnall I pmWise - thingeifh e . devl Ij_ dyej nd that n i malaco -- ho eanaQ .take my 1iC.'i . ebanggey'mind.' A.remark I nto ^ p 3 n~.1tsattihj ro tie : F fort r I nee-r l so deeply a .jnst setting behirn Randolph's own were two of the r men our counti } had produced, a tal combm t, Whi _ loading auidolph's p f proached ny friend as r for the las time, I took - there w'as taf i to ipl - in of o -= t me attct. -4.f- T -'Clayris I holdily t event; r e- E - s On han ing bin hs alt~ r sprang'th hanir tri a dolph sa~I: - est shots in Virginia~) -the hair tnigget-; thicbuckskin glove p destothe delianay of n the trigger maf Jti 4E1u~from his y'ce t liiifriend Tattnall Shairing thi trigger - offbefore the wori1 down. 'IThe momient this 'General Jessup,MrA o called out thathe ' ae the ground wit that occurrodagm once exclaimed it an~begged that the~ 'a be allowed to go'enn - a being given, 'Mr. out effect, Mr. his l istol in their ~'Mr. Clay saw thai" had thrown mey --I gush of sensibiflZ ' proached Mr. w ith an emnotioii 'i trust in are umtouchot& r'ed, tiu1d for a thousand w L%1 q/'JAando momidg )irect TratdO..Sout3:erua Iasde. As a step towards the social ani political indepeidence of the South a direct trade wyith, the consumers pi our produce is that to which ou attention and energies should bt devoted. We see no reason wh% Southern Ct.ttou and Rice should be sulbjectel to heavy tolls by bciin first shipped to New-York and Liv orpool, to be consumed elscwhere. And yet, thousands of bales of Cot ton, and any gnantity of Ilice, are now shipped first to New-York, thence to Liverpool, and thence tc the consumers of Europe. - At each removal, the ship-owners must be paid at our eCxperise. The wharf owners, commission merchants, and speculators in New-York and Liver pool, must have profits, and all these fall on the producer. The returns too awee. madte to us in the same round. about way. Tea from China proba. bly purchased our exports, come to (as throug'i New-York or Boston, and there pay profits and expenses. Ja va Coffee must needs leave Amster dam, for Liverpnol, and finally reach us though New-York, with all the accumulated. expenses and Profits, which go into the pockets of British and Northern ship-owners and mer chants. Thus, hi a hundred wav we contribute to our own impoverish ment, ant without an efforito' reme, dy the matter, we pour out our wail ings and complaints over our hopeless depepdency. - It - becomes us tc strike for independence, political, social, and commercial. The first without the last two would not be worth a fig. We would still be the same overseers-to the merchants and ship-owners of the North, We arU glad to learn that efforts are bholo mtrado to nuL an end to thil afe of dendence. I on 4 C'onsil it city w at Anstcr terest of three to 'IIollander" lave an' ping which carry at a lot freight.-Amsterdam commant trade, requiring thousands of bales o Cotton, and a considerable quantit of Rice. And vet, with all be facilities, articles go to iar thoug New-York and Liverpool. The object of Mr. Baylor, we ur derstandl, is to secure reliabe coi respondents in Charleston and othe Southern ports; the merchants, o: the other side, being willing to ac vance all the capital that may b necessary; and to establish a line c packets, or even of steamships, fo the purposes of this direct trade. We heartily wish success to the es terprise. If rightly managed; i must tend greatly to our advanct ment, and enable Charleston to b< come, as she should be, the grea centre of supply for thle inmerou articles which are purchased by ou expor':s. ISome of our houses her alrecady iirport direct tihe Rio an Cubad Coffee nlecessary to our mnarkei We see no reason uhy Jav-a Coffet also, should not be so imported. And though we may not yet be aid to supply the demands at Amste: dam for Cotton yarns, we may i least send them the Cotton and'.Ric they con~su:ne, without subjecting . to thle heavy expenses consequer upon~i a passage via New-York an RanlU('lp)i'4 D)uel wiils Clay. The night before the duel, Mr Randolph sent for me. I found hiir calm, but in a singularly kind an, confiding mood, ie told me that h had something on his mind to tell me ie then remarked: '1Hamnilton, 1 have dletermin'edl t receivo, without returning Clay' fire: nothing shall induce me to harm a hair of his head; I will not malk his wife a widow, or his children 01 phanas. Their tears would bo she< over his grave; but when the soil e V'irginia rests enI myi bosom, therei niot in this wide world one lividua to pay this tribute uiponi mote.' li s eyes filled, and, resting hi head upon his hiandl, we remaine< sometime silent. I replied: 'My de ar friend,' (for ogra was sort or posthumous fricn'a(shlp, he qujmeathed by our mothiers,) 'I deep lyjregret tat you have melntionet Aid~aujec tomd; for you call upoi me to go to the field and sde yI)I hot down., or to assume the rcspnr