The Sumter banner. (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, November 11, 1851, Image 1
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8 , a.lost acfq., It tgck_
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Y 4 r ;; i 'the ordmar to of:17i '7"l
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>' j7 { ,," ! 1Vf"J t of V t ~'aO t tiC8tr31rL t c
iypikvn fb outh ofv;",ansl-lo
fib,, OR hern"ever the" 10ho1e
ea ihn( tcoi tilc ro#pff <<;yfit
t fo other, for ti1C,, =
4"rs" r* _,'' toftgeli ; to- Nil nih, the
the " forijif seti tcwc
rF, i?}tf;:a tigiiterestCl patriotistn j
tt : _' _1' c dt{'t t 10. Thole
the
ie p i pt? f;1or.
ers sdrrk
'' tit . . " 1-i # a
as, ,an,- 11T,
., F ,' : !h '' t ppeat o i tho pi rties that
.. :. t i : a; tl eli _ 'on prSs3111 (1
r~ $ 4 t eirlaoh+.'. erb tliei'v In msession
, lick; n(1 (linvlt
. ;}Q ii4t ' " tK. Llti ,'n
01.6 r.former, q.:.norco , to
'' ". t finance: ' :Ilit 'boL: this' as it
_ Lh ,1 Srnetic 1Tat'd' tlirn d
i ". 5 t,, v . *t
nYVA O.i P.PCn re$p vtci1r
fldeod .the act'itself:"was':unautlor.
.:1 Jic '-arltcl gt' f t:un'1'c:clorntidn
;;#1 t rl'o'i ,( $ tiIow o auth r t
St 4 to p si the ordinance
s '1s dndttted ,<tiy Mr.:' Madison';
" tfi thfs tiiitttltbt izr. i, Y ono-sided
+ ; ; a.4 *t 11aa'; turn 41;''.ou z.to,.be )
Tx T"B Qug t 1 ie last motiic lls,;, f the
dcitraC . was" relied -on as to
ceUen for -excluding " the, South
-r t 1'tnb" ltiras? 'off the territory
rpnce.,rS "byl t1he
{ , o.u l n strcaty, sand 'tlto - 'whole !:of
the 4 e"on territory; and is now
Fklt 9 rrt: cmar ccr;, ,JtQWQ%~oz
nedossaw;gthateirnagta b .a first
toJ' %W'hittfiigr been" di ne annot
"ifft]ifts; o .' figgiglibrit' be.
oen tho'wo secuotis 'on)jas icon
peiinanertIlbdestrye:ib.y. th.te 6as
uh;azboven :stautedl-' The'K orthern
;c tig jj idunfis iict, N-ll cute
oneentratait iQlf the two ma.
e~l fdjyb ,".Qu:!!) tlGVernreetnt i
Qmposod;4and sho a1 the Southeni,
6'ixexitlcd'frotiv idell -triitoriesn plew
huit or tdUi he hftbri iquired
Wi I O M 414. >e do eicdedl.a
akrance in they Government anrd
he Unioirnas to, be able to :mould
ho: Constuntiot to its T'leasure.
1gainst this, the restoration of the
ederaI cbaracter of tho: Government
att furnish ino'rened v.- So long as
t continues therdeCn be no safety
. the 2 waker section. It 'places
itl o .hands of the strcnger and
ostile section, the.: power to crush
LeTr n Jl herhinstitutions; -and leaves
a nriiitive but to" resist, or
ink dQ\u, 1to9 colonial congition.
lits imust .bo ;the 'consequenceo,.if
oine cffecturil and appropriato
eind lyhe' n tpld,
,the nty p~ tlosc tsease is sgeh,
hat nothing can reach it, short of
om-obrgand chinge .a, a change
flith _8sha;ll-8-s6i odify the' Con
ftyutLn,.t$199 gkvo to the wenkor
ection,- in some-one form or another,
negativo on, thonction of the Gov.
rnment. Nothing short of this can
roteet.? the 'weaker," and restore
tun:\v " d tranquility to the
oli y ar sfing, efleettilly, tlie
endency of,, the. dominant and
tronger' section. to oppress . the
x6nker. When, the Cons itution
inetiinit ' tinpression was
istLlenil Jei to . oQFiit
mnista e; -ad thint, instead "of being,
vs Sr thoiyh 'supposbd, the conflict
is ieeen .1ie . two. great sections,
wlhichanre- so strongly distinguished
by their 'institutions, geographical
dharabier i-odiuctions and pursuits.
ital this beens then as clearly per
qgived as., it. now is, the san
jealousy .whih so vigilantly watched
ngainst the danger of the larger
States oppressing the smaller, woukl
have taken. equal precaution tc
guard against the same danger be
tween the two sections. It is fo
us, who see and feel it, to do, what
tle frani-s of the Constitution wouhl
have done, t:ad - they possessed the
knowledgen- this rsripect,. whicb
espyriencoh 'as gives us; that is
provide against the dangers which
the system has practically developed
--ritid which, had they been forescer
adh'e tune, and left without guard
would undoubtedly hav prevented
the States, forming I Southerr
section of the confederacy, froir
ever Agreeing to the Constitution:
adwhich, under like circumstances
were they niow out of, would for evel
prevent them from entering into, th<
Union.'
'IIowv;tlhe constitution could hecs
be modified, so as to eff'ect the object
qan only be authoritatively deter
mined by the amecnding .power. Il
may "be done in vanouos ways
Athong others, it might be effectei
through a re-organization of the ex
pautive department; so that its powers
instead 'of- being vested, as they nov
arfna single officer, should hb
vested in two;-to be so elected, a
that tho two should be constituted the
s pechad organs ansd representatives o
th'a'resjictive sections, in the ex
ceutivo *epartment of the gov
ernent;. pad requiring each t<
approve all the-acts of Congress be
for' they shall become laws. On
i~lht be charged with the adin
istration of matters connected with
tho foreign relations of the country3
and. tho other, of sneh as wert
connuectod with its domestic institu
tiotis;the selection to bo decided ha
lot. It would thus efl'eet, morn
s'unily, Avhat was intended by th<
mrgmnal -provisions of the constitution
frpida a a docide
epllege,--and aort
$$ re *o, ' Qio in thu
hUe colleg
fledi to-dl Ohce t. It -wn
dodgeotaeqi ilibrium be
mi this d6Partment. hat 'which
in practice, has enttirel tilpd; and
.9
bt ai fazl~u , toxntvaoh to fisturbi
uho iwhioleos atme' and lto ;bri bout
thes eptlei ie'uns t0 Eeoft .
t odilid bot e. mmi ta great istake,
i constitdtit ainijde. iitead1 oi''a
,oultcd ihelnr a sir1e ,chief
sagistrato-.nvested with alle the
powerv f nyt ilgithe
c tl e Alq 1 rimefit of the,. Gov.
t6nj ;s trresidentis con
faI hIkvitl the permanence of a
popular gove tent; especially in1 a
wepithy and popileus nthmittnity,
withi arge revenie and a numerous
heoy. of officers and employees.
Certain it.is, that there'is no istantice
of a poytlai goernmint so conistitu
ted, yhich lins long cnduk. Even:
ours, thus far, furnishes ino.eidthces
in its fa-or, andinotea little'agani st it;
or ,to it, thep resnt/ disturbod and
dhnderb itnte of tings1 .wrhic
threatens the countrywith monarchy,
or disumion, may be justly attributed.
On the othe' hand, tiie- t onidsk dis
tinguished'cristituttiomii genpients
of antiquity, both in respect to per
manenco and power, had- a dual ex.
ecutivo. I refr to-those of'Shita
'nnd of Koine I Tie former tad' two
hereditary,npd, the latter two-elec
tive chief nagistratcs; It: is -true,
that :England ,from "which -ours, in
this respect , ig piedd iuis ..a ingle
horeditary head of the executive-de
.partmrnt of..her government; bhut it
is not less' true, that'she has htidma
ny' and arduotisatru r eff#o provent
her lhief- hintgiaeto freml, eicornimi
absolute;. acin;atto-guard againet
it effectually, 1o0-. avas -fite'ly com.
:tled tol divest h6"n-_ t nfifly oif
the ioweyrof. U{lniutering :i o0-.
, ce' i es. Rupplorte(
y unn.njority of the two houses of
Parliament. She has thus avoided
the danger of the chief magistrate
hecnmingt absolute; and contrived to
uite .substaiztially, a "'i1iith a
plural exccntive, in -constituting that
dcepartnient of her government. We
have no such guard; and can have
none such, without an entire change
in the character .of our government;
and her example of course, furnishes
no evidence in favor of a single
chief mnagistrato in a popular form of
government like ours-while the ex
amples of former times,-and our own
thus far, furnish strong evidence
against it.
" But it is ob jected that a plural
executive necessarily leads to intrigue
and discord among its members; and
that it is inconsistent with promapt
and efficient action. This may be
true, wMen they are all elected by
the same constituency; and may be
a good reason, where this is the ease,
for preferring a single executive, with
all its objections, to a plural execu
tie. But, the case is very different
where they are elected by different
constiuecncies--having~ conilic ting and
hostile interests ; as would- be thc
fact in the case under consideration.
t ere the t wo woul have to aet, con
, curringly, in approving the acts of
Congress-and, separately', in the
; ephere of their respectiv-e depahfrt
.rents. The cffect, in (lie latter case,
would lbe, to retain all the advan
- tages of a single executiv'e, as far
,as the admiinistration of the laws
Swere concerned, and, in the formner,
to imsure harmony and1 contord he
; tween the two sections, and, through
them, in (lhe governmnent. F'or as
r no act of Congress could become a
-law without the assent of the chief
magistrates representing both sec.
tions, each, ini the elections, woul
cheoose their cnndidate, who, in addi
tion to being faithful to its interests,
- would best command the esteem and
confidence of the other section. And
thus. the presidential election, inistad
of (dividing the U~nion into hostile
geographiical parties, the strenger
struggling to enlarge its powers, and
the weaker to defend its rights-as
is now the case-would becomeo the
means of restoring harmony and con
cord to the country and tihe govern
I ment. It would make the Union a
I unicon in truth-a bond of mutual
i flection and brotherhood; and not a
mere co:nectionz used by the stronger
as the inatrument of' dominion and
R grandisement-and submitted to by
the weakdr 'only froin tho linoring re
manins(fre attii ndh
'ading Ihope' of'. hoin ~~o1o restore
the government to whtt It wae m.
the baracter n:of o'e {
9 pons 1a 4 9' e.
ato
population; and, ot'6 t<ncn
=cery detniett of th iiment.
'Tdythen. cainot; bpi'oi
an apt yhi~eh equir -
renosof totii
Congress or -two- thirdst ' tl ates
aide -ty, concrumnd i be
dif.fici:sinsiritvi 9o4g h
the weukeseidn g t
the Ctone uectio 'taei
Til ., ~a haCnqlesfo
ro nd o ettio ' nayte
anae n thel Staten
tho respnondsibili t opyi f ngtl
hih poer iwe' fn . apply
tho et ainedy;%l e o;" horn~
nth coe ens th oi i
Wh'trer' eo attet
i 'a the1 tpe
allvaegard it's n
th retedy; C =
a very l
ever satisfied d ww
Indeed, we hoai dao time
a dissolution of the nion
from the Compromise, alth e
think that measure would -heroinustid
fled it o suplposed tha f Itv
more Southprn State ar ha delarel
their determination to sCeedo unless.
the Comnpromise ws abandowed, and
the territorial rights' of the-South re
spected, 'that the .Fddra Govern
mnent would have receded. And-we
think the South has committed an ir
retrieveablo iunder in not making
that issue. As fur South Carolinai,
her position remnains widely different
from that of the other Southern
States, She is still pledged to se
cession whilst the Comipromis&'co
dures, but reserves to herself tho do
termination of the time and mode in
future, but is eady to act whenever
the cooperation of another Stato is
obtained.
ihus, one State of the Union has
been thoroughly alinented, and very
poinrful minorities in several othdrs.
And many of thu Southern States
profess to bie ready fr a disruption
on the occurrenie cs further aggre-.
sions, which probably will occur.
It is needless to repeat what we have
aften said, (particularly now, after
what has transpired,) that we have
very'little confidence in these disrup.
tive pledges. Certainly, iff the Corn
promise cano he not only endured, but
accepted " griefutilly," honorably,
cheerfully, loyally, there is littleea
son to expect resistance in half a do
en supposale ca of ihr inferior
eorinedy.
flut the most impotant results of
thc late discussions is, the develone
ment of a large anl powerful body'of
men who have tho sagacity and ide.
pendence to calentate the value of
the U~nion, not only financially, but
politically, socially, and morally; and
who aro ready 'to not according to
their convictins. TIhis party is~ not
predonminant in any Statc but South
Carolina. But it is much more pow
erful than any of tno parties was or.
iginally that asserted what are now
the settle~d doctrines of the country
on its most important interests. The
present systenu of currency and tax.
ation wei'e at the boginning (and
that only about eightecn or twenty
years ago,) much less supported by
numbers or talent. And. it isr.
markablo that they originated in' the
very rzion tnd among the very sdrt
of mon who now assert the rights t
tho South. Anid it is remnarkable
thiat they wero thon dlenouuiced by~
the very sameo men that are now for')
sortion of Southdrn rights, and h
y u T K
MOO
3 ,fit #t .,, tsr
ers-:s ri
,P = W;} Rss r , c , " Mi . to g'
do' gcir, ta us in t xo- tud
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it
un .s a >,.
gt iai1g ' p: re 4. .
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apclttnu, a e cxpeii1e ' iarcX: s,
WITS I
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t . ,ntc } k .r ,
ture tof t ffc t6? 'b'I nd1 iq I o di% .
j ping irfiit h t rr "' o
freight .
, . c urr ri lt}iowan >
Cotton, ana'a"con d' tgnanf ty
of; Rice: Andy y ; it i i r
fiicilities; artiQleat - thin
New"Yor# n"cl
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cnri ts'in at est bp,,
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t"ance al Ai i 6' wi '
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eluirncter, "t < xo t ; it oonCt .
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b4,;a ortcd, :or ' . t;?r . t pro a i
ti ith:Q .slow.:,or:rsipid roaree;< a
the " duty'znd- interes ofall rtirhO bawo
. r'inei' Flo :an '; i ogel' ,Uirld
count ,ltd<aun, "" uru tof qn
honest 1 41ia a cca. !o ,
such "abilitIliern party
passes9es it itrt;: treh"
tial' qifrct,:
chan.d f a,,: , 4
p a { .. ,:1':Qtre, to
Georgia, , e111 ;, rdsMit ppi
will -81416, of
South Garro1'' "'
dale sali? ,mod
when those tittea an 'lion bat
demand of the Fed raf Gorernmeint,
that. derna l, h .11b respectedu . As
for. die ;'lute raili ;pinto : SV ICt the
-I- I elk.