Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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The position own beloved Stato is cminent Iy-ciern. South Carolina has no dc cftgr need of the wisdom, pad affection of her sons, present moment. Most isldp I hope that every moan h brders, feels as keenly s:eYalves, tio eepest solicitude 'h o ihnor and her welfire. For one, m. d sensible of obligations to wpx ,-hi1h my poor service can ne i s ,anti I intend to (10 my myy whole duty to her, in p esent juncture. 1'p'!;frform me, that your s-lici ttidfrtlhb State induces you to in. qu ro o meo, 4is your Representative 111 Congress, what part is to be as anged to. her in tho great contest wcicngit Wits the Southern States. dsappo :: ,o position of South arolna alreil definel and deter mined, both by the Legislatuec and the peoplo. I had supposed the ar gunent exhmusted and the deb~ate -nd-i4 AiConent ion was ae no t the honor of item a. . her of that Convention. The expe diency of seecession is a ~,:s'ionl ieu h Cannot Come within the s -ope of those duties wihichl you have c.,n I ded to me as a membe~r of Congl:ress. As a member of Congress I caot *o called upon to~vote on that nes t ion. It is one exclusively beclonkins~ bo the Convention. But it isap true, that the propriety of seceion without regard to the coirse Of the .other Southern States, was not dis. cusd pending the electio n foir C',,n ressand the Legislature, which tok place in October last. In the pulec discussion which I heard. an in hiedh I too part, I heard but ver few express opinins in favor (f" th'e .secession of South Carolina aln, without regard to the action of the other States. I think the su, wsn et was not discussed before the pea '!e. and that their jiltent whihas nit' .exereised nor, formed upon it. 'o, also, in relation to the te l;of a Convention by the' L~egitlature." U.l: ti after the sessi be an, ii hni ohing toof pit,n I hrik nothin fw eards o itii by fir thepep.i hadCthe oplott of Souh'ring my oihout rofr tho marsl oefor the judheto h Statethkte wsn ade In * adhat teir mighaeentered mi o * lin relation tor the lin le th a ayneto byrthe ALCogilre.s ofth Sthlfern tte sI. thou, w a the liohke ofd and ti else~l th..kdto. .wtis erdesultho bytle knowne.I aouldnhav been nIow; regar~ toh . opiions of the esure, aLfd o the peolemn of Stho arli, was inica na deerination the little trom Sthenn hateve oth ert n tes mayke anthing tos do.']e aut, cnunot, hve nowemegditld avton o' elegnilatre, parid orh h- lig etetinaftecnetion eefup-1 whached.ionbwhten thaer been etter ble popdeermn tod.h ~at wuh be expedient til .The e:vents ofr to summer and aatmni iil, as .1 thmik, thnow much. light oni the great issule before us. I shout! gladlr have awaited those e venKu bef* e th~e * liiuh judhgnent of the >htate w as i,,i 1 uip. Under these cir'ehmonan: - I cannot ho:e- that my Viiin a of any avail in assigning any :n. -to South Carolinia. lU it it is; enohil 'that you wish to kniow myI opiai ppon ,a measure of pu';!ie p.. hey, yven though it be a furegone cenel. stp I have noi si ish inire :. withhol ich op iions1, as I ht o niiii to 1a de by e::pressing. tih:.. never- s) ght 'ilice--I have n er oti Ahe M y when I w.oulmd have heH.' ' LlP~icemun ler th.~e it'; Gi ~ oven.~ ment. I could not do so, at. ly tine; without a: fecliig of petoiil degradation. 1 come, then, to the confessional without fear'and ivithont reserve. - .'he iniuiries proposed by yo$ug gst two propositions. The first is, whether secession be the only altern ative. now left in the Southern States. The second is, whether to the event of the other slaveholding States re iaining in the Union,. it will become the duty of South Carolina forthwith to secede, on the ascertainment of that fact. The only full and fitting reply to inquiries of such grave i-" Port, must be found in a considera tion of the objects contemplated by secession, and of its probable efficacy in accomplishing those objects. The leading object to be attained by se cession, will be admitted to be the preservation of the institution ot A fri can slavery, unimpaired and unmo lested. It coinprehends the ouniet and undisturbed enjoyment of this species of Property, ts well as the I means of making it profitable and desirable. These conditions are ne cessary to save fifteen hundred mil li'nis of property, the most profitable in the world, and the source of count less blessings to ankind-from be coming a nuisance and a Curse. They are amp ly secured in the Constitui tion, and that instrument would ne. ver have obtained the approval of Suutlh Carolina and other Southern States, without such scuritv. But these stipulations and compacts have nut been carried out in good faith, by. the Northern States, but have - n ?i'.d utterly disre.-ard ".- 1 ..... ill thie i.rtherniiil Statei s and(1 iii (..: 'e.- . Thy are 'ell :1 l _ e . im p'laints-acts. tia are*'111 1 lp bl vila tionsi~ of thel tC'nstitulti"n,:tit 1"ou mi ml my of l ):1n, any1' /:.' Ut them.:1 .: tify the iece 1i11 of th . t:itos. They\ i t itir the secri :ail the v'le i1 . , . T- he' e' - ieice 1f c lit yearL s t: :i u1 _1 ! and. :u 'te: appe e in, have "'lIe l i-u h me t') the coniclus:ion1, that tin:se c i. plints u it never be remved or re le-ssd b' aly Cx+'eri-C of the maw:u prov+,ided iy the Conslmtittionr . 1 1 +t Can Stiuth C arlhima refom puibli. opini n la .\ls1h e .- or (bil 11 what I';1tent insl-trmnen1'1t ennl ti . lis IbI:imt the Iublic op~illin of th1e_ Nr11!t. r break the s el w hich ,1'! i ab:s .i te .aay, the init-:lke t -"f the North- 1 .' 1 1r- app :ils t, their ju.,ti. e have beei unlott1ded, al 1ur re1.i stranclteS (' lctene . We eCuai1,t ... gui.e.' tile fdtet, that tie alia tis t f :we 10:'ee ie. Th-:.:n-e' ~ e--: r,. inial. by th1re ulo *i lied tChem $i5 of a ui~nin with tiofim. hl'i'.,i als may submt~it to wrin w'ithou ' t thei dishonoi~r andl de.:aui. It igie bouthnekns vml:neuiaiiv n init gge1i~ as wel as i:.itos coniteiipt. TheII I iederal Goverm~ t cn ,:.I waid nI t if it ecull. . sLri I .u t IiiNorhrn St~us oim the til w j' o f ti r dut yl.i cit h eith. er rs ' tilonUtnir i*inetiai~ to cani last endureit ag~greiCon, an in'. needs the. arm of g~verna enLmt. A\ genmn that fails either fromi i~s neaines or its uil, tv protecthi prtuperty fromi domesv:ie ais wa Iofc.i I ts, (loes ii~L de ee tL. obe e o ril~ respcCt, of a frien (a..i~ A govelinmenIt that.I noti only fails to Iiiat-:t, but i3 actually hostile to the strou desposiiI and to overthrov,- it *u.biamt e n lii on of slaver must helSL - 3 un' lCsi the sl.avehioldinig .de biv th sirt to take t heir i i: staihmenii13t of1 a confiedeiacy of the S'.avehli;. ; ' tales, it iieed nii brae ail the sthihinz C . oi L'e h1'iI' to die S.ith. .I li-A ti.: thi sho e-i of oth (aroljina ahen -the enormlous ovilpg l bi we cotrilap diand whih 3 htwo 6 elieid'eanit 6iedrrd y tlice - siorw of .Sutia-olna alone am .without bsatotion, 'andi'aistantlyiin favoi- of;=it; whatever other States may. do, anti, whatever cotrciUen s may follow. Let us then, sce if our complaints or any of: them,; would b.o remove'd or redr'essed by the secession "f South Carolina alone 4th9 o r slaveholdirg States remaining hi tlie Union. Would the prospect of "re covering fugitive s!aves be bctter? They may now be, and now are re covered, -summai ily and ge-rtai ily, when they are found in fifteen States. The difficulty 'of reclaiming them in Georgia, or any other slavchbldin State, is no greater than in the dil'e rent districts of our own Stato. Each of these, States nflords to us all the facilities that are enjoyed by its own citizens. They ac apiropriate. andl ample. Our only complaint is, that the non-slaveholding .States not only refuse to aid us, but aitually 'obstruct us in our cindcsvois t'o re elaim our property, .. hen ae a;it or cnme places - it - within tiieir lima its. They only violate the stilin. i tions of the Constitittioli oi this sulject. These States. do noti now, and will not ever deliver up fugitive slaves. It will not be controvot-ted that secession would" place tlO tiSte secedig in the relation o f Aoreign State, towards all the other States.of the Union. It woulde b ti onethe ielinquislmclit ot il' the i ht i well ns the duties;:that niofwc)s tbb. the e'1uirc.:nt of a treaty. W ly ithat of the tweity-five thousanl fu 1e ta3enow in Canada- a .te-matry lI! l(rlin'*l on the ULdLt.ed u hast l iver been rCeoveir e1 1 his wne- r? Why is Canada a l '1ofct reiug' for slaves who flee 1:In th:twe itew Soth ? It is !.-vse it is a fIrei country, atal the tre aies ltetwctn Gireat lBritaina ::d the Unitel tS iii es are silent cu the subl ject. Wul nti, then1, se. ers i b e the volunztary Laidnir-.enit 1a1 omr pa;rt, of the righit to reclaim f'nyeii slavecs, within the' limits of ! he ,'!';,1 e..antria W e c :1n,1 n t" te r - the line (f Georg''uria, TC1ntesee, m N rth art lina, in pursuit of ihem, by virtue (f any ri hit which we 1\ kinow t s d; thu eneinaieis of th e :. a , s lutel fa ta l g litev that can, e i us:ed ina "r;eferutt t lave liIs Thus localisedi and hemmed di.Agveaantra 'ef c. try will :.i rd lu rti e empalgmen t to a'much urire nunl1'Q1rt.us whit. thaniia clored poj uhteiln ubeithlr it be 1'ave or fir taniy laocaios if the w ite~ i lie tace :and at tlni 'time cona d.bl eCe\tis it. Whfat wo~uld be u ean of diIffusina over new. I iicreaing slave loplahtin, if Nunth C :an a nakes he-rself a o 1. in I Unon winh has nt nle the inatr~'uetjion if thiema aaulawful. They a: may be V oldA~ toj theC iciin suchi State, or- removedC naht their oneic . [The ' nast :and ferile lami, (1f i i; l ; .i :nd TI. , tI1fer ttnijting hlls for thai sae l abor oif the uhl S'uathaernj Sttes. Conigess has no p) ower to inktrfoI(e tany IVr .ni:: u Ut re-trajint. lhiat Congercss hi lin 'sin~e, undater the specialI pro nam o the Conaicujtionat, mnade thet miradutioni cl slaves fromn a fotreitn countrya liti a Statej of thae I'iai. tiroma the Unaion - the othert Southierna .'taks reiamliing ini it--that maomtitt "t nii id heo a hai:lh eatn to carry a shlare fromn this Stato to) Geor-gia, o anay otheri State, Snaeh St ate wvould hav o powe~r .tot anthlorira it-h piower being ini (Coug~uss. Thea boflundaies of our owyn Statc could rebAlpassed by a elave, so. long ,Isjtl p boat foreign Stato.. We Myo,: already<tebe ,9xcluded ,-.from z Gali pria,.-iand .Utah,.s:and New Mexicpobydthe; uiicpntitutional and i uinjust lcgislation.uf Opugress, and c sltll we ngQy]permit iOn1g'4win infat Eto .e. cugus frot, Lihe rest of I ti world?.. lleaven sav'e us from i such insanity :.t If secession woui-not place us in a 4 better pom1tioVf1oi 1 'ic{ery of fu-ia itiv slaves, b" for spieadiig our t klavo populatioh 'over othercountries,d but,,iodld 'in~tenc 14fitlinounttblec obstacles "to both', would it invest us o with nore effectual ,means of repres. t sin'g the fanaticism of the Northern .1 Statos? I am incapable of perceiving < any such effect. . No, gentlemen, no; I it will reuniro the resonrces and cn ergiea ofino-e thn one of the slave- r holding States to quiet this wicked 1 agitationlt:to resif.t its' fatal influn r ence. The strongest Agpvernments a in chiristoldomn, Frahce, and Sweden, i and Great' ritnin, have pbcon made i to yield up their beautiful- Islands d in the West Indies, to utter- desola- s tion "to- appease - the fury of this' t demon.- II.ho Spanish' West Idia t Islands and Brazil. aro n-w the only b civilized countries od tho earth, c beside those Southei - States, in-which .slavery exists, and the t fourth of a century will not leave a i: vestigo- of it in either of them. - And t wo -must be., wise to escape their t loom at no distant day.. With these consequences- beforo- upould it be wise, to resort to soef a, against thel iews and wishes 6 .all 'those i Btates: that are. bound 'i-a common South, than ourselves. hit. wh'kt V they under estimate the dlanger to it ( from the actiron of Congrcss, they t hugely magnify the ditliculties and 1 dlaTgr;'s of (isunion. Yet they have mlale issues aIl c ondh icus coneeted s with it, which whe nmst take fir granted, they will exit fromn the North. Their demands will not be t eeed, ami s' en. very soo(4n, their '1 'final ho10e will be flat despair.' As t God is the jilge ofl my sincerity, I S believe this union and slavery cannot a stand .tor ther. And nlles; we I ,iatli misintcrp-r(L the mens, this i appaliin ,t init.l tt i n m ech J'uler be. disguised . It has ntl Leen I reaii cd Ly the North or the uuth. 3 You seem, gentlemen, to be'. j ama*ed at the Couirse 1!111 sed by. Virginia. It has nt struck me with either siurlprise or ta!i :.aa. I l.uw yot are taught, b'' m. re thaxn one-' 0' t' ur1 Stattesmen, to look to this ven- j erable Sta:t 1'or c 'un sel and fo.r lcad. i I ,it I neCver 'ulI.!a sh unsL 1 to : Inl a cnltes ta or .ilver. TIhat p.reatt ( '!'omoweathh did n~.:Eh to re!:u.ke i the usurpation's of' the Ginral Gov. er oiilt. in1 fornler ul: ' , but whli t has 'he'ver' done ti r'ebuke [aniila The g'reat let.der ilk the minall 'A1. conltes of 1798i, was one of1 the eari s :u l mot eloqiuent of hr v.1h) depc atcu' , if they'' di I wl. ver ldC ' te h ': I ' the u '!e n C.)tth-C. ''l In CC (' i a. .1 l .ust a n im vny ( I\ t () '4g~ t net a11 rIill'.' f:rt in t co allthwhen ~ a i:t e..e an eume oit wll tis surly :WO~eei a God.t I uterest an ii c -i reI:ser vtio aly arou, t' and nte the te 'tat okle us o l~ar thii ta.h i t sir.emet byayus oukL)teftr 1cuts. raour i dty frol thi reat of~S.~i alildo manil, we~C h (sve aCiS h to d tr if a t he other Southelrn HtatesI ourslveshio tnhe raabnes oC de~ ia spir. le Sot uslookil to theiutue with Gulag n wit io. je ug . :olori:' We shall sink below our ihigh letiny if we have nod'o yburage, td: the fortitude, to mpet allitho ricissitudes of a coratest which nvolves' our hopes, our happiness, 1ur existence. Dti'ing 'the. autuw"of'last year, oth in speeches and conversations, I opeatedly expressed -'the opinion, hat if but one State should 'accede, p, 'General Govei-n:Went owould temnpt to enforce ' the laws of .ongress and coerce her into obe.' Bence. I have since seen bothing to hange, but tnuch to confirrn ^that pinion. It is the province 'of.Congress a make laws, but the duty of. the 'resident to execute " them. - This uty he solemnly swears he will erlori. The Prosident and Ws secretary of State, have given nepated assurances that this duty ill be discharged. I know 'of no eason. to doubt that' it. will le ttenpted. The army and navy are laced at the couunand of the Pres lent for that purpose.. The Presi ent and Mr. Webster belong to a ehool of politicians who do not admit le right of a State to. secede from ae Union. This opinion- has been rltci es s r l13M-W ebstdr,afd .pressed with rfere' e to Sputh. .arolina. - They h'old that resistance the laws-of onggess-,.iy . State 1awless resistance, and to be rented 'as the act of: rebels 'and mlitori. T have taken much pains to asder Uin, "whether if South-Carolina 2cedes, shie will be sustained by the et,. or4ubbuLlic. pinion uf any other Mate. The roaultiq a eonv Mtan .. . . . " .:t:i l I: . .' . ;+~. -: ti L' . 'ould look upon a strugle witu tae reneral Guverinment and this State, ithout concern and without sym. aithy. Fraim the foregoing views, it would eemi tl.at my opinions are, that the ulthln' Stutes cannot remain in the niuzn withofut degradation, and ul m1atelv, t.e abolition of sliery: 'hat slavery is of greater value to be South than the Union: That ':cession is the only remiiing lterzaiive-but that it should bc esorted to as the means of establish. ig a confederacy of one or more !ave-1'"ldline . a 1 t:rate: That at this im~e the Secessi'n of South. (arolita uld t:eitler be followed nor :stilled by aniv other State: That t:Ce.iln of South-.Caroliia at the resent time, the other Southern t'tes reuninin' in the Union, would Ily ::ggravate the evils of which we istly con l 1it, and would be inex. uth eent. force would be attempcted y the~ Feuaral Governmeint, and the 'ren't object of secession seriously c.nd e and endngeed, if unot ut I have now, gentlemen, expressed "1 "l"s alU]'n the deeply int est II lam ilibated in your com-. zlunticttitn w ith the frankness andi anW-. ti ~at becomes mec as a repre enatv andA a citiz~en. I commend I mi to your iscruitinan yoren iier:ti a. They ar~efi op.ini*ond. heiatly fiouned after the long md. ansmus reflection of one who has io anmb ictn but to promote thte iue glory of outh-Carolinai. !ar ..oihee that thtey will be ce table to all of1 you-i-they may iot be s. to any of you--biut I au vihing to submnit theitn to the test of ime andh truth, at I am content and 'eolbcd , to stand or fall in he I utiei estimaution, by them, md'upon them, in piublic or in nivate life, I shtouhi not feel that oun a I ati t if I did ntot, at what. -ver personalul saicrifice, try to save ny native State' fromn the disasters of ,lind anil hedless counsels. But kiutth- 'arolina is the home of my tleetioniS. and her bosonm shall be my ;rave. ] Ier cause shall be my cause, I cannit lov do~wnl my pen without his admnitionl to my ~ fellow-eitizens, ~icfor yoHeceoo inake tip your mtndil ter'ably, that the step once akeni cani never lho retraced twithopt mtut terable sh a and des Bpi'r.e heni, resoulved to mneet all f hatttrdl ii' all its trita. If' .y pro not endy 'to lay don dt oitr ht n fortune. you. are not 'prepared Afdir ecesiont. :The N' Tri nnot''intd ifl no per. _fromiyo Itli .e e treasur te she wrings from you, without a mighty ;striggle:. ' She'msy useo force 'it shdark; iid 'therqft aiedd. Do. sure, before-you mo e,;that you .cannot fail,iand be. sure, !also, .that success will bring the realization' of the bright hopes-and happy visions, that lead you qp-to the contest. If you are induced. to favor secession by the idea, which some of those-who are lamorous for that measure hold out to you-that you would. be 6aress.ed .and coa ed by kindness apl .op cessions, to: return to the Union, I entreat you to discard .the vain. and uinwoihy hope. Sec'ession forp, h a purpose, would be a paltry and a miserable .tri fing- with the . gravest question of the century. :I would scorn with as proud ai disdain ;ts you cguld_ feel apy unminly .appeal, to your fearu.. I ako no such appeal. .I only conjure 'u to bring home - to your own consciousness 'the realitids of this great issue, before the siyord is drawn. That bright weapon once drawn, can never be sheathed without dishonor. Retreat in such a contest, would be as ilisastfois, and infinitely more disgraceful than defeat. Either would be irretrievable 'ruin. Then, be-wise; be resolved, be ready,.before you strike! I have not a par fos6, or a hope, or a wish, that is not insepa rpkly connected with the destiny of Oonth-.arolina, and with the blp of God her destiny shall be my destiny. I am, gentlemen, with - great respect, your humble and. obedicit servant. - "i, i C I'. ntices on the entire import of bouth Carolina. We have demonstrated in what manner,"and to what extent, a rate of duty of only 12 1-2 per cent, producing $1,200,000 annu ally, the sum required by Rutledge, would change the distribution of her capital invested in agriculture.,;,We have intimated that such a duty changing first, to a limited extent, the peculiar industry of-this .S'tate would progressively reach the great mass of her exports, reacting again on her ggriculture. The steps by which such a change would be effect ed, it would be instructive and useful to trace clearly to compreliend the result of so important-annalteration of our fiscal system. We have supposed tiat a duty of 12 1-2 per cent, on our imports from the north estimated at between seven and eight millions of dollars, would be countervailed by an equal rate of duty on Suuth Carolina products, falling p imeipally On cotton. If~ South Carolina cotton paid that duty, di mimishing the price one cent per pound, on all the cotton raised in I Southi Carolina for nor thern consump tion, it would reduce the interest one per cent on her agricultur-al invest mnt, on an average price of 8 cents per pound, provided she continued the intercourse on these termis. This she would not do, under the induce mnents to change a part of this invest menit, from the enhanced price of Northern products, paying a duty of 1:21-2 per cenit. The culture would be changed from Cotton to Provisions undler wi ch, wre will suppose a ino derato stimulus, . At tho. cnd of, a short perio'd tbisea ctingdon the ex ports, and thienceon tho' imports, would be attonded b idduton 'in the amount of %febudals from thme latter.Thrte ihy'oud perhaps, have '.o bouraised from 12 14 to fifteen per cent to produce the required suiniof $1 ,29,400. This imerease of duty .vould operate as an additional stimulud :to extend tho culture of l'rovisions, and diuiin. ish that of Cotton, fromn theoanoovo that more can bo -made by the one n.ode of industry than the ethmert a short kimo the wholo of tiML'or tion of the supply th~fhaf1 b~on raised for northern eonsumidif 530,000 bales wilt disappear, -i necessity of a continued inboete rin the rate of dq1y) to sdtl sito alpouint of r&oeui roach tha~t. pqirio' whl for 2oh i mate4 of *fo v i' f i his ueeriee ofo et o~ althougi t e North. r , Simoply from: the. ope _ potduty, gracual case' thod Cff t MvwfdM in the otler they' wl .p acceerated. Itw tuft engendered the I*i be cut' offt long eb of cireutn~ta oSp r ii Chsge ~ course. t''eat uf frtotnur exj1 at..* ,tiiwt L TiOt 4 1D ;.o .r , latte'r. :To =tcI~d 1QUO 0lj2% may be ,said to p ren4iii a} supposition.;Sul4lint be tie ino stable tehdendyo f scheme of taxation, that" chi of, I n impt :risn t j articles of *i1ecesst ops Long before this,' p1-int. .b reached, Notrei er, picao ;i4 ..xtonivo.on gratjop L c*~ {r *, Y .final result wvould utot hecb s. portion of tb ' w'ised by' direct: tax diW" "" , one case it would boa taq o sumption.- in the ti 'Tlie State of - SOft t a 1"c~, o : not 164w is . multi i1cd (fivefold. .: }t question assumes quite anothei when a change of rove ti o-'' involves an alteration' i A"shtofidsrymp on the uansitipo C 'd Rutledg' that by'sui .Ltro'isa ivou'.d hoe tQ o burden of $4,O0OOO0.0 nn We hlave htrt o d 1. That thecoptibpt}vp a " : . Carolina in dutiesu e3to tatriff,, doc$ hoQt e.c Q ;J , annually, . That jnteai :ofti: being a large piofit to htltno thc Exchange d ann a s ins +, A Carolina exports, t 1R 9a1. g~tI degree on bills purchased d sold ensures to ,Youth Car lii F' ' which ae diet1?bitd o*j . carised by the Northi on ~~lIj olia products. could u bq.ol ...7W by her unlesi alie' lagr ':i'