irid to rid ourselves ofth eur
bigill aconiulate in twontz
dafbi l~have heard it saidthat
?it i :t y anger of an excess , de an
, .' t re rs to com e, even fdIll
ni4ya~o~ he f~tite are restrioted toj
Ui ml If this were true, then the
has manifested much unneoessa.
arm o ;Ulp prospect of the Wilmot
Proviso, for 11e same rule when applied
to t; which is now conceded to be
A~sa;Yav ritory, would prevent a redun.
"d r1 r three hundred years to come.
5ut t-spot true in fact. The slave
popu ton in South Carolina now is
greater-to the square mile than in any
of the slave States. Arkansas has
o tethe square mile, and South Curo.
ha eleven; and the slave territory of
South Carolina is much smaller in pro.
portion than the same territory for all
.ebo-slaveholding States. South Caro.
. Will ,suffer sooner froni a redundant
population than any other State, espe.
{ diully as she precludes herself by so.
'tcession alone, from sending off an ex
ecss. Our present slave population is
about 320,000; it will double itself in
20;years. What would be our condi.
tionswiti such a population, numbering
640,000in 1876? Could that number
beosefully or profitably employed? In
.t.Cho rice regions of the State, the numi.
ber might be greatly increased, for with
little labor many of the swamps and
-.. mnorasses could be reduced to cultiva
ion. But in the cotton and grain re.
\gion .of the State, I submit that the
present population would not profitably
bear doubling. Why, then, should we
hurrylto separate ourselves, not from
the-North merely, but from our sisters
of the South, when we draw down up.
on ourselves the principles we have so
fiercely assaulted and from which we
antioipate such dire calamities?
. have very briefly, Mr. President,
nadverted to some of the difficulties and
objections to separate State action as
suming that we will be allowed to "go
!n.peace." If Congress and the P resi.
dent should act wisely, with reference
to the interests ofthe Union, and with a
view of paralyzing our efforts to build
up a new Government, the n they would
alow us to depart in pence, but power
is. impatient of contradiction, and the
pasions of men not unf'reqzeLntly gov
ern the conduct of nations snorei than
::reason. It is probable that we would
'not be allowed to s cede peucenbly and
consummate the act withoiut Opposition
tioni the Federal Executive , aini We
should. anticipa:e our condition, nasum.
ing that force would be used. Suppose.
that the custom house will be renoved
to Fort Moultrie or Fort Sumter, or
that. Charleston be abolished as a port
or that a blockade of our coast would be
resorted to, to subjugate our people.
We have no navy of our own to mecet
thbo United States in either ot' the sup.
p d contingenicies. .Ay own imopres.
sion is, that a blockade of our entir.
coast would be resolved upon by the
Federal Government. Ifso, not'a bale
of cotton or a tierce of rice could find
its way.into the markets of the world,
nor could, a box or bale of merchandiz
-<make their ingross through our porte.
-&How long could our Cttizens h'ear tup
under. these restrictions? Could any
people be expected to remain firm ini
their pur-ose, when their entire inidis.
tribl. pursuits wcre thus etTeetually de
stroyed, and a bounteous prosperity
couiverted into absolute penu ry, want.
and'despair. But 1 am told thaut b!oek.
ado is wvar, and it is true, but it is miak
nug war upon us at the weakest of all
points, arid what is worse, unidjr such
circumstances as will not excite that
-sympathy, from our sister St ates, which
is so much relied on, to extricate us
when peril overtakes us. Wne have nio
navy, nor have we the wealth to buil
a na-vy wvhihou could Cope successfuflv
-withfthe navy of'the United Slates if w'e
were to expend our whole substance ini
the undertaking, but snore sir: to raise
that blockade, it would devolve upon us
the necessity of'shecddinig the Iirst blood,
and lose us thereby all that svinrpathy
that might otherwise be exeited, for 'a
people struggling on their own altars,
aroundithecir Own I;-esides for liberty,
against the invasion of ruthless lyranits.
In making war upon the navy of the
United States, we would be mnakirm
war as tiuch upIon Georgia or Virginia
asB u~pon Massachiusetts, anid the pride
of the people of thme two formner States
would be as mruch aroused, h'v our assaiiihng
thieir ntaty, as the pride of th'e hitter State,
~nd.tAiby would as tiercety repel it as thi
* ~ old Bay State. This blockade might be
kept tip until we were brought to terms,
and riot sa soldier or uflicer of the Unitedl
'States, put his loot ont our -oi l. I low can
we meet such an assuaultl Will we inivade
Ste enemtfies cou~intry, Georgia anid North
Carolina, and commence butchering ther
citizens ! That wvould be protectirng our
Mis ittons~ wvith a vengeance. WVhere
els ectlwe. strike, coiuld we imarch to
MassaY~i~aetts or New Yocrk; btir we are
told that Great Britain and other mrirtjime
powmers will interfere. 'The State declares
herself an indeoperndent repubtbei. 'The
Ueneral'Governmirent deinies in. The Staite
invites the couniinerrce of thle wvorld to tier
llnrits, *i .h iuearcel y craft enough betlong.
Ing to her to acconnnodate a pilot, ini brinig.
ig a vessel up the chiannel, anid io the
hurbor, and the General Governirient tin
'nJounces that our eintire coast is bl~ckadled,
and thorso disregairding thie blockadc mtust
Lake the consequences of its vio'ationt.
Now,. what is there in the contiierce ot
- SOuth.L Catr.tolina, which woul d inidiice Great
lintainy id'hazaird a wvar witha the Untitedl
8tatesI to, secure ! If wec could I iriosh
her with.alilih ra .v cotton die conisumeis,
an~d woreld- purchiaso her goods to pay for
g that cottonr guxing her conariercial advan
tages'over all oter nations, then she rmight
hiazird R 'war. Blut, what, sir, arc tI.e tacts!
we woi'ldifurnish tier otily one-third of the
cotton shed consumes, arid the coinumern or
the mnanufactured prodnets, tree amid slave,
nr Sosili groJina would only reachi some
0NJ00O. patn it be presuimed for anr ini
sat,, thlat a milion1, so enlightoned as
Lrea,~ IRlri a~ouldi haz-ird aill the conse-*
qunces~g ~a, with a formnidible poer
hose the Jojlo the raw iraterial, wvhich
is rood and iairpent to so many tfrarsand of
-* lher peasartry&and operaitiVts, for years
perhaps-pay thre heavy debht whichi a wvar
woiul necess..rny incur, arnd endanger the
etability of the emirr itself, hv throwing
,JEW.
of enployntaila the manufacturin
.4d.:nnprcial subjects of the Kingdon
I1i1 this for the poor privilege of sollinm
00,000 white persoms the goodi the
contame, duty free, when they are no'
taxed only 20 per cent. That lan maUm
be credulous mideed and hopeful beyon
precedent, who could for an mastant sul
pose, that we would receive aid fromt 'rea
Britain or any other European power, l
raising the blockade. W ith the product
of our own industry, locked up in ot
midst and the merchandize of the worn
shut out frum us, what a specimen u'f n:
tional progress we would lurnish! and ho
ambitious n ould our sister Southern Stt
become to join us in our privations all
wants! I lear that our experience, so la
froth encouraging the cause of Souther
Rights, woulu ainihlate its last vestig
and nothing would then be heard all ov
the land, but the prises of the Gloriot
Union!
Nor would the result be very dilferet
if thu ports in South Carolina were abe
ished or the custom house removed to Fo
Moultrie. In either case, a sullicient n:
val power would be stationed to enfor<
the revenue laws of the United State
Having no navy ourselves. we could i
disperse the power, and foreign vosse
would conform to the laws of Unitt
States, rather than to embark in a war 1
secure our trade, duty free. Many of tI
views, as to the internal operations of r
cessiona under the assumptiona, that our e.,
would be peaceable, are equally applicab
if it should be warlike.
I have said nothing of taxes, standa
armies, foreign ruinisters, conasutls, post
arrangements, all of which topics, whit
discussed, would dissuade us from scpara
State action. It is always disagreeable I
speak to unwilling listeners, and whilst
have but little hope that may views will pr
duce any ell'ct, in the midst of the enti
siasm which exists in the Convention,
favor t f immediate State action, yet, I tru.
when you shall have returned to yoa
homes, and cool deliberation takes ti
place of passion and impulse, that you w
give to the views, I have presented, wiha
ever consideration t hey may amerit.
But, Sir, I mnay be asked how I propo.
to meet the crisis. ly advice Is pirren,
stand upon your arhns, until you call i
a blow that wil finally despatc I your en
my. I know, Sir, that Ile word pat aent
-tails coldly and heavily oni c.ars and hear
that have been so much aroused Iv ti
graceial clucut on and thrhilang eloquen<
of any friend who preceded antte, (Geiner
Adam-.) I dIad not sit maaoaaavel am se
and I felt the amr. deeply when I knae
that his wirds came fron a pure haaart, ii
dignant at the wrongs we have sutffere
The panacea for all our ills is cn-liperat ,
the co.piration of tme or more of on
Southern Su'ters, of one or ilare of il
Cotm States, forin I an tree to aknsw!a.1i
that I laute nmo hope t roim ime gr:aa or ti
bi acco growmag regauanm of tale Slave .:.atet
Vmrgama.i ouilt at toaiove lut sheaa wai! nit
it we wait until Ale aadv.nce.,, all will I
lost. The Caottonm State., or a parti ii
them, urit pena'o at to haer anil .larian
Kctnaiucy, 'leneil-e, :nd taI. rti , ,
alterw:,ve it rr! v". a ud.-r ta! bam:n-r
the Free or S!e Satate-. l.i my jaIl ':auaan
a.y two of tle S..ive Stales, acta barnaiaaa
niou.sly aduh aaa Ctnatnct iin. aiilid t le t1
<lueatunm t, their hk:1 r, either by :o raiton
a re.specta.l n ala u as tier it Soautlcra ('Ili
tedi racy or by i.t .uc'!h guatra:tet
as would render our s'tu;aann safe in il
Union. I go further, ir,-:i Vurgmnim ha
moved alone, tainag to sectre co-oajp ratii
she aight have dictated ternais. lIcr at
tiua. wotuld lhave had in:initely tanare efye
thman ouirs. For hier mreatr phyasicaml ra
soirces, and laer Listorical dad ret.
liliotary at'soiaitionts waaa! g. tr.tcam
maoral power ta sucha i oven'Latant. ( )a
territuory aimai lpopualatiaon tame baoh aA.'. au1
l.t'wever Jlungree.,eI it an:ay be toa yoa u a
w'.eul t.s aanysta. wve as, i;i 1,er of! ,ro !m'::c
shauldh yieahl taa the: .nar:.bae a~e .c.-.
thme aletertaa.;- *,a of :1..,-aitn. cn:;a
riglhts, ligle liaiaajm.. ;and alhi::. ti a'
haa'e aaeiane :aa:ha.at.ve .a:.anoa.,e thaut ''a
aaaaeamaeant ai' b a,~t -a...ae I aN so::.a
those eataaally iadeare-veh u.'. tamia...h cis .
ats mmainteancme. Aaai I har. ao40
thmat paince a tn br~u that iio-ope.r;:: a
hait I am tia:d thmt Geortgia , V* rgam a, Floar
dla, andma manaat ot the athar States, t1. ' ;a
ilu~esc~ed ini thme ( '4 mproaa.sa. ThIe anlao
2L:e5 have.'. amjauie'sea!, butt thr: are la
uncmpaairo:aisiing l oppo~ed to tie: "ay
imen t.'l They a re ga bartit' treaagth a
ly, amnda aeam .aoume a: theia will lie .ta ha
wiuth uas. I at at:- :-ay :a lla-at, we :ane reai
for thea. caaat':t tamt a aaL a ntt arma
w.'aah aimch a dleclarit at, ouar (ntetds a
naerear ade..par aaa ee~ame toar a the ot
'lhe w..dl saan r'ecover th round~aaa thma
last by' iaar amda.seraa.an in n.g sa lyt
aanaturely the quai.atn af :-aeparate S-al
amaion, whvlen augntal ta uth nI a' ll craw.
aour tamated ne acto.
Wha'mat, men, are tihe -u s if thae thai
thme Northm amuid time SiiuthI. At the .\.,a
the templortary panaac prahaead terae, tinat
dsaItaon of alma I 'oa .uM .:a lh'Iiw ti
colaaimaaald amgit:at~ua ,n tfha1. saaver <pma't a
hams maearly latis-ed ta.iy', :atal e mar'
anmaiat semitling a a'antaah-r .\bo.ana.:'', F
to thae Saliaite, t li.aaa l'halpas wla' ahelt'raide
thme Vearmon~at rae.-ahuaans, aa aihna,.'ouasi
all Sauthaleran atarn a; Ihi .,eiaan a won'.~m
.Aolt:aamsa. amn thn pir.a it aaW\'aalm tha:1
TIoam l'.wmag! New'. Yiaor depiaas I he
5)on, thme biest No~arheraa mmin I lhave avn
knmowna, to ianke rooam for Ihfatam aaI..
thme boan campa~.aaiiaaa at Newnda! mail
.lassachuaoetts thme ;ahib.ta.iama oIhi.ib.
C. WVaitho ham beena repail ed to. h~e
tom amoader:aa2tet:il Summmer tihe gri-at lhy
pritest oft.~ ib-~ a.. hmaelts zAbaohtionaism, Ii
tbeen hmaanoredal wath thlae seat lately ilIlead 1
Mir. Webaatear. .".r. Webster lumself it
haeen denounaciaed al aaI var Jlaastaot, atal ii
groassest dilouamrta.-y aIlrrad hunam-rea'aos
time praiviie aof she~:ao taa lhis acouatr
amemn ma Oil P~aneauill Ilinll, a place '' la
ini dlays oft yore, lhe hams ~ahb a.'d Im
Is brighatast intellctual a rolh as. I~va
thte imodearatin w.~haib thiel \Vehlm-a
parcachtes tao his Iammatacal acountt rvumima, i
daggnantl y repuuatmed. W ih a aa],chm an r;
ad ammtener and talenats tas thet Free SuIle
paresenit mma'w ini thme Sernte, wath ha 1a
llhal', aa''w'ard, IFooata, h.'an~a, Ibba!lwoa, il
alhler lihxlge, Witllkern, wholi e.aai hailtieve ah
agitaitmomn ther~e m itaned, ian that t a Ia iih:
air evenm timedam am atha States troam wheniri
ahey aoaime. Sir, abomaliaattau maevir h
smieh a hirm foontaog am tham Nattaaail Cit
cilia mis it hmam iat tis very aaaamanta , atai I
whoexphets fanmaiticisma to m iarnim a r n
redem, lasa renal haistomry to little pumat
lama thaese tare limt tham aanly eaalencees Nar
iil the proagrea.s mat aiit.heerya setaninta
l,aaok at thai tacttin of thc Vermonaat :n
(hio Lecgaashiture ini pacticamlly nuallit'yia
mimo faugitive iilavm law... i.maok tat te haul
ramts, andi time 'yampaithyi teri: iihownv f
time runmaaway naegai, andl timh aot at a
caoampromaisersa Southi a Mar aat am th
comnsciencees wimth Ihea maannemr m wncih a
caompromise is ca rried ouat Naorthi, wh'len am a
recavery of a fuagiaave Irmn Hoaamiaa, to
has ower oven t$2,liM1, tanda fraom New Voi
almost aim ega am oun aiammt.
Sir. the nex.'t Ssssin of Ciomgress wit
t probali ty open a new plan of operations
to by the Aboltfonjts. *They intend propo
sang that the tIFderadW ovornnent shall
y buy and pay for out ofii6'$otleral Treasu
w ry, every slave that the o'iw iis willing to
t sell. At the late sessiin, Seward intro
d duced a bill appropriating a large soine of
Money to purchase all the slaves in the
t District of Columbia, and slavery will be
it abolished there in that way. With these
s signs who doubts. that the great battle for
r the institution is near at hand! Who
d doubts,that the Cotton States, acting under
- the first great lawv of nature, will bo forced
v Iron the repose of submission they are
is taking? Who doubts that the nost of the
d hotest men of the compromise party, whei
t they see the panic faith of their Northerr
n allies, in executing the only item of the ad
, justment favorable to the Sonth, will array
r themselves on thu side of Southern Rights
is men in all the States? I never had strong.
er faith of Southern co-operation than I
t, have now-unavoidable circunistances
I. must bring it if we do not act rashly, and
rt turn fri:uds thereby into enemies. The
t- c tuse of Sonthern Rtights has made won
e derful progresM in two years. The idolu,
s. trous veneration for the Union has made
it the sternest ditliculty in the way of. ou
Is friends, and demagogues seeing that at.
d tachment have taken advantage of it ant
a are attempting to save themselves from a
Ie just odium for deserting the cause of the
South, in the day of her greatest peril by
it singing praises to the Union and reading
le homilies over the ruin which disunion is
certain to produce.
g Iut, sir, the scales are fast dropping fron
il the eyes of the people. Five years ago
mm disuinon would not have been tolerated in
e South Carolina; but now, there is not on'
o Union man in this vast assembly. In the
I other Cotton States, newspapers and ora
- ors are openingly advocating Secessioi
I- and a Southern Confederacy, and the part
n is on rapidly rising ground. Tile'"UnionW
t, will soon he nio answer to constituents t
ir the betrayal of their rights. They hav<
ei cmnenced to calculate its value, to sec
II it it is worth preserving, just as our father;
L- did to see whether it would promote thei
interests and safety to form it Wheieive.
C a Southern man snakes the calculation
e, fairly and honestly with his own con
r scieiice, I have no fear thati he will after
-wards content to subitet to any wrong t,
- reserve it,
Iisnotk at the signs South. In our sister
a(ticergia, we see the acqhuesc;tts, appre
e hien daig the energy, and ta'ent, and mruts
,l her at their frieids themr, are burymig al
t, past diftferenies, and Vlhgs and Dem,
iv erats are meetmig in Clinvtation, to iii
- n te a (Jinion candidate for toverior. Whi
I. tl(.s alarm on their part, if they did no
4 dread the power of their adversaries--out
ir tr-ends. Isiok to Alabamna and .\ isisi1,1pi
A porunin of the press is w ith us, and can.
e tiidatts for the ditlbrent oflices are pledgim.
- Ilentiii ves to tie cause of Southeri
s. It ghats. Wlien bl.l party Ihes are ance
- irket down cll t.i, ay life upon it
S he soat hieria liiht' tmin will sweep lt
" whles Soith. litt du not let us des:at al
.by prenmature!y nao% inag. The night ot ouir
.Orn1 ans. ophpres.iani is nearly cunled, ail
" when riaty so nearly dawis, why will we
vetur to take a step that wall plunge u:
- :i: a deep abyis, when the morning ray,
wil soon show us a sa:e and cert.uin ave'
nue to our lonug sought homne. With;
i- U.a: i.f the Sou:l. or a part of the Sou:h
I! inrt lnguage tof the enler;b t'!e ChiLes
" Great God, a tale of subiiiision wil
d ne ver be told."
, et no Carolinian foster the thougit o
snbmission-let our liurposO be tialteru.
libly fixed to pers'evere, if neced be, years ii
ob-.uaiiin redres., foir past. wrongs, eith.:u
mui the Uniionm or by a Sotheriin Coiifedera,
I y et its entre:nt 'iiur Southern breth ri
it:. hale onl thiri atrrior to aimd us in chla.te
d .-; . inllUent. mappjr so;. All w..il v.1
a htwe!, aui I, bieheve tne, sir. there is'aL
1 dm:e of lit ng doi th-- mp:t of our pro
'pI. The senis' I fwrong anid injuiStce hi
ai 'eied tao lb'ep'y mmn thec.r harats, for tumi
C evei ;o tradll.:t, i:. Whien the prope;
2 iino m's 'or us~ to throwu 'm:1uce.~-;ii
I n'i'unltain th.t:tia ever raIl ed hisi ciii:
I i- mor 2 celerity 'r nlamcrity, tiian v.1:
- thei peeple of Soufth Cairobhna railly inh- la
- i i rimuthernihanner for S outthern ll'ghts, ;a
Sthe tir-t h,:d ung itf our Simiithorn allhes.
4 4Oneit iintr reiniarklmbefore I clo se, I hiave
- ranikiie'is. I tmok it woiubt he ~unfortii.
lilte, nay dvtissrmu:, [or us to act ailmne
\hiit the~ , cli'tititeil :iuthor.taes of the St-ilt
h live iiir honor and.. dt*:t.iir in thi.r lkeep.
hecn: ay, whlie'ber ray counlk's hie re
d eitd or lit, it wdml lbe in dtny andt mns
C' *'rry inin nbtin thei lhiuts of the S: ate
, .v wh-:n11h4 Staite a tn: hor:iis d1 art, to suis
EiI titm I .'l tbironigh il lihe varis.-utudeC 1
e I >rtune, 'i hprospeitiy :lidi m ltersiiy.
nj
Irt'fit the Smmit'eri Stari.htrdl.
I Sepaxate Nationality.
The I''re is ;i iient. riinv of the Sece's:i n
ii tc11ally,. wha w' rteg~ret to set' exinbit'ed at
-tim'nvieihe thire shiould b Ithe ulma let e.x
1,iswi reug.trd to~ the Selaeir:ite N.ationi:iht:
rt W ihi:(''nu hiihrtl'e'iri ri ieli asino
h lirueatil'l1it( ne e $iiul, adol~i thi inetrli:
asm' th e rts.t i urid h iet tal It'an " ori h i 'm
dl ti i rem'in i- iiy a s'' Jinralte Ictitlon, are4 ;
- e vry into is dubeii2 iniit'bF, wh'se! tto~iir
e' in imned a, ii is, r.ithrn bay the, proinlinmg
d I' p'~ iin aiii! pr'jiie', tini te tirie
'a ot it: Soft nil .,i 'iianent, is .stairte dlts .rvinj
'r of teriisr nt'i atiaon.
I-it ia:i7 hei, Ilhat thme twtijfrity 'f th-ii piar!:
y r'''ig'ard serssion~ inerely as a n;i aniit'ii Iel
rs fet* the itltiinate tabyj ut which S'ce*-simi
i-ts andit Co-oe'aratiotii.ts ahike proifess I
Ii ad lnitiomm of aimlter l Iii'-'-b4ut is tha
id, tinnlayt~ so iinconmsid.eramble as we hite! oii
ol Whdtaie I bhlve thati thme imlinber of thmmm
in'wh antiica2ite thiE estabbl.hiilienlt of : aje
e rat e 'ti miatminal ex\itenc'e itur Sthi t'airmhn
: siurt' I thati this (hun iS oniiEh inore~ 4or
I tEinplatIed andt I bearihbed, bmy the~ the i'lce
ug ' It ia oft thi';' r ll ian t ' il4r lipont th
mi init, hint wt coiui[miin. Thatii there ar
Ir iia li y elihe lanlers whm couniisel staeesl,,n
it who ire tsingly pern~.uaded, it thety arte wi
*r ab'.oluitely co'tnvinced~t, th~i lat he'-epriIte S,
im ci..nsl '' Sutha C.aaihna wi'll nou!ti
it mabout t hilt co-aoperaition wvhich thmeyprf
t .o to hav e blo e'art:estly) at Iaari, I t hiink
r amindattly proEn~aI hy theaa taone of' maniii
atheir pummbbieatms, tad of that apeechian
ii somne of their promtinint menh. WVhys,
this is not the case, do they .1intheir pam
pheits abti- speecheis enter into -spelfelab.
orate ddMills to prove, not only tllat' 3outlh
Carolina has resources which willfosufli.
cient to prqtoct her from any attempt that
may be used to coerce her-for so far it nay
be regarded as tho clictute of prudence, to
determine before hand whether they are
prepared toenecounter the perils which may
assail thein, before the other States have
titne to follow their ex inple, supposing it
does prdxince that result ; but also to prove
tIt the State is capable of miaintaining
alonc a respectable po.ition a:nong the na
tions of the earth ! The ptinphlet "Seces
sion Practically Consilered," tinder the i
signature of "Rtutledge," is devoted to an
e:laboratc investiuatim of wthat would be
the resources and revenue of the State if
she stood alone, :Ind it L leulat ion as to
what wo hi be the cost of sistaiin the
Goveri:ineit of the new iepublic.
In inany of the speeches of their leaders,
winch I ha: ,e heard, while they put forth
prominenly the argumient, tiit if we naake
an issue with the General Governient, the
other Southern States will be forced to join
with us, yet dwell with such complacency
and satisfaction upon the coimarison of
South Carolina w ith foreign States, inoro
insignhicait irn size and resources, who
have sicuccssfuI y mintainel their iiole
pendence, as proves that they contenplate
our placing ourelhes in a similar position.
These positions have been i naiitained in
somne of Mr. Ithett's speeches, in I he speech
of Mr. Culcock at the May (:invention, and
by Col. G;regg and ae. Adats, in their
recent addretn5 ii: Charleston. ( )ne of
the last naied gentlenen, (Col. Gregg,) in
discussing the argunent. that the secession
of South Caroia woulh cut her il 'frorn
the commerce of the othe r State, assuinted
as an hypothesis, that "if all the rest of^
North Amierica were sunk in the occan,
and that South C.aruhia reiained an islaid
with nothirg but Europe on the oie hI.and
autt Asia o:i the other," this would not ruin:
us; antil he took the pos:tin, that in the
event of .separate secession, our sitiationi
with regard to the other Sottherii States,
would not he inre d.sadviit.igeous, than
it would lie uiler h:s suppoled cont ingeni.
cy. We adduce ithis nt wih a view o
pioiting oit tallary, winch is transparent,
of assinng the twt, caes to bie identical
or even aniilageus in their eiB:cts ; but to
prove, that the :dea of a permanent naltuon
ality for South Carolia I, one, which can
be trace, II: ail tie spect lies ot the seces
sion ;enders.
Now I nay lie niet by alih' argiunent, that
although thee l-:oden, leel :assurel, that
5etetsstii wdll cau e tatiher States to uniite'
wit hi u. still it is tihle pirt of wisoiun to
prove what our eninditoin wil he, it that
hop(: dho Ild tinl us,.
'1'h.. :tritinne:It is. prhap;, a sutlic wint
jus'ili&tatanti (: tholi wa. b.I" h.nes:tly' bileen
thiat our se, t'. -.ut4 nio , w% ! j'roiducie tile
elle t w ini hi they 1ias.. t It t -:i1. it we
cunitenid thl-,t, Wv.thl luary' 41 ih-- h'a.derr, ;t is
.a jemini .1.nd strea.ph .:eg con.entat on
1th1a t the: St~tte now% !-V. h"1.1,..w. inn~t::i
Iher late- ahitne ! . l uo t o \\ t , tu: .n
1that, w hits is .r; thir, t t ..\.. . that the~
are sle.'eiving tine pe4pluie, ti ihoiei t; gait ii
thern taC,e hpes u! their ..niple : y o'hr
Suuthe:r States,
It is iiiai'v ! it is ho:net ili s to take
alvnitae t' 1h brave Spi'r;t o: a1 genertms
ie'tle-di'is to urge tip.>n thein, that tie
th<l:r' !:t:06 w.ii fullow tbr hr ex.anle,- if
they hase but the ieroniani "tail d.ring ta
taie the m:it.:u' e; aidii when, by such ap
p peal:, they have linded .etia'to the die.
tales of pr idence, to lead i hern into a if! as
ore w;h ch ti~hey:41 , : i' ceiii;.uted, anid
lor n hwhi tIn-y are' n:. p. r-i.
I:tua biii .: . i~a ~ to i . 'a l~y te t
. ;ri~- u ichna heti tciin1 n the
r,:ii..:.i ' l t " ' P - ', 6 : h : r :a .
~i2 ii.ie r2.' , -.4 ,o: e11! .'t et ~
.4iti le'u: h 1 .i a 'Ie': ' -;- d
.e\ t ' t 4444i . l' li.tg oiii
(.'mrheii .ir.n [h'rn S ,i w-~eie' ten
bleieelie . he i . h ii . .
aeh~lik ths the '" ::de e , 1:: .e ; 2
lth rat. (4 'h.: 2~. "o r t u , a.. 4 it thir:
o ',ti endtr 2. l'* - !4 i -! ' h l I- 1. 2
perc e.' es I ptr'e ce 'hc~r:. ret' rank.i
i llt~ h '44uw 1 2h .:1 i, -' 4 th :n h !a i }
leper . tr 2. .,, e '; .1rd' y uh. ;;t . 2 - ..
pro "haring a 'e 2rat .' n ed.ence
i tr-' y ~ 2o :,' 24 ,w,1 , nay he4 that2.,i the
-'itui nto- 4ta 1 i1h Itin i .: ' .4 he !e hei. btl
at .1hev i . Iee d u h it t'r.2' ll -e.4n21 n._, w1 i l ii
Jin , at, : .nin:, i 4 t4.e...e: le
- 'llt t 'at l' i ':.' ..-.\ 1' .tatc ist 2e' I- i t le.
net 'showince'l the.4 re1li.ito :nnrtit, ;tn!
I 4 p 1 r14-2ir~e ii; 4he to442 .. '' i co14 1 .h n 'i e
ii '.riii :ieste'.l 1~ \ i r1, 22er:.. 2 2 re e 'it i'len
}'tnl e dr 1ion4 u 111: ite e nist l the t,1
og at a. Ittl n-1 1 t 2.- hel r . The
t re It224 ' r ti. ~' .1 Iite e i 4rei4.11it ' -o
i'r'i-1:li i b t't t' -.t4i u a:~.'V li., t i e h iaia
rel ate toI --e .til': , I jl I.i !,: Ti on hll .
'1 'r t ii Still' - d4i :.4 :hO i il '.1j( -ral 41, It 41
II re14r, w412h an le a lze: 4 z t l tit-Hg o:i ,.
o it r4t :, lir2.1 14 --'41 i,.:4 , i'' h14 a i n n y of
- l~ctilri i I iTh4i.- r -b tho ni .
'4 '
". a
*
TIlE SUMTEI1 BANNFa, G
Sumterville, So. Ca.
OHN T. GREEN, EDITOR. Z
UESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1851. o
04f? Messrs. A. WmITE & Co., are
Lgents for the Banner in Sumtervillo.
Our Princitles.
"'T'here is one ,oint on which there can be no
iversity of opinion in the South among those c
ho are true to her, or who have made up their
ainds not to be slaves; that is if we should be
ircred to choose bet wren resistance and submission t
e should take resistance at all hazards."
A!.)I0I:.
" 'o do that, concert of action must be necessa.
y, nut to sarc the Union, for it would then be
i0 late, but to save ourselves. Thus in my view,
oncert ts the one thing needful.."--CAz.uouvn.
" What is the remedy ? I answer secession,
naitcd secession of the slaveholding States, or a
rirge numbrr of them. Nothing else will be wise
othing else will be practicable."-Cunvas.
CO-OPERATION TICKET.
FOR THE
SOUTHERN CONGRESS.
OL. JOllN H. PRESTON, of Richland.
OL. JA'S. CHESNUT, Jr., of Kershaw.
'o the Readers. of the Sumter Banner.
I n consequence of the determination of
he Publisher, that the Banner shall no
onger be devoted to those pr;nciples and
hat course of action which in my opinion
t is iropor for South Carolina to uphold
Imd pursue, my connection with this jour.
mud has, since it last issue, been terminated,
mnd it is by the courtesy of the gentlemen
who are for the future to conduct it that I
iow, through its columns, bid adieu to you
wtween whom and myself the relation of
eaders and Editor has,during some months
flst, subsated.
I dare not believe that the duties of my
,ost have been performed with any great
ibility. Of one thing only can I assure
vnself, that I have been influenced in my
rief political course by love for the State
ivhich gave me birth and which has encir
led w ith its protecting, fostering care all
hiit I hold most dear. That South Caro
ina should not, as to her political rights,
,e thrust down unresistingly to a lower,
ess honorable, place than that of her si.
er sovereig nm, that her liberties should be
IreLervedJ and transmitted as entire and
rc .I, when the canue forth with theme,
ctor:;: s. finota her first great centest With
Inc roich:n power, that she shiould ever
Sworihy of that ri.verential admiration,
Ihk! enthia:stic. love, with which Scuth
'itol:nians h:Ave ever regarded their State,
hat her g!ory as the home of frecrmen, and
heir hiappiness, as freemen who deserve
heir liberties. should be while the billows
ret tlhemselves against her coasts and the
rave Palmetto finds nouritlhient in her
,enial soil,-these have been my ardent
1e:ires, anid to these ends have mlly humble
mdeators been directed, whether erringly
>r not tine will show.
Ionly remaina now for ime to ask yur.
ai hilgent consideration of my imperfect
Itlrtt, and! to bid you a respectful farewell.
W. F. Bi. ilA YNSWORTII.
,-o' The Banner comies to its patronsI
aer chi inge d auspices its future course
2 d; d.t1'r mate~rialiy fruom that hithmerto ad
imeatedl by) it late liir. it is due to
'iurselvcn au. l to t he public that n e shsotil
ivy d'wni tihe po'litic~al formi we now J rephose
I''occupy. We belheve ilhat a Southe~rn
C:onfed~ramcy furnni.-es the only safe and
iiilitent mnide of resistance to the wrongs
ha t hmave been inmtheted upon tus. WVe be
here~ that the exi.,tence of slavery depends
iun thle concerted action of thmose imtr
sterd in its exi.stence. We are fully satin.
tied th t tihe Sepjerate Secesionm of South
LX.riha at thI:is t imme, nut onlhy brimngs no
r'mly! foir the evils comtaimned of biy hien,
buit only gives thern a moore aggvravatedl
chlaracter.
I loidinmg thlese iprsitions to be trutie; it
i ecimes iurduty to advocate such ins.
utes as have for thleir object time Cc-opera
thfon of our S.ater iStates, and to oppose the
v.in5 s f that party now earnestly etideav.
oilrmg to' tr mg about the Xepierate Seces.
.liii ci Siuthi CLarnhina.
E .'*' We roul attentioni to the vetry ableh letter
If 'a pm -' .$ SrmiTr.nm, to the. Darliington meeting.
it I' is omprehen~lsive., nnid ii every anyi) worthy
f' ille h.-ad ant iiheart of the nman.
i.' (in the" firait pa'ge will he, foundi aln arti
ebi. fromi the' k.rening Nears, rev'iew [ing the
"ituitled;;e i'aimphlet." it ii fromi thme pen of a
pw'ticai an i ani experieniced man1, andi conutains
ue think a~ compleiite refiutatiiin of the' errors of
iiuiIb-dg'. Tt-re alr*eiother articles, oni thme enme
*u -t, riom the i.amei siorce, wvhicth wVil be
putbh-thed ini formih-cioming moimbetrs. Wie can.
int i tu -.tronetlIy comuimend it to mhie attenmjtin of
%1001of (Ii., limn..3. L. Orr.
WVe pubbhiI to-day time speech of time
hi in. . . e ()rr ; D~elvered in the May
i'nnt cn. We aire induceed toi lay it be.
tore liur rieadern fromt the fact that it has
not! yet appieaired iln e ithier of our 1)istrict.
Wei pubbilinh m to-daiys issue the notice
of the' Alanagers of E-lections for the elec.
ion oif D ele'.ntes to the Southiermn Congress.
We pile~~ent also tihe names of Colonel
Jns S. lilti~woN,. of Rt chmlamds and Colo.
ne Jm Cuss~~wr, Jr., of Kershnaw, a.
ii nia tes from tihis Congressional ias
rict, to represent the views of those who.
a rei ipposeid to the Separate Nationality of
ioth i Car ol ina, butt whot aye in favor oi
io-operaittig withI t:: oquam~lly aggrieved
nister .Siiut hiern States. These gentlemen
are teo well known to theo pubbec that wo
dieem it mecessary to say but little of them.
Thuiis much, hoiwever, w~ill we venture
that tf highly cultivated understanding.,
s riing .iidgtnetnts, and sotund constitutional
v. ws and liberal sentiments, together with
rge personal interest in the result'of the g
)ntest now going on. high moral qualities y
nd true Southern hearts-if all these corn- c
ined present any claim to their fellow-citi. '
Ons for that Congress, which is to delibe- a
nte and decide upon the rights and liberties r
f our own State, as well as of those, to t
hrhom we are bound by so many endear- a
ig ties--then may we challenge for these t
'entlemen a personal weight, which will i
omnmand frot the patriotic citizens of I
umter District and elsewhere a large,
ordial and hoi.orable support. t
We take this occasion too, to urge upon 1
he public the great importance of this I
lection. If all that we hold dear in this t
vorld is really in danger, as we all believe, i
vhat stronger consideration could we pre- i
ent for your active interest in this cmatter? i
r'he Separate action of South Carolina is
ssociated in our minds with a future of
io dark and portentous an imoport, that we
.annot reconcile it with our sense of duty
.o let any opportunity pass without an
arnest and solemn appeal to our friends
mud countrymen to prepare for the strug
le which is before theis-to examine
close every suggestion wh:chm is offered to
zommend a measure, doomed, as we hon
eetly believe, to cut offevery hope of Union
with our real friends, and fatally to endan
ger those rights and liberties, the mainten
ance and presvervation of which we have
all so much at heart. Fro.m the most reli
able information we can command, we have
little doubt that Sumter District is opposed
to Separate State Action by a very strong
majority. Let not the occasion, then, of
Electing Delagates to a Southern Congress
slip, without manifesting the decided
interest you feel in the weal of your native
District and State.
Tournament.
Thle Committee appointed to make ar
rangements for the Tournament request us
to announce, that it will take place in
Sumterville on Wednesday the 17th of
September at 3 P. M. and to extend, on
their behalf, an invitation to the public
generally to honor them by attendance on
the occasion.
Co-Operation Meetinsg.
The citizens of Sumter District, opposed to
S,-parnte State Secession and favorable to the
Co-operation of other Southern States are invi
ted to convene at Sumter Court liout os, the
frat Monday in October nr.t- Adidresses,
sill be deltiered by Colonels Ciur.syr and
l'aESo, tie Co-operation candidate. for the
Soutihern Con;;re,.-and oither dis-ingutshed
persona are expected to-addruss the meeting.
ICOBERT %Ut.Daow, IRaCes itEY .Ds,
IATiLVw 1'. SinA as, WV'N. itAi.t..A KU,
Joins E iE.iss, J. J. KNox,
WI.LIAs lionemas, E. 31. ANutisox,
3. D. Asiumoa, Jiazs E. ItEnacar,
JoHN W. StucKEy, J. N. FaRigsos,
JAS F.. W:Tu amasrooN, F. J. MosE:s,
Jon E. 3Iut.hauw, JOHN II. l)IXON,
It. F. fluexsonr, lir:rar D. Gae::x,
Ezrxtict. KEELS, H. G. WITInEasrooN,
JouN J. Mooat, IW. if. Beaussa,
JoiN B. MILLERl, W. J. ItEr.90LZS,
F. SHeeRta, WaAsa A. MULDIOW
.. Jl.oaxa,. n, Jos2 (U. HE rR".
-Iem.LUM~ WzCS, -Tutomea 3. Coont. S,
Fur thme Sumter IBanmner.
A t'aUST 14, 1851.
Gentkmen.t~: I have received to-day, your
favor of time l'.th instant, inviting moe to
address a amass meeting of the peoIple of
Daringtonm, on thte tirst Mlonday in Septem
ber next. I regret that I canmnot be presenmt
ons ani ocao of so iniuchm iort to the
citizenms of Drhnmgtoni, at d to the coimmu
istry at large; but beg heave to tentder myv
thmanks fur thme cormplmenmt conveyed in the
Jin time present alarting state of thme
country, no mian shul~d disguise his senti
mensts, and if mny opinsionas as, a member
elect to thme conmvention of the people, are
of aimy Iiportance, yotu are enititled to have
them, simspiy andt plainly set forth.
I regret that a full dlt.eussion of time poli
cy of Separate State Secession, did smot
precede instead of followinig tihe call of a
Cuonvesntion. It seems to mime, nouhmsg was
better or snore advisedly settled two years
ago), thman that this State, should take coun
sel and co-operate wit h her sister States of
time South, amid I cast nouw inid iso act or
resolution of aniy legally constituted i1sly
ini this State, pledg nig time State to act
alone, ini case we shmould disagree with tihe
rest of thme South in the time, time miode, or
meaasure of redress.
Thie opisnionms of tihe genttleimen, who as.
semnbhed in Charleston, im May last, are en
titled to greast respect; but I aim not bound
by them, amid at time time, I unreservedly
expressed any determimaionm to be bounid by
nothnsg less, thtan aim uimequiviocal express
ion, of time settled contvictins, of~ imy iim.
imediate constitients.
I have always thought, that th separate
seetsion of tis Star i, alerded nto direct
practical remedy, for time evils of which we
co~mp jlatin.
What ini eiyect is the cause of thte alarm.
inig crisis, in public aittirs! It is, that thme
North, by the urganizationm, of a party op
posed to slavery as an instituition amid as
an element of political power, threatens to
destroy fifteen hunidred millions of slave
property, belonging to the South. What
is the immtediate danger, to be apprehend
ed from that party1. It is1 that by the exclu
sion of slavery, from acquired territory,
they will tmaintain a permanent majoriy,
competent to eff'ect itheir purpose, through
time action of the Federal Government.
It is this settled hostility to the institu-.
tion of slavery, which in effect makes the
North and thme South two people, and which
will emnd, in tinal separation, at no distant
day; and it is the duty of every puiblic
man, nows to see, that when that day comes
we shiall have a regular and stable govern
ment to resort to, for the protection of the
very institution, whose existence is now
inanaced, not only by the North but also
by the civilized govenments of the world,
with whielt we have intercourse. Such
01 *
overnIOfnt,formel of the paiit o
Pith an export .f; nthndred
an, I confidentibie, main~a
7he fact that our population furnielies
alloys, and that our harbors are Is
say compel us to take a defensive
ion, that of an agricultural pooplo * i
trong military organization; but, at lcast.
mnder such a government, should we want
nore room for our slavepopulation, whe.
he exigancy arises, we can take it.
But I do not see how the separate so
:ession of South Carolina, will abate the
settled hostility of the North and the world
o the institutions of slavery. Our expjr
:annot command the market of the O'rld
md conquest is out of the questions.
suppose, now, that the secession will b ,
ndced separate, and that no other Sti
viil join us, which is one of the alterni#
tives, propounded by the separate action :arty
arty.
Granting that we could maintain our
elves, in a small way, the spectacle of the ;
South, broken into fragments, at the first
serious demonstration of our enemies,
would be to them a glorious triumph; they
would persuade themselves, either, that the .
institution is net worth extending, or that-k
the South is incapable of union, and therm
fore of self-government, their hands & their
hearts would be strengthened against us.
Much less, can I see, how separate seces.
sion, can regain the balance of power
which we have lost, which was on our
side, when Texas was admitted, with the
privilege of making four slave Stater, but
which is now reversed. Whether it can
be regained in or out of the Union, it is
certain that South Carolina does nothing to
regain it, by seceding from the line of
Southern States, but in effeet restricts the
area, upon which her own slaves, are here
nfter and forever to subsist.
So great and unansweruble, are the ar
gunments, against separate secession, that
the separate action party, no longer con
template it as an end, though thny do not
deny that it is an ultcrn atice; but they
suppose, that by seceding alone, they will
precipitate an issue, which will end in the
dissolution of the Union, and in the forma
tion co instanti, of a Southern confederacy:
I object to this experiument, because, i.
not successful, it leaves us, but one alter
native, to set up for ourselvcs, as an inde
pendent nation, thus withdrawing our
forces, in Congress', in the presidential
election, and in the -eneral pehitics of the
country, froni tlu' :ide of the South, as !on
as it reinauis in the IJion, and cxposing .
uF, to be harasscd, distracted and beaten in
detail, before the South is ready to form a
Gova rnment. upon a stable and permanent
basis, out of the Union.
I object to the rxj:rrimnt of forcing oth
er States to join t -. because from the best
lights I can gather, and from the opinions ;y
of men, in wham i ho been taugt t
contfide, I.think Itob la, nre~c
-il~ y .:. aghtt6
I objecti in ~e mon 5Nic
Southern States are to bif forced into ti e
struggle.
This is a Governmnt of opinion, but
finding optinions agaiinst ut, wenoproe
to re-ort to arims.
Secession of itself, will not I ring thern
to co-operate with us, in framing a Southt. -
erni Governmient. It is probable, that no
amiount of peenntiairy loss, or commercial
antd agricultural distress, will brintg them to
our side. There must be a conflict of arms,
and it is supposed, that the tirst gun will
britng the Southern chivalry to i'.s feet.
In toy opinion, Geintleumen, that depends,
somewhat, upon rcho fil s first. As long as
the other Southern States stand aloof, the
Gsovernnment is perfectly competent, wvitir-~
out tiring a gun. to protect their interests,
in the collection, ot reve-nue, sufficient for
its due aduministration, leavang us to the en
petrimlenit of a sep'r ito natiality, which, I
believe, will be iimmediately fatal to our
pirosperity as a peole, amnd remotely, to the
cause ofSounthern inditutions ; and irn that&
position, "cabin'd, cribbed, contined "we
will reamin, uniless we take the initiative
anid commernce the u-ar.
WVe are. theni, to point the first gun, not
to secure or defend a separato nationality,
whieb we dlo not in reality desire, and wvhieh
does not restore the balance of power~ or ex,
tend our institutions, but on the contrary
restricts them ; but we are to shed the tirst
blood, to excite symipathyv, to secure co-op
eration, and, as the lirst step, to a naw,flrn
and stal1le Governineont, wit hout thme assur,
ance, from the auth~orities of a .ingle Stat4
that they will synmpathiizo in such a move,
ment. Trnly, we miay pause, before we.
conutnit ourselves, to this bloody issuet
which, to imake the best of it, oight proba,
bly end in a separate, and let mue adds a
crippled nationtality.
Having takent my position, against theo
practicability of separate secession as a
mecans of restorinag thte balance of powot'
ini the Governtmnent, before the election fori
the Convention, w~hien, I suppnsed I was int
a very smunall minornty, I shall not easily be
induced, to recede from it, at a time, wvhen
I ant oncoutragedl to think, fromt indications
in every District, and whetn your names
gentlemen assure me, that the people begiq~
to pause, npon the edge of untried experk
ment,
I have no ideit thtat the Government wIll
attemp~t to coerce thte State by force of
arms; and ushould c IArgin the contest,
and should it fail in seecuringr co-operation,
and a stable Southern Government, victory
would conducet us only to the point weo
startedl from, a separate nationality.
Other consequences, to our prosperity
and to our institutions, I leave to your im,
aginmations, I do rnot wish to he misunder
stood, ncor delwsh to excite alarm,
know that oulh Carolina cannot be itub,
dtted. The taditions in whieh; we hayd