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POLITICAL,
. gfois the Lharleston Evcning News.
e eilodge PauinpauIet..
.y ; thtiiwriter's calculations there
great want of precision, that
kifficult to make out his meaning
any; dtstinctness ; and nothing
ttheedioncy which his produc
io is hasobttiined, where the means
a Q.flot :at hand for conftltation,
uld lhatve induced the attempt to
eentangle, his donceptions. The
owing is found in his pamphlet,
Unier the 8Q cr cent tarif, now
:n opdzation- our imap2rts, or which
Os the cane thing, our exports, add
S he Geued : > (;vernment an annu
' ' KQyonue of about 4,000,000."
?dthe sau (igo a ,littlo' }er.
e$ A o' market by
Qedis to iim their eqniv
S&rhand , c. Under
t re'nb tariff, .thon, we should
a revenue of about$4,000,000."
avs we haye seen, he has es
tiq ted the Northern gini fron the
- riff; with freight, comuissions, ex
change,. &e.; son' Sonthern exports
ndgmi-orts at $5,000,000 annual
ly :, ZDut in le. above paragraph he
Computes the. annual: tax paid in
South Carolina, on account of the
tariff at $4,000,000. Would lie
tyreduce the Northern profit on
4pAxports and imports, including
thrshi to only 1,000,000?
e.hedc shown that the freights
alorn' cannot amount to less than
$2,60000 per annum. lie has
here so blended all the sources of
, -*thorn profit, real and imaginary,
spresent'no distinct ideas on the
et. We have, already separated
lioaex ibited in combination,
and treated 'each branch, freight,
exchanigd inereantile profit, in a dis
tin' m, with the excepuion of the
Sine, however, Rutledge
d uc onthe tariff, we wi I
eay g words on this subject.
Mit isaone of the u~ost diflicult of
c~ulations, in the whole range of
't complicated investigation, to ar
rivo at the amount of foreig~n gogds
cenaumned in South Carolina, ati6
basis of an estimate of the annual
sum in duty she pays under the pres
Arit tariff. We have supposed that
$4 per head round, as the multiple
bf lier population, would. furnish the
nearest* approximnative result.. We
find that the last annual Treasury
N~dpoirt gives an average for several
years down to 1850 of about 5,50
h~por capita, for the consumption of
.foreign goods, by t1~ pop~le of the
nge 8tates. The Isverage would
he lss n SuthCarolina. 1.. F'rom
tlu~Qult, nearly one half, of our
poptilation. 2. From thle weoll
~'on afrugal habits of .our people,
ppumhtugih less of foreign goods
tthe people 'of .Georgia. or Ala
bammt. If he consumption of South
Caolira is Ostimiated at $4 per head,
main, Moman, and chilk, ,it would
'gI aall nun'hensump.
ui by pra'etical rpont to
an over-estimnitpa But we have
r . oishigh-.aft avcrage for con
,pk~ per capita, ss wvill giv a
~6Ith t Sthe a do $ boh g
w1Rtldgohas e~p~J
9 .d.
give t,:yaluo ofdutiably foreign 6d$
annu'ally consumedin in ou tCaiboli
ntiof not above 30 pr ,000, hi
.under a duty of .0: percentWould
make uio annual contribution 6f this
Stato to the -Treasury of tho. Union,
on account of the tariff, $450,000
per annum. Rutledge makes the
.amount $4,000,000.
But as this writer may allege that
he does not included the tax paid by
South Carolina into the hands of the
manufacturer, from increased prices,
as tho'result of his monopoly, a very
few remarks will show that. there is,
in reality, no addition to the tax on
this account. From consultations
with practical men largely engaged
in the wholesale trade, we !find that
three-fifths of. the dry goods sold for
Southern consumption are of domes
tic manufacture, and of a class of
fabrics which could not be imported
unless with loss, if the duty were en
tirely removed, which on coarse
woollens and cheap priced cottons, l
has long since ceased to be protec
tive. Of the other two-fifths of im
ported dry goods, they constitute a
description which are not fabricated
in the United States. It we oven ad
mit that three'fifths of the whole con
sumption we pay an enhanced price
on articles, supposed to be protected,
equivalent to the duty, 80 per cent,
which is impossible, with this addi
tion the imputed burden of the tariff,
paid~in all fornms, will not exceed one
third of the sum- estimated by Rut
lcdge. But we are fully satisfied,
from the above data, that V. dces not
go beyond $500,000 per annum,
which is :ne-eighth of tutledge's
$4,000,000 annual tax paid by
South Carolina, on account of the
tatiff We thus see how small an
impost is magnified into a' rushioig
x <Still i.:SQuL .trohiia wvere
:T' Jna33:1 C -L
systeof i atumou ? ston idh
no wi~rc ,I'e.9 than she escaped, b
throwing off the tai ff burden of hall
a million of dollars per aimun, how
would this impost ihartake of a difle.
rent " haracter to that which she now
pays, as the price of protection with
in the Unien? In both cases it will
be a revenue tail. Whatever may
be the expense of supporting a na.
tiomnal establishment w ithin the limits
of South Carolina, that expenses must
be defrayed by direct or indirect le
vies, and if it costs mnre or less fur
separate than united Government, so
would there be Inure or less taxation.
But all this is not so surprising as the
discovery by Rutledge, that a tariff
I
imposed on the whele imiports con
su-ncd inl South Carolina dometiec
and foreign, would in case of sepa
rate secession be no inure burden
some than one imposed, at the same t
rate of duty, on onc-fourth of these
imports, while inl the Uniun, for this
is the proposition of Rutledge, the
practical consequences of w hich we
will in our next inrestigate.
SPEECH OF THE HON. J. L. ORRl.
Delire'redl on the 7thi of Mlay ha, /><iore the
Soutehern Rishts~ Asociation in Charfcs
iMa. Pui.:sI)nn-r: I am profound
ly impressed with the respionsibilit yt
of* the position I occupy in venturin a
to differ in opinion withi a largo ma-i
jority of the intelligent and patriotic
1:ody I have the honor to address. <
But, sir, this convyocation of South
Carolinians fromn every district and
parish within the territorial limiits ofl1
our common mother for mutual coun
sel; and I am emrbohdenod in my pur
po0se to express myv sentiments when
I remember that my counsels, hum-i
blo though I know them to be, fall
upon thme cars of my own countrymen,
I have scrutinized by anxious thought
and patient investigation, the prpo
sition for South Carolina, under)e-<
isting circumstances, to secedle from t
thme 1ederatl U.nion alone, anid have
tried to satisfy myself that it was the
correct policy for the State to pur
sue. I felt thme more solicitous to act
with thme majority of this Convention, I
when I observed so many honored I
and trusted friends, earnest and cin- I
thusiastic advocates of imm.Tediate
State pection. Tfo separate from them
when wo all concur in the wrongs'si
inflicted on us by the General Gov
ornmnent, andI teu necessity of re
di sing these wrongs is the most1
n~iful trial to me personally. of my I
~tical life. My judgment condemns'
ifi of . our afluairs ndnyo.
cioncah~no beoutmred by dis.
relmg ii I knoWa. sir, that the
jlhbro and perhaus through
mut tih e ato, is ovelieRtnings but
na jori e have no terrrs to my mind
[' ai: =are that 1".sgall oEt into a
;mallet: minority, here or elsewhere,
ban I have been placed heretofore
)n a different theatre in battling for
h6 rights of South Carolina.
'If wycountrymen desire a victim
)ecause of the fearless expression of
>pinion; I am ready for. the sacrifice;
)ut let me say once for all, that the
old noglqct of former friends, nor.
ho taunts of enemies shall ever
ciidle in iy bosom, any feeling not
a' unison with the interests, the hon.
r and the' glory of my beloved Car
>lina. My counsels may be rejected,
ny name perchance covered with op.
)robium, but no son of her's will sus
ai with more eniergy, her cause and
ortunes when the rubicon shall have
een passed, than myself. If I pur
uo the dictates of my judgment,
et the issue be what it may in the
uture, I shall
"Feel within me
A peace above all earthly dignities,
A still and quiet conscience."
The action of the spoliation Con.
,ress has inflicted so serious a blow
gainst the institution of slavery> that
ts preservation in the future re
uires the separation of the slave
iolding from the non-slaveholding
tates, and the organization of the
ormer into a confederation under a
iew Constitution. There is no rcas
nable hope that the injustice of the
ast will be redressed, or that securi
y for the future can be obtained, and
ur peace and prosperity both con
pire to point to a Southern Confede
acy as the only means left to per
etuato the institutiodi vhich oui
athcra :efqetathed is. New g
;rcgsions are-pot e he l n
one iy t e: hcriSrible ". adjust
aent Congress" to alienate perma
ently the people of South Caro
nia lrom the Federal Goveriuent,
ad we had fondly hoped that our
iel!ow-citizeiis of the Southern States
ere pre:ared to resist the wrongs
one them at every hazard. Vir
iiia was the first to plant her colors,
ud I am sorry to say was not the
ist to haul them down. The major.
cy. in our sister Geergia have retreat.
d from the declaration of her Leg.
llature, that the admission of Cali
>rnia would be sullicient cause for a
issolution of the Union, and have
reeted a new platform, which con
noplates new aggressions, before
be will act decisively. Others, per
a;:s, are willing to acquiesee, if no
ther assaults are made on our insti
itions. However painful this state
tent of facts may be, it is stern truth,
nid demands our serious considera
on before we venture to take all re
ress in our own hands, and enter
pon the untried perils of revolu
ilo.
Will the secession of South Caro
na alone, result in establishing a
~outhern Conifedcrney, or in .redress
~g past grievances? Tfherc are few,
any, who would favor accession if~
bey believed that South Carolina
lone, would constitute a liepublic,
idependent of., and isolated fr: om the
ther Southern States. What are
ut; hopes for sympathy and co-ope
ation, when wo take the step) -aL
tep, which once taken, cani never be
onorably retracted. Thle cotton
states have the same dlestiny and fate
ecfore them that we have, and ulti
cately, they will co-operate with us,
I our rashness does niot diestroy our
riends there, and enable a common
nemry to divide and alienate those
vhio must be common friends, or all
vill perish. What are the prospects
1f sympiathy and co-operation from
hat qjuar ter, if we act niow? T1here
re individuals scattered all over the
south, who are prepared to sustain
is with their blood and treasure.
L'hey sympathise deep~ly with us, an~d
ierhaps feel greatty h umailitated that
heir own States are njot arousing
romi their lethargy to sustain us; but
he overflowing patriotism is no orite
.ion by which to judge of the com-.
nunlity, even in which he lives.
~Iany of~ our gallant brethren, scat
ered all over the South-~west, urge
15 to strike, and the bugle's first
>aust will find them shiouldgr to
houlder with us in resisting the Io
lions of a miereonary Government at
W'ashingtton. but their feelings are
give me men of imp(1i4e to accom
plish deeds ognoblo idating, but in
the counsel chimber, the. man olrc
flection is most to b-heeded: I
have taken some painte# tinform my-.
self of the sentiments: eotortained by
our Southern frientdei ongress
men who never j d,= and whose
cheeks never blnc 'eh scores of
Southern men. were' deserting the
cause of the South and going over
to the enemy in suppni-t of the Com
promise-men wlho stood firm and
unmoved in opposition to that odious
measure, and whos;:. stalwart arms
struck as many effici nt,;blows in de
fence of the betray4 south as the
ablest and best of y ur' own Repre
sentatives, and I do a there, that
their voices were unanimous against
the contemplated seces~sn of South
Carolina, and I call ipbn my honor
ed colleges, who may follow me in
this debate, to attest the truth of
this declaration, that our friends are
not only unanimous 4giinst secession
but they have importuned us not to
take the hazardous stqp. Many of
them say that such ;action will force
them to disapprove oftour course be
fore their constituen --that our se
cession would overwhelm the South
ern Rights party in'ovory one of the
Southern States, and-that wild pmcans
to the glorious Unid i will fill the air
and drown principle- rights and re
sistance to wrongs. They say that
the tide of fanaticisin is onward, that
the peace which th outl,.has, ac
quired by all the ,unders which
she has made to fry l, is teinpora
ry and short lived pt new egres
sions, and'3,compl lure to carry
out the compro easures, will
forde their constj to throw off
tlet e boldly fr
Fhay tco usl of plo of South
heir cour age or*ea -on their pur
pose by standing upon their arms un
til troops of their fiends are prepared
to form into line with us. These
are, . believe, the opinions of a large
majority of the Southern Rights
men. Where, then, are we to look
for encouragement if we secede alone?
The compromisers are all against us,
of course, and some of their leaders
have declared their purpose to draw
the sword against South Carolina if
a collision ensued with the Federal
Government. The first enremnies we
would have to meet to save an insti
tution conimmlon to the Southern coun
try, would be our brethren-equally
interested in its preservation with
ourselves. Could timaticism the of'
spring of an infernal deity, conceivo
a consummation more devoutly to be
wished for, than one Southerrn State
to be warring aganst a sister/' Will
we, by our rashness, take the fatal
leap which alone can destroy our in
stitutions? We have staring us in
the face, the declared hostility of
more than one-half of the people of
the South, and what will be the meca
sure of sympathy fromn our- fiinds,
even, whein they impor-tune us unot
to do the ac-t, which we irely upon to
unite themn. No man hams a higher
appr-eciation of the si itrit rand intelli
gence of thle peeple of South Caro
lina than I have.- They ai-o ardemt
impulsive and coursageous, even to a
fault. Bunt when a whole conuntoni
wealth is involved in the miost vital
interests, ini the decision which is tu
be made, discretion shoul~d not be
charaterize'4d as cowardice, and prti
dence as timidity. Courage is noet the
only quality for a soldier-, munch less
for the general or leader-, lhe should
have fortitude, wisdom, coulness,
straLtegy- qualities ind5ispensible if
you would save your-self fmrm the
sneers and ambushiea waich a wily,
adversary may spre-ad befor~ne you.
We find our-selves in an awkward di
lemma, of being the sulbjccts of' a
bitter hostility fr-om a major-ity of our
sister States, who have a common im
tteet and ii common destinty; ansd the
friends we have in their- midst repro
bate our remedy. Is it wise to stand
upon our ni-is until, at least, one of
our giators shrill have precpar-ed her
cohor-ts to sustaini us, or shall we
rush, regarmdless of consequences, Oin
what I conceive to h~ certatin destrue
tioni? Aroc we to purisue a policy
which cannot remedy existingv giev
ances, andi which, when-t pressed1 toj
extremuities, will r-esult in a dlisastrous
defeat, if u~ir-remidable destruction
and digraed With gr-eat raspect
for' the mar oritg of this enyotion,
I mi be penited to spy, tba u
ordinance of.dsegession o:; e ad 3
by'Ae Convention wh*en it meets, is
t rizon of thenr prospects I
hear a gentleman say, do your.duty e
-asatiming that it is the .dattof. a
South Carolina to secede .alo a nd
leave the consequnces-to God: 1f. I ,
could be satisfied that it.was thhi'duty
of South Carolina to secede alone, '
then I might subscribe, to the senti- I
ment. but failing to perceivo the I
slightest reason for such a course, I 1
will take the, liberty of, discussing t
some of the results. of practical so. t
cession, by looking to-consequences i
which will inevitably follew in its
wake. I concur very generally in the i
views v 'h have been presented to I
the Convention this m g, by your .
able, gifted and patrie c Sen or,
(Judge Butler) and I feel pertly
satisfied that the interests and chival- .
ry of Carolina will sufbr ' no'detri- C
ment in the opinions I. may hokd, I
when they aro sustained by ouch a1
man; one whose whole life, and the l
lives of whose family have been t
spent in building ap and adorning the.
well-fare of hid native State. ]
Let us, then, first assume that we
will be permitted to retire peacefully
from the Union: What will be our
condition ? We will become imme
diately, a Foreign State; and our in
tercourse with the Union, as well as
all othier Nations, will be goverid
and cdntrolled by treaties that we
may be able to negotiate, and by in
ternational law.. All the commerce
going out of the State, whether it
consists in agricultural products or in
inerchandize, will beilihjected to the
payment of such a duty in going into 1
any other State, as the Fedejal
Congress may from time. Atime im
pose. 'Not a bal of c "ja pound
of rice or tobacco, a,
a i ut, a-don Some o
a high duty; and let it be ruinci,
ed that no legislation by Congress
would be necessary to put such a sys'
tern in operation- The present tarifY,
which averages about 26 per cent.
un all imports, would be equally ap
plicable tothe commerce of South
Carolina and Canada or Great Bri
tain, all being Foreign Nations to
the Government of the United
States. Our friends left in the Un
ion could not, if they desired itdpre
vent the imposition; for if they pro
posedto reduce the existing tariff,
they would be met by the manufac
turing interest of the North, which
have controlled, in a great measure,
the legislation of Congress for thirty
years or upwards on this subject, and
it p~repondlerating in the .National
Congress, they would be defeated.
W ?hat then would become of the
bright visions of an increased and
prosperous trade which Charleston
would obtain under the low duties we
would impose--say only ten per cent
onm imp!Jorts? It is true that the
eriaor Alabama merchant could
buy his goods in the Charleston
Imaruket fir 10 per cent, less thaun in
INew-York, Boston or Savannah,
and' ho can buy now in European
ciuties goods at 26 per cent, less than
in New- York or Savannah, but it
would avail lhin nothing by the time
the goods were placed on his shelves
at home fur sale. lie makes his pur
ehase in Charleston, and there paysI
10U per cent, our taril. lie takes
them to Augusta or Savannah, and
whenever they reach the west baunk
of the river, an oflicor belongi ig to
the United States revenue service.
requires him to open his bo0xes andl
bales, and exhibit his invoices. Hie
is then assesased and compelleda to pay
a dluty of 20 per cent more, making
in all a duty of 36Gjer cent he has
actually paid, when' lhe could have
purchased thme same goods in Savan
nahi or New-York at 26 per cent on
ly. How is Charleston to maintain
her-self in competition with these ci
ties, when they have an advantage
of 10) per cent over lher? fly smug
gling, I suppose. WYell, sir, Z imag
ine that no uimn whno had any preten
sionus to statesmanship, or who valued
personal character very high, . would
deliberately calculaton maintaining
the commercial interests of a R~epub
lie by smuggling, which is at best on
ly a respectable petty larteeny, - do
not understand that any of thq advo
cates of Stato action here, favor any
such a poliefky T1horcomnoreo of
Charleston mat lang i erishy
for twothir~of~k t
L (ird?iis cmpi tely ct .off,'or
:: Indneestee6 to piaep i
%hrstndis a til ,oe.
oin are riay fay t aw G'o La.
nd 'Alabima w 4 cme dissa
3fod with it and findi tiit g9cils
ould ho purchased ;e:o por: in'
;h'arlestai than ,Ner , :iey.
rould' otrsubinithof er ctida)
dy reply Qthis h .mirial
nterests of.: A t: ana Au to
truldeb delig feti 0
ormidable aniv Cl arlespnt1
hey wouldinat i'
mposed upon 6rtrad to' "the t
nost of thpir ability; i4 f noth9
Inswer is still more conolsive.
he fact of an ability to-irchas
;oos, in Cbarlpton at a lower, rate'
voul dissatisfy them and mike
hem unwilling to py the duty "hy
s it that they are notfnw disstisfi
d with- the- revenued ts of the 44W
ed -States, and arm o resist them,
vhen they can buy goods- in Liver:
iool Manchester or in BirzfdIham
wenty' six per cent cheapr thn in
.sew .k 'or Charleston? It the
?eral Government would impose
io tariff, these Georgia and Ala
ianit merchants could buy. and sell
0 per cent cheaper than they do.
still they submit to pay 26 per;
ent more now than they courd
,therwise buy at. Yet the induce
vent of getting 'them 20 per cent
ower in Charleston than in Now.
York, after the secession of South.
,arolina, is to di atisfy them, and
hey are to raise the statnlard of rk
cllion'against the. Government. -
['hey will cheerfully submit to a los of
16 per cent, but wiWtight to thp death
efore they will submit to'alos e of36
for cent. flow visionary is.pa hope
lien, ou - can save the commerce
it Ch k r r2i. o
'nd b? t s.rear tis
.liklhu. ow aIdf a
ride t ho Stane
Would the Federal GC o r iepis
nelined to make a comtn'ercial tr ty
a hich would obviate these formidablo
liflicultiis and give ti the "rebell pus
Statn of. Sduth-Curdlieu ' commnrdial.
rivileges greater iban all the other no.
ions ofthe globe?: Is there a member
>f th's Convention who believes for 'a
nfoment that the Federal Gvern ent
vould feail on every occasion td i to'
dIl the shack les and :rictions ll
he connfgtptionswould 191
Wo ho ' Ishown that two-third!:QE
he commerce of Charleston vill take
vings to itself and fly away-that:
gg t oruin will stalk" througl her
treets. Capital now actively employ.
*d will be withdrawn. Your internal
n provencots in the interior, for want
if business, will decay and go to waste;
mnd all in an experiment toforce our
bcighbor to join us in a common quar
el, when they are unwilling to embark
i it, and when the groat purpose in
riew-vir.: the establishment of a
outhern Confuderacy-may be de.
'ented by our inconsiderato zeal to
barash ofrtheo blu.hing fruit before it
:as ripcened, wvhen time itself will cr.'
ainly causo ;it to fall,
in our supposition, we are out ofthe
jnion, surroundekd hv all the incop,
'eniences to whlich 'I have ndverted,
aow' would the Governmenat be Inclined
a us? Our sister Southern States
iould have no great symnpathy for us,
mnd the highest prof of that i, -'they
-ehuso to yo with us. The little syret.
nthay which vibrates in their bosoms
'or Carolina, would soon ho dissipatedJ,
mnd aler ti .lowi'ng mailter:
Iher 'ern men who are
n.f~ justice under the
only argutient thiey
mave been offler to the fantlob
aosts of the North agaianst pIUIP
heir'crusado of a "I'ti 'iesbn Qt
langer to the Ut g11 tht4p
Lnidti was of Imn 3rijrg 7
1ubdued the tidhe.G T'
jelieve that Ihe'Uniioni p
dhavery; ard hoo jh
vith so ajich portian6 thiliru;atoii
I'ho Syrtin' a2 fbw tito a~
:ausers them to'pasd buf M~s e
f the 'Comnprons.
meces of Georgiut a e '1Q'Ijol
aolinding thrps&'awh
weil destro l a~
Souath, agitatio/nll Ra)t~~ ed
aith more Ii cness thariever, l
..'onproi 111ll heocmpelle
ieved they were ninkt'l ote-i
hemnselves, to resast nlew1
3u f weaa ,to tt
!I C
othe 1iE:.$ggo
l oiihen ftsw 1'
sosWi~e' fol d
w~b aQeviorable }
And ;w by Becau th.b
:11~ dternmInd to: ~iii tbh
~ttes' no ezous , wli
Unipa, hotw Cipt~ld ~ru g
ctb.cludo th~at the voi~
erpnlent, 14 heni' iqpp~e
can wejiboed thatithryrw, t
nd . neill its' inmei
pence, cjuieandi6__
V penace =W6 hi t
controllng reaoBSi' .
share our Kurd. 'o fl&
air,=after havfii 'Fui
years, "inn a yti ' ori
separnn:existena twhC
failure, pbiagrtn fret
disastrous tort no
hopes n ri j b
ajosiyofrth Mite
WhOO 1 ii 1
abo pctp* nu
Altou Thn II ?,a"
theg r c #~
ln erO o4flA O A'
stat it'm boe Ia~n x 1. " j
-"Altf Wb f :u
yet ti paer e, .hntiai
prsete. dvu {v .
tharlin, ae iin
engl n oe r m id i. . liateot, l
thylnet' ''Qfai
wate1perY Wq~-j
wouled )cv =a'diuy r:if; .
all fo, b'Qu, iI
neow d t fre 'oul '=~i
more, whs oacai
; oi nare m in"n lad ori mIad ol a ;
thie old a'i ciV t ':