Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Tlairty-Firut Congress. Second 8esqion. VasnuG'role; Feb. 17th, 1851. SeTam. Mr. Fitch presented the credentials of Mr. Cass, re-elected for six years from March next. Petitinns were preented for and against tle.aas dmoents of the patent laws. MJlIiller presented a petition that naval voes -ho sent to California to bring home emo Amoricans now there. ir. lihmlin presented a petition from Maine, praying for a repeal or mioditication of the Fugitive Slave Law. lie mnoved tta,it, be rofcrrod to the Judiciary Con. mttto. No objection being mWade, it was referred Mr. Bu:i-t slid he did not care whether the petition was referred or not, he woula hdive nothing to do with the subject. The aw. might be repealed or not. 'Mr.' Atchinson moved that the vote referring the petition be reconsidered. There was no reason why the petition -presented by the Senator from Maine, ahbuld be referred, and the same petitions, presented by the Senator from New York, -should he laid on the table. M Mr. Imlardin said the Judiciary Committee had ,the subject of a modification of the -fugitive Slave Law before it, a bill to that effect introdneed by Mr. Bright having already been referred to it. Mir.'Berrien pointed out the difference between this petition and Air. Bright's bill. The latter was to declare the law of 13 not repcnod. The petition wits to repeal the Jaw. Mr.. Seward said the Senate records showed that petitions to make the slavery laws more stringent are received. A bill to make the Fugitive Laws more rigorous " is also referred. Petitions for a modification of the Law, and to make it less rigorous are. r-fuse:l a reference; when Senators from Pennsylvania present such petitions they are received and referred, while petitions of the Senator from New York aro laid on the Table. He would vote sgaais the reconsideration because le was ins favor of exact justice to all alike. The motion was further discussed at gren length by Messrs. Badger, Bradbury. Bent on, fa te. Foote, and others, when M r. flradbury moved to lay the motion to re -consider on the Table. Rejected. Yeas :16-Nays 33. The reference was then re. considered and the petitiot- laid on the table. Mr. Clay ,affered the following resolution. ied solved, That the President be request. ed to lay before the Senate, if compatible with public interest, any inforination he may possess in regard to the alleged recent case of forcible resistance to the execution of the laws of the United States in the city - of Boston, and to communicate to the Senate what measures he has adopted to meet the -oecurrence, and whether, in his opinion, tpy additional Legislation is necessary to .meet the engorcing of t.o case, and to more rigorously execute the existing Laws. Mr. Seward offered the following res. 'olution Resolted, That the President he requested,' if compatible with the public in. terest to communicate any information he .may possess concerning the forcible abduc. tion of any citizen of the V. H1, or of any persons living under their ptnt .ction within the Territory of New Mexico, and of lais Convoyapce to be reduced into Peun servi tucin the Republic of Mexico, hlo%6'Wrd laid-;over ,-iIRr-xi o" p esontl a petition from New egareel of the Fugitive Slave uth. N~fe~ avaa vessets to receivo and ~ring to this country Eossuth and emnpan Mr. Rtisk moved to take up the Postage 'bil, and airier debate it was agreed to. .Dir. Rusk offered a aubstittute for the bill. -Mr. Seward nioved to amend so as to snike , the uniform rate or two cents on etesto be prepaid in every instance. Mr. Rtusk advocated 3 cents prep~aid 5 cerits oilier. Mr. John Davis advocated 3 cents. Mr. Drayton agreed with Mr. Ruak. Mr. llamhin wvas in favor of Mir. Seward's rnendment. Adj'd. * House of Representatvev. *Mr. Ba:yly asked the general consent of ihie House to offer a resolution making the gener~al ;ppropriation bills the special order of t!Ie day for to-morrow. and to be continu. -ed until they shall be dlisposedl of. Mr. Stanley-WVhat wotid become of the River and Harbor bill. * r. McLane, of Md.--The resolution nvoiuld cut it off. Stanley-I object. *Mc. Baayly moved to suspend the rules; but thie moation did not prevail. Thei Iouse then went into commitittee on .the River and Harbor bill. Mr. McIane, of M., closed die dlebate. Mr.'Clark ofiered an amendment which, *after dlebate, wvas agreed to, 58~ to 46,appro priating tena thousand dollard for the iam *provemenit of Sackett's Harbor arnd remuov ing a U. St alos ship sunk there. Mr Ih iyhy remarked, that the general a p. *propriationi bills are in great peril, and wal *be in gr~ea tperil to.mnorrow. There are limt twelve days of the session left, and eleven g enerall appropriation bills to be acted on. These bills have to go to the Senate, and the amendmnents acted on there when they comeO back. * orrespondono. of the Courier. WVAsmuxo-roN, FPsa. 18. I found the Senate yestorday, engaged irI nd.bate of a very spirited kind, upon the reaference of a petition from thue Stiate of- Ma ine, for a modification or the fugitive shave- act. The Senators had received thme informa tidtof a negro) riot ini Boston, in wvhieba na rioes had forcibly rescuedl a roan fromn the .custody of the Miarshal, in open court. Thbs was the reason for the deoparmure by -tifo Senate from its ustual course, as taken at this~ session, of entire indiflerenice to the 'it ain atnd dispositlin of the hunidrcd. ref-p'titionk on this subject. 4Talhe galharies and the privileged seats .wre thronged; for there are one or two t tousand visitor, bere, of recent arrival iostly fromi the North. 'rho petition had .been referred, sub ailentio. Mr. Aren ISON pnoved a reconsilderation,. Thme debaito hadI tieen cotrmenced before I entered the 'ebamiper,aind I found Mr. Pearce, of Mu-. fidon- the floor, andi the vast auditory enOchUifled by his eloq uece. He was ro. ~ying to Halb of New-Hampshiire, tsad' ,eprOecating agitation. Hld's reply was irn )is best at yle of bold and reckless declamna tj't. 'Podaen's roejdinder was humorousi *id srnrcast I, and iNeh in aliusiois, histori. -*al sand p~oticgi4/ Ho hand ini hii first g~oeth, brougteputt in strong relief, theo nrst agggltiongin'the geardon of Eden; anal, .in iha ry,,hr. ,ho managed with great < -stir sO taruse has adversary's point.'. as to ,pres~ept him (le) as the devil himt- a h1'iiaeators wre a hensaive thata d~oanteddtdiunsion ou aid tom iaOme thminn hayno I a raicrO conrtout of Wit ande were desirous of checking it. They insis. ted upon the queation. tut, at the tmoment, tiprose a Senator, who always roninds tme of a volcano, with frosty hel'd, atel fiory eye -Judge Butler. Ile is a rnui w.io caln stir up the passioi I'iMn their very dipths; but nas a debater, while he is atmel nt all points, and ready to attack, he has gestelally chosen to n6 on the defensive and to receive ile slii Its of his opponenits upnii his polished shield of good hunior. Wle ibai ller rose on this occasion, I caught a glance of his eve, and I saw Im it, not palssion, but Iinor. lie had long ago, deternined, as well he could, to keep cool. lie said, addressing the Ch;air--I must differ from the Senator from Maryland, as to the attributes of the first agitator. Ile was not a vociferous rhetorician, declaiming as lod4 y as it he were calling to the terry-man ac ross the Styx; but he appeared in the lor:n of a serpent, gliding into) the ovirdc'n, approach. ing nother lve, and sof!tly whispering in her ear, there is a '-higher law." The effhet was magical. kvery one sprun- up laughter and aliplause rang through the chamber and galIaries. If von have heard Hale and heard Seward, you will see the aptness of this contrast. i the whole coipiss of parliamentary Aneclote, I will venture to say that there Ins been nothing equal, in point of wit and hunor, to this sally of Mr. Butler's. In the course of the d:stssion ahov.e referred to, I was v'ry glad to hear Mr. Rhett call in qtistion a roliark froi Mr. Cooper, of Penm. Until l'e:nnsylvai.a sl -i repeal her laws obstructing tIheexecut tion t the fugitive act ot 179:1, heir Seintors aive no right to -ay, as Ir. Cooper did, that PennsyIvania will sanction the law of 1850. This wn.q .r. Rhett's point. The Ilouse is not yet prepared to take ujp the appropriation hills. Doubts are ex pressedf w hether all of them wil oet throngh. The Chancellor of E.vchent Mr. Bailey, has told th ie lIouse what no one knew, before t hat the .ippropriations I reported, crced in the nggregate, the large and astounding estiiitcs. Fron the SaniunaIi G'orgigan. South Carolina and Secession. The Richmond hi irer lh:oin' Irward to the possible, niot to sly probable seces. sign of South Carolina, ret- rks: "It the General otiverinenit shall show proper prudence anl wi-l.dom, nnd sIale South Carolna to with:raw peacetaiI. ;In.; to maintain her isolated pouIto:n, the rest of the Confederacy may on quot lv. a may yet be yet well in thi: Un1iio:, ipirtialiv though it h'. Shounhl fo 'rcue 'h.- resore, to foxolishly, to su!juig:ate he se'ed in t. the Southern S:altes tinst into'rpiosoin iher defence, civil war and Ihhio.6l1wid ensue, and the Union he snappe into atoos." \Ve are gritilied to se,! that ecveii inl Kentiuc ky, not t i.hstailing l r. 'av's i. sudting Ihreats, the eI;ul;unr pers of hb parties agree in repinh:;:Itng th' prollu..itiin that an unwillir State iS to be kept in the Union by J'rce. A lsure:iy n> eilprt to carry out Mr. Cla y's , i i the lImt o f the (general uov.-rinent, w oild he tulera ted by the outl WVlontheer sece.,sion be a coist itui ionaI or 'it extra-.constituOtioniI rihIt', weL needi not here inqu:r.'. It is e.:ough if.r us that it is a tight possessed by every .tate ofthe Union-a right in the broadest sense of the word-in a sense so broad that any power attempting violently to prevent its exercise would be guilty of in out.r.geons wrong. And wegtink the time has1pcme when the safety of thte Sr'th and the de'srablonena With ain over.:h In i.g muiay *, ..i thie North, at majorit y whose' ieehngsov a ii'l prejo. dices are dlirect ly antaonisti.-alI to) our own, what assurance have we ofl ,iafet v, if the doctrine prev~ail tha~t, ino mai:tter Nhai~t thIi hostile mn jority t.aay do., ti u're is no esc'ip. for the mtinority, out of thait Uiniii, undeor thei forms of whose Coniitttutin, mea~siure's dlest ruc~tive tot their right s aire cionisummii: ted! WoulId t here not he on t he part ot Ihe South, a feverish and sloeepleoss :apprhen. RiOn of evil, and fearful lookmii tiorwairdt its acomph iihinen t ,vbmichI wom14 ih u mak existentce abltiost au hurthini But the recogniitin iif this righit woinihI not only tendl to give a senise. of s'ciir.tv toi the South; it wionhd consft itte a plot~ rfiial chlec k upotn the ah.oh t iuin spi ot toft hle North. Thle right of t he l'otihermi Nt a: es tio soeredeii, and thir reaidinesso to seiede. be(' ug .lihuetedl, a most potent arguiieiit uob therebiv lie placed ini thei mionuths of N'irbiiri, con~ Mervatives, with wiii b to enicoiteir unpilrm-i cipled fanaticism--iuida,-ss wbi..b is not ofteti so insune but that it hi is mlb iodl mii Thley couild say to the aolu.tnoouust s: "'Thei South has lie r irht to)sere f roma the C'oni. fedjeracy, and is dhete.riaiie.l too oi it, anid thereb,; brmny imm~iense. mijirv nyloim th. North, uniloss yo m cease youinr tioiy. (O; r interests thierietore, reipiroe yo:i:r .-,i ii,ii antd thle cessationo ot yo ur d migieroius moive0 uments."' W'hat ustroinger ar:r :mi'nt I lii this can hile addhri.el1ed to~ 1hu nu!s of en foes! (On the cont rory, hmiovve'r---on ith' federal and subuniirsion thliy-th api li has; nii force. Th'le repilyi- i ther :,y, ini1i iimuth oif ever v abiobit;omo: 'Tii- S'ont h lisos no Tight to withl'iraw ti ilij iinrii the imdoeed cannot hie laked <li ii i hi oe peigour euiiiciut.on . hie.ine., to the a glorioous tful'limeni!" S~i~hll wte hie told, thiat wit Ini a:~i; the..r: of' our Govo'rnnt, liin, St;iies' w.n! bei hli' together but by a rope oit siind! \\ answoer, that. they w.1 Jlit.' hield ige.: hor by the only ties (iul they not Iow iir t~h, ihat ever shoul bai-muiztual itluet oi amil mnutua:l inte reist--.a icoiiiii..nani in: the glorie'. tof II, he .ii. -.-o:noni a at ai tions of the bright pros;e: - iii th Ii nr A Unrioni wlich t hese' ies ':uij:mi hoh together, oughi.tanot to coniteinne. ..A there he niow any State, an iniOnete majority of whiose cit t.iis hlv ci: a'ise5.I t feet.l the force oil such Iiis, anii Ibli~i : ter' uamied forever toi so ip Lhim ;iuri.-r, 0 wanat no0 better e'volience tth-m -h a i .tsp w'rotgs. It is wedl saimi :n thu I ): ;a-: >f Imilopendlence: '. hat all exper. ne'' b~ Ib 'lhowin mhait nno.knnd :ri' unre t-sei i-d to mtIler, whlile evils are sioIf-rd jb, i han :i 'iivht thiemselves byv ahoh ihm; I theiio:::s toi In rezddo to thie c'oni.ineni'ics liLwik t lowt fromt a, dlonial ofi thle right tof s s ion sy theu GeineriIaviovriionint, :mit an it tem'ii~ ty the Exertlivo to rediii ai *euemn stte to so mnssion, by malangi war oipei aer,wve hio soimethm~tg toi . *, hInth :. - owViiugparaigraphsii, friiom lhO . r: nuis of .e Jovernor Ta;;::welII, cern . e111 oi ! .. -i I'omeni accidenutaliv nit with ..' wr.; tug t he fiiregoinog, 'imay irt o' t o sh. wn i iin nadnhiessi ot such a war. I ie saiys: "S~uch a wvar wdi l uhm-r truom fivr v flier hat has haotore occurrted I rm thef hlegimiinu o that day; her'aause, ceveni hv tho u iio omaplete success, its aivwedI 'ctOC caii evor he attained. Indnpeno'tdenc r, cnqoent, if iidugmity olt'ered, ttiay all he ac'hieved by , iicaafulI watr; but riieory canl nerert maka 10I ohmn Or rai.. i/,O 1ioi..I, or US o t'.e-.. * * "'ho war 'waged to rovive a Iroken covo'natt of union, can never atta it ts avowed end. - it may brier conjuest, n.ty make loyal subj, c1, or hollow-hearted )retended allies, bit it cana' make real *lion. The union of free States canl toither he mnade nor preserved IiyJsoe . It a a solociani so to speak. Such a Imciful tajoin is consolidation in its most abhorrent orn--wleruin the mnajority, will wield not mly its own powers, but /hosc assigned to heir subdued a lies also/ "I hlatnt God! that in his infinite wisduon and mercy. he has been pleased ihta to ,rdain. The truths I have anmounced, ight and will teach rmoderation and for. jearance to all who value Ile un;in of these States. Each will look to he fearful con weiuences to itself, that mnay attend its owns ict., aind will abstain froin pushing even idmnilled powers to opressiion. The right >f secessieni is the right of all. It tnay ie :timed by o10 to-day, and another o-morrow, as each tnv fiid its'elfiaggricved Its apprehe:rnied evils inay easily Le guarded gailist, by nttt excreisigti duo nul powers, ler pressing; /' iiliniute powters, utlil t/wey ccoune doub/f ul. The see nrity of the Ution s to be found in the cornEnon an '.tions and 0:nttnn interests of the States, anud wtot in the lurynmu!s n; its s/l~dierk/. Bly u -h feelings alone, w-is the Union first Iormd-yneil- such emtiments alone, his it seen since maeintained, and by sue Ii seiti mentis alone, can it he preserved. Otnce lcsy liais right of seresioin- when jt is claimed, and prevent or punish its exercise by riiliany force. and san ely as night ulcceeds the dlay, our !etiny au a free I people its fulfilled!" DThuSsTnot's ''tr'r.sT IN R casi.t.--Let. ters frmn St. l'eterhnrg, of the 2'5th De "ernher, say Ihat. oi the :rd of O)ctoher, a terrible tempest broke ont at Kirgis, whe're the horde of Korii generally est ablishes its entmps, andI 1(9 persons were killed, as al. so were '205,6((1 shelep. 1 '2- hors, s, 491 Cam es, and alit; oxenl. iJ:ring eight day-s the soil vas ceicre.l with snow Il tihe depth of 5 1 '2 y ardls.-( al/.gn:en i's .llcs. nguter. T ' I [T M ElI** B A N 11 _umterville, So. Ca. .. S. G. tlCtI lAh d1 s.\ l, W. F'. 11. 11.\\NSWUTITI ( ' -:11 OnS. W ElNESDAY, FEBRiUA RIY 26, 1851. t 1l ..rs. A. WnT-: & Co., are Agielnts for the lhlnier in Sititerville. Landid. Firt. 'Tlhe I.alies of lBethel neighbiot, hoo wtill huld a Fair it t'ul. N hut.EN' hetre. formnerly mreu. piocd by Mr. Ie ussr ,, n -ar S lithel Ciurcl. ot WW'edtnday 3:h 3March. It n ill caunowneeai 11I A. 31. En't rane-23 eri. t'hitlren hldi price. They retwjetfully i',liit the imtrennze oft it nlitc. 4?" The eoncl lition of ' lle:art of .l'uon Alidtl-ton " a tale by DICKEN, on our fir.-t page. Will appear ne.xt weerk. 7?" We wonld stggust to the citizens of thlis District, who own stock in thoWil. tnington nd Manchester Rail Road coin. pany , tht propriety of a meeting on sale dt ecure theirfoL eP 9~din-in the un so't-tifri Mlariont on the l2 b a:reh. The Ma! ket. CFrrox.--T'he Cott1.: .in11.1rket coinIues' iln a very nntsetledc anb depressedl state. 'I'h t) ranlsactions1 itn Ch ar.Cestoa on Saturday~i roehedl 1,511(1 hale-s, ain: prices, to say the least, were fully- as low as they weire onI the ranin~g frint ! 1-- tio I2 1-1 ets5., the lat ter pri-o haavinig been p ud fo r ai high clao-s ofl strw ily lair gnt:ity. Wasington's Blh-day the ('!areiont Troopit t it.' Aeoier -.ary oft leat C'orps. Th'le 'Ali'itry CompI;a Sties io or Vi llage-, and! lit- ( ).lcers~ of thi icipioin iln the o'.-srvanie.<, accingt:Iini(.l the Tl ;p ine prci--isnion to Ithe .~iethls Ci'tre1', whlt-, aflt 'r IrS r lvy tile I-. piat!ri--ieandl slinn l nith iints, wvant dlii. snr e .ey .auth Ti. Gv ri-, agLei ,t .ae lin' ll'hl.ii tlril p eit act oii-rf l'r. , si-: hIb reh -it igrsi .Ion Itclpelini- over hhn i ld, and- n': je.tO by hs iian sIhe ,vi .e-nt-h. - d -deta s rat1ed ile -esf rve:~ whn nnlig n ciel Sti--, ii is 'hrir *, nairll iled~ to,- th- lione, h-ra oft'i 'pricnt posturii ofei l'i.r:. lie ;i rated t i riebt arni dt-y liof ' ts,. n whI i'e(-c011 e en 6: e were h-er itoi pr.',h 11,';er lilA- eil sib,1 hit *h ir ri-ho Ill eie . :al 151 o it - .\ ) ra eie n [it Iion i.d r-* t-d h 'vieatiees. ut e-vh-d a luili neitj. Linlls w-Ni harmony)r Ai. Ih. -lasel a Wet retcl r eted Setni in th li plinor. Jy ofr ta the l citiz it lit aun-rat ( nere br -- lenu hoate. ~i vr h:2ta , ;etutnL es. , , \\'atve I.n Mr. Ritohie's share in thoConpromise. Soon few years since, wien Congress had somewhat more of regard, in its acts, to tioitz'erests o tIe piople;than it exhit its at the presecnt titme, (fu$ every year seeinu to contfirnr aid extentd he corruption of thatt hody,) it wisely CoicJuzlti, that it knew cotnparatvely nothing of printing its experienac:e ins tI t lini bei.ing contineld to an increnising consciousness of losses from cotnitracts elitere.1 into ignoralitly--ani, therefore, that it wou!i he better that. prate tic;l printers, u h'>, frim necess.ity, shold bo disinterestedil, shoild fix t'.e prices of the publi; printing, than that Congress sheuld undertake itself to tio so. To se. cure tis disinterestedness, it was only re zjinisite, th.t c omnpetition should lie excited between the printers, for while none of thetu wa.4nI i de.ire to do Ith. work, inless he con:1. relize i profit, hits w';-ih to secure the job iunself, wol indune han to oil'r to do it, at as low a prie as shoul hbe con. sistent wih ii a reasonbhlt lprofit. Phis ein i talo arrangenteit was enterol into, and when sealed proposals for tiie vars.us ctar, t3 of public print ing were opened, Mr. ltitcihie was found to ie the lowest bidder, fir a.out Lfour ilths of it, nl t contract between hiiseilf and Congress was con. sutnanntted. l1tveen that tietn an:d the presenlt, however, certain urhemles for shut. ting out the South from its own territory, fur <teprivng it of all power or influence in the coinon o(verntitent t und giving. it over tn the tender eorcies of Northern hatred, hav ing, for their nitinate end, the destruction of the chie!f interest of th South, hnt play fiully denoinated ".l1w ures if A:ldjut. nowt," were proposed by air. Clay. l:i fa. vor of thIes inteasure;, but in opposition to the opinions and feel n:'i of all, or nearly all thoste, wiol represented hi: own State in Congrss, ant .itl' hot!! poltical view Ihis own hInd iitilertz been identica!, Mr, R ureni t: threw al'ithe weight of I influ. enee as one of ti Iealeors of his4 State, ail as the eLtor of a widoey circulated inrty journi). For mnonlths, Mr. Ci..u- way irlefatigabIe* it Iis labors in the Senate, and .ir. lHrrcriti eCpiially o in his nt door work, but now, that the triumph hc, leen achieved, while Mr. C.,A is content that ths glory, to the end of thme, of hav. ing been again the S:avior of Ia cotntry, anl th'e ne.t Prr siun:er shiall he hism rew ad Mlr. itrcmttr trefers a ro:ntnutatiori it h:irh cash. Hie has discovered th-it bi lossws on his prkititg con:rrct hive heet very rireat and disires to be iii b:mitie thercifr. 1 is tut able to point oit pre cisely itc'ro Ihoelobse. has'e occurred; lit <k' notdeem it ctuslive to his puirp: to t1ow that, whrras he is only p:iid st inany dnllars a pago fir printing stch a loc nment, tlie 'nrit Ae u'iy costa i m so ma ny more. AiTh i.tto orlinary and practica minds that woild r ( h feair tnot c settling the mnat"' ii i dinga1straip that, zven~whe ~ir. - inent, ihe has~ lost. s tolI .: C'ongresa coiuld exe rci-e a diacreet generoiiity ini ruc fzindinug te deificiency to him. Ani this is a in:ithI as hi L il::b, wiV any 1!* piropriet y sii!ie for theure ecat 1sur'i -i he n in'jutice! inl biak ing a1 inl botoi~zl bay his oii prhopositon: wh Io his1 ~i ho:(Tne !s 0t~ioppOn thi~(1 d5spot thze j:zre; , venatuzres to Slag~zast t pripr iti if 3r. ltrei': hillt be uindanniitiI, < ha finkmizo :iaztil exibit~! 1bit ofhi one anii ~i iiIii geins ah~ns Iiar' ti b -iz d.loulntd: (pI; ina at il Mr, b;:4 iiiof ah.iat .9.~CO,(immi a farie prinungmv corii at. Tl wn thii I.:hi ho . i, A arer apa 'hm' rte ~:~tr ii tiili fhu e'rne, i i i w a r.sit t1 ii I h~ah 31. i ii rpndi to the a .., ianit I eIIn ou- i~t wertir ixere::. in um~ al ar. lin n .thin il etr. wiib gr,'at 0.!w!> trtr as t ~i -'ror h. <exatiI stit- :Iijaen, 01f 3 ivti th ,( . -n e t t me i wh e a un h hi.; .i ~ S.G, .: . -,how o n ' *9. ' rl 'an I i u ant it'ge Iz-t ii . l birnit . i-tet' 141- .ibiior D ueane. parti it-a n :i ti i i Ith'i iz:r z hli e iohIyaidoiert Puht!a .,:. -th 3auil r e i(n atihd iuri.riz. hz d :b e tir .l ht'.: ht- i..i htoaav enttnaiwe thieui . :4i' a: d Iii s I o i'r : t hrtsa n :c hi-l thl .hod V.-0 4.4 hei hi,,h n For the Snumter Banner. Essay on the Cauoipf Fever. li J. a. RIcH, M1. D. No e4bject in the medical world, has ex. dited Mnore Interest, elicited more enquiry, or given rise to more speculation than the present one, to wit: The cause of Fever. From the tnot remote a tiquity np to the present extraordinary period of inven (ion, and aelvanrcernent of sciencc. it has been lying open fori avestigation ; but has hitherto bid defiance, alike to ''alant and Genius. No writer has yet drawn nside the dark and misty veil from the ficce of the subject, and let in the lights of science however, they seem, for the most part to have settled down upon the following prin ciples, respecting the cause o fever, to wit: that there is an agent arising from the decomiipoot itin of vegetable matter, in fluencel by heat and mo;sture, mixed with ai borne by the atmosphere, which when enhaled by the lungs, absorbed by the cu taneous system,or received into the stomt. ach in the act (if deglntition, acts as the cause of feer ; and this agent, whatsoever it may he, hss, nnniversally received the appellation of mflariu, from Iwo Italion words, which, when interpreted, mcans, had air; but althougrih t104 is the hteral ineaning of the compound word, generally, it is construed to be a sptecitic poisor ; yet still, there are so many good grounds for qucestioning the exiatanee of such an agent, I and so much discrepancy of opinion res. pecting it.; phenomenta, at.iotgs writers of eminence. that the sober thinking mind thit delights to toldow in the paths of Trnth t is constrained to look upon all that has - been set forth on the subject, with an eye I of donht ; but shill ot- retire from the I subject in dispair, leaving it for some sue- 1 cecdins; gei:eration to bear away the pahn ? f If writers had lea'rnt to think more for thenm:c! v's, and not Irus:ed so ncneh to tihe I dctr iene of ditintgisthled individna!, , dioubtless, the iecdica I worl; at the pres.. ent day, would he mnore enlightened than it is concerning mediical a:l ee generally.--I Al:amsrnoNo very justly oh..erves, " that few mncen like the trouble of thinking for thetmselve ', atl are contettet with foellow ing the opinlionst of stome d:iring speculator The cause that re:a led the progress of metral Scionce, was presultion, out of whieb, aroe Itiio phio41Ihy. 3eLon, vainly eretel iti.itgintry laws to account for pheto:mlent which they oeb ervel, and atteimpted to inaehe the operations sil Nature account for mhnir theories. 'The.;o lItgyg. have be ..... u - :ature 1-rnatns iainutable, azwl her pejtranftes eternally lie What is allr a Professor Cr.nwst.r., in his prize ..say in answer to the question, thus begins, frankly amt laconictally, "I don't know, and I prefet a to knowv ', much A any budy else on the suhject." rT..h the ;rof .\l.lara, from being fouu tn pe. 4iT~fle . hi - d ista d-i 5f W~e phei~osti y and ard . specu! ':ni. It war, amongst the (Gre a a falsc .-a, whtich, g.nre teo the cau-e 4ei ft (C\-r, thle appejellat ione of th " ' event le eat Iedl Mtonster"~ whonse die.va.Iatingr infleneer peread snech terror~s amilong thl. ITh \serna knoew noth1in ; mor': on t hi sub. ect, antd are equially absuiimrd ini b)letin eon . i anaenit uitterly imknoewn to) thel.n, the ap te pehtioni otf 3talr:ia. d It is not ini the pow~er of the live sns., r eprate or coiied, toe test iy by-1 a ny n mens w ii ~hat soeer, toe the Q ei.sttn~c of \je. I laria, nocr teo thit hec Soeeheaed Meeei ateri cf thlie ai:ienets. Cheiiist ry lo.s lon e retired Ireont thtaa! of d Cetiee anythmgie - ti the amttriipera~ of noirshe~s ee:hor thanat iour ei bast e, andt iniconiaraz ted i ee:m-n~:t; and, mo auccerd .ee with the laws of va. toraeiio, e ven from theI i iouI, aduletera. noiecenit crysital dew drop e, le1rh ton t ereen.l bheiis :.bove t hirn, an ta cll the va.1 , peoert, .i l eegs wthi are se acdumnit.atedl , wiht I delrs aip;e'eai, to eewee, pee'a. erous ihattimie, l~tIreuineo-suitnt:l, .\l:e1hrea, he en lieae ande le'intidt crystae lcw drops Th le dl.ai'ingut I~ Dr. Coe lrt i: of. C. *'elege, for thet wa::t of.-orete' mouere taen ,te. b Vie'' evan el t br- t wst eicct.e f .\Lai obie'eetlatede the theory eef Anlitiiih-utae; I rieesseoer Cee>: :, fo.rerly oef leteTransyl-. umiea fInive*rsity, i:int of Ca'.rbonie aced gas: cif he had lint.l that p iurity, oer deart h ofi hte e'. e :t t mi a hieh~ h.: CI "!.'. , and lmewre's u~iI has' Ih..s tecig " " it ulase ofl his h ot - 'se g its vit:dlity, whicb is the lid' .eeof (onlj.st.een of~ then I n.-- e e-, which is thle cealse of ifever,"'it eon tess h s thor hiel tbeenh r~ght eeon. Thee holeis A.l inea ed, he(ver, hev ai heo-st cef writers ill tieebr.3, theat I 'hemisetry l i e~vent'lylJ pre'ie~ i~in ereteorie's as' "thc des': th--', gae, thes Pe;etiln sub. Ith'ni :ulit:.nb . 'c, ag~e: y - tent wh--n': It is centi:eth-red whet ae p'rtet :mnelysin Cihemlis t ry, has ;e elyt nelee ecf thii'ee tloeispherce, le'etcd tee reside, withie:et ehjs *erm'igc any. th ::e miel ti ml the heur' ir its -It, verily, it deli e 'em th it the gr~eends upo-'e whtich t', hoee re:.ts, ae .s'euder nee.e:. he only eidelnce inl i:evoutr ofi the ('vist. .tnO ee ofischi a spieec:ih- pce:s t ill t he tans. iherle, abIeas tia~sutiet i e as llnearia, is tiet eve'r prvl at .cert~idl $iiSetsens ill l.crtam mar n hy low~ greetit, at a templeratuire bee. heow 71) idoge. It 'a. e supple~sed thiat iln :eebli tIonel toeli het it re IireI teeor its gareaion, dhecayed ee1 -tabMltl4eiet ten, atal mo10stutre; bullt Dr.n 14.;eeses hias set t his opeinn asiot lev well at teted caesti and etlem t ate obseervation ; ai the rocilt~ionet is lneo'e, amtotig the latest writer~e, that it requires lfen its geneoratioen se/ar hetri alocne ;anid stilt, Iheeau ise somec ofl the huiman tanlyI chiancedc toC conutract tfetr ,.t.i. dm .iii a r...i . .~l1 region known to be sickly, the inference was drawn thence that the poison in ques Lion, was wafted, mingled ye'1t tqueos x, pours, on the wings of tkhewIji , from i'e 'pot of its generation ; and in rbjjons whore :rcumstances appeared fwovurnble to; its wvolution ; for instance tio Dysmnai Snfarp n Virginia, where exist a stperabundance )fdec:yed vegetable matter, humidity, and n the summer season, enough of solar loaf, and at the same time the inhabitants. emaining free from favor, :the coriclusioj vas, that some salutary counteracting influ nice derived from the exudation of some species of fire, pine, cypress, or juniper ree, some skirt of forest. some wall, some iver, lake, or pond, in somO wite destroy. td its virulency, or counteracted its delete -ions cfhects. If it is a kind of poison, generated so nysteriously, invisible, in short, an entire tranger to the senses, and posses-ing so nany uncouth, a d unaccountable charac eristics as are attached to it by its advo. ates, why do not such of the human fam !y as are endowed with well develnpe:d :hosts, capacious respiratory orifices, which if course, enable theum to inhale a super abundance of it, sulTer more than those of he opposite organixation do with fever? Joubtless, it is wrihin the bounds of the ,bservation of tumst persons, or perchance t may be noted, on reflection, and "coine tome to men's minds and business," as says word Bacon-that such of the human fain y as are named above, are, for the most art, exempt from fever: and, that those of he nervous temperament, with contracted bests, small breathing oriices, who there y inhale a lesser quanltity of this sate Ina arial poison, are much more liable to fever, chichb prove's ten or ain hunidred fold more Ahhough the rigid disoipline and regu. ations of the poiee of our cities, have vith great care and diligence, thoroughly leansed the strects and sewers of all filthy lecuompositions of both vegetablc r.d ani nal matter, as welli as putrescent humidi ics, thereby hoping to put a stop to the gen ration of malar:a, si .l they are visited by over of every type and name; aye, even, with Asiatic chouera. The instructions oif professor Caldwel!, is respects the mc.ans of obviatm'g or coon tract::ig tihe intlinuce of mtalaria, have proven of rut avail wivate-er. unless per ebance the comfurts of eletulimness.. For the correct arul acute. oheerir it is perament, wtaL expandiled cheat. great de vemlpmient of the hmpatie, and consequeut ly a corresiondluang deveiopment fL the iiuscular ty'temi, stcrnei,. tirinness, and energy of omit, stark-brown, or grey eyes, large mouth and dilated nostri!s,. seldon, or never are the subjects of fever, it matters not whiihers'iever they so sojourn. Indeed, thi . fw.},:. w .h h.. been attalcketd withftq . ur~fuhc,u 0neh tred: t~ snme nueturnal dt,:alh, cairriedt ti a tne "fulhinessc of s tiety." it is' known that Afrienn slaves in this State, are' naot so obnoxious a~s the whit Iatropean4 :are to fev'er, andi that the rice platatioins of the~ more w -althy planters oni Smtee, Cooi'p.r, andl Black rivers, would have btecomue dese'rted ini rhe summier sea. sort, were it ntot, for the African slaves, who enj. y the most surptisiingly excellent h:eah. Their chesis anii. practiseul organos, it is ntorioius, are wrell deveiope'd, as weoll as thecir hepetzic arnd imyological systemns; their ntotrils so, well adlapted to the pro cess5 of dihitation, that thc, cart ilaginouts septum and teriminiationi of the nose arc hek ing, whluich circuimistantce gives thbem te flit nose, a reimarkable character istiuc i.-tinctin betwen thle negrro and Euro peani, and their larg~e miouthIs and thick maoist lips, adapt themi peculirhy to the searcing amnd raritied air of their native chmews. Oa the' othber hind, ihe temnperament of tmakmd which renders them lhable to fe ver, is c hiarateriz",d byvshenideritess oif sta tue, cont ractedi chae.,., small hiopetic amnd imuiscular .sy-temus, han:d.somec, regumbr and c la:sca! ci ntour of faivoir anid features; at cuteiiesu of se. bihaty and intellectuail ta culties ; dark eyes' or blue. and fine silkeni tttuurin, or flutxent lot:r. Ne ver1 heless, suc, trum a strcet obseri antce of the rulesof temn peranze~a, whol esomne alime~nt a moran to use of somew stimulatinig beverage, at certajn tunies, wh~ere ithe sys'temi is. fatigued. or exh atuised fro m any cause, well ventidhated slel ug aptatr' menits, e'g ecially du r rng thle Ii ghi tlige: hr will. nothlog I ke that spe cies cof "wrttleit troules of the braiin, and pterdous sitif,; whtchb weighs utpon the~ hea.,rt," are apft tt escape fever. durinag the~ periods oft it5s prgvn ce. An oh aice there canrimiot he t racit the sh'htes-t evidence whatever of thme exist. einee oft tuchl ani ;igr ocy as that of M~la lariat; a nud s ice (crtiii charaicteristic pheniomecna, w. hii hi na git ei to Maa riut, reitaini unisa I istactori y expulained, anid hence, upon which, there lie such arn infinite deal of doublt aiid variance amnoig the fol lowers of Eiculapitis, let it lie suipposeid in this place, thtat the cause of that certain cla as of d:s cutees. calle cclia. anal dtacases, or suppes. oil to have their origii fromt miistmata, is rritieC~, ip-ired ricily, or P'auicity if ,t ir anid then stic h phenomeiana as have hithierto remaiiined shrouded in the .ark mai zesq of prf~ond myistery, ort philhosophiic pinciiples, will lbe btrougihit to I ght. here is a htvinig pr inciptle perva:l inug all ma tter: iall tinigs ont the earth--the last, rr tintal sitratonit-- the atmrfosphtere, siup!posed~ to extendc to the height ot borty-e ight iirs tinchialded-ire a part of tho eaurth; and al Ihihough, it is not seen in nct ion like unto that n-me vital action, w ithi which we are famitiliar ini the animatl and vegetable king daimti, sill it is endownedl with life; id thisi life is governedb ~ ictin a .W i are biniidwith those whel overn hoN r getic amnd u;ibb life of the ,tltc ingd.;.., A d0,at i mh pahiblo ,ubtid e !du et nt isc f rct Ii mter lkin ,T u l, ':ea)' ,prinaril repa , in accordance w, t4 Naaturo'e ia . nd en placed in contact yt violejce, in range, neutralize o N estroy ,cl jh ' and hence it followg s Lhat as thd'eu st separate, it in incompaUtij bio with the earth, and its function is' tio ,hange, neutralizo or destroy, the Jatter mad it is not so far oll' but thut it fe mid acknowledges in a great degre aba nfluence of his overwhelming and might# ustre: and oubl, be devouredprbigb n an instant, by hIs voraciaus beaths, ye * t not for the power of resistance with whict he earth ii endoiwed. Bh6uld'th'Se6:k !case to revolvo on its ax, it woul4d,.M equire many inoonts like.that of seeahi une, for the Sun to iccsiplislihis Aiite ion, namely,. that of. destroying thsp. he earth: even, as it is, turning over ever wcnty four hmrs, naojny tinc, in many )lUces, has it been severely. scorched;tbi sold the deserts of the tropic,! have ,daej 1a1'ch of life renaining 'Tien, so neol) natter is in part, or w holy destroved. .bt he solar beasi, it loses in part, or entirely; as the case may be, iti power of rcoititig' o heat Is generated in the same ratio, that he life of matter is destroyed. This heat hen expands or rarifies the air, effecting bence a dea rth, or paucity thereotf at 'ipi endering it unfit for the purposes of healh ul respiration. Oeenns and lakes protecQ liemselves from the withering solar he; y their magnitude or depth, and the Ioco. notion, or interchanging of their molecule,. nrth by its vege able covering: ergo: ape !y the ''heriname er alternately to anj lea-', aud hving matter, under the influ mIce of the meridian sun, and it wI1 so perceived tiat the mercury there n, wll fall by the living, and rise by he dead. The d:iuerence is sensible to the tout h, and amray I e discerned in a greennd lv.ng :aid dead cr:a.i~y leaf; a rotten egg, will become inuch hot ter in the sun- thaw a sounil cic wil in the Lame dtgreIf breat ; your haul wil resi-t ti.e heat that. 'S requ ite, abmost to reek a steak ; and a cup of water that has been subnitted to'the process of chullition, on being dashed up pM the air. in very cold weather will cones down in t lie forum of ice, whereas, Wat1ed living, from the fountain, when dashed t will not come down in tmat for.t.es e arenais to a.pyear evident enough, that ittid the vitalty he a vegzei tle overing~o earth'to. t. wi'x hatevee agent tende to de'sith the Lue of vegetati, or tbat of any matter,, ti be by aaus.ig biat ti,o I goner:ted. itI1i sase ratQ such. agelt be uapes tIe S. i ef keaer : ain in Soulber ' lattudks. eae,. cily, practical Agrisuittre, is mor&.e . tructveto segetat:on, tbao anytbingreiton an. art mucs it bero ide nthuiiog whir.the fariner grows tu iis lud$ al e shade theia so well,.' fruau i e ihe origin~a' forest wf atown rand destroyed. ThaeO4 V o tA nenur UflliRsi 1 1hues to delii nittelr *'ii rt wAell shaded 'y-sa'niendensebogi lt'rest I ree sascondtucted etl to tite raviv4a :ruamz the pondcs and miatsles, w id put ua.1( vnttb!Cecovering an kild u~ii anace, or, are turnied inato cultivation b~t farmner. -(Continned next. week.) -A Nevr Platform. E-ery oneC hadi heard if the wss~ fathers ofi Waierford, who once sins' and dehh ierat ive conclave; adopitedhthe o~ haiin resuahit Oion Rlesolved, 'lThat a mew jail be ,bullt. t2. That thse miateriatsf the oldJii used ais fur as posibtle ini building the rnk :i. That the necw. Jadl be busil 1% the oioneo now statuls. 4. Th it the prisoniers lbe conti n old JadI, uint a th laneaw Ja a is figacht ThelK maov( resoliunans very clearly? a nati.-ctordy expilmam the posation occoupidd biy smao who call theame.cives Souatherneceq.. TlIwy actu:aliy desire a Soutrhern, Coaiedlemar cv, anal helleve it attainaubte, but they do ~M wish to taske a single tcrop towards thii great emd, arnd thruw up up tbeir hands ih holy~ horromr att the vesay na4me of saction, The ir creedi tat'd pslat frma bued.gru the a11oir umdels woulid read! as lolows~ "We~ behieve thsat a new Confed'eracy fa n~ceas.'ry fomr the~ honor anidsecurity of tin Soauth, and aau t be formed imme'digtely, the old oane being adiy ouat of orderj. "We beh~eve that the new corft aN shousld he coanstruicted with the niatialk'M thre aId, as far as they will answer. 6 ''We wvdl stay ina the old confederaneb (msralugh the roof is leaking ons us at *a dreali rate,) until the aiew one is forned,4 or rather until it forms itself, as we believe that foar onse State to lay a fouandaticm store fo'r it, withu ths:r~e presence ef'all theetheir Sitate., would be put! 'g thaem at fault,..qr baranin sg thaema as delicint in hibndr,"or WVe recomnnend the platform to thle fanvonratle nottice a! thea class of Southserners whoIn behieve in words aln~me, or wvatching~, wainug and dming notisng; to thsose ho, wo ubml set dtowna il hike the rustief'nrd wmnt unnit thze stream of Northern aggrei. s's an shl run dry-rtotho who thsiuik thet E-siop's wagonier stanmding idly bsy,. nd roiarmng hasth forTe H erculhes ti lift hsis eatt wiheel oitut ofise mud, exibited the 'ttife poliey; and tin alt who, believing polih cally, thast faith witho~ut woi ks is bem.,'ad vise s to wait until PIrovidence, checuw stanrcer, rane or chaance~,hisll dIo for us whlit we cas nsn should dio foirourselvee. A 'e disha on tho Ilasrilonuanpritcipie, pi'opery sceasqnedl iih Ca,.er's sauce ofthe saddet tiuaslisty. rnight be aamde ma thhe msaaerial#.we hm;ve idicated above, i ich we commaae~4 t o all conicerned.-( Teld. PurrrE i's SE1.f-L0Muto (IUN--.Mor ter, residing at or tnear Mgghia, haeg. st rtiiemd a nst ntovetl and C-riou~ts tfr'e-i ", ca lled thec '-.s!odting gusn;" in diir' tt srrpie operatIon af mcocking" to ahooi~y thme *mi~stnce of valvcesor equivalthst, thle gurn time materiauls far each load-.la the gu.n. It is capabsle' of hdhigdii forty tines mi a milutte, nid shoots abM wvith tr~iemndtiu force, antri :i Rti * Ah ex):CtIess. Tihe cddtor oaf the Mempil F~p eruarer, after careful examiaotion . p~enteri experirnenta, i~astI flaht whsich can hsvai~sbpariks aitih k'lt U. eioecyhas been dismeered,.asdd Ahseh nto "revolveir'? of any kins , piprwoach at n detm c vnma ~rti r'~ n