University of South Carolina Libraries
? ' k, k 1-~ t' ? }'.a;t1 . ail ~ I D)EVOTED TO SOUTHEFRNIGJhTS, DEMOAY .__ITERATU___ JAS. Si. Gs. fIU CARDSOi, Editor. t___ __ __ Wl..1. " UACS Proprietor.lrsPc A~D~ V oL.PIR V. 8JT L V I~~ t.u EMBER4Y sIl11 49 iS~ N5.0 w J ? 73.39 Two D( Jlars in advance, Two 1)oli:'rs tni It'ifty-Petals at tit) ex iratiou of Fix xuoiltlto., or'Three Dollars at Lhu end of the Y(?ar. No panar di. ctlntiuue(1 until all arrnara ' are p'(i.i, tl:tltr.-zs at the option of the Proprietor. lUA41vert;wltleW insi rl^cl at. 7-5 c1". per s tale, (1'1 lines or loi;.) forILie lir.-t. ittcl 'h:i l .l :t4 yunl for each s;ut st> 111CUt iu tortioh. D3''L'ite ttunt.,nr0r in-: rtion t i be nr-rk edon all Adti"''ri:.,t!.lle.t s or tIu y will he 11111 Iishnd n'tc.tl ortl;"rc:I to but d:>coutiiiiied, ttud charze'l aeeorfl n .k'. trrOac D:ll;ar ver Sol t're for a min-de itt.;crt',iurt. CZn.trtt t lt':sfttl AI ss hi " 1t1vr;" i::nments "v'd be ch'tr',ud the ::tine as a is n it' n :f'r ion, and s :oh -u;u"tth1 the =uttsC as htew 011C::. All t)a'I :! try No: i "t,; cecc^tl 7 i;ne;i, and Co n n:tni( li i; .u t us.u:nvti, r; L::.tt lid t. : i"; itt ii u.. u iir"': or trust--ie ~ ulliZ r .11 :( o'."I y 1i itl lie Cllll tit.d as il:vl ''1'. 1''t;:.',::::li ri It : :t, iv ? i.i.l '^i: n"t d\ ont for th ' it tier. anti iy : I1' hot xt:d to receive s:t;,.;cri;11o.is asnl rCr".ij 1. IVr the .tine. GOVE]INOf'S bMESSAGI3. I.xt:CUTIN-c Di--. mu-,maNT, Culiinil ia, November'2:91h, 1850. Fellow ciii.:rjns of the Sonata and H"t:ye of Represenlalives: Irt rc .'I:Ir litt i(, dt:lii .'rete Ott thu tt;'isit:s of t; o t: Manta:twettlilt, f ain again emalilv(I to exflress our deop grail;u(lu to \A Im:!,ti;v t:;rl, Clot only f r;ito gol)ertil ,ealth oh tits: iwcol+ic, and their coln leie it sat t mn the malady Which has nr. rrt. itreviouly nflliric(i portions of nur tit 169" a rc asonrthle rcimi ctn cotuht r. , 'A"" - vr: ! c.!>'rotlucty o irl(1 e tlt t4 ill Joen tt'' tt, be :2111,>jrJcft :c.. r, t.:r Of bicatl stufs1$ that'Mu r:tltitf' W+"V"V:-t, wh'its i1.3;':9 .1 ulle. ?"i =tic. " 'II'il: it, 16r the requirement: of tltp cO , , pri-v. Should lb. usuu rytiantiti. 'v" t'titortation of the .Hair, (stn{ I(: : of the Slato be not fi: r nitihei 'ifs tIIS' tl':. ;1. .' .. .. !'h "..""11' .r1.. f .t '.i ""91. 1{t1t 11 "' iii "7"; ^ vi!! tie t'"U; t :(C(:("(. t'i t $( it lClli" r1."ttcutt:nt of tho puh)u earital of ih i n. R, . - g 4.;.1'1 t ,:3"I "'7" CIO"Gc1 .1853. 1?'3,'i" :>J tt i'n. li iY, 711.111 1l 1461, .;'" r .Kerr ift"3"J 'i2 ' _il .eV': " 3 " " ft at.c in 1870, Mt+rjS t 3 It Will Ito I rceivetl tin: the only del t 1, 'tics -provitlriJ for. at an r:;t"1 " tl.itc'. i!; .tilt: fi jlt'l. v.:11:", tttn 'IShI.u"' l;, :; =i: '',!Ei "---:7: , anti 1 .t 111 ;c, r 11 the Istof Jat uarv, Ise:. .11.1'":: \'i11t1" :l'lit lli;hl';l" 1;, l I .'1:'$ 7 t.:3tl (1f tlrc 11(13!1" ait"l i :;t'-,."i1. r tt I1! d in f()t(' ail 111'1,. l; t_ it "t tl (::tnl' ll' t v tilt ui till! Rtm. llth 'uct; 11ai.I I,, isle Tr(':tctlr":. The i;tCtf tlt"' S1.11!(. for tita ft.,:.-.1 vein' iC! ti"tTllltlle r 11:i Ili.: ;301i of br'r, 11'.r", All Itllt'tr t:ittlrt ":s, $ !".111.11!11, 87 The 1 :11 ilCe in tile Ttvam iry Oll tile J..t nt' t.l. t '. r In tv:t > "; '?. 1': i i: . Thf! rlw, I 'ro:)'N oi":it('.-li:tilk f111" ill(' 11:t " 'Pear, iiC-Itl. .:t" ' .).tltlif, a.'iarr(".':l'.. ; Institution has not only mnintained, but greatly increased, it:: well-deserved rep. utultion. It, in mental training and ad vanoctmen, its graduates and pupils will compare favorably with other colleges in the Union, in nil that relate to moral worth and g*tlenanly demeanor, it unloubtidly has nosuperior, iran equal. The Aliliturv Academics continue to merit the public support. Although the average number of Cadiia., at l instittion ini p'lrridston, to the in year, was ninety, and the discipline is known to be rigtid, yet, (luring that perinl, orer nud quiet prevailed, and to neither expul->ion nor suspension, by way of putishment, was it found neces sary to resort. At the Academy in this place there are "9 Cadets. The studies pre:crihd a re faithfully pursued, and the guard and pol ice duties strictly exe. cu(t:d. The health of the Students for m1:mV y''rs ha; been uninterruptedly god. Wi:h miiditiontal accommnoda-. lions. Ilm mnber of Cadets might soon be proportionately iicreased. In ' itw of ;he present :nd future as. prct of our pliic an't rs, l am wnrrnn. tcd inl rceomitmeinding the establishment of dep' i.; for itji:ary sores and instru mnwt of war at Anderson Court House, S'ptahuliiri; Court House, and Marion Cout it I onti.'; and that each de pot be pIteciced unlar the charge.of a limited nonb ! u 'i: ngen. commanded by a tradlua:c of the Citadel Academy, whue hu ,inss it shall be to instruct the gu.rd i:2 all wte practical branches of the art of war. This plan, having a two.ftd'i ubject in view wou)4indepenl tient of i:5 mtcilectual and moral advan. ta'zes. give security at all times to the r' ".C inn of the State, and insure -- .m nm c," unity political bene fs' ) ,' iC~?try~n~i~i&i .tih' M ! ry Ac:' orig. instruct our youth in the 131 ,' war. tf I objrct, yIi i;ap. f*,.omn a want of due lt. tt dot to h.- .a'.cg, has not been fullh ,' : ' t+ ti. }- ' " ,".t+( er-:ved i - + c i.naliuon rofiin, the stu den;:: nottts hlie furnished withu all the no, ce-srnrv ifl~means, inl some)i of which tlhi schoonl ato very delicirent. To supply thee' wans, i advise the o.Purch- .-:r., ivrotajinale Lailrtfor "4 engfneer;..( lihfrstcrcers. "ri u hitatay of a:-tillery. . I yan conmtnend to your notice the Dcaf: ad I iioh ,.chtool t Cedar Spring, Spi r:..mirg , :r'il, tinder the supier. it.c inhr-o of ..r. Walker. The num. bi c\;':utrs ':1 ho State is supposed to be :D out :.eec-:y,of whom only thirteen a:.' ri ee"s c m' iist ruction. Impressed wih :h - etviction that the public are tint we'! in;rmeJ concerning the ad. v'..':- 'r. Walker's Seminnry, I ha ( i 1: .h .r n;liteman to ntend at the Citn, with a few of his pupils in iri . y "th .ie LI'-islature of their p.:--. : ..'.i ; e. pc.ICty to teach. As.:( 'N" -'Mll~ edlenns Of thme I '' .: -r w r-- int jtblished until lait in \ uth, I ":; ut inf)rted until that iNi tha I hadi 1 been uthorized to nt"a t andte comap.:ent pe'rsoni to as. c r:-nit :h, :ietial noperation of the r . !-v.<i'mn. -From the late. 1tess of Ihe l a et, it was soon apparent hit in de's1';:* of perr-evering exertions, I hot:ld fail in, re':Ili:'itig youtr expecta i 1niS---a ro''ult w hich n asSsbsequently In th- Ia 1le f that no action hiad been taeni n -.e abit of my recoinnnnl. ata b the *- i-:dtre. I issued a Cir itulr ltIa the iGinm i.:ione rs of Fre Schook, iopouding~ti crta1ini qu eries, ai copy if whhuc1 with their answers; shall dtdeihs fromi thse paper.s, are.: (irst, n b'ia. whh I a d i;no popula.tion, the byv enmI ribu)tloani fromo otther sources, nre ma~tinly bom citt:t ina~dequtate compt~ensa-t lion, a re, as at body, unqualified ihr~ theLir stat; ie: ande thirdhly. tht it the~ sections~ of die State ini which the popuilation is s-pars*, lhe ptub1)1 bountty isi umeage rly A preotund eni hc ide for the moral anrd ilat clhI'c nid welir o. 0(f ther pe~oph mduced meC' t s to :1ac-ust to thle TIeaicherts subjrect of IFre Schl~iis, theuearatioin iiiiOat home of elemetary ande oither biooks ih the0it, usi ofii our schoob, the biest imiode of insuig the progr: ess of ednceat ion, and oither H-I 'redem intters. A copv of I te in-cw~edings of t he convenitioni, c'om. pioised, iht pu t, of tren distinguished for ithlent,;.i ractei andI usefulness, I take grent .l.-a 'tre ini transmiting~ to you, ne. compa::nid by the e-xpressionl of my htian y con(irren tcei int the concleo'ais 1t widehh it arrived. The' a;trtaineft ruth, that over -.0% r5n(3oI our population are igntorant oft their alphiabet, is indeed well caletihted to excitn general and anxioues iigtiry concerning thie causes of no' piainiful a moral calaumity. Ac cording to the ofliciael reports of then B~oardss of Ciommtissiontrs, in 1848, .t appuirs that there arne int thec Stae, 0-40 Free Sc-hotds, 915 Tehters, anud 8068 Meholatrs, andi Zte annronritiont for the support of the schools, was $37,500, equivalent to about 039 annually for each Teacher, and 64,30 for every pupil. South-Carolina expends for the pur. pose of education nearly one.fourth of her income derived from taxes. It would seem, that if so large a disburse.. ment were wisely and economically apportioned, it might secure all tjhe benefits which the wisdom of the Legis. lature designed; but so fortunate a re sult has not been produced. In submitting the whole matter to your careful consideration, Iconsider it my duty to recommend the appointment of a general superintendent of - free schools, and that the several Boards of Commissioners be authorised and in structed, where the school fund is In sullicient, to raise, by assessment, on the. general tax of their respective Districts and Parishes a sum of money equal in amount to that appropriated by the Leg. isinitire. The probable effects of thin duplication of means, will be the multi plication of scholars, embracing perhaps all who may 'be entitled to the public bounty; a higher grade of instructor/, and the establishment of the righm.(in consequence of his contribution, whifth every citizen would feel that he po ess. ed, of consigning his child to the t ientul guardianship of te State. The expediency of revising o crim inal code seems to be univers ly con. ceded. The number of offg'ycs pun. ishable capitally is unwise, : std repug nant to the dictates of humam.7 Many of the statutes of force in Sout,, <'arolina in relation to crimes, are wholly i yppli. cable to the condition of our societ'v, and [ may add, form ofGovernm..'it iinucted in Great Britain, at an early (period of her history, but subsequet tl. modified, in part with a view to M ad iptntion to the sj$hi of thou uge, and ttyprogress or Miciety,'yet, In this StatsYal'of(ham are unrepealgI, and others ar. practio ally innperntov Undistinguished by larger cities, z sparse population, which t ig almnost exclusivoly devoted to suits, exemption from i. emigration. irt tj. gre-a . Ir.pnulil a nethsous otence, are the causes of the paucity of crime in our linits, and which have rendered unnecessary, until now, any material changes in a code that, In other communi ties, the public safet" would have imperatively demanded. Twenty-two crimes, of which seven are clergyable, are punishable with death; still, hanging is an uncommon spectiacle in South Carolina. The pub lic whipping of a white man, I believe to be in opposition to popular sentiment. In my judgment, it is inhuman, degrad ing, and a violation of the rules ofsonnd policy in a sobthern community. Un. lawful trading and trailicing with slaves, by which a white person knowingly inflicts upon society, aud especially his vicinage, widespread and prolific evils, is perhaps one of tie very few oTences deserving of corporal pinishm.nt. Impsisonicnt, unaccompanied by Iabor of avny kind, experience has demonst rated to be of little e(licncv as a means of reformation. The period for which culprits are confined, seldom as long as two years for'thc most ag!.rrava ted transgressions, is too short fir tihe mind to bie a wakened to the necessity of a virtuious5 coinrre of actioni. ies are selo pa~i. lIn perhi~ a two-t hirds of the caises whlichv have been brought to my vnot ice, thle plea of pover ty, or inability at the time to comnply with the requ isitiovn of the Iaw, was certn in to be iiri!ed. At t he expirtio of thne term of the(ir confinement,. the, benefiet of the Prison Htoundsq Act is iaken, by whlich in ten days theo impris. onied are relea~Icsedi fro~m j1ail. To ~ thle catazlogue o'f pun ishvenvts, hard la bor for a cerin chiss of oifenice.s, riighlt ad va nitageouslyv be addInel, substsit ute~d for thait of whi ipping. . I reco-.nrnd that the matter on-vis. inig the e .iinal law tie refe. ed to o cuommnission of three compeent ja rin, whlo shiallI receive a saidn fnilIly aid, anate to tine impOjortant .s,vce to be' per Soon nfier your a-lournmenit, I open-. edI a correspondelce wvith the idian Denpa rtmvent, at \~shiinlgton, in rclation to thno admissior oft lie Ciatawba Indians into the Chnickisawv tribe. The atnswer to my appliiationi, which was riot re ceived unti' May, showed the existence of aid vera influences, the precise chair.. acter or which cannot now~ be deter - muined. T1he Chickasaws and Chtoc ta ws, it seems, own the same dlistrict of country; while the former have expres seul their willingness to grant the re qnest which Inas been made, the latter for uniassigned reasonis, interppose (it. jections. Sinco August, nofuirther e' formation on the subject.Is- reached this Department, *although Orts hiave heen uised to elicit it. t onn hkerefore bo in ferred thu. tha-"jetionis of the IChoraw.; stilVaist. Kaivthe inter, t onkoravblenum. this Stato frovm Ilaywood county, North except four adults andf 'ci 4i cdret, have followed their exajnplc. hiCadmnon or chiefs, according to tlhe "t:}; ,fil 118Indiani agent, now'c oxprVN g2,jt "111 nofltice t~o the reoval~, of tihe l;,lc to "r Ca, and prefer that a farm be bough .;lI their fu ture home in the northern ?a of Green. yulc D~istrict.-a rcgion~o ? f1tr which they have cxanclcwd, .ant ot vtt.i they highly aorve.. Gaol d ~' In~v~. ;hecro be ocbtainedm fur fromc 1159)f"1)c- apcre. An Otlproprcattcoc of 1/oiit, c; 11041 Iric 1 rcconcn~cd. will proljablr ::rS 1 Utfo the /11r1ehaee of a tri Q; Sr.' fliiIan ia mp'c uent:; or i ?i:try, 11141 .fr th IcCon structin of eo.: ret Icotarcg.- ;~,l"' iilam tiecm with food nccd clutleii'g .for iJxt'yer, an acddition-.11 fllrprlcriJoc.r wYill be neccura .y. i.* tilt l1ropo~cii19act in100t the apcproh..iion or i~mlr,~l~ 3 ltwoutt be adviutahic to to:ike provi t~ the male of the p1 et'it, .I 14'4 F"r;1s f ("ihe In The cic~a'c: ice.n t~~ai;}: idingr Sell a of,11 lice: 1e,ccidCV" an as~ of their antw' ;:,. '1,,;oi~ml ( 6heil dema~nd tha~t :l.. (." cr1 ho mna fl .a to(ecth 1144 i' cteoil. ml culture zcu.4 I n*iin ucwn, onehacw.&Ce tlhair' o tu' 4 :,'14int ,~c:C v'o21ur t~ecs nltjon to the aIlOncil)u tucl11to: of the rietors of thme Indian c i 1:c16 ,, Itll4n 1) ltlo~St every i cstauzce 1 1u11 equ'v~lunt or their proIcr'y, time L ~, i 1i;4 irected that acn ?rntvjnl rCel:, nIow. redmi joa hal centI per acre, s,u:i!d be !evedicOt,0 g~ain ini order 411 I (:c:Iccmr~e the State lfor. the sumn o; 13Ut 1.J ;t hlf eu;.azed( to capenid for the purcl,12::. or' a teae of ttt fni' i i' con. tacwu c [Intl .rc', acakl 14 fie n -VIe :.i Iii that trine o' ea3). ~ch year tikec1X'.1 'firo the 1SparC of nle Ye.' B fy :IIs ccvcc'ttneft they are Maede to orcccpy 3 }x) iL..:.1 infherior to ti:ct in wlhelm their Ie1lc'aw ci :ce are plcecd. Trbc3' Ccr etoy ;ttir'ci te it. appro. jpilit ion b tote State was to :CCc jcj, sic a public ai nn:~ a sec;ic':li pl1lJRC Itlhat 'to thce phimc of o'ocI;;n;; thhr04'I cccflt of NQti~cin l ey Wttl re notit~ i'.! 1anassonting yatY.- I jljquof ;moo ' recomnil. ;ol s dct i h an. South r.Caru ,i. Ajca from her ;iit1 gri. adIvancrct :t ,1. c marctacres,1 ~1 , tfel rfanchc1.:I', - tcoul wo1i o ?.ceim M CII _i U mry to early im T r:'Oc.+, td tao em'ecmc giftl in.4 have~ Vife:c so.,p bunilly be ilowed up0one routh 'eCr~o;u A1 r froipms' er cari. lcdhiOi 0 11c Sl'ilj('tc tea weallthOI the their IbiJncIlic' 1 is C Ccvrtlor thy ofrn '.1c~a 2II . iii: vCcm1 to tc!.,jcyeim. jcrc:.c'n , Iccc:C'h ha I tcc'i' f'. il c ic' rti redc: ction,~' ac (lien.:ii e iccai::i thet Probe~.. al fl~rit vn p'Statc5: bu t i!1: ..( iI i of i:s .C I 'tc1 1i' ra p c..41.t. 4. :lA t~a t ta 11 i .11 i: : (, ;: I ' :,1 .. 1411 'ccc." icci irt ' ,.j: VCc' c1''. l It iii" t I!i1' 11 ~ ~ .. ('icPeccc. 11c1 t'I l 411141 %i l 'v 1c ,'11' . 16 he cc'l.:! oftt" 'I 111 tltl' I~ c:1 :i1,ac i .ui 0;c 110 Icc i of (lit '.'. v c ' t';lan Sa t ;c,c but e i'. ilt of :1I.ti:1 l cP l ti 14s Ill ~ ' 1 c.'i'. i ii i, I; 1: fc ' Il 1 li :Ic ' '1.;I ' i t F . i . ''' i. ' ii ccci , :, *cli SI( 'I1 , 1V It tl . cc c'l . j :t) 1 1 .i' he evils of dependence on communities, i vhose friendship and social support, we il :hall, perhaps, never again enjoy. By tI mncouraging men of slender means and it >fall pursuits, to unite with their more it rortunate brethren in the laudable task of physical amelioration, auspicious mo. a ral results will ensue between the par- p ties. pre-eminently conducive to private d and publio prosperity. Experience has disproved the opin. a ion, that to the community greater in- a jury was to be apprehended from indiv. c uals, engaged in manuficturing pur, r suits. The death of the head and own. c er of a mill is very certain to be the precursor of its destruction. The pro. I perty involved experiences a sudd'n i depreciation, owing to the loss of the skill and practical knowledge that rendered it profitable. 'T'hese conseqences sael dom follow in the case of joint com panies, where the ordinary saf.'ghnards r have been provided. The deprivation of a single mind inay be keenly felt, but Is rarely irreparable. If this, how. ever, were an undetermined point, the tir h and patriotic end in view caiiot succe d-but by the power of concen trgtcd meamt In these days of pro gress and referawn supposing the will and ability to exist, .isolated exertions are too tardy and uncerta-ul. The c.sta. blishment, on a scale snitident to en. sure success, of various branchies of in. dustry, will require a very lar a out. lay. This the pevople aro prepare to furnish, unless the Legislature comp. thea to encounter risks beyond the or dinary chances to which all undertak ings are subject. I recommend the passage of a gene. ral law concerning charters of incorpo ration for agricultural, cotntnercial, manufacturing and . mechanical pu - poses, and tiio improvement Of navi 47 tion, containing the follow ;i g Qther. fundamental rojiJj it 104t4e capita of eacha oo i- y shall. }i ~ ai , s~ fi, 'ti corporation, to ,- m 11.94 -to make good the amount. o apal stock subscribed; but that afterwards, they shall be liable only as a company; and, thirdly, that on the ap. plication of a company, formed fbr any any one pf the objectng gpJaoJh Secretary o-S hte, faidalncorporatioi, a charter shall he granted, if, in his I opinion, and that of the Attorney Gen. era;, the requirements of the law have been faithfully complied with. Had such a law existed one year ago two mills, one r- the manufacture of cot. i ton r-o-I;, nl the other for paper, would have been added to the numberi-i so 1.rofitably worked in the State. IBoth C paroyjtj'ct, it is said, have since been t alrandoned, andI the funds set apart for their prosecution have been otherwise r.pproprited, It may here be appropriately remark. d ed, that a charter providing for payment c byv the stocklhoghler of the. amoumiitit of c aapitai to be raised at specifaeci times, ay, ml ne, two, aind three years, would not bild( the individual corporations to jaty cr.ditors in a shorter time. Sib dauntially, the principle setl'l in the r of ;he Lxccut.ois of Il.,h-tt rs. p therspoon was, thi~t whlateve'r, by ti lie ter ..s of the chiara'er, tihe corpor'- . oni hia i~ undlertak en to do, the Cont :5 ,tid, im btalf of' creditors, obli.eu the Ichbr tol perifo'rm. As auiliary to the imortant public ' ;chcame s., briedyi broairiz to vor a:. e, enition, I ailso siggest the (~XpicdIincy, a: at redneing th l ei g ha d rll'ate of inh'.res. 'll enit f2r' the nlS of1 ul'>af-v, whieb is ' I permiittaad ill all counliesa', ia o ii ie. lby te avera.e late of pte~s Iict i aialy dependl on that p..co of 3 r. Th profits ot ' anhtal bdtre beI ascert:nned. Tfha p-iaa' a a ta J'odge I:, Laa te red e;;a .1 but . b ier cent., Ii :1 fcrmer' ye(ar' wa th i haat athe foreign ir'ge~ ahc tC'al I('lected, Il co4)li'mne~ i'c of the~ at at're'st ilad prfiht wifb blaj beit;a: f mtoneyV at hone,"' and~ ihing it a'1 ' enderi "he alttlaineunt of mon~'ae' inc *a the poor andI indnsl ;t 101,,' -J err rage rate of interecst on c.'apitah in South F ,ar'olinla, for the last t('l yeaeli a as arce'ly eqtuailedf six per cent. It tic nearly certaml that, iln reference to hea griculture, it has beenl below that ceati. of tate. lIn probabily no State in then Unm- tw awhere the pursuit of hausbandry I: tha > engrossing, ts there a largo inv'est-,m lent in bonds, stocks rand other moni. iu Isecurities. Thec result of this state thmgas is, that money, instead of be. pie gactively Invested in ne8w undertak- aut igs for the reproduction and inacrea. diej capital, remains almost entirely a Pi~ tarden upon the land. The temptations pm lihve without active exertions are al a 'mpropeirly multiplied. It may nha. cedbe safely' assei'ted, that the caipital Tt hose ways employed is greater than a o interest on the capital derived from b e cotton husbandry. The nmount ' vested in Bank stock alone is equal to May it not, then, be asked, whether ? c ourselves have not been warring f ainst our peculiar institutions? The rosperity of the southern community c ipends on the strength of the tie which rites the master and slave, and that t ain depends chiefly on the profits of griculture. Ivery dollar not actively anploycd, directly or indirectly, in the a:in business of otr people, or some ther induitrial occupntion, is of little ,orth in estimating reliable wealth of lie State. The moral effect, however, more serious. By diminishing the w rces of direct production which en. lchf the streams of industry and pro. rese, you multiply the number of that !ass among us. whose bond to the con. mnu y might be cuncelled in a day. As long as the interest of money is Ie. a y forced beyond t he point which, if un c.t rained, it would usually reach, an equal ty between it, arid the profits of capital n earcely ensue, especially, as the lat er reluire sk~l1, labor and nanagoment, lile the former is acquired without exer ion of body or mind. The widow and the orphan who are in ap:citated for the business of Southern ior'culture, have generally their entire ,roperty in bonds and stocks. 'A portion of -ur na.e population likewise, from many causes-the high rate of interest for the use of money being the prominent one hi changing their avocations, have, given the saie directian to their capital. They ind it easier and more profitable to deal in r securities, than to encounter the has rdtof cultivating the ground, or of manu. 'uring orcommercial enterprise. This a a natural feeling, but for public rulers to encourage it by law, is opposed to sound policy, and at this juncture, obviously de trimental to the interests of society. If the larger portion-of the capital,'so selfisily arT.unpatriotically npprrPriated,b ere en&W i re advancipga: jtdid yieiof, Ai. o d;ret 0404 between youth Carol snand the commetcial-nation )f Europe, we should soon, not only be nabled to enlarge the domains of our pe.. ale, Over the physical obstacles that so in. uriotsly Circutnscribe it, but results of a xalitical character would follow of incalcu. able magnitude to the State. In nineteen States of the Union, the an hirized rate of interest for borrowed coney is ti per cent.; in six, it is 7 per ent.; in four, 8 per cent.; and in one, 5| :-r cent. What the regulation is in Cali. urnia I am ininfornied. Of the old thir. -en States, a higher rate than 6 per cent. 1 allowed, besides our own, only in New. )rk, Georgia, and New Jersey. New. crk bmv 'the comnmercial emporium of ur cuuntrv, and the recent settlement of large p'ortion of Georgia, are causes litih have s.stained in those a demand r money, and g'ven it a value, which does e xist in South Carolina. As germane to the general subject un r consideration, I trust that I may be ex i er for repeating ny recommendation neeriing a drainage law, and the esta. wihnnet of a Board to remove obstruc. oms in streams. 'The imminent peril in which our pecu- t ir m nititaions are p'aced, thereby rean. rip'; it ncessar.y on the part of the South, > arty to protect, but to strengthen and t roet tiaate them, have iinced me to advise .o pasa of a law, exempting thae home. :d. and one or more slaves from final ( () i :lhis saubject, it is incumbent on me mey o remnark that such, an enactmenat c ild cheek the -pirit of emigrtati, in- e eme t he ialue or s!sv property, etn. I ii-; n cll a-e of society to possess it, dI Lnamrte to he' aunfor u nate, especially t uhcl,w -ad 'i hle orphani, a perpetual c i''~ pace, ac-compapniedl by the means e II '-r h~ asuppartile-, if not ctomfaorta . In order that at may not operate pre- ( he a 'hr non C re.ihtorL, thle law shaoulId be ~ p Ii htp d L7: )lt dennnng thme prompt i ' t a-i 1 00o of the Legisg. e arp1.sd i,'mn ISH to inacreas~e the naum-n b r solmad aum i0 twelve ihotusand. I r: 0 pu rch d h''l l-y of muiiske's and ri- ia andl c ua-ed several thaousand musket of out remaenti to lie mvamufactuared, princi- ai lyv m tha- .'owni. 'i'he actuaal naumber i a 's and other imaplemencts of am .r OnL ha! a th le tiume I ente~red into of. c: iid 1oe j.ut into the Arsena.als by my is '- i hLnd ini E.hibit A. aXt.I a ar'y period oj the presenat yea-.r. I ~' lid e mon.t vailner:ale us anm mCo tlhe Lt-, i, ordeur to, arovide r in a the ai ms o a ey 'lhe result has been the ei :tion of Mgg~azines for ixed ammunition to depm;.i or arms at Georgetown and p1 ufort. As Charleston is not in the con- hi an om'defaence am whiach her exposed posi and commercial importance entitle se to be placed, Imugest the expediency tn furnishing her artillery companes with addltitional batteries, and again roquest p tmnatruc-tions be givenm to remove the m: .in frm ts resntsite to Citadeh oh joct accompanies thais com~muniication. tir 'ho State being mnuch in need of field rei ca, I recoummend that thue Cuerpnor be Pa hrized to purchase, with a view to be po OSiEd~ in the Arsenalai, six 12 hrass "naers. lsix 6 pounders, anid sIx 4 ge ata laving bensubjected, during my ofil' tum term, to the mortifying necessity of on: during muiitaryesupplhe5 from abroad, of ust that this etignma on the enterprise jec nd sagacity of the State may shotly be lotted frot its history. The establish. lent, in our limits, of factories for. small rims and munitions, and foundorles for iron rdnance and bronse field pieces, is dic. ated by Bound policy and an enlightened Drocast. I have to inform you, that I have receiv d from Mr. A. Ilyde, the agent for the Late, the sum of 82,5090 40, being nearty lie entire amount due by the-Federal Gov. trnment, for the expenses incurred by the state in inutering the Palmetto Regiment nto service. in relation to our claim for orses during the Florida war, a bill was ntroduced into the Senate by 'Judge But. or, but as thia-occurred only a short time. before the adjournment of Congress, it was not disposed of. The liquidation of this claim, though ondoubte.ily a just one, can. not be relied upon. The want of vouchers, and an existing arbitrary rule of the Waq Departmont, which is rigidly enforced, are serious obstacles in our wa. The con respondence between Mr. Hyde and my self, is herewith transmitted. Shortly after the capture of Vera Crux, a large quantity of clothing, designed for the use of the Palmetto Regiment, was burnt at the National Bridge by order of a United Ntates officer. This was done in the confusion of a sudden cnoflict with the enemy. The slate is therefore entitled to receive from the Federal' Government the full value of that property. The accom. panyinjr letters contain all the information on the subject in my possession. Ther:were approdriated, at your-lest session, $2,500 for the purchase f 822,500 for the military contingences,~ 810,000 for the Contmngent Fund~ Thea larger portion of these sums, with $2,486 - 81, received from the Bank, being the bal. ance of the Contingent Fund to' the credit of the State, at the termination of Govern. or McDuffie's administration, -anud tho - amount, already mentioned, shalwlligti * put into my: hands by'Mr. H in the agregito to -)4040831 expended for,ariis and piatingiiit . a position of r pn.aUse s.te Act ta rp of the pu biC l tion right,.' Th share na, undor Utt tan youa conatitutional re fud to reeel visable that the Comptroller be d-et apply for the pmounnt due the State3' scarcely need say to you, that the Fund the Military, as well as Civil Conti'ge subject to the draft of the Governor, ought for this year, to be largely increased. In pursuance of a resolution in reference to the collecting, arranging and indexing t the records, which relate to the Colonal mnd Revolutionary History of South'Cir lina- I employed Mr. John S. Green of Columbia, to execute this important and nteresting task. Papers of considerable ., alue have been found in the offices of the .lcrks of the Senate and House of Repro. ;entatives, Secretary of the State, Treasu :r and Comptroller General. The accom. anying report from Mr. Green will ac iuaint you with the progress in the service asigned him, the manner in which it has een performed, and the probaole time that vll be required to complete the examuina. 4 ion of the records. In the spring of last year, the Rev. [Phomas Curtis, of the Limestone Springs andered to me a rough and mks bodv of ramite, from a quarry owned.by.him, vith ret uest that it should represent South iurol inn, ini the Monument, in the course ferection, at the Federal Capitol, to the * Pathcr of his Country." I subsequently auised it to be conveyed to Col zbin, there under the skiniful hands of a re* toyne & Sprowl's, it was converted into a lock of the necessary size, adorned with te arms of the State, aud otherwise finish d mi a atvle that has commanded universal Ornmendationi. Your resolution of 1848, requestmng "the overnor to cause suitable medalis to be repa red, with proper device9, to be pres nted to all then commissionted officers of ,e P'almietto Regiment, and all the non ominissioned oflicers and privates," has eien carried into eff'ect. The names aed wnk of the members of the Regiment, whb we received these memorials of gratitude the State, comprismng 52 commissioned, id 121 nton-comnmissioned~ officers, and 59 privates, you will find in theppe arked P'. Of thais document, I hA~e tused a copy to bet entered-flibid otthe teks im the Executive Departmnej' hich the pape irs or theumihi nrls La' C' W' se P'.ickney, with the three acres ound it, is deemed by the General'Gov nment essential to the safety of Charles. n, in the event of a foreign war, a. ication for its retro.cession to the tt is been unsuccessful. The report. of Capt Parker and Ii~ r Wilhame, concerninig the variatog o t a Magnetic Needle, I herewith ean i. I suget the propriqty ofana ypratonu to remunerate ts hbe i 'y bte employe li tokig serva tions; als that it bea&o, vans nsa henele ristered in the Book ~ rker, copies ofw wech 'session of the Ltaisu I herewith commn it of the roadlaws, oa ion, as President of e Sate Artl al Society, by the Hion.. Joia Jyne, to Oi fhcate Judges in the Courts Am rat importance tMb~ u y able and judliciotasian.