Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

~otuhlIoi~liie eej~ ~. WValker said heiknowteoimmenso au ei ont was not assembled to hear hinf. atA3 ho Inew that there- waits but ouo man wlhon thbjeex. dtodIo. hear. Whatever rights to had.ftihs floor, he \j1km rTkglcocddt8 a atti~l odSnatn m i aiec Attet.t , ditt hA AIr. Webi ranid that he felt himsefFutrtera uollp obligation 1tithe Penators from Wincen (Mr. Walk. or) an I Now York (IrA9,Wardi fortheir courtesY, hiallowing hinto- itrlaie Sonatl to-day. Its Wisited to's nik to-Aay4 not a a senator from Mas teichusette, nor a a Northern man. hut as an Ato icat and a4 a memb'r of the Ain trican 'miawo. ie thoight It, was fortunate for tit entit- 'lint thoro.w asa Seivie-that there, wan a hulv which fitai not yet been moved from its propriety-not yet lost to a just -orf their rwIi dignity an I high .elfriispect-a idy to which tN .om':try looked with confi.encefr wise nt'patriotic actiin. It was tnt to bo denied that we live it it heiist of otng agitaftion, a qt1.LoQoniderablo danger to the tnstituina of our- vernment. Tih impris. ned winds have been 1 e from the North, the EtAt, the West, and the' v South. and they aIr" tossing the ocearn billows the ukies, and oetpoce to our gazo its profoundest deptin. ie di. not.i f..l1 thhat he was the suitable person to take thI h:!In in la storm, nor had h% the skill to comhat the ele -1enti But h i h tvl a duty to perform-not a ditty for his own security or safety, nor to look for a fra - mont on which to float front the wreck, if wrek swhould enuo--but a duty to perftrn to the whole 1,untry, and -for tho gdod' of th whole countr -. Thero vas that which should keep him to his Juty during ithe truggle aid tie stormn. whileihr the sun or the stars shall or sthall not a ppear ftor sevtir 'at days f It was the preservation of the Union. Ife spoke to-day for the preservation of the Union. Hear M,3 foramy cause. .,4jle spoke to-day for the American heart; for the preservation of penee, coneord. harmony aml fra tortial rooling, which are what ren-lors ibi Uion 11dear to ii. elievo ne for mine Ionor. Thes Were the sulo motives which govetrno-1 hint in giv ing his opinions to the senate anl th (otntry. It might not hatmiss to recur briefly te the evetts equally siudden nod extraorilinary, which.i have broight the political condition of lie country to its present stato. In' May, IS-G, war was declared with Mexict. lho American troopsi cronted tire line of the ein my's territory, inva-led her provinces, and tinalily took possonion'of the capitol. The marine ftorrcA Alf the United States took pnscssion of all her ports on tha Atlantic and the Pacific. In le-i than two years front the commneement of the war, it treaty .tmade, by whichte Mex.ic ceded to the Uiotod os the territories on the PIitii'. It ha I so happenod that. in consequenre of the distrar t ed-and feeble iltate of Mexico before the war was known in California, the people there under the stpposed lead of Amecrican oflicers, iad over:rown the provincial government, and run up an in-le. pondet flag. When the news of the exi-tonet of thu war rentched there. the intlepentlent flag was torn down, andl the stripes hoisted lit s steadl Before tie war was over, ottr forces hapsil sinst,.Aon of Saln Francisco, and a great rush of enignts from nll parts, took iIe to Califtornia. In fanita ,ry,1319, the Mornions disrovered an extranonlina. ry rich inon or quantity of gobd at the lower ptrt of- the Aitericai branch of the Sacramento. Thif Wis kept secret fur -oa- time; but eventually, it hccom, kisOwvn. Nut long anler thia, gold was di .tt6vred in iltigher branet of tih. Saurn.-nrit riv er.- The fame of this discovery wa sprIea nbroad, antid population crowded into the couttry in inek. T nds Ia took place in the winter of '4. The dig ,trng di1 not commence till the spring of '11. nnd .Whiv tieno goid-digg ing has been prosecited with a success hitherto tunkntowjgi All know how incred. ulous the American public were at first; bt all know how rupidly, from that time to the present, assurances (fthe existence of these almost inex bttustible mines of gold have coma upon Its. W-nWa known, also, that it became highly prtpemr 14 opivido a suitable Territorial Governmnnt for thes people- but owing to thn differences existing qrt 0 'a -1 it- . a ti ch governumnit was estab Under these circumstancel, the people inhabit ing itheco try, actitng iunder a proclamation issued by ih, M ley, electid a Convention. which framine a epmttution; that Contitution has been ratified; a ALegislature lts been chosen, and Senators resentatives have been sent hitre, who iihhtn a authentic oopy of the Consti. , hor State admisslon into the - utlto sanitdxiresaprohli on Call - aaid,and he iy) li -hi formedil S -* ""' 1 le pam. ages leading to tire gallhr ae and nate floor was here ivo areat that Mr. Wfladl tQ piuse for several minutes 11 ordler was 4toitedb -t could not be denied thait it was this circum ~JJ!nb~r 3Ofslterery-which hat con-1 tj is&letli' dInpute about the propriety of Aitttng ars a State. 'I-t could not by rsail now-wvhatenver might have hoang gi.at first as a reason for thme wvar with Mexico-that it was not prosectfed for thc acisii tiorn of Territory. It was argued that the only proper miade of obtaining intdetmnit y for the expetn ~t~of the vr was to take Territory. kAnd as thie all Inaid souith of the United Statese, and 'n~vrm ie ta,~e it was ndtutrally 'eu-eo by the ~outh, ali aculpiiih tof territory in that region would be added to tie slavetlihig Stiie,. Events hayc not turned ouat to be so; their xpectatiotns hryv6 not beeni rceahzed; an I hiance thieir lisicintenti. Aiiil now that quetiton. slavery, whlic'h i' si to ftent alarmed the wise and gnod mien of th~ contntry, c)Imes upon a for fresh disen'tssiona. ie tai he woni revie w historically the'.qutestton of slavery, partly because its character Inde the mode of discutsssing it have been the cause of great alienation of kind an:! friendhly feelinags. Sltavery eisteid in all ages of thi wvorldi. i t edist edI among the oriental ntatins. It existed among itho Jews, anil theoc'ratic governme'nt of that ts-ople :.dt~o tie charge of lnjtistico agaitnt it. Slaivery 'e~titedoaromong tihe Greeks, ant the phtilrophy oif that people foutnd the niamne exuseu for it nts in st up in this coun try lby its defend~ers anol audvoetes. They juistililed slatvery otn the grountd of tihe inifritir -it yof ther A fricatn, comapared with the whtin- raie. 'lireytdidl not unidertake to show, by clo- e logtii, that thue right conuisted in the powier of the strtin ove'r tire weak, hut placed it ont rthe groitmd uof tie - ,infutriority of the niegro race. 'rThe mrore mranly jurisprutdenrce of ii the Rmans urstifieud it on tire othrer grorund. Frotn thes earist ] trlttprutdenc-e dowun to te fall of then empn~ire,. it wats - ld thrat slavery wvan against ntatuiral law, hut ~untified ont thetlaw onartioins itn recounnised; they argued- that I a5~t hawv captives tal-en ini war might be held t).Pnsomned; or ltey tmightt, in ex change for don-it, volntariiy becomne shaven; nn-] tht ttheir condlitiotn as slav'es deeel to their posterity. They also hbhi thaut a mani might vol zimtarily teull hinmaelf to anottheur, as a slave., ftir de bt,; taund thirdly, that parsons couldl be madte sivas four critmes. * At thes inttrodnection of Christiatnity thet Raman -world wvas frull of rdavcs; nati nto injuiu-mitionC:int that conrdition of tman wais found ini thte preactihing of the gospel oaf Jeusn Christ, or aif any of hris A pus tIes. 'hu object of institu tig, of fimtnling Chris tianity, was to totuh the hteart anm:l improve then mind of' man. its obijectt was to operate uii the in .dlvidural heart antd indi oif mn. Now, ott thu geineral naturoh ndliaractmer of tween ithe Nor thern and the Souith;ern portions of theo couratry. On the- one sid', at thre Noirthr, it wvas biebi, even in the absence of intjnstice, to be a rigiht funinded ini pewter and] might over fe-eblentess, and slavery in Is hell not to lhe itn accordantce w.'ith the tteek spirit ei tire Gio-pel. IThaese are sentime~ntn.-tcrishi-td re ogpty wth agmetedforce by the people of the Nrhr tat, adIt hias tatken hull (if, antd p~r d~testm ther religious feelinigs. The South, on titn other sidea, treat ing their shaves weithi tie tmost kintdnessn and consideration, hamve bren tan;;it with the Greeks toi look upn lte A fri etian as ian inuferior crteatutre, whio.a tnt niral ate. is of boniJng'. 'rThom are, at the Sotht, thotustandu oef muen who, Jiuving contscien-es as tinder ani-i its ity rigjht-tra tiny at the North, catnnot takhe the Ntarthern view of thIs sithtJen. There are othttrs whio look upcon thtigs n they aro, antd withourt inquittrintg fur th , deciare, cont-cienitiontsly, that theuy haivei tn -thnr die responasibility nor the power to clear them-n elvort of the istitiution. TIhen Senator from Soth Carolitna (Mr. Cailhoun) the othrer day allud-ed to the neparatiotn ofthe Meth o list E~pl,:opni Chutrch. This 5Cp:.raition totok place on this subnhjeot of slatvery. I In lad examined thje subject, had ooked at tihe separrationr wvitha anx iety, fer ha looked'Ilpon thmat denomuinationt an one of-ther grceat props of religion tanrttmoraility tof tihe nwhnle people; lie had rc-ad all the argtnmentu ont bqth sides, buit never hatd buen able to so'otny good causa fur the separation, nor that ainy goodl could r'nsult from it. Whren'iuestlons of this kindu take hold of the re ligigus mindi; tid creep into reli giotns axsembthliagt) they nirst headl to excitemnent. All htistory showsa Ijiat rdigioeus disptos lenAi to wvar. Ulponi all suchr mubjeets and in all stuch controvershies, mnen think t.heiesevisahohimnuely righat, andl all others iiTyr in Lg from thlenis absolttly wrong, and mark ot o strng line between: what they thipit wronig. ~lThero aire itien who cannot kei' titat int too hortlIy pqrijigone they are apt to fall Into. nany errors. .bvared dsi nued to mnn t tI otne duty a awar Ir n dna ria o 9l dver others. ny deal! snorals are as asudly eronetratedl s* an algui reysiton. Thyh that~ Wir their jal - "C 4 be tweea ti* tru y how 1n h' lW uIctsRne of di sin anl' exapbrations exsting amongt e Ie. Slavery does exisi in the Un States, and did exist In the States before and at the tasm of tho adoption of the Constitution. Ife propoead toshow what wan tle state of'publib sentiment in relation to it, at thu North and at the South. at that time, an-r witat the-great and wine-men of all parts df ithe -oun!ry thougTat of it in 1787. At that time there w -a no great diversity of opinion, and it will be (mtil thit both partiaes-South and North-hold slavery to be a great moral rend political evil. Not nuh. thnuh stono invective agtitattit an a cruel condition, was uttered; but the great objection was, it being a politieal evil, as taking the place of free laIhor; at a labor which was lees trbong and less IrdIve . All held it to be an evil and ascribed t 1uly"'to the evil policy of the mother country, Wi1 antalled it on the colonies. Etminent men held it to be a blight, a mildew, a ascourge, a curse; aind the North was not then so escited against it as the soulath. This wn- the light in which the Convention whieh formed the Constitution held it. The es. lion then was, how to deal with theevil. ey thougt slavery could not continue ifthey prohibi. ted t importation. ience a limit to importation of sIave" Wla proposed. Twenty years wall propo. Fed by a Non hern mn. Southern gentlemearn op. po'ed that as beitig too-long. ir. Madison was wnrm in oppoAing it as too long. The tern "slavery," nor "fugitive slaves." is not 1tsea1 in the Constitution. "Persona bountd toatervi. tttde." is the tern aised. Mr. Madison sail the worl wae not rcognized by the Conattaiaion. "Tlle Convention met in Philadelphia, and sat fron May to) September. 1787. Contretso was lair. ilnr the whial' 1ime in sesint at New York. All the grent men of the country were in either one or thet olier body. A few perapN held pepat in h'ttl. It wats in tlia' sunmmer of 17-47. anl while the Con e ..n. franining the Consaitution, that Cont. gra"'s WAR framiniaz the ordinance of '87. There ,wte: n porfect moncurrence b--aween the two hodlies. I'i orchinance applied to all the T'erritory then b!eonting to the I'nited States, being that north. weet 4f the river Ohio. .iriuinia ha- a few years previotsly ceeleel to the I -titedl S-tate all this Territory. It was a mag tinnmitmoat act. It was one of'the fairest clainsa of Virgiani to our respect and gratitude. nand only fi'ec. nal to that other clain, that fron heir counaeafs and frot her statesnitena irst eanate.I the idea (of formt. lnur a general Comstitmion. Tik ordinatee wan In full operation when the Constitution was ndopted and the government put im operntion in 1789. It was clear tas nn hi'torical truth, that at the franim of tie Ctnstitution it wa th general ev prtattn itat upn t hpeMi l' eat-inag of importation of slavies. im the country woila he'iin to rt out. It wn aleN an liktoricalI truth that so far as power existed ib the Congress to prohibit the preads of slavery in the inied States, that power was exer. i4a' to the filli-t extent. The Senator friom Southi caroliaaa land sni that this oralinnree was the firat of the serien of deprivat. nion of ith. privilaeges and equalitica of the eonith, hit that it wa" .lone by thie Confeleration. t wiats the net f lie Co( naatfeataion, bait wVas daline withe tle conatcuarrence oftha whole Smith. The oralinance war naloatedl by at iianimaoust vtite of the 8ath t en' Stateu . hanl thle only vtet against it was a Nortlhernt one. I[ere he mnight paie and relect n the perf'ct necord in lithe opinion of the North atn South oat thims abiectt 1thtt tirne. Iltat opinion ald anigeald both at the North and the Sotth. 'iavery was tint nw consilered at that Sotuth aae an evil. 'Son After these events, a 'h nanro in opinion a 'cn aniad a severance of opian It shoved Itself-hoi North giing inmre strong Ind warm anninst slavorv. the Saith morn strong anti warm it f.vor of it. 'What liha been the enuse if the 'hange in athr opinion of the Satith-a :hange which hase given slavry a new nomecla ure! It it now ani in ,%ion, and nyt a soon e -riot a e'aro, Ir' styi at it to beowing to the -.ldeon riniirg anael rnpid growth of the cotton plan. ing in'er'eat. it war this gave the desire to it. Inta' t )r and tosa 'it. rn -r . thin a eiaoria n worn not more, In, :ally, than forty or fifty thtouanrd dllare; now, .rhape. it ie a Ireld millions a year. At that ime thert wtas onare Wax, indigo and rice raised han cotton. It was not bellIeved in Engli d that iy cotton was raijnedal; ennd Mr. Jeftfrsonvege, that Ifer the treaty by xchtic Amrcn ucuwas dowed to be carried to . V - nnsmon t o IanIIdh by IthIe (Imie-rn c f the c rUstomIi house; hey declaring that Cottaen was not rased In- this 'oinntry. They kiow bet ter now. The age of Cottou lhai. iceut a troale'n age to athe Soauth. It ha' eleiteda ai lesire whlich has groeyn on what it fed tupon, anal anon It baeame the rage for newv area of Territory to raise Cottona. tat 190'2, Alabama was addedl to the Contf'rleracy. In 1803, l.ainisianoa. inichidintg what now compose the slave Statese of Missouari atal Arkeanian. Ini 1819. Flaida waas mtore slaveldlaing Tea.rriatory. 'Tho Senator from South Caraolina said that he ltad seen in the policy of the Goavernmnt. in to node of reguilating the revenue. causes fair the me-e. rapidl groth of the North. This m-ty be so. iut if aniy opernation of gnvernm--nat can hr shown to inca"e tae poapulatiaan anal graowth of the North, it cani hbe nthling to the operaatos of the gove'rn mte'nt tea praomtote rsla a trritory'. It was naot thae antt'rnat"neaof tme that broutghat in Flonra and Louairiana. hii:ate acts oef man. Anal amteng tse' act' eaf tian taight he inmc'lided lie anntexationt of 'Teas int 19-15. This lnst clo-sed thc ebntetar and aa-'taed thet ac'ouant; fear thte aenonation of Texas byt the resoluitionsleatead dial noat leave one acre of lanaI that was not settleda as slave territory. 1By ttaoe reseelutions it was gnranticed by haw. There was net a fot of landI in the United States time character of which, as far nii slaveary or F~reea Sail wa' 'once'rnead, whtichi wa not settled firanly' hey haigh anda irn're'cablea laws. At the atme of thte annex,'ationa of Te'x'as. the.- Sr'anaaor fraom Sasab Ii('aralinta was at the lhenal oef thet States I), partm na t: theare waas alhena itn atha Sentlae a geattla' asrn'an-arkale faar lia netivity an-l alraoitnies, who' hai .ineaet beena Secareta ry eof t hae Ti'reasury. ( 1r. Wt':a'r,) ail baetwee'an a themi bothi ah had''lr aa'tth-da the c'harnae'aar of the 'rerriteorv ef Tl'a. fear all time. It was neadly donae-a close piecet of joaner'a weark. Mr. W.. r.-a'l that part of the resolutilons of an ne'xationttof'le Txas partienilarly re'fe'rrinag to na'w slave States ieb haatmarkaed att of he'r territory witha her ceaea.nt, atnd makinig this a pa rt of the' aomf II'elel aidtat bys thraeea rare~luation" it wvas solaemn-t lv teacured atha~t entt aef ath" aerritory' of'le Te'ta newa Srte'- te e ilatliha'r aif fealir Env ha" feame'd. athose Seetith eaf it.Ile. :Iaan. iee ha - ive State,'" thoe~se Nirtla t e If ree'. No net eef t 'eettrea's ane ia 'traeah to tis amraty. 'ea'ss tieae'rpts ahae ta'rams ande 'eotjm inupon etm. lIe ataw wae way ine which'l th.. Governiatneet catn raela'ansa Iself fraom 'this 'hliga-. aten. Slavory was Iixad thaere. by poasitive' gaaraan atty. PTa' re'.ol ut io a'nepovie tatn free State< enna hi' fr.- narih~ tir of t 3'hg. 50mt.; tamt ha"e'coanenat ofl Tie'xa' is requiareda. ifeaw 'oualdI aattomnact he foerede if lie Naorthe hiad the overthr~aowinge peow e'r wahjaih thae Senaiator front Sotth Crralia plays it laa heade T at the leetns of hIaepre'setattive' th'e- ra-enelht. eaons were mioptedl by' a'ighety S'thleerenaml fifly .Narthlern voe"'. ina tie Setate', by a vt'e of tween tv-evena taa twenty-fiv"'. Of this awenty'-'event, alhi rteen atwere' fromta tihe freea Sata a-te-~ r f'raom Ne'w F'england a. Narly oane-linadfef alae voete' as F~re Seal tate's, lie knew n tahing sea remat~rkeala in htistoary as tis aeflitir. This 'iT'rriaory tef Te'asa over wih't a bairdl 'ouild tnot fly ini a wee(k---anneox edl, anal poseiaivelhy garantida toi be slavao Te'rrito ry, nthrla rr'e-fmth o' heel s liha 'ray-lovainatg memn herrs ofl thea linsei froma Conntai'e'aanat aen ''ne-alf itt athe tenatea, voteda fair it. Onie voete was givent fear it fromta Mhainae, oane f'raam Mhtatehn eeatts. he.'t mre catlh-de ahiemneeha s the .Naorthearni itma'arney'. Tlhey wVenit fer the negi'itioni eef 'T'erritery. they waentt fair thae intraolia'aaaon aof a newt' ri a nd'rel aiti - f te'r its iantreadna'tetin they~ liropeire toa appuly tea it ate uat~ i' t'rae of tite Wliaet P'roiv ta. Twova .. e'toarr oe froam tC'onnaecti'ent andta o:1 fromn Newt Y'ork-'otedl fear tihe resoluaionse of tat neaxationa, wvith their aees wvidea en~st tea the ac 'tt athat te thten Se'cretar y eat .'inte' lada aapenaly annd with maathiaaessa advocatedl ites ianeattion beeansere eaf ias beinig tlavae territory. Mr. Clhomia saidh ahat Grenaat flritaia, with the, aid of Ahbalitionaistas lien, was aendleavoaring~ to ahe - iash slaverny le i' exias., It wav oan this groundta lie adhvoentedh its anntexettionm. Air. We bster saidt it was anarly the a'metr theing. Those twao Senatort. who lada voetea to anneai Tea as-whet hade voted. fair acqiing niew aarriory. have goatn home tat lernd t" great F~ree Sail ptaty. 'They hadu le'ft tat thea Senate' the aim eof voatinag te carray intao cIfees th-'guartanay to admoit ew smave' States, or that grneater-odiinmtovvote tat violatte tat guaratnty, wvhilae they hiave goan eaame and aire niow enigaged in makinag flamninghree Saidl speechtes. Air. WV. ttn grave a haisetry aof hiN cousre aei thC. sinhject ofl the atnneexationa oaf Terxas, and oan that prniple' s aof the Wi~lmot Proiviso, shoetng that f'rom theo year 1836, hte htad uniforamly ot~ppoased ti former aand ensutinted thi latter; readinug freatr speeches udehiveredl mn these subtljects. ie hadt yea teal aigatinst the bill to coaiinamate the aannesation acecetsin, on ac'quishionea of territory, north o1 soth; lhe always adopted the Speartatn maxim "imnprosee, adhon whtat yOu havei, seek no furahser.' t , in the stt faiitirs, hecudse o oth:l mnode ofproceeditng, than to carry otat the e'aran cHM of" T was OPI vry by te Northern .eight i hausus W on aIt eihts in"ti au in 2 bi to carry sla tia do natul imposui do' and Character of the coun , end he at no selaholder would car ry his saves to such a couptry, It was a fixed fact that California and Now Mexico were des. tinod to be free, and that too by the arrangeme:ts of things by the power above. If a law now be. lo;.L ie nat pr~vdina agrroril Tbemnt. rtIW. Mexico, ou 4v tor o flb ion o-rlavery. Ilo would nake to;effoirt-to carry 'out by law, an ordinance of nature, or to re-enact the will of God. lie wouli not voto for it- in such-a case, because it was wounding to the feelings of Southern gentlemen who hold opinions that the are theorotically at leust allowed to carry thefr slaves there. Ile would treat the Wilmot Proviso, as far as New Mexico was concerned, as Mr. Polk did it with regard to Oregon, that in as a nugatory act, and in that came a. senmelen act. Any man who would vote for the Wilmot Proviso for New iex ice, should feel himself bound to protect the etern al snowq of Canada fron slavery, by the same overohadowing wing of an act of Coigiess. When any thing practical was to he ofreeted, he might vote for it, but he would give no vote to disgraco his own understuanling. In these times ofexeatement it in but naturml that mutual cruminations should take place, and that each side should have a list of grievances with those of the South. One of these was founded up on true grounds. It in that the North have shown a disinc'ination to carry out the obligations of the Con stitution in that particular requiring that fugi tives slave from labor shall be rendered up. n this particular the South was right and the North was wrong. Ile considered that by the terms of tite Constituion, it was made the dity of the States and their Igi-dature to give up these slaves. Every member of a State Legislature was hound by his oath to suppiart the Constiution, and haul no right to consider any excuse for not carry ing all that Constitution into efl'ct. There was a hil now befoire the Seiuate to carry into efllct this provision ofthe Constituin, and Ie would vote for it. The South was right in its complaint of injury on this point. and the North was wrong in being uinindii ofwhat the Constitution peremp torily reqiutirel of them. Another subject of ucomplaint was the restulutions sent hero for iiutructibons to membern of Congress, some about slavery in this District or einewhere. Ile thought that these resolutions by State Legis laturt-, wen heeotme of too common occurrenre. lIe agreed with some sentin-nts uttemd a few dlays ago in the M.iasachusotts Iegiuslature by a young member, who said he would vote for no resolm ionsq to be sent to the members of Congress. Ile saw no propriety in one set of public servants inistrueting another net; they were all public ser vants, and alike responsible to their constituents. lIe woul be no more willing to listen to itstrue tions from Massachusetts on a point where dlie was only an much interested a any other State, than he woulb, if appointed on arbitrator in a question of private right, listen to the instnictions of the man who appointed him. The Abolition societies at th North was anoth ersitluject of complaint. lie had no srmpathies with thewe societ-en. They had hadl the cflut of preventing any favoiuaile sem.s at tho South in heltlf of enticipattion. Within the last twen ty yeas he had ito doutbt that inmoney enough had been contributed to A bolition presses and societies to purchase the freedom of every slave in AMary. landil and send thetm in .ibea. lIe hail yet to learn that Abolition philanthropy ha-l taken that turn. Thte Sotth coinplhaed that the press of the North was directed against the iuititutions of Sonth. It was trum that in the Northern pa p !r., stich cltrge- antd acctiations werev mtaide lit in die South it was equally as bad. In some of thto speechs" and dohates in Congress were bitt little improved and better ih in tlti lone of the presi. Every sentiment tittered by thy Southern pross, or by Southern men, high or low, which rofleoted upon the North, was copied into the Northern paper3, and sent forth to a reading people, and produ ced a Ihi feeling. It was the ane at the Bonth. 11o saw no reamndy in the power of ContresS odr dhts griance. iThere were remarks in E sech o the nerator freo. Louisiana, (Mr. aownsh)-where he contrusLed the laborurt of 1wnod four-fifth of thl pro rt the North. Theoy were an edu11cat1as, and any coin parison such0 as that inate by the Sonatovy,ould t-o mch to feed the excittemnt. SHo woiuld rather hecar Ha'tors alil dieclare the intpossibility of diuo,,alving this Union, than that aniy onto should say it couk! be done. Ho hade httard of secsion-poaeable cticession! It w~ts impt~olhlo, You mighut as well at temtnt to disturb die o":an to its dtepth withot ruiling th-e surfatce. H1 wt~ suirprisiel tot h.'ar-anuy one foolish entoingh taluppo there cotuld bi a s.eces.siotn rr disoltution without vio lace. Didi Senatitors tiuppos ithatis [Union wa-i like stnow unedir a vernald stat, io be imehed g.nttly awayv That theset States. were to pairt peacefully-m ike a c-onctrrnt ngremnnt to soparati?-with atlimon~ly on both sides ? l w.t'di to know wht.-re thae flag wasi to go, where the eatgle wats to stand, or was tic to cow er and falt to the g~round ? I low wasc each-I State to pmrotect itself ? I Ie laud htat that a Siauthaern C onfteey wa-s to fo ramed. 1I:3 tid not chiarge' any one with think i-ig of it. It was talk--d tdhomt. I le was sor rv it was talked atboutt; laen wasi sorry it was <Ireamn'd abotit. It wa~s imnpeile to form at hino betwiten the slave andt t free State-i. A titne coutld not he, dlrawnv that wVould bue satis tiuctory to tive- man ini the inion. I Ie hail a d: gmst for this siubjiet. II. wuhdi rathler hear uof blightt, miihutew, it scounrge-wouild rallher hiear of watr, pestilee; ad tni ne, thtan secos si- nl. There wouild he noi iiuntiont, nt' seres ,i in; but the I mion would last, he. houped, foirev II - ht:id board ot the Nadhville Coi nvenationa. II. ie upptoed, fromn whatit hi:tl heen-t said, thtat it wula d Ibe a( ConvtVtion' ti) reconutnteiitd conili :iorv meaa-,tires- lto thme Sutha anil tot the Northu. It tnt, andI they~ weire to ft'et with ii;ilrpoi-us adv,rseu tot the Unionii and the ('ontsitatiion, thent they~ wVero sitngiidarly'i irmpproipritle in ti r sin heelioin of a place of mn:eling. Aflter ate treaty of Aiins,a: miembttlr of the llritish 1 ou-ie ofi ('o:mnonras, commntiing uposn it, sail: "Thtat it Kingu WVitinmn cutldl know wlmnt the treaty was hea wotuhi turn in his rotlin." if this Conarveni lion was~ to me~et to take tmeasu res ag..aist thti5 IJio n. the satn ti emph ilatic- r-emairk might ib imlad toI tem, thai~t they were not int tIhe proer lahce, whtent theay heldlu such I coni-si-h- over theit soil w, wr repaoae I ie remu:liin iof Andtrew Jack ion. lI I thtoughlt that itT. Texo s wvould aigrie to cede to3 the h~ited' Staites. alh ther te-rrtoury Norih of the thirty hoimrth patraltl-i, for a mnonfy co niderattioan, thei puroposit ona shle be coma sideredl. IlIe wioub h saty to the gentlemtarn of dte South that if they wouild propo~nse a sceum' for coloini zinig the free. blacik., of lte Sombi on a Ilargi -cal-he ii wuiu vot;e fir it. li. wottuld viote- to r.-turni to Virginiui allI the- mineya- rieceivedu ifrom thme li hd whlieb slue.reded to thai II tited S-htat-s, ton be apphedu~u to th~at purpoise~. Fh~itiy . niiliins of diullaur hadt alre:idy lu-it recuived, and. if the raiuu he- suuhl. it wub~l prouuce two huondre-d muilionsut o31 dollars lie wouuhl he willing to vote all thais toi amn-horaite the condi Wiir. W. thuen cc tat d I in so -imlii generaud reatirk-up thet ti met su-. and the, tuue.ssity bar ateir .howaing themselves~u ht- to theijr dutii,-; hei hoped-i there wvouIld be no pi'm:ies whlent thme cas-. citlid aor imen; andE ini Somel r-tma~rks umpoin the, boundlessu- prousperity (it the cunltry atnd its h pa, tor the Itoturei. .t Calhouna. I rise to correct what I c-on eive (tib an error iof th isliitigiuiishdi Sena our fromtt Maassachusetts ns to the nmotives whmich indiuttced thme acq ui.it ion of Floridta, I snm isianta itndt Texats. t l it ittutedi it to thett g real grawthI of co ttonai, andl the duesire o f thme SothI ern people lto get an extensiont of Tertritory with limo viewv of cuhiivatintg it with more prodi thian they could in a compact anti crowdeid set tlen~t. Now, 31r. Preusidont, the history o theoso acquisitions I think was not correcto given, it is wvell knownt that the acqutisitiomi of F-loridla wats the reftult of ant Indiuan war TIho semtintok Indians residling nloong time limu nitnekc-d one of our fortre'uec: troops were or. 74f .;;, "Alp time the Sm or. T were collected tniy I' tribes of 1ulla the Creeks, the oc**s, ChIckasawsa the Chokes, about tlirty thousand . I -who hold conneticot, almost the whole e thom, with the Spunish authorities In FIori andtcarzried-on a perpet with thei It was wil known twf'a most polhlclous intflu eace wasthus eor4W over thon; and it wA the desirro or preventing conflict between t Indians ail ourselves in the South, as I believe Which itn~eud the acquisition of Florida. I come now ia Wse well know thal the immo4 n nm for tho-acquisition of Lou Islana wasthe suspension of our right of dopo site at Nehv Orei '. Under a treaty wit Spain we had a rigft to the navigation of th river an fag ad NoA Orleans, and a right t< make deposites in he port of New Orleans The SpanIsh autiprities interrupted thai right, and that intctruption produced a great agitation at the Wet, and I may say through. out the while Unitd States. The gentle. men then in op>si ion, a highly respectable party-the old 'ediral party, which I have never said a word ddisrespect in regarl t -if I nistjake not, Wok the lead in at desire to resort to arui to aiquire that territory. Mr. JefTerson, mnore prulent, desired to procure it by purchase. A pirchase was mnde, i, or. der to remove the difflculty and to gi. anl outlet to the West b the ocean. Th-it *as the iinrnediate cauw of the acquisition -0 lAiiana. Now, air, we come to Tex, Perhaps no gentleine had more to do wk, the acquinition of Texas than myself; rnd. aver, Mr. Prusident,that I would have heets among the ery laistindividual in the United Stated to hare made any movement at that time for lie acquisition of 'exas; and I go further, if I know nerlf, I was incapable bf a'mttrmrig any terristy sinplyfen the ground that it was to be an onlargeneit of slave rer. ritosry. I wirill justas freely hiwve acquired itif it had bcen (in the Northern as on the SIuthern side. N sir, very difT'ret. me. tives actuatel me. X knew -it a very early period--I will not iito :e h:atory of it the British Gtveraint had gi ven encoarage. MIet to the AXlitionsts of the IJoited States, who were repreentlo at the World's Coi. veintion. The peAton of the abollition oi slavery was atgitated n that Coinvention. One gentleman stated th4 Mr. Adan informasI hu,,i hat ifthe BratisiGovernigent washed ISO abolbsh slavery in lse United States they moust begin with Teyis. A cwmiwnian was sent from this Woild's Convenition to the liritish Set-retary of itte, LorJ Alerdeen; aniid it so happened thit a gentleman was pre sent when the intervew took p!ace bet ween Lird Aberdeen and tie conaiatiee, who g.ave me a full account of it shortly after it occur red. Lord Aberdeenfell into t he project, ind kave full encourageiient to tlhe Abalitionis4ts. Vell, sir, it is well ksown that Lord Aber deen was a very direk, aid, in my op:n.ai, a very honest and nnrhy mn-m; and when Mr. Pakenham was sent here to negotiate with regard to Oregon, and inrilentally with respect to Texas. lie was ordered to reid a declaration to this Government, stating that the Brit-sh Governmest was anxious to pit an end to slavery all o er the world, roninen cing at Texas. It is well knaown, furtlher, that at that very tirne4ne vociation wnas going on between France and Lnigland to aecom plish that object, and our Government was thrown by stratagem oat of the negociation; and that object wp, trgyl.w.. iMbggk1i4 i i't she vouild a All these are matteft of history; and where is the man to blind--1 atm sure the Seiator from Massachusetts is not so bld-an not to see that if thn project of Great Britain had been auccesafal, .~ whole frontier of the States of Louisiana. Urkansas, and the adja cent States would hatve been exposed La the inroads of British emissaries. Sr, so far .as was concerned, I hut it exclusively upo -that ground. I never wouhi run into the folly of re-annexation, which I always held to be ab surd. Nor, sir. woual I put iL upon the grounid-wvhich I might well have put it-of commriercialI a nd mi ,nacturintg cons idera Lions; because those were not miy mortive ptrinipes, and I chose to assign what were. So far as comiimerce and' lnaIctures wvere concerna-l, I would not have mloved in the ti ater it that early 1'eriod. The Senator objects that imany Northerni gentleimen voted for unnexationl. Whyla, air, it was natural that tkey should he dlesarous of fultihlinug thle obhlgataions of the Constitution; and, besides, wham mam at that time, doubted that thme Miassoturi Couaprntinse lane would hec adoptedl, arnd thait tle Territory wualtd fall entirely to the South! All that Norherr men.1 asked for at that titme was the extensior of that line. TIheir couarse, in my opinion, was emnineintly corredt and pat riotic. Now, MIr. I'resident, hlaving mnade thtese corrections, I muiast g' back a little further, atnd correct a statealmnt which I thiaak the Senator haas lefi very defective, relative to thet ordlinance oft 1787. ile states, very correet lv, thlat at co: nitnaee under thet Oid Cont edl erattian; that at was :fte'rwards co~nfiemd by Congress; tit Congrerss w s sitting mn Neu Yorak .at the t anet., w. lie th Caoniventtioni sat it Phil Itla'lpha; anald tht thera' was conicert II action. 1 h-ave not baakedl amat the oardanet ve'ry reenit fy, boit imy ianeimory wiall serve ma thus tar; thIt. Mr. Jetll'rsoni imltincd ha: first pnrpslttain to exctthCd slavery in 17.64 Tlhere was a vot e ta ae, upaim it, andl I thlini< on that vote every i ,aathern .Senator voIei against it; but I atiit noit ca'rtailtiCo it. 0,i alhmg I aim (er;.inii , thtit at wvas three year bf'ore~ thle olatiat roul pass. It was sitaurdily resis.tedh do v.in ti o 17'7; ait:0 whien ads p~sd ast I h t goui re:iaon to, befhaave at wvas uapon a pr i'eple ofi ttci.p~ ien; Ii -s hat thea trdianace shld~ Contiain a roiso saindlar toi tha onte puat all the Conaistatiat in with respect toa ft;.gi slavyes; and ntext, tha it shoutild bie ansertel ain the Conals .a o . ai this was te comiapranlise' tupos wvh :h, thme fpra htiation wa~s amriert el i a thie rthnace a!t 17i7 We thouughat we bitu an iaub-naioity mn thal lint we miadie a great inostake. ( ) wheat maos saible adivanitage~ hliit beent taa u.! V ohite, f;aathI has lnet us ont every sale', :and ithe adl v.intiae hasa be'a aaoga'ther i thae. r tauor a. ()a the the ar side, I hla tbeen' tharaown open t a Nthea:!~ran popi ui ito thacetitre exisaa ofi thei Soualtheni. This wVast te ;e ihaa, measuriae whaachh de-toyed~vo liae e iaipraua:se a t Conastiatuattin, aid th-isi flwed thae .\i lioirn comaipraomise, whicth as~ c.arrmJ ul ii n a bay Noratherna viotas. altah .ugh iniw dIaisawe anid anit re'ipectead by thema 'lTant was th next step, andta betwetin these tw ~a iuses iih e ipubbranan has he bCilrtoka'n. I [tvmg madae tuae reamarks, le* tme sa that I iamak great aL'taure io ni aamag t, tha dle' hart tioias ot tlrII antrahih: Seia lar froal himisel upoani thle faulti fimnt al athae conlt rail a Congajre'ss a thea 'eilut ioiis of 'Teaxas annao, atiaon, fair I hie aahibistin tat thae fouir new State providhed faor by t lose nrsaltianaas tat bie fiaram taut of the Te rritury of Tle x as. All h u.i wa ianaly, stat es-ai ike. andl talcua iteda to d, goodl, hecauase past. 1ie wentt furthaar; h' condaeminedl, and aghatfually caondeminedl, anr iin that lie has Slawn great firianess, th course of the Nor'h roirata h eat t hea st ipulatioa of the Conistittin foar tiae restoratoan of faig tive slaves; b~ut pcrmtit meir ioaany, for r desa to-he canid ulpotn al subjects, that if th Seoiantr together with mlanay friends onti raide of the chambiler, putt is confiadence in th hill wihich has hiernretported here, further 9Now" r aa9we r - to eve 4hem to he disposed of as the ha4of Nature shall determie' It is Wtat I always have iisted upon.. leave that portion of the country more natural to a ron-slaveholding population to be filled by 'that description of population; and leave tha portion into which slavery would naturally go, to he filled by a isaubtiding population-destroying artificial 11lines, though perhap they may be better hlan none? Mr. Jefferson spoke likk a proph. t of the effect of the Missouri Apromise tme. I am willing to leave it for Nature to - 0ettle; and to organize governments for the "'erritories, giving all free scope to enter and I repare themselves to participate in their I .eivileges. We want, air, nothing but jus. Ice. When the gentleman says that he is ling tifleave it to Nature, I understand he .Wviling to remove all impediments, wheth. .real or imaginary. It is consumate folly t issert that the Mexican law prohibiting slery in California and Now Mexico is in foce; and I have always regarded it so. Vo nAn would feel more happy than my. 4A 1 to believe that this Union, formed by our amaostors, should live forever. Looking back to I long course of forty years' service here, ,.ve the consolation to believe that I have ne'er done one act which would weaken it; tha-: have dune full justice to all section. xidh if I have ever been exposed to the im. p utations of a contrary motive, it is because I have been willing to defend my section from unconstitutional encroachments. But I cao. not agree with the Senator from Massachiff set[s that this Union cannot be dissolved. im I to understand him that no degree of op. -ression, no outrige, no brokein faith can pro f cc tIhe destruction of this Uninn! Why, ' '.if that be oines a fixed fact, it will iti.f hemire the great instrintent ef producing "PPeicsion, outrage, wii broken faith. . No, Sir, 1 or Unen~t canl hie b roken. Great moral causoI,6vill break it ii they go on, and it can Gnly .bereserved by justice, good faith, and a rgrid neerence to the Constitution. Mr. Wlsater. Mr President, a single word in relly to the honorable member :rorn South Carem-t. My dl:tance froii the hon. aorable ifflteer anl the criwdael state of the ritn preven,.d me :roi hear oig the whole of his resoarki, I have oily ise or two oib. servttoians to or-Ae; -il, too be.gin, I firi. no. ti'e of the Ilorti'ar .n.aaers, last remark. lie aeks ine if I Id ihie breakiig up of the Uiimo1, by anly Pat Ih 'iing as the voluntary secuts'ol ,I S ,te. al is' )mpovsibility.t know, sir, this Usion can bhraykei up; every Guvernment cn be; and 1dmit that there may be such a degree oi of oesmion as will warrant resst-,nce anl a torciba,, severance. Tint i rev,diation. That is revoaitin! o: that ilitimate right, of revolum -on laiave not been speakan.. I know that iLat, a ne ces;ity doe.' erist. I .orbear Iri goin15fur. thier, beciianse I '14 iot wish to run into a i;s. clussion of the tai-ure of this Governmeo I'he lonrai,le inember and myself have trooken lances sukffiiently often before on thi: smubject. Mr. Caluhouin. I have no desire to do it now. Mr. Wedister. I psoauime the geta. tleman has not, aiid I have queia as ittle: The giientema refers to the occasioag Vin whtwh theise great acquitsitionsap were tnade,to torrtory (in ste Southern side. Why,uii. don'btedly wise and skilful public ien, haVing anuolbject to ac4-qninmjt aZ Wtie rig iunder th ressure of ethe tifiseaton of which the thn- cudb it was done, and done skilfully. Let one tin:g tatrther; and that is, that if *Iafry ware udohashed, as it was supposed to have been, throughout all Meaxico, before the rev. olution and the cesatblishmnent of the Texan Govcrnament, then, if it were desirable to hiave possession af Texas by purchase, s a maeains of preveinting it's becoaming a British pousession, I su1ppoase that ol.ject could have been securedl by imaking it a tree territory el the United States as well as a klave territory. 'Sr, an moy gre tt desire not to prolong this deb late', I have omitted w~int I intended to say upo~n a pirticuhar question under the miotion: of the llionol Seinator fromn Missouri, pro. posimg an ameiidoment to the resaohua ion .,f the iohanorable iaemnber fraom Ilhnios; and that is, upon the propariety as d expediency of admit tang Catitoroia, unde: all circumastances, jus as she is. TIhe smore general subjects in. volved in tiis questiont are now befoare tE Senuate unider the resolus ions of the lonra. ble :nemiber fromn Kentucky. I will say th-a I feel ur~ider great obhlgaianns toa that.I linora ble member liar mitrodEucing athe subaject, ;ana for the very luced speech whwch he mnude, an' which has been sot msuch renal throughout thle whole coauntry. I aana also undelr great. obhi. gatiims to the Iisinor tate member fromi Teon nessee for the Ihght which lhe has sihed upor I ths saubjiet; and, mi somec respects, it will h< seena tha t Iild.fler very ba:tle ira.at the Ienalingj sutject a suimitted lay either of those Ilionora tile gelemecaan. Noaw, sir, when'i thie direcat equoetiona of thi :adm iiiii on of C- harma shall I he biefoe tha Seinte, I paropose~-buit niot befuore every othlao gentlemian whoa hais a wilh to asidlress the Se nate shallI have grataied that desire-to saj someothmug uponm the bautuidarios of Cahfornaia an iupon)01 the expedthincy, uinder all the cir cumastances, 01 :adimiing lier with that Cumn Mr. C.tahiti. Onae woirdl. andai I have doine andl thlit woardI a, :ai noatwv.t hstanu.tin- the ac : <~.:o at th v ast'Terrilory oaf Te'xiaa repr aIsenatedu by lie Snatoar iroas NIassnahusetts, iii the itc thait .al t hatlnh addnt to oaur Teri ,i ary moctle it bay nit mans ii eplI lto what tWi N .rthleria Statesa hiad excluded us fromis heriai a i t actljimiisi. The Territory lying W ~ betwaean ithe Mi:s.'ssipapi and the Rb ) Nha tt m\auts it thiree. iouirths aof thae whaot a li a.uisianta, andl athat which I eas taetweer thi .:ssipiadte Ohio', adldedl tot that,eske: ,diant Tex is asal thI it pormtioni aof 1a is-amt -I Tlur. A;Et.:' Tlr -u.,mr.s.--I' follow. - inag ae thea ates whn thle respecti~t State ' 'ns onered1 ' he~ Aiericaa a. min: i Del..dw.a.-e, I)oeetame 7, 178S7; lS'nnsylva Sil n, Dzeembeiatr 2, 178t7; Ne w .'er.--y, lI ,caiseaar 19 17i7; Gearea.m, Janau ary 2, 17' - Connieet.aeuLt. Januairy 9, 178-4; Maaebucaa 5i i , Febarhiiy (, 1 7!8; MI a ry: pdta, A pr il 25 I 1--; Soulth Carolia, .itv *2; 1788; Nei II iji pire, Jaune 21, 178,4;'V r ,iana,ianne 21 t 788; N.ew Yark, July 21i, 17*. North t'ara ini a Naov''em er 2, I17-,9; lihautto I~ldand, Mai y.49 1794. V--rm- ni, M:arach I, 1791; Kettuck: I Jun I I 17'&); oTnnese,~ Jun ae I, 1791 S)a al \, Novembera~ .29, I1?-9t.; I iim 5iana, Aparil -a I-tI; Iwh'liaii. I)- -eambear 11 ith1; Mass: at spp., aDecle:n'awr 1(0, 1$817; 1.ituis, 1)ecembla 'hMain -, March I5, 182t, Maiouri, August 11 I 1 a at Arkains a-, Juine I5, 18i3t; Michaaga -a Junia es l', 137; F~aila, MarebI 7, I184 a 291, '11; Iowa, l19I)-P'almea'o .Staandar C A no/ her Nul for the Adoliionis s.-WVe a iniformedna that a slave, the property o( F4w '- e Deaen, Etap., of Colub ia, returned volunta e aly, yesterday, in the achr. Ellen Gold.b o rough from llaltimoreo. alter being abse Is fromt thie service of hits mastes-for nine month 0 'Thi. slave, who has passth ed al(e at timt Sumtervlle, So. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 20, IW RICHARS WI. DYSON, EdAitor. 9V MI busines connected with the "-BAN. xma will ftecive the .ten.lom of the Editr at his oilee, in the rear of th Court HouN. Wr RETURN DAY for Sumter District, March 23rd. Cotton. CALraaE3TOX.--Prices fror. 10 1.2 So 32 ets-, SPMIRTKRYIL.-Prices from 1010 11. The Parallel. We hold it to be the duty of men to search diligently after the truth, art" when it is found, to embrace it. In that pach there are many hindrances. Early predilections, superinduced by too frequently a partial and one-sided pre sentment of things-a narrowing of the view, which should be taken of'all questions-a coun sequent imperfect understanding of the tions we boar to society, and to the ag of societies- l those are strog baralersina the way, and not easily overcome. A long continuance of such a course fixes prejudices in the tmind so strongly, tit we persuade our solves, that they are honest convictions, result ing from correct reason. We therefore hold to them with unwavering tenacity; and any views, ooning in conflict with them, we refuse to notice altogether, or else discard as heresy. Then it becomes perilous to speak, but in con formity. le, who doetn," fial In, however contrary to reason and to seing, is in dan ger of mastynlom, 6inerva are made *thout a arofer i itny one sec tion. We believe that they are , ~l-ale to every section; and that in them wilt'y found ono~f the canses of our present dificulties. There long existed very great ignorance of the condition of either section of tis Republic, on dhe part of die oter. The proportion of either, who hagve had any thing like an intimate ac qjunintance with the condition of the other, must be admnitted to be extremely small. Nor has there bren evinced much curiosity is know better. Ot the contrary, the reviorsejs. ' # there has been rather an aversi to i. Few havo taken the pain, to posses* themselves of thoi accuante kniowledge fthe elements, which make upthe society, and Nithout whileh. rt6 Judgremeont can kg forgnnt elke a - gnoance and prejuidice, tapag'hi on sopo~ isolatd .phase, tnoften d nxcepd4 to arale,oerzneously pronoun. ces .d9 m~p ii judg. in the r own and cam. t mmutes. wesaa ther -every there is p0 -cly . -ad no na must t gaissy t.vJi ht itoble attachment1 for the narrar spot, whicLei the true basis of patriotism, :stead of be .oming enlarged so as to embacommuntiespt States and Nations, dwindles iS) a w-ast unejrorthy and inveterate species of -lfishaness. 'ihe-..nird is fixed uaccondinga the ope'thns prevaIling on tima Le-. row spoteinq anty deviation fromt it, in act or opiniona, iearmsparingly condemned. This is un fortunate,r the very naext step is to qucstion the motiv of those who differ from us, and whtenev dnotivyes are impugned, confhhee is lost. Agagonistic feelings spring up-war of oapinion declared, which wvaxes warmer and more ier, util it is brought to pass, thtat the commrneationa of one side, involves the condem nation othte othter. This feeling, not of attach tment be of hostility, extends itself. Then theo parties ecomte still more rancorous, until justice cannottbiudo with either, and truth is siloenced and pp. to an open shame. Resentmnts grow up, ne ttualtiplied. and diffused-are transmit ted ihmt generation to generation, and can with diliuhty ever be, healed. To reverence the opi fons and wisae conduct of otur progenitors, is ' ery natural and proper sentitment. To e.~ ane with care those opinions and the grjunds of that cotnduct; andi if properly based aadapted to the circumstances surrounding Sto emabrace ad act uapon them, is a duty it to adopt error because it has been handed wn, betrays weakness and mnarrow-nminnded eec. Antiquity can lend no sanctity to error, but truthc grows brighter in the cycle of ages. The times wve live in invite to these refloc lions, but they are more immediately.suggeated by thte speeches ofthtrete great nimtn,:C..av, C'AI.noux and WVEnsTER. We name thtem in the order they spoke. The limaits of an caito rial will admit of nao more than a notice and therefore we shall not atttemipt to go intto themn at large. WVhaat was the cottdition of the cotun try before ande at thte time of the delivery of thtese speeches?7 We mighat give it in otne word-an almost perfect alienation of feeling between the North and South. So fiur as hna ttan eye could see, thtey were flying apart as Scertainly ad as rapidly as it is possible tocon ceive of. The land marks of old parties were melting away-..-ld tics, religious, political and ;social lade sensibly given way tand ant entirely n tew line was drawn. The Northa and the South were the parties. Int each section thae excite me wnt was great andl pervading, extendinag alike - to aell the religious decnomninauions of each and Yme-king utpa part of their religious sentinvat. The people w're excited-thao entiro pres5 ~teemed with violenat rand reproaeafchfu reflec -titans-even the Congress ofthet Nationa weo ron fare and humniliating were sonme of' the scenes etnacted. Insulting petitioans were of afered-tde fee4gs of sepuesentative's were I;onttrged--.-crimina.ipus at ueeritae~tioa .were ftreely-intdniged in--and so storeany wai thce tinme that an interchange of blows wva: lookedL for. F~very thing betokenoed a violentot break. We stood nig a upon the brink of Rcvr r- haution. H-ore we patse,-and .ask what wa to unr done ? Ilow long coald things remail 8. in thais condition ? Stateasraen !. PUiosopliet I Historian !. Look at these, thngs,.and1 talhu ahow long will the Anmoritw namra tt? a IA Thwerel he -yn,, upon whom the eyes of the wO&* Bd, and who in many a c otbd laeS togethet oer great poltN.p. i Lions-all equally devoted to the %N ior and the Union.. There er4 sminont Senators there Tj was to propofe? From q proposition to come? from tie North. But ther was ating state of things. W vas No proposition --from a'Sothl n Statener would have mat Wih #ny favor: In me the had none to make. N,6 ventured to come forwad break ground. At this juncureir q submitted his Resolutions, and follo . up with a Mspeech, in which heen leae.'d I, maintnin his soverli propositions.. In t - think he failed. Il two only, of the eight he, nubmitted, can we agree with him,--.&on reference to the recovery of ggitivc, -f@ and the other in reference tL hPowvr.ddfo. - gress to prohibit or esruct the trde lp Ates between the slavelolding States. On+)joth o .bese propositions his views, accord *fiilrely with the views of the South. o his argument on the power of Congres to legislate uujoy the su ect ofaslavery in the 'tories, In which he ho the atfimative, de4ucing the power from two sources, 1st from "the clause which confers on Congress the power to regulate the terr torica awl other property of therU. s. and 2nd "the treaty-niaking power-.Lthe acquiring poVer"--to his argument an this power, *q1 oply is at hand. .Now let it bo ne9inT0 W4 Jmt there is no exprms grant ot ti a poTV is lie contendi for-it is a more imn per. 'l utheMrn ew wiltrnish e it time of thdadoption of the Constitxa ill .the States were sovereign and equ y inve by consoquence an equal right to the ae 1ttred saist ether property of the Uunitd $jjd and any law of Congress, abridging that right: strikes at a fundamantal principle and is un coistitutional. Thm Constitu In rebogni*ed 4lavery as property-O pas a -,-mh ame or more of the States fr 'r by the Lheir property Into teCAoin n benefit or all, conimon har,'idgmentofthatr' htand K$*ould be unconstittzional. 'To imp. L power on the part of Congress wuud lestroy a fundanental prfticiple of the tion, the eqality of right. It wOiUlI unwarrantable aetch. n'rdruciot er is enjined by the Constitution. ti lecessary to ff'ectuate it, ir not cxpres-, ed,, u eoinletglied. But ixyondiWhost asadi itidl to "ntod formtuid d toEOnIend fqr tahidiesq.. lestiV41 fanalgilspicpe a the power to,quiIae orrto bepotrp ake ' l ,tins or theterrit&'w kind Y ny speesofp o Ys at purpose? On this paint our limtn wrn~~ a uno sy rnuavte. e oo froma Mr. CrLst's proposhtiore -rs ['exas. He pros orun the TerxasI ho Rio Grande to New Mexico, about ~ 1. latitude and then East to the -~ 4v :eding 47 1-2d. below 36d. 30ma. to tilJ~ ed States for, it may be, a fzair eeqivalent,.. Uo -imply dissent. We have said that .kiW.Ai tas lfr % ward at a certain juncture, the seea7proc. sitions we have thus briefly .noticed. We * , stated wherein we thought him wronag? 'We have this to say further. H-is speech ufet with no quarter at the South-hi opinions geaner4 ally were at war with ours and heavy dentun eintions were levelled against him. He hasa been called by mny hard names. He is cer tainly obnoxious to the charge of puahing, and most inopportunely, hsis speculative opinions too far. It is not our province, and thereforo we do not feel at liberty to judge of the motives of me~n. We are bound to believe that his general purpose was good; and uusler the cir cumestances then existing, we feel assured that it did service. It condemned the course of the North on several subjects in terma so decided, as to awaken them. It was extensively circu lated and read, and brought them to reflect. kt prepared the way for Mr. W nST'rs Speech, wvith whi, in so:na of the main features, It agrees; except that the gesnml tone of the lat ter is higher and more statesmanlike. There was cvidently a change wrought by it at the North. But whatever be the~ fnal result of things, wh~ethier our difTirences shall ever be adjusted or not-at somie coiming time history wil: review this period, anid it will give him a place-in the general summing up. it will censure nany of the acts; but if we mistake. not, it will commend the man. And now the' great Carolinian advanced with his heavy bat tle axe, anid wyith that dlirectnesi of purpose, whiecb belongs to him, he ( ut right throug h to. the bottom of his subject. Hie prcsented the. grievtancen of the South ini such plain and' truthful characters, and with so much power as to leave the other side no alternative but to mete question. We can only join in the ges. oral judgmnent, that it was every way worthy of, iso great a moan. His suggestin as tpan amnend-~ ment of the Conistituction wo tliunk very gond, and very deiable, *t it can bo carried out. WVe have nos doubt that it hats been woll con-. sidoed by hinmg andI conamig from sonh,, source d}eerves tc.be well considered byth.1 w hol- coumry. Ijis services ini those aan~ aund evemu ful timses, as on every other oecasioW wheni desmanded will alvays be -appreciateds and always remnemblered. fle rein we t tdnk the three agree, , dil1itn as lley do on, many impourtaot andI 'vitat.ques~~ sions. They h:ad the sanig end in vice.-the~ are equally patriotic and eqalary dtesirous off preserniing thre integrity of the Unien believed hero that Afr. WVensras.wottdh 14 ly venture to defy the prejudices of tI . But in this they have been agreenly 4 pointed. He came forward,,thug who oto try his cause, andl for that canne lie ael to.i lI be heard. lie spoke, nta~ * from Miaseachusetts,. bqCt ia ~ iS~ -1 !tatesmi--ts lioaoai WAn r1c